(共24套)江苏省最新中考英语复习(七上至九下)课本知识点汇总
（共24套238页）江苏省2019年中考英语复习(七
上至九下)课本知识点汇总
7上Units 1-4
基础训练部分
一、记忆训练部分
（一）重点词汇梳理
1 一只MP4 an MP4
2 擅长跑步be good at running
3 享受听音乐enjoy listening to music
4 在周末购物shop at weekends
5 戴眼镜的那个男孩the boy with/wearing glasses
6 观看电视排球赛watch the volleyball matches on TV
7 在开放日on the Open Day
8 开家长会have a parents’ meeting
9 穿白衬衫的那位男士the man in a white shirt
10 电话上听不清某人can’t hear sb well on the phone
11 教我们生物和地理teach us Biology and Geography
12 乘车上学take the bus to school
go to school by bus/on the bus
13 从早上七点营业到晚上五点be open from 7:00a. m. to 5:00p.m.
14 叫醒他wake him up
15 在每周三every Wednesday/on Wednesdays
16 互相聊天chat with each other
17 练习做课外活动practice doing after-school activities
18 去上舞蹈课go to one’s dancing lessons
19 祝我们队好运wish our team good luck
20 做早操do morning exercises
（二）重点句子梳理
1 我是高邮人，但现在我和家人住在扬
州. I come from Gaoyou, but now I live with my family in Yangzhou.
2 那个留着短发的男孩戴着一副眼镜. The boy with short hair wears a pair of
glasses.
3 在她闲暇时间，听音乐使她高兴. In her free time, listening to music makes
her happy.
4 他每天花大约半小时步行上学. It takes him about half an hour to walk
to school every day.
5 该是我们吃早饭的时候了吗？Is it time for us to have breakfast ?
6 这家商店早上七点开门，每天营业12
个小时. The shop opens at 7:00 a.m. and it is open for 12 hours every day.
7 周三下午放学后我弟弟从不训练游
泳. My brother never practises swimming after school on Wednesday afternoon.
8 你们多久进行一次运动？一周三次. How often do you exercise/do exercise?
Three times a week..
9 做早操帮助我们为一天做好准备. Doing morning exercises helps us get
ready for the day.
10 你爸爸每天花多长时间骑车上班？How long does it take your father to go
to work by bike ?
11 一些狗就是不知道如何取乐. Some dogs just don’t know how to have
fun.
12 我住在离学校大约两公里远. I live about two kilometers away from my
school.
13 我希望他的梦想会实现. I hope his dream will come true.
14 那个留着黑色长发的女士教她数学. The women with long black hair teaches her
Maths.
15 我认为在阳光下看书对我们健康没
好处. I don’t think reading in the sun is good for our health..
二、基础练习部分
（一）重点语法强化
一般现在时专项练习（用正确的形式填空）
1 .Simon usually __________（go）to school by bike．He __________（not walk）to school．
2. Millie ________（be）from England and Daniel _________（come）from America．
3. What time _______his mother _______(do) the housework?
4. ________ Mike________( read ) English every day?
5.Who___________( cook) breakfast in your family on Sundays? My father _______(do). 用正确的代词填空
1. Ling Ling is a girl. ______ studies in a primary school. _______ _ brother lives with _____ and helps _______ with________ lessons. ( she )
2. They want a football. Give __________ the green one, please. ( they)
3. _______ is a boy .
________ name is Mike. Mike’s friends like _____ very much. ( he ) 4.
John and I are in the same school. __________go to school together.
5. Everybody likes that sport, do ______?
用正确的介词填空
1. Children in China start to go to school __________ the age of 6.
2. Our teacher gets lots of presents and flowers __________ Teachers’ Day.
3. Sandy was born __________ July and my birthday is ___________ June 1.
4. There is a fashion show ___________ the evening of November 3rd.
5. _____ a cold night, people found the little girl died at the corner with some matches in her hand.
7上Units 1-3 综合训练部分
一、单项选择
( ) 1. Mother says I shouldn't eat ___________ meat because I am ___________ fat.
A. much too, too much
B. too many, much too
C. too much, much too
D. too much, many too
( ) 2. Which of the following words has different pronunciation?
A. head
B. great
C. heavy
D. breakfast
( ) 3. __________ do you go to the Reading Club a week?
A. How often
B. How soon
C. How far
D. How many times ( ) 4. It’s time __________ us __________ lessons.
A. to us, for having
B. for us, to have
C. for us, having
D. to, to have
( ) 5. There is ________ ‘u’ and ________‘s’ in the word ‘music’.
A. an, an
B. a, an
C. an, a
D. a, a
( ) 6.–What’s in your car? -- _______.
A. No one
B. Nothing
C. Nobody
D. None ( ) 7. –In which class is _________ boy in white? --He’s in Class 4.
A. the
B. an
C. an
D. /
( ) 8. ---- The reading room ______ from 9a.m. to 5p.m.
---- It’s 4 p.m. now, but the door ______.
A. is open, is closed
B. closes, opens
C. opens, is open
D. is open, close
二、词汇运用
1. One of them ___________ (not be) Chinese. She is American.
2. Can you tell me the ________ / ‘ri:zn z / why you like reading and why you don’t like football.
3. Tommy would like to go on ___________ (野餐) with his family at the weekend.
4. Good l___________ to you! I hope you can pass the driving test.
5. How much time do you spend doing after-school ___________(活动) every day?
6. --Are the _____________ (图书馆) big and nice? --Yes.
7. He with his friends f____________ kites on Sundays.
8. The _________ names are Liu Shishi and Hu Ge.(偶像)
9. My favorite subject is___________(地理).
10. My hometown is about 80 kilometers __________(远离) from Yangzhou.
三、翻译句子（4-5题）
1. 那个穿红色连衣裙的女孩擅长跳舞吗？
________________________________________________________________
2. 他们下周来我们学校时让我带他们参观我们现代化的阅览室.
_________________________________________________________________
3. 放学后在图书馆里和我最好的朋友读书让我感觉真的好极了.
___________________________________________________________________
4. 做早操帮我很好地开始一天.
_________________________________________________________________
5. 本周末，我希望我哥哥能和我一起去野炊.
__________________________________________________________________
四、语篇训练
1.完形填空
Once there was a woman whose only son had died. In her sorrow(悲哀, 悲痛) she went to ask a wise man 1 there was a way to bring her son back to life. “Bring me a mustard seed (芥菜籽) from a home that has never known sorrow. I will use it to help you,” he said to her, 2_ sending her away or trying to persuade her that there was hope.
At once she 3 to look for that mustard seed. The first 4 she came to was a huge building. Knocking on the door, she said, “I’m 5 a house that has never known suffering. Is this the place? It’s very 6 to me.”
“You have come to the 7 place,” they told her, and began to pour out all the sad things that had happened to 8 .
“Who is better able to share the sadness these poor people have suffered than I, who have experienced sadness?”she thought. 9 she stayed there and comforted them 10 setting off again to look for a house that had never known sorrow.
The woman went on, full of 11 , and came across a 12 on the road. She asked the farmer the same question, but unluckily he also said no.
Wherever she went, from huts(茅屋) to huge buildings, there was no one without tales of 13 . She came t o be so 14 listening to other people’s sad stories that she 15 about looking for the mustard seed. Listening to the sorrow of others had driven the sorrow from her own heart.
