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学位英语短文写作真题与参考范文

学位英语短文写作真题与参考范文
学位英语短文写作真题与参考范文

短文写作

【本模块考纲说明】

能够用英语撰写常见应用文,或能够按照所给提纲、情景或图表,说明或论述一般性的话题。所写短文要求主题明确,条理清楚,语言比较规范。

【本模块试卷结构】

本部分可要求考生写一篇常见的应用文,也可用提纲、情景或图表做提示,要求考生说明或论述一个一般性话题,文章长度不低于100个英文单词。

本部分满分为15分,考试时间为30分钟。

【本模块考点】

1、以提纲式作文为重点,了解情景或图表作文;

2. 在文体训练方面着重练习对比分析型议论文的写法;

3. 强化与学生、大学、学习、工作等话题相关的题目写作练习

真题分析

以下为2005年--2012年广东省成人学位英语考试作文考题:

2005

Directions: You are to write in 100120 words about the title “My Ideal Job”.ou should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:

1.什么是你心目中理想的工作?说明理由。

2.为找到这份理想的工作,你应如何努力去做?

2006

Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title “The Importance of Obtaining a Degree for your Life.” Your composition should be based on the Chinese outline given below.

1.学位对人生成功的意义。

2.你应当如何努力取得学位?

2007

Directions: You are to wr ite in no less than 120 words about the title“Whom Do You Like Best, Movie Stars or Sports Stars?”Your composition should be based on the Chinese outline given below:

1.影视明星和体育明星有何不同?

2.你为什么喜欢影视明星(或体育明星)?

3.明星偶像在学习中能起到什么积极作用?

2008

Directions: You are to w rite in no less than 120 words about the title “Olympic Torch Bearer”. Your composition should be based on the Chinese outline given below:

1. 你认为什么样的人可以成为奥运火炬手?

2. 你愿意成为一名火炬手吗?

3. 为什么?

2009

Directions: You are to write in 100—120 words on the topic “Choosing Careers”. You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:

1. 有些人认为家长应该为孩子安排未来的职业;

2. 孩子认为应该由自己决定将来的工作;

3. 谈谈你的看法。

2010

Directions: You are to write in 100120words words about the topic “To Work or Study Further.” You shoul d base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:

1. 有人认为中学毕业后能找到工作就没必要上大学。

2. 有人认为为了今后有更好的发展必须上大学。

3. 你的观点是什么并陈述你的理由。

2011

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled “To Learn or to Practice”. You s hould write in 100~120 words following the outline given in Chinese below: 1.有人认为,大学生要多些社会实践,为将来工作做准备。

2.有人则认为,大学生要把时间和精力放在学习上。

3. 你的观点是什么?

2012 (A卷)

Directions: You are to write in, 100~120 words about the title "Is It Useful to Go to University Now?” You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:

1. 有人认为,上大学没有用;

2. 有人认为,上大学非常有用;

3. 你的看法是怎么样的?为什么?

2012 (B卷)

Directions :You are to write in 1001200words on the topic "The Importance of University Education" You should base your composition on the online given in Chinese below"

1.有些人认为当今时代大学教育并不重要;

2.另一些人则认为当今时代大学教育非常重要;

3.谈谈你的看法并给出原因。

从以上历年的作文考试题可以看出:

(1)作文的具体考试形式只有一种,即提纲式作文,从未涉及情景或图表作文;

(2)作文的文体都是议论文,且最近5年的题目都是对比分析型的议论文;

(3)所给题目都与上大学、大学生、学习、工作等话题相关,且有变化关键词表达来重复话题的可能。

因此,在作文题型方面要仍然以提纲式作文为重点,但仍然不能排除情景或图表作文的极例外的可能(后面的内容中会有相关讲解);在文体训练方面着重练习对比分析型议论文的写法;对与学生、大学、学习、工作等话题相关的题目要多写多练和融会贯通。

■通用作文思路和模板

万能作文模板

(一)Nowadays, there are more and more [某种现象] in [某种场合]. It is estimated that [相关数据].

Why have there been so many [某种现象]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is [原因一]. Besides, [原因二]. The third one is [原因三].

