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新闻英语视听说(1)听力原文及答案

Unit 1

Food Quality

Part ⅠV iew, Listen and S peak

Task One: Food Additives (1)

Food additives are widely used in many countries. However, the discovery a number of years ago that the food additive Sudan Red was harmful to human health led to a backlash against all food additives.

For example, the milk we drink in the morning has calcium added to it; numerous beverages contain calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and other minerals; store bought salt contains iodine, zinc and silica; and potato chips have as many as 10 types of food additives, such as spices, edible pigments, citric acid, flavor additives, sweetening agents and silica.

MSG and condiments are considered food additives. Y east powder is also a food additive too and is usually added to steamed breads. Even sodium carbonate is a food additive, too, and is often added to make congee.

To better understand the functions of food additives, Nature & Science did two interesting experiments at a bakery.

Flour, eggs, sugar, salt and soda are the basic materials used in baking cakes.

First, let‘s make a cake without any additives. Mixing egg yolks and whites evenly, we then add some sugar into it. When the egg and sugar are (done) being mixed, we immediately add flour, water, soda and bulking agents into the mixture and rapidly mix them to make the batter. All this must be done within 10 to 30 seconds after which the batter must be immediately placed into the oven to bake.

Now, let‘s make some cakes with additives. When the eggs and sugar are being mixed, we add some cake oil to the mixture. The cake oil is composed of acidity regulators, antioxidants, vitamin C and sodium bicarbonate. It can make the egg-sugar mixture rapidly inflate. After flour, water and soda are poured into the egg-sugar mixture, the cake oil can form compound membranes with proteins in the cake batter. This can significantly improve the strength and stability of bubbles in the batter and make sure that all of the ingredients are evenly distributed.

Even after the batter is left for some time, the bubbles will not disappear.

After the cakes are taken out of the oven we can see that the cakes that had the oil added to them are much nicer to look at and are more flexible than those without the additives. Even the insides of the cakes are remarkably different. The internal structure of the cake without additives is uneven and brittle. But the internal structure of the cake with additives is even, soft and flexible and tastes delicious and moist.

The benefits of food additives do not just apply to cakes but also to many other foods. Emulsifiers are what give ice cream its delicious taste. The sweeteners lead to low-calorie, low-sugar products.

Without edible pigments, there wouldn‘t be various colorful candies.

Without preservatives, canned foods couldn‘t be preserved for months on end, making it difficult to get them to consumers‘ hands before they go bad. Preservatives can prevent the growth of bacteria and ensure the freshness of nutrition in the food for a short period of time. From this aspect, food additives are very important to our health. Without

them, we can hardly imagine what life would be like. Food additives can keep and improve the color and flavor of foods. They can even increase the nutritional value of certain foods and improve the quality of our life. With the rapid development of the food industry, the type and usage of food additives have increased dramatically, and they have been applied more widely and become an indispensable aspect of modern food processing.

Task Two: Food Additives (2)

Food additives are widely used in many countries. Several years ago, the discovery that something called Sudan Red was harmful to human health led to a backlash against all food additives. I n toxicology, the dosage decides the toxicity.

If the intake of a substance is below its acceptable intake level, damage to the human health

is within an acceptable scope. After evaluating the safety of a food additive, scientists put forth

its acceptable daily intake (ADI) per kilogram of an average person‘s body weight as the basis for governments to stipulate the applications and maximum dosages of food additives.

The Food Safety and Toxicology Evaluation Procedures issued by the Chinese Ministry of Health require that every food additive must undergo oral acute toxicity tests, genetic toxicity tests, teratogenic tests, 90-day feeding trials and carcinogenic tests in animals. According to their toxicological data, food additives are divided into 3 categories: very safe, safe and unsafe. The first category of food additives have no restrictions related to their usage in food processing. They do not need ADI values but simply reference dosages.

For example, after a large number of biochemical and toxicological researches, the international Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) announced that it planned to cancel the acceptable daily intake restriction of monosodium glutamate (MSG).

This shows that MSG is a very safe food additive. China‘s standards stipulate that MSG can be used in various types of food according to the practical needs of food production. For example, the maximum reference dosage of MSG is 1.3 milligrams per kilogram in candy, 190 milligrams per kilogram in condiments and 4,300 milligrams per kilogram in soups.

The second category of food additives is food additives deemed safe. JECFA has established

ADI values for each of them.

Their uses in food processing are restricted. For instance, long-term animal experiments show that lemon yellow has the weakest toxicity of synthetic pigments and is a safe food additive.

Its ADI is 0―7.5 milligrams per kilogram. In China, it is stipulated that its maximum dosage is 0.1 grams per kilogram in fruit juices, drinks, candies and shrimps and 0.02 grams per kilogram

in ice cream.

The third category of food additives is unsafe. According to toxicological data, such additives are considered to be unsafe for use in food. In 2002, the Chinese Ministry of Health announced the prohibition of 59 types of natural raw materials in food, They are unsafe and if they are found in any food product, the company in question would be subject to legal action.

Now that there are so many toxicological regulations overseeing the safety of food additives, why do so many consumers think food additives are a food safety issue? This perception is in part caused by the bad behavior of a very small minority of food processing companies who violate the state‘s health standards through the use of illegal food additives. They increase the dosage of food additives or add some things that are not food additives into food. Consumers should stand up and safeguard their rights.

They have the right to know what additives are in the food they are

buying. For example, soy sauce usually has preservatives added. When a consumer buys a bottle of soy sauce in the supermarket, he can read the specific name of the preservative, say sodium benzoate or potassium sorbate, on the label of the bottle. Similarly, the specific names of sweeteners, such as xylitol and acesulfame potassium, added to soy sauce should also be marked on the label.

When a type of food is added with more than 2 coloring agents, their specific names, such as Fancy Red and Bright Blue, should be clearly marked on the label. So when consumers buy food at the market, they can read the instructions on food packages to know what additives are in them.

This red liquid is called Carmine. It‘s a synthetic edible pigment. Its acceptable daily intake (ADI) is up to 4 milligrams per kilogram. Its maximum dosage is no more than 0.1 grams per kilogram in candy and no more than 0.025 grams per kilogram in soy milk and sausage casing. It is important that we correctly understand food additives and what they are. We shouldn‘t regard them as harmful, nor should we be misguided by attempts to exaggerate their benefits.Task Three: Sanlu MilkInvestigation Continues into Sanlu Milk Powder Chinese authorities are launching an investigation, following reports of kidney stones in infants, after they were fed powdered milk made by Sanlu Company in Hebei Province. Sanlu has already admitted to contamination of the product.