( ) 1. A. that B. whether C. because D. where ( ) 2. A. proud of B. because of C. full of D. instead of
( ) 3. A. set off B. took off C. put off D. went off
( ) 4. A. expression B. memory C. place D. chance
( ) 5. A. caring for B. looking for C. paying for
D. leaving for
( ) 6. A. important B. strange C. fair D. common ( ) 7. A. different B. right C. wrong D. certain
( ) 8. A. it B. them C. him D. her
( ) 9. A. However B. While C. Though D. So ( ) 10. A. unless B. after C. before D. until
( ) 11. A. hope B. pleasure C. regret D. fear ( ) 12. A. factory B. palace C. sign D. hut ( ) 13. A. happiness B. endings C. sadness D. promises ( ) 14. A. disappointed B. busy C. happy D. free ( ) 15. A. forgot B. cared C. worried D. found
2.任务型阅读
The most important factor(因素) that leads to success is what you do every single day. Your habits will decide whether you are successful or not. If you have strong and healthy positive habits, it does not matter whether or not you fail today because you will succeed in the long term. Having positive habits does not mean that you will succeed every si ngle time. However, in the long term, there is no doubt that you will achieve all your goals and be successful. On the other hand, if you have strong negative habits, you will fail in the long term. It does not matter whether
you succeed today or not.
Why are habits so important?
A single positive action will not change your life, but the same action repeated 1,000 times will have a great effect on your life. For example, if you go to the gym one time, you won’t see a big difference in your life. However, if your go to the gym 1,000 time over a five-year period, you will see a big difference in your body. The same principle(原则) is true of finance (金融), health, relationships, work, career, and school. Simple positive actions repeated every single day will have a great effect on your life in the long run.
How to develop positive habits?
There’s nothing easier than developing p ositive habits. You simply have to do every single day the action you want to make a habit. If you want to develop the habit of running, run almost every day. If you want to develop the habit of reading, read every day. Habits are created by repetition(重复). The more you do an action. the easier it becomes in the long run.
How to get rid of negative habits?
The only way to destroy negative habits is to stop reinforcing(加强) them. If you are a smoker, stop smoking. If you are a drug user, stop using drugs. Yes, it will b e very difficult at the beginning. The first week will be very hard. After three weeks, you will feel a lot better. It’s hard to get rid of negative habits because you got a lo t of pleasure from these habits in the past.
You can do it!
Everybody can change. All it takes is courage and determination. Decide right now to improve your life by changing your habits. Take action right now! Don’t be afraid. Yes, you will probably make mistakes along the way. But never forget that success is waiting for you if you have positive habits in your life. If you refuse to give up, success will be yours.
Title：Habits and success
Brief (1) Whether you are successful or not is 1 by your habits.
introduction (2)Positive habits ___2 to success in the long term while having negative habits means the opposite.
Supporting details Why are habits so
important?
(3) 3__ your life won’t be changed by a single
positive action, the same actions and behaviors
repeated many times will __4______life gr eat ly.
(4)_____5 finance, this principle can also be
used in health, relationships, work, career, and
school.
How to develop
positive habits?
It’s very _6__ to develop positive habits.
Habits are formed if they are __7 .
How to get rid of
negative habits?
Only by _8___ reinforcing negative habits can
we get rid of them.
You call do it!
It takes 9 __ and determination to change.
____10___ right now, for success is waiting for
you!
7上Units 1-3 综合训练部分参考答案
一、单项选择
1—5 CBDBB 6—8 BAA
二、词汇运用
1. isn’t
2. reasons
3. picnics
4. luck
5. activities
6. libraries
7. flies
8. heroes’
9. Geography 10. away
三、翻译句子（4-5题）
1. Is the girl in/wearing a red dress good at dancing ?
2. Let me show them around our modern reading room when they come to our school
next week.
3. Reading books in the library with my best fri end makes me feel really great after school.
4. Doing morning exercises helps me start a day well.
5. I hope my brother can go on a picnic with me this weekend.
四、语篇训练
1.完形填空
1-5 BDACB 6-10 ACBDC 11-15 ADCBA
2.任务型阅读
1. decided
2. lead
3. Though/Although
4. affect
5. Besides
6. easy
7. repeated
8. stopping
9. courage 10. Act 8下Units 3-4 基
础训练部分
一、记忆训练部分（一）重点词汇梳理
1 搜索信息search for information
2 辛苦工作一天后after a hard day’s work
3 ......到此为止so much for sth.
4 梦想；想像dream of/about
5 订票和旅馆book tickets and hotels
6 因......而出名be famous for
7 作为......而出名be famous as
8 实现某人的梦想realize one’s dream
9 带某人去某地take sb. to sp.
10 由......组成be made up of
11 处理，对付do with
12 在某人的空闲时间里in one’s spare time
13 继续做某事continue doing sth.
14 准时on time
15 拒绝做某事refuse to do sth.
16 给某人信心give sb. confidence
17 给某人提关于......的建议give sb. advice on
18 跌倒fell over
19 设法做成某事manage to do sth.
20 到目前为止so far
（二）重点句子梳理
1 你通常用电脑做什么？What do you usually use the computer for?
2 你以前用过这个吗？Have you used this before?
3 看巨大的玻璃球划破夜幕降
落下来，真令人兴奋. It’s exciting to see the huge glass ball falling through the darkness.
4 自从20世纪早期以来，它便
以剧院闻名. It has been famous for its theatres since the early twentieth century.
5 请你演示一下如何开始这次
在线旅行，行吗？Would you mind showing me how to start the online tour?
6 你已经决定如何处理这些书
了吗？
Have you decided what to do with these books?
7 我得用他们来够冰箱上面的
盒子.
I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge.
8 他和我的小手指一样大. He was the same size as my little finger.
9 我试着挣脱一只手，最后终
于弄断了绳子. I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes.
10 丹尼尔自学用电脑绘图. Daniel taught himself how to use a computer to
draw.
11 我每周花七个多小时读不同
类型的书. I spend over seven hours a week reading different types of books.
12 它们也为我开启全新的世They also open up a whole new world to me.
界.
二、基础练习部分（一）重点语法强化
区分完成时和一般过去时的专项练习（适当形式填空）
1. Linda __________(send) an email to me just now.
2. Daniel __________(just send) me an email.
3. Ron __________(live) here since he __________(get) married.
4. - __________Nancy __________(return) the book to you?
- Not yet, but she __________(bring) it here tomorrow.
5. - Tom __________(already finish) his design.
- When __________he __________(start) to do it? - Last Friday.
8下Units 3-4 综合训练部分
一、单项选择
( ) 1. He ________a worker in a factory, but he________ a pop star two years ago.
A. used to be; has become
B. used to be; became
C. was used to be; becomes
D. was used to being; has become ( ) 2.—He is _______ in class and has _________ for two hour.
—He is so tired these days preparing for the mid-term exam.
A. asleep ; sleeping
B. sleep; sleeping
C. slept; asleep
D. sleeping; been asleep
( ) 3. Jackson ______school two years ago and he _______for two years.
A. leaves; has gone
B. left; has been away
C. leaves; has been away
D. left; has gone
( ) 4. —Do you mind my smoking here?
—___________.Look at the sign. It says, “No smoking”.
A. You’d better not.
B. It doesn’t matter
C. Yes, please
D. No, I don’t
( ) 5. Although _________my ideas, he didn’t come up with his own.
A. against
B. on
C. for
D. in
( ) 6. Aren’t you tired ___ do ing the same work all the year round?