To sum up, the main cause of [某种现象] is due to [最主要原因]. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, [解决办法一]. On the other hand, [解决办法二]. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [某种现象].

观点类作文模板

(二)Different people have different views on ______. Some people think that _____, while others argue that ______.

①提出两种人的观点。需要起始句。

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the _______ opinion. For one thing, I firmly believe____. For another, ______. Just think of ______, who______.

②明确表示自己同意某个观点。态度需斩钉截铁。

Taking all these factors into consideration, we may safely come to the conclusion that ______. Only if ______can we ______, just as the saying goes, _______.

③下结论

(三)People’s opinions are always different once they talk about______. Those who ____ maintain that. _______. They also firmly believe that _______.

①第一种人的观点。需要起始句

Many people think otherwise. On the one hand, _____. On the other hand, ____.

②第二种观点。第一句为过渡句,简明。

My own opinion is that _________, in this fastdeveloping information era, has become more than common and acceptable. If we want to _________, we have to _____. So why not_______?

③明确表示自己同意某个观点。第一句经典,其后为条件状语丛句叠用;最后为反问句。

(四)As we all know, the general public has been debating whether______ is a blessing or a curse. Scientists have made advances in ________, where _____. Some people support ________, saying _________. Other people oppose ________, saying ________.

①简要叙述两种人的观点。

Those in favor of this research believe that ___________. Those opposed to this type of research argue that ________.

②进一步阐述以上两种观点。

Personally speaking, I approve of _____only if it is placed under strict control. For one thing,

_______. For another, ________. Only when we exercise extreme care over this delicate matter can we be sure to put it on the right track.

③追加条件,同意正方观点。总分总结构。

(五)Recently there have been many reports of _______. It turns a new page of advanced education in China, and will have far—reaching effects in the forthcoming years.

①引出普遍现象并说明其意义

The biggest benefit, in my eyes, is that __________. In addition, _______. Finally, _________.

②分三方面说明。从最重要到不那么重要

Apart from the benefits mentioned above, we should also face several unavoidable challenges. In the first place, _________. In the second place, _________. What’s the most important, ________. Only when __________can we___________.

③说明我们所面临的挑战并下结论。从最不严重到最严重;

■作文常见表达

1. as is known /as it is known to all …众所周知

2. w ith the pace of modern life increasing….随着现代生活步伐的加快

3. with the development of modern society…随着现代社会的

4. personally I’m in favor of the former/latter view…我个人偏向于前/后一种观点

5. there is no doubt that…勿容质疑

6. however everything has two sides…任何事物都具有两方面

7. a s a Chinese saying goes…正如中国的一句谚语所说

8. the same is the case with sth…也不例外

9. in the appraisal of …在。。。的评价中

11. according to …there are at least three good reasons…firstly secondly… thirdly….列举用法

12. In my opinion, in the appraisal of …it is onesided to affirm everything or to negate everything. We should appreciate the great contribution made by them, and at the same time pay enough attention to the problems caused by them。

我认为,在对….的评价中,完全的肯定任何事情和否认任何事情都是片面的。我们在欣赏到他们做出的巨大的贡献的同时也要更加注意他们带来的问题。

■英语写作套路

一对. . . . . .看法(My View on . . .题型)

People’s views/ ideas/ opinions on vary from person to person. Some people think that... They hold this opinion because... However, others hold that...

As to me, I am in favor of the first / second idea. The following are the reasons of / for my choice/personal inclination. First, while it is true that..., it doesn't mean that... Besides, Admittedly, . . but this is not to say that...

Therefore/ In a word/ from the foregoing, ...

二利弊(Advantages and Disadvantages of …题型)

Nowadays, … play(s) an important part/role in… (is/are popular around us ). Like everything else, … has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows. First, … Besides, … Most important of all,…

But eve ry coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. To begin with, …To make matters worse/Worst of all, ...

Through above analysis, I believe that the advantages/positive aspects outweigh the disadvantages/negative ones. Therefore, …

三如何(How to. . . 题型)

Many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but the following ones may be most effective. First of all, . . . Besides, /Another way to solve the problem of... is... Finally, . .