Friday saw investigators from the Ministry of Health, the quality watchdog and relevant departments visiting affected children in hospitals. They then visited Sanlu‘s headquarters in Shijiazhuang city, to take samples, and check on how the local government was dealing with the incident.

An initial investigation shows milk powder containing melamine, which is used in making plastics, fertilizers and cleaning products.

The quality regulator has launched a nationwide probe into all baby milk powders. Meanwhile, the Ministry of Health is sharing relevant information with the World Health Organization.

Part ⅣFurther D evelopment

Food Safety to Be Resolved in China

Well, The recent series of food safety scandals to hit China has prompted calls for a revamp to supervision practices. During the 3rd China Food Safety Forum, participants committed to implement stricter law enforcement to assure food safety in China.

To buy or not to buy, it is a question many have to ponder now, as a wave of food safety scares has renewed fears in China over continued problems. Shoppers told us they hope food safety violations will be resolved in a more effective and timely manner.

(A Beijing resident)

“I often buy food and other products that are popular and have a good reputation.‖

During the 3rd China Food Safety Forum, about 10 governmental departments related to food safety vowed to implement (more) stricter enforcement to assure the quality of food. (Y u Jun, vice director general of Department of Food Safety of State Council of China) “We will improve our monitoring system. We are urging the local governments to standard enterprises. Companies and individuals will be handed severe penalties if they break food safety or other laws pertaining to the quality of food.‖

In China, there are about 500 thousand food production companies. But for many of them, a weak food value chain is the main problem. When a scandal emerges, the public interrogates not

only supervisory agencies, but also blames the food company at the center of the controversy.(Huang Qitai, chief scientist of Synutra International, Inc)

“I think the food safety problem depends on the people in the company. We should raise our company‘s culture to a new level in order to win the respect of consumers, so we do not see the illegal additives in our food today.‖

A publicity week on China Food Safety is also beginning around the country. The aim is to make people know more about the State‘s standard of food safety and the knowledge of additives in food.Tainted food scandals have caused nationwide concern. As, it is urgent for related departments to more strictly enforce laws and regulations to resolve the country‘s food safety problems, which concern everyone‘s health.

练习答案

Unit One Food Quality

Task One

1. 1) D 2) B 3) A4) C 5) D

2. 1) materials 2) additives 3) sugar 4) mixture 5) oven 6) composed 7) inflate 8) stability

9) Even after the batter is left for some time, the b ubbles won‘t disappear.

10) But the internal structure of the cake with additives is even, soft and flexible and tastes delicious and moist.

新闻英语视听说视频文本及练习答案

Task Two

1. 1) A2) B 3) D 4) B 5) D

Task Three

1. 1) B 2) A3) A4) D 5) B

2. 1) investigation 2) kidney stones 3) contamination 4) investigators

5) quality watchdog 6) affected 7) headquarters 8) samples

9) how the local government was dealing with the incident

10) which is used in making plastics, fertilizers and cleaning products

Unit 2

Job Hunting

Part ⅠV iew, Listen and S peak

Task One: Graduates Feel Market Squeeze

According to the job fairs we‘ve just seen and also recent surveys show the hiring prospects are bleak for this year‘s college graduates. In China‘s financial hub—Shanghai, and the country‘s export base—Guangdong province, most students are still waiting for job offers. As Wang Xiqing reports.

Seven out of ten here still haven‘t found a job, and most of them are desperate.

On average, these students in Shanghai have sent out thirty to fifty applications each. And in extreme cases, some have posted copies of their resumes six hundred times.

Surveys show students‘ minimum salary expectations are between two to three thousand Y uan a month. Foreign or multi-national companies top the list in applications, while small private companies are the least favored, because of fears they could

go bust the next day.

Many students say they‘re willing to work as interns in the hope that excellent performance during their probation period （实习期，试用期）might win them a contract. However, only a very small proportion of companies are actually willing to take on interns. And even if they do, that often means low-value positions like answering phone calls at reception.

The situation is even worse in Guangdong, where only 8.4% of final year students have signed labor contracts. Over 330,000 local college students will graduate in July, 14% more than last year. And adding the number of graduating students from other provinces coming to Guangdong in search for jobs, the army of young job seekers in the province will top 500,000 this year .

To rub salt into the wound the demand for graduates has dipped by 20%, as companies are trying to limit their labor costs in the wake of the economic slowdown. The unfortunate figures mean that all their efforts to hunt down a job could prove to be fruitless.

(A graduate student in Guangdong)

“Whether you‘re from an urban or rural area, if you‘re unemployed, then you should expect some kind of minimum subsidy from the government. But we graduates are not officially considered to be unemployed. We‘re called people awaiting jobs. I‘m very disturbed by this definition.‖

The employment situation was a top concern during the government‘s political sessions earlier this month. Officials acknowledged that hiring prospects in China are grave, and a slew of measures have been announced in the hope of relieving the situation. A total of 7.1 million college graduates will chase jobs this year, including 1 million who failed to secure employment last year.

Task Two: New Y ear, New Job

(Tracy) If you look at any list of New Y ear‘s resolutions, you wouldn‘t be surprised to see

“Find a better job‖ right at the top. V era Gibbons of Kiplinger‘s personal finance maga zines is here to have some tips to help you get a better job or maybe take on a career change.(V era Gibbons) That‘s right. Good morning, Tracy! Nice to see you.

(Tracy) Nice to see you, too. Happy new year.

(V era Gibbons) The same to you.

(Tracy) Start the new year, start looking for a new job, it‘s amazing. How many people are actually doing that?

(V era Gibbons) Y es, one survey finds that 75% of American workers plan to look for a new

job this year. They‘re unhappy with the pay, they‘re unhappy with the situational they work, they want new challenges since there‘s no room for advancement with their current employer, so a lot of people are going to be out there looking for work. This is a time of the year where we‘re more inclined to take the bull by th e horns, take the initiative to go out there and find a good job… (Tracy) Resolution thing.

(V era Gibbons) Y es.

(Tracy) Is there a good time to go about doing this?

(V era Gibbons) Well, opportunities pop up all the year along, but, yes, the heaviest of hiring does take place in the beginning of the year: they fire at the end of the year and they hire in the new. (Tracy) They fire for Christmas. So if you think about doing, you really should get out there now. (V era Gibbons) Get out there now, and get the ball rolling, yes.

(Tracy) What about the job market in 2007? What does it look like?