A. of
B. with
C. from
D. across
( ) 7. Jack didn’t tell the truth but his mother ____
A. found it out
B. found it
C. found out it
D. find it out ( ) 8. There’s no difference between the two twins, I really don’t know________.
A. what to choose
B. which to choose
C. to choose which
D. to choose what
二、词汇运用
1. My parents don’t a_________（准许）me to hang out with my friends.
2.Doctors say too much pressure is not good for a child’s d____________（发展）.
3.Can you e__________（解释）to me how to do this maths problem?
4.Do you know the r________（结果）of the football match?
5.If he doesn’t go there, I won’t go__________(也).
6.Could you please ________(wash) your clothes by yourself?
7.Class begins, let’s continue _______(learn) lesson 1.
8.It’s crazy for mothers to keep on _____________(compare) their keys with others.
三、翻译句子
1.你通常用电脑做什么？
2.请你演示一下如何开始这次在线旅行，行吗？
3.你已经决定如何处理这些书了吗？
4.我每周花七个多小时读不同类型的书.
四、语篇训练完形填空 (A)
Peter wondered why he didn’t have many friends. The reason was he was always taking, never giving.
One day Peter told Bill, “I’d like to give a party on Saturday, I’d like you to come and bring Martha, too.” “Thanks, Peter. We’d be happy to come.” “Perhaps you’d like to bring your violin. You and Martha sing well together. I’m
sure everyone will want you to sing for us.” That was how Peter began to plan his party. Next he asked another friend, Betty, to bring a cake. “You make the best cake in the world, Betty, and I like to eat your cake better than have one from the bakery.” Peter invited a few other friends to come to his party. He didn’t forget to ask something from each one of them. He even asked Jim and Mary Jackson to let him give the party at their house! They agreed.
The party was a big success. However, as the guests were leaving, they said “Thank you ” to Bill and Martha for the music, Betty for the cake, the Jacksons for the use of the house and to others for their hard work. To Peter they just said, “ Thanks for the invitation.”
( ) 6.The party was held ________ .
A. at Peter’s house
B. in a large hall
C. at Peter’s friend’s house
D. in a secret place
( ) 7.Which of the following is not true?
A. Betty made the best cake.
B. Mary Jackson sang well.
C. Bill played the violin well.
D. The Jacksons did hard work for
the party.
( ) 8. ________ liked Peter.
A. Many of his friends
B. Few people
C. Everyone
D. All his
friends
( ) 9. Peter ________ to give the party.
A. tried his best
B. did nothing
C. only invited some friends
D. did
everything
( ) 10. From the story, we can see Peter was ________ .
A. a warm-hearted man
B. good at making friends
C. a selfish man
D. a welcomed friend
(B)
It happens to most of us at times as we try to get through our workday. When sitting at work, we suddenly f 1 a bit headache. But don’t worry; there are some simple things that you can do to ease (减轻) a headache at work w 2 medicine.
Drink a bottle of warm water. Many people do not r 3 that the dry air in their working place can be a danger because of the lack (缺少) of water.
Eat a h 4 meal. During a busy day, it is easy to f 5 to eat, have a meal with much protein (蛋白质) which will give you e 6 and quickly get rid of the hunger that is causing the headache. A cup of coffee or a piece of chocolate can be just the thing that you n 7 to ease your headache fast and get back on your way to a great day at work.
Step away from what you are working on for five to ten m 8 . Often, your headache is from your too much attention paid to one thing. This can be a computer screen or even one project. The b__9_ thing would be to go outside for your eyes to get some natural light and f_10 _air.
B) 阅读理解
Good morning, everyone. Welcome to the new Sea Life Centre at Plymouth.
The Sea Life Centre is a really exciting place. There are so many things to see here and everything is exciting. It costs ￡4 for grown-ups, ￡2 for children and less for over sixties and school groups. Children below 1 meter in height are free. It’s open from 9:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. every day except 25th and 26th of December. You can see hourly feeding times for all the different animals and fish, and shows in the sea life theatre. Someone is always there to answer questions about what you see. If you are in a group of six or more people, we can give you a special guide. But you need to arrange this at the information desk when you arrive.
The latest attraction is a big tunnel you can walk through. All around you, you will see fish swimming—sometimes even over your head. You certainly have the clearest view of the undersea world. Children love it and it’s really amazing for grown-ups, too.
When you get tired, there is a family dining room.
That’s all. For more information, phone 01743-564219.
Have a good time! Thank you.
( ) 1. If Mr and Mrs Brown go to visit the Sea Life Centre with their 8-year-old son, how much will the tickets cost?
A. ￡ 6
B. ￡10
C. ￡8
D. ￡12 ( ) 2. Which time is Not the visiting time?
A. 10 o’clock in the morning
B. 12 o’clock at noon.
C. 8:30 in the morning
D. 3:30 in the afternoon. ( ) 3. What can you see in the Sea Life Centre?
A. Feeding animals and fish.
B. Animal shows.
C. A good view of the undersea world.
D. All the above.
( ) 4. What is the tunnel probably made of?
A. Glass.
B. Metal.
C. Trees.
D. Stones.
( ) 5. Which of the following statements is Not true?
A. There is someone ready to answer visitors’ questions in the centre.
B. Both children and grown-ups can have a good time in the centre.
C. There is a place for you to eat something in the centre.
D. The centre is open every day except Sundays.
8下Units 3-4 基础训练部分
二、基础练习部分
（一）重点语法强化
1. sent
2. has just sent
3. has lived, got
4. Has, returned, will bring
5. has already finished, did, start
8下Units 3-4 综合训练部分参考答案
一、单项选择
BDBA AA AB
二、词汇运用
1.allow
2.development
3.explain
4.result
5.either
6.wash
7.learning
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/2f14862440.html,paring
三、翻译句子（4-5题）
1.What do you usually use the computer for?
2.Would you mind showing me how to start the online tour?
3.Have you decided what to do with these books?
4.I spend over seven hours a week reading different types of books.
四、语篇训练
(A)
CBBBC
(B)
1.feel
2.without
3.realize
4.healthy
5.forget
6.energy
7.need
8.minutes
9.best 10.fresh
七上Units 5-8
基础训练部分
一、记忆训练部分
（一）重点词汇梳理
1 装扮，乔装打扮dress up
2 玩得很开心have lots of fun
3 敲门knock on/ at the door
4 捉弄某人play a trick on sb.
5 感谢某人（做）某事thank sb. for sth./ doing sth.
6 作为招待as a treat
7 发现find out
8 太多的糖too much sugar
9 打算去游泳plan to go swimming
10 各种各样的食物all kinds of food
11 对我的牙齿有害be bad for my teeth
12 少于一周三次less than three times a week
13 与……不同be different from
14 试穿，试试看try on
15 考虑think about
16 借给某人某物lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb.
17 由……制成be made of, be made from
18 等候wait for
19 去从事（某项活动或运动），去参加go for sth.
20 适合干fit for
（二）重点句子梳理
1. I want to dress up as a ghost. 我想要打扮成一个鬼的样子.
2. Thank you for telling m e about the Mid-Autumn Festival. 感谢你告诉我有关于中秋节的事.
3. If they do not give us a treat, we play a trick on them. 如果他们不招待我们，我们开他们的玩笑.
4. Who is that girl in a red coat? 那个穿红衣服的女孩是谁？
5. What a ni ce cake! 多么漂亮的一个蛋糕呀！
6. The Spring Festival is an important holiday in China. 春节是在中国是一个重要的节日.
7. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一个苹果使远离医生.