These are not the best and the only two/three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take strong actions to. . .

四取舍(A or B 题型)

When we/ you…, we/ you will be faced with the choice between A and B. Before making the right choice, we/you had better make a close comparison and contrast of them.

First of all, A... Also, B ... Second, A ... Likewise, B ... Despite their similarities, A and B are also different in the following aspects. First, A ... However, B... Besides, A... On the contrary, B... Therefore, it depends which... we/you should choose. If we/ you... . we/you should choose A; but if we/you..., we/you should turn to B.

五理由(Why . . . 题型)

...There are many reasons / causes for..., but in general, they come down to three major ones. For one thing, For another, Perhaps the prime reason / cause is that... From the foregoing . . .

■情境型作文

情境型作文,一般以书信形式出现。书信由(1)信头(即写信人地址,在右上角,地址由小写到大)、(2)日期(日期紧跟在信头下一行,写法有月日,年;或者日月年,日的数字直

接写基数词即可,免得不知序数词写法反而写错)、(3)信内地址(收信人地址,在左上方顶格写但要低于写信日期至少一行,第一行要写上头衔或尊称Mr, Mrs,Dr.等加上人名,下一行的地址也是由小写到大)、(4)称呼(低于信内地址一行顶格写)、(5)正文(可以分几段,最后一段通常写祝愿、说再见、提及以后的会面,作出承诺或提出要求)、(6)结束敬语和(7)签名七个部分构成。

需要指出的是:

写信人地址和收信人地址会因为2者关系的亲疏而不同。2人若关系很熟则2种地址都可以省略;2人关系很陌生则最好2种地址都要;若为一般非正式信件则可以省掉收信人地址(最常见)。

考生出于中文习惯,把日期写在落款位置是最常见的错误,需要避免。

以上所讲的是缩进式的书信格式,考生在不记得排版格式的情况下也可以把书信写成齐头式。即把所有组成部分和段落都顶格写,实际上使用电脑打印书信时大多采用这种格式。这样,考生可以轻易避免在书信格式方面的错误。

温馨提示:以下范例都省去了信头、日期和收信人地址,但考生在试卷上作答时候至少要写上信头和日期!

一:邀请信

示例一:

Dear________,

There will be a ________________(内容)at/in________________(地点)on___________(时间). We would be honored to have you there with us.

The occasion will start at ___________(具体时间). This will be followed by a _______(进一步的安排). At around______(时间),____________________________(另一个安排).

I really hope you can make it.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

示例二:

Dear_____________,

①_____________(开门见山提出事件/活动、地点、时间).②It would be pleasant/honored to have you here.

③During the party/conference, we will have lots of activities you will be interested in. ④First,

__________(要举行的活动内容一).⑤Second, __________(要举行的活动内容二).

⑥I know/believe that you will be very interested in_____________. ⑦First/For one thing,

_____________(受邀请人参加的理由一).⑧Second/For another, _____________(受邀请人参加的理由二).⑨The conference/party would not be complete without you!

⑩The party/conference will begin at 时间and we do hope you can come.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

二:道歉信

示例一:

Dear ___________,

I am truly sorry that_________________________(道歉的原因).

The reason is that __________________________(介绍原因)Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

三:感谢信

示例一:

Dear______,

I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for __________________(感谢的原因). If it had not been for your assistance in __________________(对方给你的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been___________________(没有对方帮助时的后果).

Everyone agrees that it was you who___________________________(给出细节).

Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you! Please accept my gratitude.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

四:求职信

示例一:

Dear Sir or Madam,

I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in____________(报纸名称)of________(广告发布时间).

Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but I also have the right personality for a

__________(工作名称). On the one hand,___________________________(第一个原因). On the other hand, ______________________(另一个原因).

Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me, please feel free to contact me at any time at __________(电话号码)Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

示例二:

Dear_____________,

①I am applying for the position of _____________(想申请的职务)advertised in

_____________.②I majored in_____________(专业)。③My training in _____________(接受过的培训)definitely meets your qualifications. ④My complete resume is attached.