(V era Gibbons) It is softening a little bit, job growth is a little slowing down some because of the contraction in housing and auto-sell sector, but that‘s been offset a bit by the service sector. These companies are high in the service industry. We‘re actually expecting 1.3 million jobs be created this year, and once a writer by Career Role Builder actually found that 40% of employers will be hiring full-time employees t his year, so it‘s not a bad time, it‘s not great, it‘s, it‘s OK.

(Tracy) OK, so if you‘re ready take the plunge, if you want to get out there, you have some tips, No. 1 is ―Do some soul searching‖.

(V era Gibbons) Y es, I just think in order to get out a jo b that isn‘t going anywhere career, that‘s gonna drift, you really need to sit down and be proactive here. Y ou can‘t be reactive, you have to be proactive. Motivation is really the key to make any changes in your personal life.

People may sit back and say: well, getting a paycheck and benefits are good, why rock the boat? Here‘s the thing: we‘re spending half of our life in workplace. If you‘re unhappy, do some soul searching, figure out where you are, where you would like to go.

(Tracy) And part of tha t, as you say, is ―Prioritize your options‖, what do you mean?

(V era Gibbons) Y eah, I mean write down five to ten things that are important to you in your job and career, maybe you want a better work-life bounce, a more flexible schedule, whatever that happens to be, take a look at what makes you happy, what makes you unhappy, take a look at your goals, your dreams, your aspirations and then put together a plan to actually reach those goals because you are more inclined to get there if you have a plan in place.

(Tracy) Good idea, you can actually write this all out. Also when you go out there for the job search, you gotta have the resume, so you say ―Make the resume stand out‖.

(V era Gibbons) Y eah, you know, with the employees only spend about 10 seconds looking at your resume…

(Tracy) Ten seconds?

(V era Gibbons) Y eah, and get this on average, for every 245 resumes, they get the interview.

One person per 245 resume, so it‘s very competitive. Y ou need to have your resume stand out, Keep it thin, keep it short, keep it to the point, focus on your measurable accomplishments. And because you‘ll be looking for different jobs, you should be highlighting different skills different experiences that may be relevant for one position and may not be relevant for another, so you wanna highlight different ones, have several different versions of resumes all ready to go, then get out there, do the networking.

(Tracy) Ok, just briefly, you say do not look online, you need to hand this out, hand out to your friends, do lots of networking.

(V era Gibbons) A lot of networking , that‘s the key.

(Tracy) V era Gibbons, thanks.

(V era Gibbons) Thanks.

Task Three: Laid-off Workers in China

In over two decades of opening up, China has gradually reformed into a market economy.

One major move was to restructure the large state-owned enterprises (SOEs ). Some practices were successful and benefited many. But on the other side of the coin, several companies lost their competitiveness, and had to lay off workers in order to survive. In today‘s Working Asia,

Zou Y ue brings us a story about laid-off workers.

Everyday they walk into the factory to work, but now they have to worry about their jobs. For the 4 thousand workers at the state-owned Wuhan Boiler Factory, the country‘s reform drive has meant new challenges.

35-year-old Ma Ling worked in this factory for 15 years. But in 2002, she lost her job, something she found hard to accept.

(Ma Ling)

“It was such a blow. I never imagined that I would get the sack (被解雇). It was such a big factory and I was so young. How could that happen? My confidence was totally destroyed at the time.‖

Ma Ling‘s life depended on the factory. Her parents, her brother and her own husband have worked there all their lives. The change has led to worries about the future. In the days of a planned economy, SOEs offered life-long benefits for workers, from housing and medical care to pensions and insurance. But since 1998, about 30 million employees in China have lost their jobs and also the benefits that went with them, due to either downsizing or bankruptcy .

(Zou Y ue)

“For workers laid off by China‘s SOEs, it has not been easy adapting to the industrial reshuffle （改组）. But decades of market reform have made Chinese workers realize the importance of finding a way out on their own. For many, it has become a part of their life.‖

Like her colleagues, Ma Ling struggled to find other work. Six months after Ma Ling got the axe (get the sack), she found a position she found embarrassing for an experienced electrician--workshop garbage cleaner.

(Ma Ling)

“Although the job was dirty and tiring, I had to take it. After all the losses, I was glad for the chance. It means eve rything to me.‖

But between 2000 and 2002, the factory continued to lose money, and had to lay off half its staff. Those who stayed faced tougher competition to stay in their positions. After losing their iron rice bowl (铁饭碗), they are now walking an economic tight rope. To make matters worse, the enterprise was having a hard time feeding its 3 thousand retirees. The managers found it was no easy job trying to make ends meet.

(Chen Helin, deputy general manager of Wuhan Boiler Group)

“We have to make the laid off employees understand that they have to change their mind set. Survival of the fittest (适者生存) is our rule. While we have tried our best to accommodate the employees, the workers have to find their own way o f life if possible.‖

The factory tried to make things easier by restructuring (调整，改组) its remaining workforce on the one hand, while leasing some of its street front houses for the jobless to run small businesses,

like this shopping fa?ade (正面) . But there simply is not enough for everyone.

(Xu Liangjun, deputy director of Wuhan Reemployment Work Office)

“As an old industrial city, there is a large gap between job opportunities and demand. Since 1998, over 500 thousand workers have become jobless in this city of 7 million people. We can only hope the local economy picks up to provide more jobs for them.‖

Ma Ling was lucky to later get promoted again, but at the same time two of her colleagues got laid off. The reform has changed the lives of many, who have had to adapt to the reality of a new economic environment.

Not only laid-off workers need to find jobs, tens of thousands of Chinese graduates also want to find them as well. About ten years ago, the Chinese government stopped the practice of assigning jobs to college graduates. Now, they have to face their first employment challenges on their own. Part ⅣFurther D evelopment

20%of Graduates Are Jobless

Urban unemployment might be low, but recent college graduates are having a tough time getting a job. A recent blue paper issued by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences says that one out of every five graduates is unable to find work.

All these college students and recent graduates crowding into the Beijing Expo Center have just one goal: to find themselves a job. One that pays well, has a good reputation, and matches their major if that exists.

Water Zhu graduated last June with a degree in computer technology. He moved to Beijing from Inner Mongolia to improve his prospects. This is his eighth job fair.

(Water Zhu)

“Competition is so high, so it‘s very hard. They want to hire the best, an d not everyone is the best—o of course it‘s quite difficult.‖

The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences reports that in 2006, 4.13 million students graduated in China. Last year, it was 4.95 million. This year, 5.5 million additional graduates will be looking for work. About 20% of the graduates last year failed to find a job. Those they did may have to settle for salaries lower than they expected, in jobs they didn‘t‘ train for.