8. Sometimes I feel hungry between meals. 我有时在两餐之间感到饿.
9. I seldom eat cakes or sweets. 我很少吃蛋糕或甜点.
10. We can also buy a few bottles of juice. 我们也可以买几瓶橘子汁.
11. Would you like some vegetables? 你想吃一些蔬菜吗？
12. How much do they cost?/ How much are they? 他们多少钱？
13. I want to buy some presents different from Amy's. 我想买一些不同于Amy的礼物.
14. We are going to show you different styles of clothes. 我们将向你们展示不同
款式的衣服.
15. What do you think of my red gloves? 你觉得我的红手套怎么样？
二、基础练习部分
重点语法强化1
名词专项练习（适当形式填空）
1. We use these ________ to make some ________ juice. (orange)
2. I cut the apple into ________ and share it with my sister every time. (half)
3. The dress is much more expensive than the two ________ (woman)
4. How many ________ does the baby have? (tooth)
5. Would you like some ________ on the plate? (chicken)
重点语法强化2
现在进行时专项练习 (翻译下列句子)
1. 格林一家正在为新年做准备.
_______________________
2. 谁正在公共汽车站台等候？
_______________________ 3. 我的爸爸正躺在沙发上看春节联欢晚会.
__________________________ 4. 他们正在计划一场时装展.
_______________________
七上Units5-8 综合训练部分
一、单项选择
1. ________ important news it is!
A. How an
B. What an
C. How
D. What
2. The girl ________ red trainers ________.
中考必背化学知识点总结归纳
初中化学知识点总结 1、常见元素、原子图化合价口诀 正一氢锂钠钾银铵根；负一氟氯溴碘氢氧根；二价氧钙镁钡锌;三铝四硅五价磷;二三铁、二四碳,二四六硫都齐全;锰有二四六和七，铜汞二价最常见,单质为0永不变;酸根负，一价硝酸根,二价硫酸碳酸根，三价就是磷酸根。 一些常见元素、原子团(根）的化合价 2、初中常见物质的化学式
) 白色沉淀:CａCO3、BaCO3、Mg（OH)2、Al(OH)3、Zn(OH)2、AgＣl、BaSO４(其中仅ＢaＳO４、AｇＣl是不溶于HNO3的白色沉淀)微溶于水：Cａ（OH)２、CａSO４、Aｇ2SO4 3、物质的学名、俗名及化学式 (1）金刚石、石墨:C （2)水银、汞:Hｇ (3)生石灰、氧化钙:CaO （4）干冰（固体二氧化碳）:CO2 （5)）盐酸、氢氯酸:HCｌ (6）亚硫酸：H２SO3 S （７)氢硫酸:H ２ （８）熟石灰、消石灰：Ca（ＯH）2 （９)苛性钠、火碱、烧碱：ＮaOＨ (1０)纯碱、苏打:Nａ2ＣO３碳酸钠晶体、纯碱晶体：Na2ＣO3?10H２O (11)碳酸氢钠、酸式碳酸钠、小苏打：NaＨCＯ３ （１２)胆矾、蓝矾、硫酸铜晶体：CuSO４?5Ｈ2O (13）铜绿、孔雀石:Cｕ２(OH)2CO3(分解生成三种氧化物的物质） (14)甲醇(有毒、误食造成失明甚至死亡):CＨ3OH (15)酒精、乙醇：Ｃ2H5OH (1６)醋酸、乙酸(具有酸的通性）ＣH3COOＨ(CＨ3CＯＯ—醋酸根离子） (17)氨气：NH3(碱性气体) （１8)氨水、一水合氨：NH3?H2Ｏ（为常见的碱，具有碱的通性,是一种不含金 属离子的碱） (１９)亚硝酸钠:NaNO2 (工业用盐、有毒) ４、常见物质的颜色 （1）固体物质颜色 A 、白色固体：氧化钙、氢氧化钙、碳酸钠、碳酸钙、氢氧化钠、五 氧化二磷、白磷、氧化镁、氯酸钾、氯化钾、氯化钠、 Ｂ、黄色固体：硫粉(S） C、红色固体：红磷（P）、氧化铁、铜（Ｃu）、氧化汞(ＨｇＯ) ．５H2O Ｄ、蓝色固体：胆矾CuSＯ ４ E、黑色固体：木炭、石墨、氧化铜、二氧化锰、四氧化三铁、铁粉、 F 、绿色固体:碱式碳酸铜Cu2(OＨ)2CＯ3、锰酸钾K2MnO4 G、紫黑色固体：高锰酸钾 H、无色固体：冰，干冰，金刚石 I 、银白色固体:银、铁、镁、铝、锌等金属。
最新中考英语知识点汇总
最新中考英语知识点汇总中考英语知识点：名词所有格 【速记口诀】 名词所有格，表物是"谁的"。 若为生命词，加"‘s"即可行。 词尾有s，仅把逗号择。 并列名词后，各自和共有。 前者分别加，后者最后加。 若为无生命词，of所有格。 前后须倒置，此是硬规则。 【妙语诠释】
①有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以s结尾，则只加"‘"; ②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时，分别加"‘s"，如果是共有，则只在最后名词加"’s"; ③如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格，这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同，A of B要翻译为B的A. 中考英语知识点：宾语从句用法巧记口诀 【速记口诀】 宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。 一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。 陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if，whether)替; 特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。 二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。
主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意; 主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。 三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。 【妙语诠释】 宾语从句应注意三点： ①引导词，陈述句一般由that引导，这时的that可以省略;一般疑问句则由if或whe-ther引导;而特殊疑问句则由特殊疑问词引导。 ②时态，主句是现在时态，从句可用所需要的任何时态;但如果主句是过去时态，从句时态所表示时间一般往前移一个时间段。 ③语序，宾语从句永远要用陈述句顺序。 中考英语知识点：语法学习口诀 1、最初的简单动词的学习。
来是come，去是go.点头yes，摇头no.再见要用goodbye，谢谢要说thankyou. 2、关于Be的用法：BTH 我用am，你用are，is用在他、她、它，凡是复数都用are.不能错来，不能差。 3、关于冠词的使用：BTH 不见原因(元音)，别施恩(n)。 4、不用冠词的部分情况：BTH 季节、月份、节假日，三餐、球类和星期。 5、以-fe结尾变复数只加s的单词： gulf roof chief serf belief proof handkerchief 海湾边，屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望，谁说他们无信仰，证据写在
九年级文言文知识点梳理