⑤I will graduate on _____________(毕业时间)from _____________(毕业院校). ⑥In addition to the required courses of my major, I have_____________(除专业外,选修的课程). ⑦I also have some experience in____________(曾有过的社会工作经验). ⑧You will find me to

be_____________(请对方对自己有信心).

⑨May I have a personal interview at your convenience? ⑩I can be reached by telephone.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

五:祝贺信

Dear_____________,

①I have learned with delight that you_____________(祝贺事由). ②I would like to extend to you my utmost congratulations on _____________. ③you must be _____________.④And I feel very happy for you.

⑤_____________(所取得的成绩)is quite exciting news! ⑥I know this is surely owing to

_____________(被祝贺人过去的努力).⑦It is a reward you richly deserve for

your_____________(被祝贺人的优点)。

⑧Kindly let me know when you_____________(咨询对方何时有空).⑨I hope

_____________(表达自己的愿望).⑩My best wishes for your further success.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

六:推荐信(求职/求学)

示例:

Dear_________,

①It affords me much pleasure to recommend _______to you. ②During his/her graduate years he/she was my_________ . ③As his/her___________ I found him/her ___________.

④His/Her performance in the school years was outstanding. ⑤First, he/she had been

and showed great talents in__________. ⑥In addition, he/she has a very pleasant personality. ⑦He has developed a strong sense of_________, and working with him is always________. ⑧I can state that he/she has all the qualities of being___________

⑨Therefore, I here recommend him/her to you with all my heart. ⑩Should you favor him/her with a position in your company/Should you accept him/her in your university?I am sure that

his/her future conduct/academic work will prove worthy of your confidence. I look forward to hearing from you at the earliest possible moment.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

■历年真题写作范文

2005 My Ideal Job

Sample 1:

Different people have different ideas about what an ideal job is. Some want to be doctors, some want to be teachers, and some others want to be engineers…

In my opinion, teaching is an ideal job. Teachers were low in social status in the old days, but in recent years their social position has been improved greatly, and now teachers are well respected by people everywhere. In addition, I think I am by nature suitable to be a teacher because I like children very much and I am patient. I can treat students as my equals.

I’m now preparing for my future career as a teacher. I know it won’t be easy to become a good teacher. So I’m studying really hard not only in class, but also in my daily life. I am controlling my mood, improving my handwriting, and reading extensively to widen my scope of knowledge.

Sample 2:

There are various kinds of jobs in the world, such as nursing, teaching and engineering. But different people choose different jobs as their ideal careers, partially because each has his own interests and hobbies.

As for me, I have made up my mind to be a teacher. I choose to do so mainly for three reasons. First, I want to teach because I like the pace of academic calendars. Two long vacations offer me an opportunity for reflection, research and writing. Secondly, I want to teach because I like the freedom to make my own mistakes, to learn my own lesson, to stimulate myself and my students. And I can have the opportunity to keep on learning. Finally, I want to teach because, being around the students who are beginning to grow and change in front of me, I will grow and change with them too.

But teaching is no easy job at all. I must study cleverly to obtain more knowledge. And, at the same time, I will make every effort to purify my soul so that I can become an architect of man’s soul.

Sample 3:

Every person has his own ideal job. Some people wish to be doctors,while others want to be teachers, engineers and so on.

As far as I am concerned, I have been dreaming of being a guide for a long time. First, my major is tourism management and I want to get a tourismrelated job. Secondly, I want to be as knowledgeable and amiable as the good guides I admire. Finally, guides can constantly expand their knowledge and experience lots of new customs, cultures of different regions and countries.

To become a qualified guide, I have to make sufficient preparations. For one thing, I must have a good command my specialty knowledge and travel more at my spare time, just as the saying goes:“Seeing is believing.” For another,I should enhance my eloquence so that I can clearly express allusions and stories about various sights. What's more,I should control my mood freely and treat every client kindly. Being a good guide is difficult, but I believe if I endeavor to do it, I'll make it.

Sample 4:

There are various kinds of jobs in the world. As their interests and abilities are diverse, different people choose different jobs. Some want to be scientists, some prefer to be businessmen, and some choose to be actors or actresses.