Graduates can‘t find work—but companies say they can‘t find people to hire. Ev en here at this crowded fair, these recruiters say very few people actually spoke to them to ask about jobs—and that‘s not what they‘re looking for.

(Robert Norrie, V olk Uniontech)

“We‘re looking for somebody who is really confident, who has an out-going personality‖

(Wu Hai, L.A.D. Industries)

“Building confidence is important. Universities should focus more on this – many students have very little opportunity to present themselves.‖

Experts say the Chinese university system churns out graduates who have a lot of theoretical knowledge, but not very much practical knowledge for today‘s workplace.

But universities are struggling too, as enrollment numbers keep surging. This year, almost 6 million students will enter university—a five percent increase from last year.

(Zeng Xiangquan, Dean of School of Labor & Human Resources of Renmin University) “Higher enrollment means universities sometimes cannot keep up—they can‘t meet the demands and provide sufficient resources for all of the students.‖

The government is trying to ease pressures too—at the beginning of this year the China Employment Promotion Law went into effect to ban hiring discrimination and help graduates who take jobs outside of the big cities. But that still doesn‘t address what some see as the biggest challenge: teaching students to function in a workplace.

Today‘s graduates need what are called soft skills: communication, teamwork, and the ability to work on projects.

And a survey by job search website https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2e16874561.html, found that the majority of recruiters want graduates who have work experience.

Its human resources consultant has this advice: Don‘t hold out for an impossible ideal. Take any

offer you can get, and just start working.

(Jim Hao, Consultant of https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2e16874561.html,)

“Get a job. Whatever, first. And to know yourself and your environment step by step until you gradually get a clearer picture of yourself—your interest, your ability, and your environment. Which industry is the most suitable for you?‖

That‘s exactly what graduate Wate r Zhu is doing. He‘s found temporary work at a stock brokerage, while he keeps searching for jobs in the computer industry. He says despite the competition, what‘s important isn‘t landing the dream job—it‘s figuring out how to get there. (Water Zhu)

“It‘s only during the job search that I began to realize what I‘m capable of. That has actually been the most useful thing—to understand myself better and set goals for my future.‖

练习答案

Unit Two Job Hunting

Task One: Graduates feel market squeeze

1. Choose the best answer: 1) A2) C 3) D 4) C 5). B

2. Spot Dictation: 1) applications 2) in extreme cases 3) resumes 4) top the list, 5) small private 6) favored 7) interns 8) probation period

9) contract 10) low-value positions

Task Two: New year, new job.

1. Choose the best answer: 1) B 2) D 3) A4) A5) D

Task Three: Bring you finger into the store

1. True or false: 1) T 2)T 3) F 4) F 5) T

2. Spot Dictation: 1) opening up 2) market economy 3) state-owned enterprises (SOEs).

4) competitiveness 5) lay off 6) planned economy

7) medical care 8) pensions 9) downsizing 10) bankruptcy

Unit 3

Disasters

Part ⅠV iew, Listen and S peak

Task One: Snowstorm

Snow continues to fall in many parts of China. Flights have been cancelled and roads have been closed, stranding passengers and vehicles. The Xinjiang-Tibet highway has been partially reopened after it was blocked for nearly 80 hours. Local police have rescued 85 stranded people.

A large scale blizzard hit Ali Prairie in Tibet Autonomous Region on Friday morning, forcing sections of Xinzang Highway linking Xinjiang and Tibet to close, and stranding vehicles and passengers. Soldiers from the Chinese People‘s Armed Police Force, worked for 48 hours to clear the road with snow machines. A section of highway in Tibet Autonomous Region was finally reopened on Sunday evening. So far 85 stranded passengers and 25 vehicles have been rescued. Heavy snow has affected more than one million people in eastern China‘s Anhui Province, causing an economic loss of 210 million yuan, or 29 million US dollars. In the Dabieshan mountains, four power transmission towers were brought down by thick ice. Nearly 400 workers are repairing the towers, which are part of a major cable network sending electricity from the Three Gorges Project to Shanghai. The repair work is expected to last eight days. In Guangzhou, south China, more than five thousand passengers have been stranded at the airport. In southwest China‘s

Guizhou province, hundreds of vehicles were trapped on snow-covered roads.

The State Meteorological Bureau also issued warnings for upcoming snowfalls in southwest and central China over the next few days.

Task Two: Cyclone

Governments around the world are stepping forward to help cyclone ravaged Myanmar. Aid began to trickle into the country late on Tuesday. In the Irrawaddy delta, the worst hit area where nearly 22,000 people perished, the situation is critical.

Four days of heavy winds, floods and high tidal surges have cut off the densely-populated Irrawaddy delta from the rest of the world. With more than 40,000 still missing and as many as one million left homeless, the international community is struggling to get aid to those in need. The U.N.‘s World Food Program is distributing aid in damaged areas of Y angon, where 800 tons of food had arrived. But the WFP says the worst-hit coastal areas are out of reach for aid workers due to flooding and road damage. The European Union has launched a primary fast-track decision to provide emergency relief for Myanmar amounting to two million euros.

In China, the foreign ministry says one million US dollars worth of aid will be provided.

(Qin Gang, Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesman )

“China and Myanmar are friendly neighboring countries. In order to help the Myanmar people rebuild their home the Chinese government has decided to provide one million US dollars of emergency aid to the Myanmar government, including cash and materials.‖

At the US State Department, spokesman Sean McCormack says members of a disaster assistance response team were standing by. He says they could get to Myanmar ―very quic kly,‖ once permission is given to enter the country.

India has already dispatched two naval ships to Y angon, carrying food, blankets, clothing and medicine. Neighboring Thailand has delivered the first shipment of emergency supplies to

Myanmar. The Thai government has approved an overall aid package of 100 thousand US dollars. Task Three: Earthquake

Premier Wen Jiabao has chaired a State Council meeting on rescue operations. While traveling by train on Thursday, he acknowledged that the relief work is a significant task, with implications for China nationwide. He also stressed that success, depends on the efforts of the entire country.

Thursday was the fourth day after the 7.8-magnitude earthquake struck Wenchuan. Premier Wen Jiabao held a meeting of the State Council rescue headquarters on Thursday night. He said Monday‘s earthquake was the most destructive tremor and had the most wide-spread impact since New China‘s founding in 1949. He called on all people of the countr y to combat the effects of the disaster. He praised rescue efforts over the past 80 hours, calling them effective and orderly. He said the country has focused its resources on saving lives and disaster relief work for victims, saying the quick response helped reduce casualties to the greatest extent possible.