苏教版九年级上册文言文知识点归纳 一、通假字 1蝉则千转不穷“转”通“啭”，鸟婉转地叫. 2窥谷忘反：“反”通“返”，归，还，返回。 3具答之。“具”通“俱”，完全，详尽. 4便要还家。“要”通“邀”，邀请. 5谨食之“食”通“饲”，喂养. 6政通人和，百废具兴“具”同“俱”，全，皆 7属予作文以记之“属”通“嘱”，嘱托 8发闾左者適戍渔阳九百人適通“谪”，“適”通“谪”，因获罪被发配到 很远的地方 9为天下唱“唱”通“倡”，倡导 . 10固以怪之矣“以”通“已”，已经。 11被坚执锐“被”通“披”,穿。 二、古今异义 1一百许里古：用在数词之后，表示约数，相当于“左右、上下、大约 今：常用义为应允，或者，可能。 2鸢飞戾天者古：至，到达今：罪过，乖张 3经纶事务者古：治理，筹划今：政治规律，如“满腹经纶。” 4芳草鲜美，落英缤纷。古：鲜艳美丽。今：食物新鲜，味道好。 5欲穷其林。古：形容词用做动词，穷尽，走到尽头/今：资财缺乏(古时用“贫”) 6阡陌交通，鸡犬相闻。古：交错相通。今：各种运输和邮电事业的总称。 7问所从来。古：从哪里来。今：从过去到现在。 8率妻子邑人来此绝境。 (1)妻子——古：妻子和儿女。今：男子的配偶。 (2)绝境——古：与外界隔绝的地方。今：没有出路的境地。 9无论魏晋。无古：不要说，更不必说。今：连词，表无条件关系的连词。10辞去。古：离开今：跟“来”相反 11不足为外人道也。古：不值得今：不充足，不满 12既出，得其船。古；副词，已经，以后今：既然，后面常与“就”相连
13便扶向路。古：沿着，顺着。今：扶持。 14诣太守，说如此。古：像这样，即进出桃花源的全部情况。今：这样。 15闻之，欣然规往。 闻——古：听说。今：用鼻子嗅规——古：打算。今：规则，成例。 16汪然出涕古：眼泪今：鼻涕，鼻子里分泌的液体. 17则久已病矣古：困苦不堪今：疾病. 18往往而死者相藉也古：处处，到处今：常常 19虽鸡狗不得宁焉古：即使今：虽然，连词. 20以尽吾齿古：年龄今：牙齿. 21谪守巴陵郡古：做州郡的长官今：看护，把守 22增其旧制古：规模今：多指制度 23气象万千古：景象今；多指有关大气变化的现象和规律 24前人之述备矣古：完全，详尽今：准备 25薄暮冥冥古：迫近今：多指不厚的，浅显的 26则有去国怀乡去古：离开今：由某地到某地 国古：国都今：多指国家 27至若春和景明古：日光今：景色、景物、景观 28波澜不惊古：起，动今：指受惊吓 29沙鸥翔集古：栖止，鸟停息在树上今：多指集市、聚集、集合等 30而或长烟一空古：消散今：指天空，某处没有某事物等 31.予尝求古仁人之心古：曾经今：品尝 古：多指思想感情等抽象事物今：多指心脏32微斯人古：无，没有今：细小，小的 33伛偻提携古：搀扶，带领今：多指提拔 34或以为死，或以为亡古义：有的人今义：或者，也许 35号令召三老、豪杰与皆来会计事 豪杰：古义：有声望和有地位的今义：才能出众的人 会计：古义：聚会商议今义：管理财务计算的人 36旦日，卒中往往语往往：古义：处处今义：常常 三、词类活用 1凤烟俱净——净：形容词—动词，消净，散净。 2任意东西——东西：名词—状语，向东或向西。
中考英语必考高频考点汇总
中考英语必考高频考点汇总考点1：语法大全之比较and和or 比较and和or 1) 并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。 2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点： There is no air or water in the moon。 There is no air and no water on the moon。 在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。 典型例题 ---I don't like chicken ___ fish. ---I don't like chicken, ___ I like fish very much。 A. and；and B. and；but C. or；but D. or；and 答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表转折。 判断改错： (错) We will die without air and water。 (错) We can't live without air or water。 (对) We will die without air or water。 (对) We can't live without air and water。 考点2：比较so和such 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副 词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much，little连用，形成固定搭配。 so + adj.such + a(n) + n。 so + adj. + a(n) + n.such + n. (pl。) so + adj. + n. (pl。) such +n. (pl。) so + adj. + n. [不可数]such +n. [不可数] so foolish such a fool
中考知识点总结
中考选择1-7填空9-11知识点总结 一、数与代数 能根据特定的问题查阅资料，找到所需要的公式，并会 代入具体的值进行计算；能通过代数式的适当变形求代 数式的值。 能合理运用整式的概念及其加减运算构造多项式， 进一步解决数学问题。
能够利用判别式说明含有字母系数的一元二次方程 根的情况；能由方程根的情况确定方程中待定系数的取值范围；会用配方法对代数式作简单的变形；能求解有实际背景的方程问题 的交点，解决二次函数与其他知识结合的有关问题。 二、空间与图形 立体图形、视图、展开图 中心投影和平行投影 线段、射线、直线：会用两点之间距离的知识解决有关问题。 角及角平分线 相交线、平行线 比例线段 三角形 等腰三角形和直角三角线 相似三角形
多边形 平行四边形：会用平行四边形的知识解决一些实际问题。 矩形：会用矩形的知识解决一些实际问题。 菱形：会用菱形的知识解决一些实际问题。 正方形：会用正方形的知识解决一些实际问题。 相似多边形 勾股定理及其逆定理 锐角三角函数：能运用三角函数解决与直角三角形有关的简单实 际问题。 解直角三角形：能综合运用直角三角形的性质解决简单的实际问 题。 圆的有关概念 圆周角 垂径定理 切线长 弧长 扇形 圆锥的侧面积和全面积 直线与圆的位置关系。 圆和圆的位置关系 轴对称 平移：能运用平移的知识解决简单的计算问题；运用平移的知识 进行图案设计。 旋转：能运用旋转的知识解决简单的计算问题；运用旋转的知识 进行图案设计。 位似变换
三、统计与概率 平均数、众数、中位数 极差、方差 频数、频率 事件 概率 中考选择1-7填空9-11考查的知识点练习一．绝对值相反数倒数 1.－5的绝对值是 . 2. 1 2 -的相反数是． 3. 1 2 -的绝对值是_________；-2的相反数是； 3 2 -的倒数是___________. 4. 绝对值为4的数是( ). A. ±4 B. 4 C. －4 D. 2 5．－ 3 1 的相反数是( ). A．3 B．－3 C． 3 1 D．－ 3 1 6．3-的倒数是 A．3 B． 1 3 - C．3- D． 1 3 7．5 -的相反数是 A．5 B．5 - C． 1 5 - D． 1 5 8. 如果一个数的倒数是－2，那么这个数是( ). A. 2 1 B. 2 C. －2 D. 2 1 - 9. 下列各组数中是互为相反数的是( ). A. －2与－ 2 1 B. 2 -与2 C. －2与()22- D. －2与38- 10．2的算术平方根是（） A．2 B．2 ± C．4 D．4 ±
初三英语知识点总结
初三英语详细总结 Unit 1 一、知识点 1.Check in : 在旅馆的登记入住。Check out: 在旅馆结账离开。 2.By: ①通过…..方式（途径）。例：I learn English by listening to tapes. ②在…..旁边。例：by the window/the door ③乘坐交通工具例：by bus/car ④在……之前，到……为止。例：by October在10月前 ⑤被例：English is spoken by many people. 3.how与what的区别： how通常对方式或程度提问，意思有：怎么样如何，通常用来做状语、表语。what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问，意思为什么，通常做宾语，主语。 ①How is your summer holiday? It’s OK.(how表示程度做表语) ②How did you travel around the world? I travel by air. ③What do you learn at school? I learn English, math and many other subjects.