For me, the ideal job is to be a teacher. Being a teacher, I can stay young mentally. Being with young people most of the time, I will be influenced greatly by their vigor, their thought, and their lifestyle. Therefore, I will live my life in much the same way the live theirs. Besides, while teaching, I will enjoy much freedom. I can determine what and how to teach in class. Nobody will interfere with my teaching. Last but not the least, as a teacher, I will have two long vacations and much flexible time. Having so much free time, I can write, research and travel.

However, it is not an easy task to be a good teacher. From now on, I will study hard to lay a solid foundation of knowledge in my major. This is the most important prerequisite to being a good teacher. At the same time, I will read some books on psychology, and learn how to teach effectively and how to get on well with the students. I hope that in the future I will become a teacher knowledgeable in my major and popular with my students.

2006 The Importance of Obtaining a Degree for Your Life

Sample 1:

It is wellknown that there are sharp competitions in the market of employment nowadays. A college degree is, to some extent, a passport to a prosperous future. So if one wants to find a decent job in the future, it is important and necessary for him to obtain a degree first.

As for me, to obtain a degree is not an easy thing, but I believe in the proverb “no pains, no gains”. On the one hand, I must overcome a lot of diffi culties while I am learning new things from my courses. I will try my best to understand what I learn. On the other hand, when I come across difficulties and hardships, I should not complain about them but cope with them with patience and confidence. And w hat’s more, I should build up faith in myself by realizing my strong points and weak points.

As the proverb goes, “where there is a will, there is a way”. I am sure I can obtain a degree successfully in my life by means of confidence and diligence.

Sample 2:

As is known to all, nowadays (in recent years), it is more and more important to obtain a degree. There are some possible reasons as follows. Firstly, obtaining a degree means that you are well-educated. Then, obtaining a degree can help to get a good job in the increasingly competitive job market.

In order to obtain a degree, some effective measures should be taken. First of all, I should work hard to learn my major well. Next, I need to arrange and adjust my spare time schedules so as to work most efficiently. Furthermore, I have to spend more time to learn English so as to pass the degree examination.

In a word, only with these measures and my persistence and hard work can I obtain a degree.

2007 Whom Do You Like Best, Movie Stars or Sports Stars?

Nowadays, “Pop Star” is becoming a hot topic in the society, such as the movie stars who are very outstanding actors or actresses, having the charming appearance and behavior, or the wellknown sports stars displaying health and strength.

If I were required to make a choice, I would rather choose sports stars as my idol such as Michel Jordan and Beckham. Whenever I watch some sports games, I can see them running on the basketball court or football field. No matter how many wounds they experience, they are unbeatable in spirit.

It is just the spirit of these sports stars that encourages me in my study. Whenever I am confronted with any difficulty in a academic task, I begin to recall their confident smiles as if they were saying to me “Never give up no matter what barrier is waiting for you!”

2008 Olympic Torch Bearer

Sample 1:

When it comes to who can become an Olympic torch bearer, people differ from each other in their views. As for me, only those who really like sports and can encourage others to love sports and life can become Olympic torch bearers.

As far as I am concerned, I do want to become an Olympic torch bearer .The reasons are as follows. To start with, I love sports very much. Basketball, football and even volleyball are all my favorites. Secondly, I am an active and optimistic person. When my friends are depressed, I just invite them to play basketball and refresh themselves. Thus, I can use my optimism to encourage others to love sports and life.

In a word, it is a great honor to be an Olympic torch bearer while it carries some duties and responsibilities.

Sample 2:

There are numerous careers in the society representing the capacities and interests of people. The job of “torch bearer” is definitely so glori ous that anyone of us is dreaming of. Who will be

selected to be the “torch bearer” in Olympic Games? As far as I am concerned, anyone who has strong will and has made great contribution will be given the prior consideration.

Having seen so many great people such as news reporter, Li Ruiying and athlete Li Ning run on the track delivering the torch to the destination, the impulse of becoming a torch bearer comes to my mind.