The premier stressed that saving lives remains the top priority, as long as hopes for survival still exist. He said the government will continue to stick to its ―people-fir st‖ policy in its future rescue operations and reconstruction works. He warned relevant authorities to pay special attentions to the prevention of an outbreak of disease. He said supplies of food, medicines, and tents must be ensured.

As water is becoming a more and more urgent issue in the disaster-hit areas, the meeting also decided to form a new water resources work group. The group is in charge with the safety of reservoirs, problems caused by the altered course of the rivers in the quake areas, as well as drinking water and water supplies.

Part ⅢFurther D evelopment

Teacher Sacrifices Life to Rescue Students

Many teachers love their students, just as parents love their children. And this is especially proved by some touching stories emerged during the devastating earthquake. For instance, a middle school teacher in Sichuan province lost his life while trying to rescue two of his students. Let‘s take a look.

This used to be a middle school in Huaiyuan County. But the four-storey building has crumbled into debris.

In the playground beside it, 16-year-old Wu Nan, the son of English teacher Wu Zhonghong has been waiting for several days.

(Wu Nan, son of Wu Zhonghong)

“I really hope my father can walk out from here. My mom and I come here to have a look everyday. We hope the three of us c an live happily together. Life like that is beautiful.‖

(Song Daiqun, Wife of Wu Zhonghong)

“We were having lunch together at noon. He said the first class in the afternoon was his. I let him go and said ―I‘ll take care of the housework, I‘ll wash the dishes‖.

When the massive earthquake struck on Monday, Wu Zhonghong was teaching a class. He immediately organized the four classes with 700 students to evacuate. But he returned when hearing there were still two students left upstairs. At that moment, the building collapsed. WuZhonghong and the two students disappeared in the debris.

(Bai Y anli, one student)

“It become very crowded down to the third floor and two students didn‘t dare to come down.

It was unexpected that they would never come down.‖

(One teacher of Huaiyuan Middle School)

“Other teachers who were on the fourth floor, on the stairs, all had to rush down out of the building at that time. We all survived. If he only thought about himself at that moment, he also would have survived. But what he ca red about was the students.‖700 students were safe and their teachers survived. Only Wu Zhonghong was buried in the ruins.

(One resident of Huaiyuan County)

“In fact, he is only an English teacher, not the teacher in charge of a class. His sense of respons ibility was so strong that it completely touched us.‖

His father is gone. Although Wu Nan is grieving, he is being strong.

(Wu Nan)

“My father has left us, but my mom is still alive. As the only man in my home, I‘ll take responsibility an d take good care of my mother. I will never let her be sad again.‖

练习答案

Unit Three Disasters

Exercise

1. 1) B 2) D 3) C 4)B 5) C

2. 1) cancelled 2) partially 3) blocked 4) rescued 5) forcing

6) Soldiers 7) machines 8) reopened

9) 85 stranded passengers and 25 vehicles have been rescued

10) causing an economic loss of 210 million yuan, or 29 million US dollars.

Task

Exercise

1. 1) C 2) D 3) B 4)A5) D

2. (略)

Task

1. 1) D 2) B 3) C 4)B 5) A

2. 1) chaired 2) rescue 3) significant 4) nationwide 5) success 6) entire 7) struck 8) destructive 9) had the most wide-spread impact

10) He praised rescue efforts over the past 80 hours, calling them effective and orderly.

Unit 4

Water Problems

Part ⅡV iew, Listen and S peak

Task One: Water Supply Suspension in Taizhou, Zhejiang

Meanwhile continuous rain has lifted reservoirs‘ water level in South China‘s Taizhou, Zhejiang Province. Most reservoirs, including the largest Changtan reservoir of Taizhou, passed the alarm level.

High water pressure burst a pipeline on Sunday which caused a water supply suspension in Taizhou. The water shortage was resolved Tuesday afternoon but the crisis is still causing concern for local citizens.

Last Sunday night, a main water supply pipeline at the Changtan Reservoir burst. 7000 cubic meters of water was wasted hourly. The water supply in many areas was suspended.

(Y an Chuanhua, Head of Changtan reservoir)

“Changtan reservoir‘s water line has reached nearl y 35 meters, which surpasses the alarm line. The pipelines have been used for more than 15 years. Now we are trying to replace the broken pipeline as soon as possible.‖

After the pipeline burst, rescue teams made great efforts to make a replacement. Meanwhile, water supply downtown was severed. More than 300 thousand people lacked drinking water. The local government adopted various methods to guarantee people‘s basic requirements.

Taizhou firehouse sent out fire engine filled with clean water to communities and hospitals. Officials dispatched water 4 to 5 times a day. Schools took measures to tackle water shortages. The Headmaster of the Huangyan Experimental Middle School says they started using their back-up water facility right after the water suspension.

(Kong Qingzhou, Huangyan Experimental Middle School)

“I asked all teachers to tell their students to save water as much as possible.‖

In Jiufeng Park, a one thousand year old well serviced hundreds of people. A sense of

urgency overwhelmed the crowd as people competed with their barrels, buckets and water bottles for the precious water.

(Mrs. Zhao, Citizen)

“In the past only 10 people get water from here.‖

Older people are going to the front of the line when it comes to water. This lady surnamed Wang,

is in her 70s, and in only 2 hours‘ time she was able to get a whole tricycle of water.

(Lady Wang)

I bring all the barrels in my home to here to get the water.

Luckily the crisis was over quickly. On Tuesday afternoon the broken pipeline was replaced and the water supply returned to normal.

Task Two: Water Pollution in China Alarming

The theme of China‘s Water Week Campaign is to secure sustainable development through a strict water management system.

Water pollution in China poses a huge threat to the development of a sustainable water management.

Statistics of a joint report from several Chinese universities show more than one third of the country‘s industrial waste water flows directly into rivers and lakes.

The water environment in most cities around the country is declining.

An official report from the Ministry of Environmental Protection shows among the investigated 131 rivers that flow through cities, 36 are severely contaminated, and nearly 60 others polluted. Since the Songhua River benzene pollution incident in 2005, over 140 pollution cases have been reported.

The Y ellow River, an important water resource for North China, is suffering from serious pollution. Nearly 40 percent of its mainstream has been severely affected.

The country‘s longest river, the Y angtze, is being threatened by a continuous flow of billions of tons of polluted water.

And situation is no better for the Huaihe River, in which the country has invested most. It remains a severely polluted river. Water pollution has resulted in enormous economic losses. Experts point out that water pollution is a joint result of human factors, society and economic development.