①What…think of…? How…like…? ②What…do with…? How…deal with…? ③What…like about…? How…like…? ④What’s the weather like today? How’s the weather today? ⑤What to do? How to do it? e.g. What do you think of this book?=How do you like this book? what I should do with how I should deal with it. What do you like about China?=How do you like China? I don’t know what to do next step?=I don’t know how to do it next step? ㊣What good / bad weather it is today!（weather为不可数名词，其前不能加 a ） ㊣What a fine / bad day it is today! （day为可数名词，其前要加a ） 4. aloud, loud与loudly的用法: 三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。 ①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大, 常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。 如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。
九下文言文知识点归纳
九年级下册第四单元文言文知识点归纳 通假字 1 小惠未徧，民弗从也徧，通“遍”，遍及，普遍。 2 邹忌修八尺有余。有，通“又”，连接整数和零数。 3 徐公来，孰视之。孰，通“熟”，仔细。 4 故患有所不辟也。辟，通“避”，躲避。 5 万钟则不辩礼义而受之。辩通“辨，辨别。 6 所识穷乏者得我与？与，通“欤”，语气词 7 今为所识穷乏者得我而为之。得，通“德”，感激。 8 曾益其所不能。曾，通“增”，增加。 9 衡与虑。衡，通“横”，梗塞，不通顺。 10 入则无法家拂士。拂，通“弼”，辅弼。 11 指通豫南，达于汉阴。指，通“直”，直接。 12 寒暑易节，始一反焉。反，通“返”，往返。 13 甚矣，汝之不惠。惠，通“慧”，聪明，有智慧。 14 河曲智叟亡以应。亡，通“无”，没有。 15 一厝朔东，一厝雍南。厝，通“措”，放置。 16 无陇断焉。陇，通“垄”，高而不相连的山冈。 17 是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。简，通“拣”，挑选。 18 必能裨补阙漏。阙，通“缺”，缺点。 19 尔来二十有一年矣。有，通“又”，连接整数和零数。 20 何时眼前突兀见此屋。见，通“现”，出现。 古今异义词 1 牺牲玉帛，弗敢加也。古义：祭祀用的猪、牛、羊等祭品；今义：为了正义事业献身或放弃损害一方的利益。 2 小大之狱，虽不能察，必以情。狱，古义：案件；今义：指监牢。 情，古义：实情；今义：感情。 3 肉食者鄙，未能远谋。鄙，古义：见识短浅；今义：品性恶劣。 4 衣食所安，弗敢专也。专，古义：独自专有、独占；今义：专心、专一。 5 一鼓作气，再而衰，三而竭。再，古义：两次或第二次；今义：表示行为的重复。 6 可以一战。可以，古义：可以凭借，可以用；今义：表示可能或能够。 7 窥镜自视窥，古义：照；今义：从小孔或缝隙里偷偷看。 8 而复问其妾。复，古义：再、又；今义，往复、重复。 9 今齐地方千里。地方，古义：土地方圆；今义：指某一地区、区域。 10 能面刺寡人之过者。寡人，古义：国君的自称；今义：妇女死了丈夫。 1万钟则不辩礼义而受之。钟，古义：古代的一种量器；今义：计时的器具。 12 非独贤者不是心也。是：古义：代词，这种；今义：判断动词。 13 舜发于畎亩之中，傅说举于版筑之间。发，古义：被任用；今义：发现。举，古义：被举用；今义：举起。 14 管夷吾举于士。士，古义：狱官；今义：军人。 15 征于色，发于声，而后喻。喻，古义：明白、了解；今义：比喻。征，古义：征验、表现；今义：出征。 16 太行、王屋二山，方七百里。方，古义：纵横、面积；今义：方向或或形状。 17 河阳之北。河，古义：黄河；今义：泛指所有河流。 18 曾不能损魁父之丘。曾，古义：竟然，连……都；今义：曾经。 19 投诸渤海之尾。诸，古义：兼词；今义：众，许多。 20 无陇断焉。陇断，古义：山冈高地；今义：把持、独占。 21 此诚危急存亡之秋也。秋，古义：时；今义：一年四季中的一个季节。 22 诚宜开张圣听。开张，古义：扩大；今义：商店开始营业。 23 未尝不叹息痛恨于桓灵也。痛恨，古义：痛心遗憾；今义：深切的憎恨。
人教版中考英语必考知识点总结
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+ do eg :I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）补：a place of interest 名胜 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with 同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you 我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候补：at least 至少 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够……eg : She is able to sing She can sing 补：base on 以…（为）根据 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕……eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心be close to…离…很近 33 be different from……和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的be filled with 充满eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原）将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……
中考语文知识点归纳(完整版)
中考语文知识点归纳（最新完整版） 第一部分：语文知识数字归纳记忆 两种语言类型：口语、书面语。 两种论证方式：立论、驳论。 两种说明语言：平实、生动。 两种说明文类型：事理说明文、事物说明文。 两种环境描写：自然环境描写----烘托人物心情，渲染气氛。社会环境描写-- 交代时代背景。 两种论据形式：事实论据、道理论据。 三种感情色彩：褒义、贬义、中性。 小说三要素：人物（根据能否表现小说主题思想确定主要人物）、情节、环境。议论文三要素：论点、论据、论证。 议论文结构三部分：提出问题（引论）、分析问题（本论）、解决问题（结论）。三种说明顺序：时间、空间、逻辑。 语言运用三原则：简明、连贯、得体。 四种文学体裁：散文、小说、诗歌、戏剧。 四种论证方法：举例、道理、比喻、对比。 句子的四种用途：陈述、疑问、祈使、感叹。 小说情节四部分：开头、发展、高潮、结局。 引号的四种用法：①表引用；②表讽刺或否定；③表特定称谓；④表强调或着重指出。五种表达方式：记叙、说明、议论、描写、抒情。 破折号的五种用法：表注释，表插说，表声音中断、延续，表话题转换，表意思递进。六种逻辑顺序：①总―分；②现象―本质；③原因―结果；④概括―具体; ⑤部分--整
体；⑥主要--次要。 省略号的六种用法：①表内容省略；②表语言断续；③表因抢白话未说完；④表心情矛盾；⑤表思维跳跃；⑥表思索正在进行。 六种常用写作手法：象征、对比、衬托（铺垫）、照应（呼应）、直接（间接）描写、抑扬。 七种常见短语类型：并列、偏正、主谓、动宾、后补、“的”字短语、介宾短语。七种主要复句类型：并列、转折、条件、递进、选择、因果、假设。 八种常用修辞方法：比喻-----使语言形象生动，增加语言色彩。 拟人-----把事物当人写，使语言形象生动。 夸张——为突出某一事物或强调某一感受。 排比-----增强语言气势，加强表达效果。 对偶-----使语言简练工整。 引用-----增强语言说服力。 设问--- 引起读者注意、思考。 反问------起强调作用，增强肯定（否定）语气。 第二部分：记叙文 一、常见叙事线索 1.人物线索：人物的见闻感受或者事迹。 2.物品线索:某一有特殊意义的物品。 3.感情线索：作者或作品中主要人物的思想感情变化。 4.事件线索：中心事件。 5.时间线索 6.地点变换线索
英语中考知识点整理