From now on, I will make the honor of becoming a “torch bearer” my target in m y lifetime. Only in this way can I become the person that can light others and publicize the spirit of love and strong will to citizens.

2009 Choosing Careers

When it comes to the choice of careers, there always exist constant disputes between genera tions. Some take it for granted that it should be parents’ determination to settle the future of their kids. Those who insist on this opinion is due to their reliance on the experience of the former generation that can always avoid the youngsters from wandering back and force in their career development.

Based on the traditional conception mentioned above, there also occurs another voice that encourages the youths to design their career path by themselves. As the saying goes, “Interest is the best tea cher.” It is only the young people that know their own hobbies can adapt to the prospective positions.

Considering the arguments above, I would rather make the decision by myself in choosing a job on the basis of parents’ suggestion. Only in this way can I find a job in a comprehensive consideration.

2010 To Work or Study Further

Nowadays, many college students have to choose either to work or to study further for a higher degree after their graduation. For my part,I incline to find a job first when I graduate from college.

In fact, I hold my view for several reasons. Firstly, it has been my dream since I was a little child that I can live on my own and can even afford to support my whole family. With a job, I can be financially independent as soon as possible. You can’t imagine how proud I will be when that day comes! Secondly, it is a rather good opportunity to put myself through the mill. As everybody knows, struggling in the harsh job market will doubtlessly be a tough. To some degree, society is the best place to develop our ability. I can find my shortcomings as early as possible by throwing myself into work. Therefore, work is also a process of self-study and self-improvement.

In short, I will go to find a job first after my graduation, not only to earn money but also to gain some useful and indispensable experience from society.

2011 To Learn or to Practice

In recent years, more and more college students choose to take part-time jobs in or out of school. Many teachers complain that there are fewer and fewer students who pay attention to their study. S College students need to judge if it is worthwhile for them to work part-time.

On the one hand, distinguished academic performance is favored by employers if you want to find a good job when you graduate. But on the other hand, for those who can easily get high marks in examinations, it is worth trying to find something to do in their spare time. Then they can get some work experience which is as valuable as their academic achievement.

To conclude, it is difficult to judge whether taking part time jobs is good or bad. It depends on how you deal with the relationship between working and learning. If you can balance it well, you are sure to get enough knowledge as well as work experience.

2012 (A卷)

Directions: You are to write in, 100~120 words about the title "Is It Useful to Go to University Now?” You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:

1. 有人认为,上大学没有用;

2. 有人认为,上大学非常有用;

3. 你的看法是怎么样的?为什么?

It has constantly been a dispute about the necessity of entering university. Some take it for granted that we are competitive in finding a job after graduating from middle schools. The disparity for the salary between people of secondary education and university graduates is not so obvious.

With suspicion for the prospects of middle school graduates, some think entering university will be appreciated for the further promotion in career. Those who have obtained the college degrees are more likely to become successful.

As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the latter opinion. The difference between elementary education and higher education lies in the teaching for the ways of thinking. University graduates will accumulate comprehensive knowledge in dealing with any difficulty they will be confronted in the society. The donation of education is not so obvious in a short time but we should value its invisible increment as becoming a great man in our lifetime.

2012 (B卷)

Directions: You are to write in 1001200words on the topic "The Importance of University Education" You should base your composition on the online given in Chinese below"

1.有些人认为当今时代大学教育并不重要;

2.另一些人则认为当今时代大学教育非常重要;

3.谈谈你的看法并给出原因。

As the number of university graduates failing to find a job increases, some people start to hold the opinion that going to university is nothing but to waste money and time, while some others

argue that the university education is essentially important. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter.

There are several reasons why university education is important. To begin with, universities usually possess better educational facilities and more knowledgeable professors. We can learn more knowledge and grow more smoothly. Secondly, university is also a great platform for social lives, where we can develop our social skills and make lifelong friends and social network. Lastly, the university education gives us more opportunities to succeed in our career, as employers seem inclined to hire and keep university degree holders.

In conclusion, students should go to university if they get the chance. It will be totally different from going to the social college.

自考学位英语作文范文

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作文范文之大学英语作文及翻译

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