Task Three: Agricultural Pollution in Focus

Agricultural pollution is another feature of the first national census on pollution sources. Rather than many people‘s impression, waste water from agriculture and people‘s daily lives greatly exceeds the amount of polluted water produced by urban factories and industries. Untreated waste water running into the river. This has become a common sight in China‘s large rural areas.

As many counties focus much on agricultural production, efforts on environmental protection have long been ignored. Many regions lack basic waste disposal systems, and facilities to treat polluted water.

But the long-term threat is highlighted by the newly released national census on pollution sources. It shows that more than 80% of the country‘s water pollution comes fro m agricultural production and people‘s daily lives. This means water pollution in rural areas is much worse than in urban areas. In terms of chemical pollutants such as nitrogen the same picture. Much of the agricultural pollution comes from farms. Plastic materials used for greenhouses

are not biodegradable (生物所能分解的) . And booming rural enterprises are also devastating the fragile environment. Mine exploration triggered a number of pollution and poisoning cases last year.Environmental protection authorities are determined to pay more attention to rural pollution. (Zhuang Guotai, Official of Ministry of Environmental Protection)

“We should not only focus on environmental problems in the cities and urban industries, but

we also need to focus more on rural environmental problems.‖

The central government has set up a special fund for environmental protection in rural areas. More than 4.5 billion yuan is expected to be spent this year, to deal with rural pollution, and provide technical support.

Some villages in affluent (富裕的) provinces have introduced environmental facilities and methods. Farmers in this Zhejiang village are using flush toilets. Waste water flows to a local water purification center for recycling. Farmers are learning to classify their garbage.

(A farmer)

“I put all the garbage from the kitchen in one pack, and put plastic bottles in another pack for recycling.‖

More effort is needed to set up a complete waste disposal system. And it could be a long-term task to improve the habits of hundreds of million farmers.

Part ⅢFurther D evelopment

What‘s wrong with the Climate?

In the summer of 2007, the Huai River valley experienced its heaviest flooding in over fifty years. The Anhui Flood Control Headquarters opened 9 flood diversion and storage areas in order

to pr otect the 1.2 million people living along the river‘s banks.

The Ni River is one of the diversion rivers分流河道；改道河流；导流for the Huai River. Usually, water flows from the Ni into the Huai. When the Huai is diverting flood water, the sluice gate 水闸leaving from the Ni to the Huai is closed. Thus, water flows from the Huai to the Ni. Liulong Village, located next to the Ni River becomes an indirect diversion area.

After the heavy rain on July 7 and 8, Liulong Village was like a pot full of water.

The flood water came so rapidly that the villagers could only take what they could carry as they were evacuated.

In temporary tents, the villagers tried to continue as normally as possible.

The village entrance is a dividing line between homes and the refugee tent.The villagers‘ flooded homes are inside this line. Every day, some people row a small boat to see whether their houses are still there. Mr. Li went every 2 or 3 days. At this time the streets have become streams, and familiar entrances of their courtyards are now docks.

Villagers are helpless in the face of flooding. They never imagined that extreme climatic events caused by global warming would make them homeless.

In the summer of 2007, villagers beside Dongting Lake weren‘t victims of floods, but something just as destructive hit them. Beginning in late June, they found their rice fields were infested with rats. Stretching a long rope across the field, they were able to drive out large numbers of rats.

In the peanut field, the plants above ground looked fine, but once you pulled on the stalk, all the peanuts at the roots had been eaten. Water melon, pumpkin, sugar cane and corn crops had all been destroyed, including even the lotus seeds grown in water. The rats also destroyed the roots of the willow trees.

The rats are reed 芦苇voles野鼠，鼹鼠，called water mice by the locals. They live in soft soil and lake beaches. In recent years, the Dongting Lake area received little rain, and lake sides were high and dry for much more time than before. The 700,000 acres of beach area around the lake became a suitable home for the rat population.

But in the middle of 2007, heavy rainstorms hit the upper reaches of the Y angtze River, andthe

Dongting Lake beaches were flooded once again. The rats were forced to move out.

A war between man and rodent (啮齿类动物) broke out.

They used every method available including acctacking the rats, trying to flood them out, digging and poisoning them. Man was finally victorious. But the villagers were not sure if the rats would return. Experts warned people that there were still rats remaining on the floating trees and weeds. Extreme weather may trigger a chain reaction.

When one area is hit by floods, another place has a drought. Tongjiang City at the junction

of the Songhua and Heilongjiang Rivers was such a site. 280,000 out of a total of 300,000 acres of crops dried up. In Chenzhou, Hunan, rice fields were punched to the point of cracking.

Jiangxi Province was also experiencing a serious drought. The farmers there set their hopes on drought resistant chemicals and waited for rain. But the rain brought by monsoons had already gone. Could it rain again? However, the typhoons in 2007 didn‘t bring rain but disasters instead.

In Fuzhou, the streets are flooded and violent wind storms are destroying everything in sight. In Zhejiang, an 8 kilometer long and 800 meter-wide tornado toured through Longgang

Township, and destroyed 156 houses. Finally, typhoon Sepat swept over seven provinces in the south, and caused a loss of 10 billion RMB.

But, a later typhoon was no less ferocious. On October 6, the super typhoon Krosa entered the Taiwan Straits at a speed of 15 kilometers per second. It hit Taiwan twice then landed the third time at the junction of Zhejiang and Fujian bringing torrential rains. In Cangnan County, Zhejiang Province, hundreds of people were stranded by floods. It took over 3 hours for soldiers to evacuate the victims. Torrential rains hit Fuzhou, Fujian and Lianjiang. In Daguangban District of Liangjiang, 17million acres of reclaimed land were flooded again.

The growing number of extreme climate events can be ascribed to global warming, and the ultimate responsibility rests squarely with us. By wastefully burning fuels, we‘re sending more and more carbon dioxide into the atmos phere. If we‘re ever to slow, and perhaps even reverse climate change, we must conserve energy and redu ce carbon dioxide emissions. That‘s all for Nature and Science on CCTV international. I‘m Dang Bing, by for now.

练习答案

Unit Four Water Problems

Task One: Water shortages in Y angtze River

1. Spot Dictation

1) water shortages 2) water traffic 3) Y angtze Waterway Bureau 4) stranded

5) second-class warning 6) drought 7) drinking water 8) endangered species Task Two: Water pollution in China alarming

1. Multiple Choices

1) BD 2) ABD 3) CD 4) ACD 5) CD

2. Spot dictation: numbers

1) 131 2) 36 3) 60 4) 140 5) 40

Task Three: Agricultural pollution in focus

Multiple Choices.