avoid 可表示“避开”或“躲避”(keep oneself from)某人或某物；也可表示“防止”(prevent... from...)某事的发生。如： I think she is avoiding me. 我想她在躲我。 avoid+sth./doing sth.（2次）可接名词或动名词作宾语，但是不能接不定式作宾语。如： Try to avoid accidents.尽量防止发生事故。 He avoided answering my questions.他对我的问题避而不答。 happen 指偶然发生，具有不可预测性，主语一 般是某物/某事。表示“某人发生了什么事” 时用sth. happen(s) to sb.; happen 还可以表示“碰巧”，常用于“sb. happen(s) to do sth.”和“It happens+that 从句”两种结构。 注意：happen 和take place 都没有被动语态。
suggest sth. (to sb. ) （向某人）建议某事。 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事。 suggest sb. (宾格)/one’s doing sth.建议某人做某事 suggest 意为“ 暗示；表明”时，用于suggest+that从句(表示此意思的时候，一般只考查这一个用法)，此时，其宾语从句不能使用虚拟语气，而是使用陈述语气，即该用什么时态就用什么时态，只是要注意和主句suggest的时态对应即可。 suggest + that从句，表示建议……。此时that从句 要使用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语由“(should) + 动词 原形”构成，且should可以省略。 。 ①regret＋n./pron. 意为“后悔,对……表示歉意”。 如: If you don’t do it now, you’ll regret later. 如果你现在不做,以后一定会后悔的。 ②regret ＋that/wh-从句,意为“后悔,遗憾……”。如: I have deeply regretted what I said.我非常后悔说了那些话。 ③regret＋to do sth.意为“对做某事感到遗憾”。如: We regret to inform you that your application has not been successful.我们很遗憾地通
九年级下册文言文重点知识归纳
九年级下册文言文重点知识归纳 《公输》――《墨子》 一、解释下列加点词的含义 1、起．于鲁出发，动身 2、公输盘不说．通“悦”，高兴 3、再拜 ．．明白事理 ．．拜了两次 4、不可谓知类 5、然胡 ．．不已．乎然．：但是；胡．：为什么；已．：停止。 6、胡不见．我于王引见 7、子墨子九距．之通“拒”，抗拒。 8、子墨子守圉．有余通“御”，抵挡。 9、公输盘诎．通“屈”，理屈。 10、吾知所以 ．．距子矣用来……的方法 11、在宋城上而待楚寇．入侵 二、翻译下列句子 1、夫子何命焉为？先生有什么指教呢？ 2、宋何罪之有？宋国有什么罪呢？ 3、知而不争知道（这道理）而不劝阻（楚王）。 4、此为何若人？这是什么样的人呢？ 5、九设攻城之机变多次用了攻城的巧妙战术。 6、虽杀臣，不能绝也即使杀了我，也不能杀尽（楚国的抵抗者）。 三、回答问题 墨子听说“公输盘为楚造云梯之械，成，将以攻宋”，从而动身去楚国的目的是什么？为了阻止楚国攻打宋国。 《得道多助失道寡助》――《孟子》 词语解释
天时不如地利．有利委．而去．之委．放弃；去．离开 地利不如人和 ．．人心所向，内部团结故曰所以 七里之郭．外城域．民不以．封疆之界域．限制；以．凭借 池．非不深护城河亲戚畔．之通“叛” 威．天下不以兵革 ．．泛指武器装备多助之至．极点．．之利威．威慑兵革 翻译句子 1、天时不如地利，地利不如人和。 有利于作战的天气、时令，比不上有利于作战的地理形势；有利于作战的地理形势，比不上作战中的人心所向、内部团结 2、委而去之。弃城而逃。 3、域民不以土封疆之界，固国不以山溪之险，威天下不以兵革之利。 使人民定居下来而不迁到别的地方去，不能靠划定边疆的界限。巩固国防，不能靠山河的险要。震慑天下，不能靠武力的强大。 4、得道多者助，失道者寡助。 能施行“仁政”的君主，帮助支持他的人就多，不行“仁政”的君主，支持帮助他的人就少。 重要问题 本文论述了“人和”在战争胜负中的决定性作用，体现了孟子的“仁政”思想。 《生于忧患，死于安乐》――《孟子》 一、词语解释 舜发．于被任用人恒过 ．．被选拔衡． ．．恒．常；过．犯过失傅说举于 于虑同“横”故．天将降大任．于是．人也故．所以；任．责任，担子；是．这而后作．奋起苦．其心志使┅┅痛苦征于色．颜色
2020中考【英语】中考英语100个必考知识点
中考英语100个必考知识点 一.单选 A.冠词： （1）a/an 的区分： 注意以“U”开头的单词。如果发字母u本身的音/ju：/，前面加a：a useful book, a university, a usual chair；如果发以外的音，前面加an：an unusual chair, an unimportant meeting, an unforgetable experience （2）球类运动和三餐饭前不加the play football ，play table tennis乐器前加the play the violin，play the piano （3）a—一个，the—那个 （4）高难度竞赛题a“u”；an“h”；an “s”；an “x” 用汉语拼音给字母注音，如有声母，就用a，如U—you；如没有声母，就用an，如H—ei qi，S—ai si，X—ai ke si C. 连词 （1）连词现象： Although ，though 与but通常不连用because 与so 不连用if (如果)与then 不连用（2）就近一致连词 neither...nor , either...or ,not only...but also not...but... （3）连接句子与to do 形式 because +句子（有完整主谓结构）because of +介词宾语（名词等） in order to do (in order not to do ) in order that +句子 so as to so as that +句子so...that +句子 too...to do enough to do so good a book that +句子
中考数学知识点归纳总结
中考数学知识点总结
七年级数学（上）知识点 人教版七年级数学上册主要包含了有理数、整式的加减、一元一次方程、图形的认识初步四个章节的内容. 第一章 有理数 一、知识框架 二．知识概念 1.有理数： (1)凡能写成)0p q ,p (p q ≠为整数且形式的数，都是有理数.正整数、0、负整数统称整数；正分数、负分数统 称分数；整数和分数统称有理数.注意：0即不是正数，也不是负数；-a 不一定是负数，+a 也不一定是正数；π不是有理数； (2)有理数的分类: ① ??? ? ?????????负分数 负整数负有理数零正分数正整数 正有理数有理数 ② ???????????????负分数正分数 分数负整数零正整数整数有理数 2．数轴：数轴是规定了原点、正方向、单位长度的一条直线. 3．相反数： (1)只有符号不同的两个数，我们说其中一个是另一个的相反数；0的相反数还是0； (2)相反数的和为0 ? a+b=0 ? a 、b 互为相反数. 4.绝对值： (1)正数的绝对值是其本身，0的绝对值是0，负数的绝对值是它的相反数；注意：绝对值的意义是数轴上表示某数的点离开原点的距离； (2) 绝对值可表示为：?????<-=>=) 0a (a )0a (0) 0a (a a 或???<-≥=)0a (a )0a (a a ；绝对值的问题经常分类讨论； 5.有理数比大小：（1）正数的绝对值越大，这个数越大；（2）正数永远比0大，负数永远比0小；（3）正数 大于一切负数；（4）两个负数比大小，绝对值大的反而小；（5）数轴上的两个数，右边的数总比左边的数大；（6）大数-小数 ＞ 0，小数-大数 ＜ 0. 6.互为倒数：乘积为1的两个数互为倒数；注意：0没有倒数；若 a ≠0，那么a 的倒数是 a 1 ；若ab=1? a 、
中考英语知识点归纳汇总-详细
中考英语知识点归纳汇总-详细 第一课时名词 一、概述 1、名词的属性：表示人或事物的名称抽象概念的词叫名词。 2、名词分普通名词和专有名词。普通名词是表示某一类人或事物，或某种物体或抽象概念的名称。如：teacher, desks, plates, milk, box等，专有名词表示某一特定的人、事物、地方团体、党派、国家机关、语言、节日等专用的名称。（运用）如：China, Chinese, Saturday, June, Green, Beijing, Olympic等。（专有名词的第一个字母要大写） 二、可数名词与不可数名词 1、可数名词是指表示人或事物，可以用数来计量的名词，有单复数之分。如：glass-----glasses; book---- books 2、不可数名词是指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。 如：paper, rice, water , milk, tea等。 3、有些名词在特定情况下由不可数变为可数名词。 Light travels faster than sound; (light：光线，不可数) The lights are on. (light：灯，可数)
