2020年自考《民航概论》习题及答案(卷一)

2020年自考《民航概论》习题及答案（卷一）

1) (P138)民用航空器主要活动在大气层的哪些层?

民用航空器主要活动在对流层和平流层下部。

2) (P139)什么叫做国际标准大气?为什么要制定国际标准大气?

国际标准大气是以北半球中纬度地区的大气物理性质的平均值作为基础建立的，作为航空器设计和制造的统一标准，也作为航空器使用者在使用航空器时的共同标准。

3) (P141)飞行中有哪些气压高度?各在哪些情况下使用?

①场压高度(QFE)：飞机在起飞降落时使用。

②海平面气压高度(QNH)：飞机在爬升和下降阶段使用。

③标准气压高度(ISA)：飞机在巡航阶段使用。

4) (P142)天空中云的覆盖率可以分为几个等级?

(在此纠正书上的错误)

(按照民航气象台报)(8分法)天空中云的覆盖率可以分为5个等级：

云在天空中的比例低于1/8称为晴;1/8~2/8称为少云;3/8~4/8称为疏云;5/8~7/8称为多云;8/8称为阴。

(按照气象台报)(10分法，即课本分法)天空中云的覆盖率可以分为4个等级：

云在天空中的比例低于1/10称为晴;1/10~1/2称为散布云;6/10~9/10称为多云;9/10以上称为阴。

5) (P142)什么叫做能见度?

能见度是指观察者在白天辨认物体，在夜间辨认灯光的距离。

6) (P142)降水对航空器有哪些影响?

①使能见度降低

②影响跑道的性能

③影响飞机性能

7) (P147)什么叫做航线?航线角?航线距离?

航线是飞机从地球表面一点到另一点的预定路线。

航向角是以经线北端为基准顺时针到航线指向的角度。

航线的地面距离叫航线距离。

8) (P147)一般使用的两种航线分别是大圆航线和等角航线，各有何优缺点?

飞机沿大圆航线飞行，要通过计算不断改变方向以保持航线，这对驾驶员带来不便，但由于大圆航线距离短，节省燃油和时间，因此大圆航线经常被采用。在等角航线上飞行，航线角始终不变，为飞行带来方便，但是等角航线多数情况下都比大圆航线距离长。

9) (P144)危险天气都有哪些?

①雷暴

②颠簸——包括⑴表面湍流⑵风切变(最危险)⑶晴空湍流⑷飞机后面的尾流

10) (P143)飞机为何逆风起降?

为了提高飞机的空速，缩短在跑道上滑跑的距离，增加安全系数。

11) (P144)什么是风切变?低空风切变为何会危及飞行安全?

风切变是指风的速度和方向的突然改变;它可以使飞机的空速和高度迅速变化，造成严重事故。

12) (P150)什么叫做导航?

导航是指一个物体在运动中确定它在空间或地面的位置和方向的方法。

13) (P151)绘图表示航向角、航迹角、偏流角、空速、地速、风速之间的关系。

要点：五角三速

关系：航迹角=航向角+偏流角

地速=空速+风速

14) (P152)什么是磁差、什么是罗差?

磁经线和真经线的夹角称为磁差，用△C表示;罗经线和磁经线偏离的角度叫做罗差，用△L表示。

15) (P153)绘图表示电台方位角和飞机方位角。

关系：电台方位角+180°=飞机方位角

电台方位角=航向角+电台相对方位角

1) (P200)航空港由哪3大部分组成?

①飞行区②地面运输区③候机楼

2) (P201)什么叫做飞行区等级?什么叫做4E级飞行区?

跑道的性能及相应的设施决定了什么等级的飞机可以使用这个机场，机场按这种能力的分类，称为飞行区等级。

4E级飞行区：4指飞行场地长度在1800m以上，E指翼展52~60m

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