1) ABCD 2) ABCD 3) ABD 4) BCD 5) ABCD

Unit 5

Global Warming

Part ⅡV iew, Listen and S peak

Task One: Greenhouse Effect

The ―greenhouse effect‖ is a widely used phrase these days. We all know that it means the general phenomenon of rising temperatures. Today, our world is hotter than it has been for 2000 years. By the end of the century, if current trend continues, the global temperature will be likely to climb higher than at any time in the past 2 Million years.

Firstly we will investigate in detail global warming caused by the greenhouse effect. But before we start, let me fill you in on some basics concerning the greenhouse effect. Solar radiation interacts with the surface of the Earth in several ways. Some portion of this energy is reflected back into space by the earth atmosphere. Another portion is dispersed and scattered by the molecules in the atmosphere and a large portion penetrates the atmosphere to reach the surface of the earth. The radiation reaching the Earth surface is largely absorbed resulting in surface warming. As they leave the earth, and once again interact with the atmosphere. Some of the reradiated energy escapes into space but most of it is reflected back

to the earth surface by molecules in the earth atmosphere. This phenomenon is similar to the warming and cursing of a car that is parked outside on the sunny day. The molecules responsible for this phenomenon are called green house gases. In essence, green house gases act like an insulator or blanket above the earth keeping the heat in. Increasingly concentration of these gases increases atmosphere‘s ability to grow or escape the infrared radiation. In other words, the earth‘s insulator gases get thicker. That is what we called the ―greenhouse effect‖.

Task Two: Climate Change

An environmental studies professor at Stanford University says, ―(Quote) There‘s no way. There‘s anything natural that can explain it.‖ A professor of atmospheric sciences at MIT says,

it‘s part of t he natural warming and cooling a planet goes through. Well, they‘re talking about transitions in the earth‘s temperature, something Carl Azuz now boils down to the basics.

(Carl Azuz)

In a world that‘s always changing, there‘s one thing that many f olks want to stay the same: the temperature. A change of just a couple degrees, can make a world of difference, and not necessarily a good one. The Earth‘s average temperature fluctuates, going through both warming and cooling periods. The last cooling off period was between 1945 and 1975. Since then, though ,things have been steadily heating up. And most scientists point to Arctic ice melting as proof;

something Anderson Cooper saw firsthand.

(Anderson Cooper)

Already in the last 30 years, at least 400,000 square miles of sea ice has melted. That‘s about

the size of Texas and California combined. And as the ice melts it affects sea levels around the world, which impacts tens of millions of people.

(Azuz)

What‘s controversial about climate change is whether people have anything to

do with it.

A change in the Earth‘s orbit or the sun‘s radiation could cause global warming. But so could an increase in greenhouse gases. The Earth needs these gases to maintain a warm, livable environment.

But they contain carbon dioxide, which has increased dramatically over the last couple centuries. This may be due to car emissions, burning fossil fuels, deforestation. Many scientists blame all of it for causing the world to warm up. But is it all just theory, an other planetary ―summer‖ before ―fall‖, or are we headed for severe drought, consuming fires and melted ice caps?

Task Three: Cracks in the Ice

(Carl Azuz)

Hi, I‘m Carl Azuz. However you are watching this edition of CNN Student Ne ws, we‘re glad you are. Thanks for tuning in this Thursday.

(Azuz)

First up, we‘re heading south to Antarctica, where it‘s cold, but apparently not cold enough.

A huge chunk of ice broke away from the continent this week, and some scientists are blaming it on the changing climate. Now, since Antarctica is south of the equator, summer just ended down there. So, this is the time when major events like this are most likely to happen. Emily Chang has more details now on the icy breakup.

(Emily Chang)

Scientists fly over a giant chunk of Antarctic ice as it cracks and collapses. The chunk is enormous, about 7 times the size of Manhattan, 160 square miles. It was part of the Wilkins ice shelf, the biggest on Antarctica yet, scientists say, to fall victim to global warming.

(David V aughn, British Antarctic Survey)

Watching Wilkins ice shelf disappear at the moment, we learn a lot more about how ice responds to climate change.

(Chang)

The ice is just a small fraction of the Antarctic ice sheet, but it broke off well before scientists predicted, a sign they say that climate change might be happening faster than expected.

One expert told us last year.

(Lonnie Thompson, Glaciologist)

I think what we do know is that ice is probably the best sensor of these large scale changes taking place. And in many ways, I think we‘re in uncharted territory.

(Chang)

Ice plays a vital role in cooling the Earth‘s temperature and regulating sea levels. As it‘s lost, the planet gets warmer, sea levels rise and more ice is threatened. A vicious environmental circle!

By the end of the century, many experts project sea levels will rise between 7 and 23 inches, and temperatures could increase by up to 7 degrees Fahrenheit. But some say those estimates are too conservative.

(James Hansen, NASA Climate Scientist)

There are glaciologists now who are getting very worried. But they haven‘t really come out and said what they think.

(Chang)

This part of the Antarctic is warming about five times faster than the rest of the world. Six other ice shelves have been lost entirely, and scientists say the Wilkins shelf could be next.

Part ⅢFurther D evelopment

Urgent Plea over Global Warming

Lakes of melted water on Greenland‘s ice sheet are expanding at a massive rate. Environmental campaigners say greenhouse gases are to be blamed. There is no time to lose to avoid disaster. ―It‘s become very apparent that Greenland is in crisis and we absolutely have to do something meaningful to stop global warming.‖

NASA-funded researcher, Jason Box Says Greenland summer ice melted nearly a third in less than two decades. ―We know the temperatures have gone up but to see this rapid response has been a surprise to the scientific community.‖

The latest survey came as representative of 23 nations met in Greenland for informal talks on how to tackle global warming. There have been deadlocks since Washington pulled out of the UN Kyoto protocol in 2001. Host nation Denmark says the squabbling have to be replaced by action urgently.

练习答案

Unit Five Global Warming

Part Ⅱ. V iew, Listen and Speak

Task One: Greenhouse effect

Exercises: 1) B 2) A 3) D 4) C 5) A

Spot dictation:

(1) reflected (2)dispersed (3)surface (4)interact (5)molecules (6)sunny (7) responsible (8)essence (9)blanket above the Earth keeping the heat in

(10) concentration of these gases increases atmosphere‘s ability to grow or escape the infrared radiation

Questions for discussion:

(1) Solar radiation interacts with the surface of the Earth in several ways. Some portion of this energy is reflected back into space by the earth atmosphere. Another portion is dispersed and scattered by the molecules in the atmosphere and a large portion penetrates the atmosphere to reach the surface of the earth. The radiation reaching the Earth surface is largely absorbed resulting in surface warming. As they leave the earth, and once again interact with the atmosphere. Some of the reradiated energy escaped into space but most of it is reflected back to the earth surface by molecules in the earth atmosphere.

(2) carbon dioxide emitted in human activities

(3) yes. It will reduce the emission of the greenhouse gases.

Task Two: Climate change

Exercises: 1) B 2) A3) C 4) A5) A

Questions:

1) The Earth‘s average temperature fluctuates, going through both warming and cooling periods. What‘s controversial about climate change is whether people have anything to do with it.

2)This is an open question.

3) This is an open question.

Task Three: Cracks in the Ice

Exercises: 1) D 2) C 3) A 4) C 5) A

Spot dictation:

(1) 160 (2) biggest (3) responds (4) expected (5)sensor (6) territory

(7) cooling (8) regulating

(9) the planet gets warmer, sea levels rise and more ice is threatened: a vicious environmental

circle

(10) many experts project sea levels will rise between 7 and 23 inches

Questions for discussion:

These are open questions.

Part Ⅲ. Rock your mind

Pair work:

A: Hi Jim. How are you?

B: Fine. Thanks. What about you?

A: I‘m fine too. The weather is getting hotter and hotter in the summer.

B: Y es, that‘s because the environment has been so badly damaged, such as global warming, the damaged ozone and all the different kinds of pollution.

A: en, But fortunately people have realized all these problems and have taken measures to improve the earth‘s environment.

B: It seems that the USA started to protect the environment ever since 1970. And the USA decided to celebrate Earth Day on April 22nd.

A: Isn’t the World Earth Day also on this day? ？

B: Y es. More and more countries are joining in protecting the environment, so the World Earth Day was fixed for this day.

A: I hope that our environment will become better and better.

Unit 6

City Disease

Part ⅡV iew, Listen and S peak

Task One: Traffic Congestion and Soaring Housing Prices

In this part the program is turned on to the 12th Five-Y ear-Plan that begins in 2011.

And one focus of that is to tackle challeng es during China‘s urbanization.

When cities become larger, how can they also become more livable? Our reporter Wang

Guan joined us here in the studio. He did a bit of research on a problem perhaps few of us can escape today, which is called traffic congestion. So Wang Guan, looks like traffic in big cities is getting worse and seriously compromising our quality of life!

Oh! Y es, James. Few would argue that China, as an emerging economy, needs to sell cars. In fact, it sold more cars than any other country since 2009. This is also the problem. Take Beijing for example, the city where we are living. The city already has more than 4 million vehicles.

And in the first half of this year, nearly two-thousand a day were added to the street. If this trend continues, in 4 years time, the capital will have 7 million cars.

To put the figure into perspective, the maximum capacity for the city‘s urban area is 200-thousand vehicles. In other words, should Beijing‘s first, second a nd third ring roads become congested, they can only accommodate less than a quarter of a million vehicles, let alone seven-million.And it‘s amazing also to find out how OFTEN Beijingers use their vehicles. For example, recently I have did a little bit of research that according to the Beijing

Traffic Research Center, the annual mileage of Beijing residents‘ cars is 15 thousand kilometers, twice the number of Tokyo and 1.5 times than the residents in London. And 40 percent of the times, Beijingers use their cars for trips less than 5 kilometers, which is considered not necessary for taking rides with cars.Let‘s look at Beijing and the other big cities, including many many big cities in China.

But what about China‘s smaller cities, especially its many many towns?

We learned soaring housing prices is a major issue in Chinese second-tier cities. For example, in the first quarter, home prices increased more than 10 percent in cities such as Haikou,

Kunming and Shenzhen, as are shown. Y ou can see right now as shown in yellow. And also in cities including Nanjing, Shantou and Tangshan, the figure reached nearly 20 percent.

The rising real estate price is believed to be associated with a controversial land-bidding system. Now developers who offer the highest price, and possibly with the strongest connections with key local officials, get the land, regardless of their professional track record or credentials.

A report submitted by the NPC standing committee says in 2009, less than 30 percent of the central governments budget for affordable housing was duly spent by local officials.

So the lack of supervision and transparency we see here are believed to be a cause, which

also gives rise to irregular dealings and corruption in other spheres of the society. That includes illegal land-grabbing, cronyism in the workplace, and academic misconduct. All these prevented these second-tier and third-tier Chinese cities from becoming fairer.

Task Two: Difficulties in Buying a House

Special Report: Global Financial Crisis

As the US economy goes into recession Americans are finding it‘s difficult to buy a house.

Real estate agents are having a tough time. Zeng Siwei takes a look at the current US housing market.

John Jameson is the president of a consulting firm in Washington. He can earn more than 700-thousand US dollars a year. Thirteen years ago, John bought a villa in Washington for 250-thousand dollars. But he moved out after he and his wife divorced. Since then, he has been living with his daughter in a rented apartment. John now wants a change. This villa costs nearly 2.5 million dollars. It‘s merely three blocks away from his office.

(John Jameson, Home Buyer)

All makes it the best of Washington. And it‘s got a lot of space. It‘s got back yard, front ya rd, windows on the side, and a lot of bedrooms and a big basement and a nice family area.

John decides to buy the villa and apply for a mortgage from the bank.

(John Jameson, Home Buyer)

“I have a good income from my business. I have a lot of savings and a perfect credit record. So I thought they‘re gonna say, ?No problem, we‘ll give you a loan immediately.‘

That‘s what I thought.‖

But it turns out to be opposite.

(John Jameson, Home Buyer)

“It was what they told me. One, I‘m gonna have to go to see very senior management in the bank. And two, the loan is gonna require a much much larger down payment than just six months ago.‖ A higher down payment is not a big deal for John. But he has to wait longer for the mortgage approval. And that‘s what really m akes him anxious. The banks have their own

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（1）1962 （2）4th （3）1990 （4）1996 2.2 （1）teacher （2）cleaned houses （3）lost （4）visited （5）work （6）his wife （7）in his own words 2.1 a-c-h-f-d-e-g-b 2.2 （1）home （2）country

（3）relatives （4）foreigner （5）speak （6）passed on （7）heat （8）sea （9）happiness 2.2 （1）It was great （2）He's a football player （3）It was really beautiful 2.3 1 3 5 7 10 1.1 （1）a small town （2）1993 （3）XXXX （4）XXXX

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