4、不可数名词的量的表示 不可数名词一般无法用数来计算，前面不能用a或an或数词来表示数量，它的量往往借助于容器来表示。 如：a glass of milk ------ four glasses of milk a piece of paper------two pieces of paper a bag of rice------three bags of rice 三、可数名词的复数形式（识记、运用） 1、可数名词在应用时有单复数之分，单数变复数有规则变化和不规则变化两种。规则变化 情况 变化形式 例词 一般情况 加-s girls; books; 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词
九下文言文知识点归纳
九年级下册第四单元文言文知识点 归纳 通假字1小惠未漏，民弗从也漏，通遍”，遍及，普遍。 2邹忌修八尺有余。有，通又”，连接整数和零数。 3xx来，孰视之。孰，通熟”，仔细。 4故患有所不辟也。辟，通避”，躲避。 5万钟则不辩礼义而受之。辩通辨，辨别。 6所识穷乏者得我与？与，通欤”，语气词 7今为所识穷乏者得我而为之。得，通德”，感激。 8xx所不能。曾，通增”，增加。 9xx与虑。xx,通横”，梗塞，不xx。 10入则无法家拂士。拂，通弼”，辅弼。 11指通豫南，达于汉阴。指，通宜”，直接。 12寒暑易节，始一反焉。反，通返”，往返。 13甚矣，汝之不惠。惠，通慧”，聪明，有智慧。 14河曲智叟亡以应。亡，通无”，没有。 15 一厝朔东，一厝雍南。厝，通措”，放置。 16无陇断焉。陇，通垄”，高而不相连的山冈。 17是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。简，通拣”，挑选。 18必能裨补xx漏。xx,通缺”，缺点。
19尔来二十有一年矣。有，通又”，连接整数和零数。20何时眼前突兀见此屋。见，通现”，出现。 古今异义词 1牺牲xx, xx也。古义： 祭祀用的猪、牛、羊等祭品；今义： 为了正义事业献身或放弃损害一方的利益。 2小大之狱，虽不能察，必以情。狱，古义： 案件；今义： 指监牢。 情，古义： 实情；今义： 感i青。 3肉食者鄙，未能远谋。鄙，古义： 见识短浅；今义： 品性恶劣。 4衣食所安，xx专也。专，古义： 独白专有、独占；今义： 专心、专一。 5一鼓作气，再而衰，三而竭。再，古义： 两次或第二次；今义：
表示行为的重复。 6可以一战。可以，古义: 可以凭借，可以用；今义： 表示可能或能够。 7窥镜白视窥，古义： 昭?今义. 八、、, /? xx或缝隙里偷偷看。 8而复问其妾。复，古义： 再、又；今义，往复、重复。 9今齐地方千里。地方，古义： 土地方圆；今义： 指某一地区、区域。 10能面刺寡人之过者。寡人，古义：国君的白称；今义： 妇女死了丈夫。 1万xx则不辩礼义而受之。xx,古义：古代的一种量器；今义： 计时的器具。 12非独贤者不是心也。是： 古义：
中考英语必考的65个短语知识点
中考英语必考的65个短语知识点 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at[1] (感官动词)+do eg：I like watching monkeys jump 2 (比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg ： I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg ： ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初;……的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾 eg ： At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg ： I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在实行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够…… eg ： She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg ：she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg ： I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg： I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg ： Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg ： She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离
中考考点归纳
一、考点分析1、洋务运动 2.维新变法 3.孙中山革命运动 4.新文化运动从近几年的考试情况看，本专题的知识点考查频率很高，是全国各地中考的重点。考点主要集中在地主阶级(洋务派)和资产阶级(维新派、革命派和先进知识分子)的抗争和探索上，今后这些知识将仍是全国各地中考的重点。考查的题型呈多样化，既有选择题、材料解析题，也有问答题、探究题。备考复习时除了加强对这些事件基础知识的记忆、理解以及对课本重要图片的认识外，还要对比分析洋务运动、戊戌变法、辛亥革命在近代化探索方面的侧重点，体会中国近代化探索从“器物(工业)”到“政治制度”再到“思想文化”的历程。 二、知识详解 考点一：洋务运动1.时间：19世纪60年代—90年代2．原因：第二次鸦片战争后，清政府面临内外交困的危局。3．根本目的：维护清朝统治。4．代表人物：中央——奕；地方——曾国藩、李鸿章、左宗棠、张之洞。5．口号：前期“自强”；后期“求富”。6．内容：学习西方技术，创办军事工业；创办新式学堂，派遣留学生；筹建新式陆海军；创办民用工业。7．评价：洋务运动没有使中国富强起来，但它引进了西方先进的科学技术，使中国出现了第一批近代工业企业。在客观上促进了中国资本主义的发展，推动了中国近代化的进程。 考点二：维新变法1．原因：内因是中国资本主义初步发展；外因是19世纪末《马关条约》的签订，中国面临被瓜分的危机。2．目的：挽救民族危机，在中国发展资本主义(变法图强)。3．早期主要活动：1895年公车上书揭开维新变法序幕；创办报刊《万国公报》《国闻报》，组织团体强学会。 4.内容：（1）政治：改革政府机构，裁撤冗官，任用维新人士（2）经济：兴办工矿企业（3）思想文化：开办新式学堂培养人才，翻译西方书籍，传播新思想，创办报刊，开放言论（4）军事：训练新式军队 5.性质：自上而下的资产阶级性质的改良运动。6．结果：由于资产阶级维新派的软弱性，依靠一个没有实权的皇帝，最终变法失败。7．作用：在社会上起了思想启蒙的作用，有利于资产阶级思想的传播，为后来的辛亥革命准备了条件。 考点三：孙中山的革命运动1．孙中山的早期革命活动(1)1894 年在檀香山成立兴中会——第一个资产阶级革命团体。(2)为集中革命力量，1905 年在日本东京成立中国同盟会——第一个资产阶级革命政党。(3)《民报》发刊词中将同盟会的纲领阐发为“三民主义”，成为辛亥革命的指导思想。(4)在许多地方，发动多次武装起义。 2.辛亥革命(1)背景：20 世纪初民族资本主义的发展和《辛丑条约》的签订使民族危机空前严重。(2)经过：楚望台军械库——湖广总督衙门——武昌城——汉口、汉阳——全国十几个省独立。(3)中华民国成立：1912年1月1日，中华民国在南京成立，孙中山任临时大总统。(4)结果：革命果实被袁世凯窃取。(5)历史意义：推翻了清朝的统治，结束了我国两千多年的封建帝制，使民主共和观念深入人心。(6)性质：由资产阶级革命派领导的一场反帝反封建的资产阶级民主革命。(7)失败原因：主观，资产阶级革命派的软弱性；没有充分发动广大人民群众。客观，中外反动势力相互勾结，共同破坏革命。考点四：新文化运动1．时间：1915年2.背景：北洋军阀政府在文化领域极力推行尊孔复古政策。3.兴起标志：《新青年》。4．代表人物：陈独秀、李大钊、胡适、鲁迅。5．主要阵地：《新青年》杂志和北京大学。6．口号：民主与科学7．主要内容(1)前期：①提倡民主，反对专制；②提倡科学，反对愚昧； ③提倡新道德，反对旧道德；④提倡新文学，反对旧文学。向尊孔复古的逆流展开猛烈进攻。(2)后期：宣传马克思主义思想。8．意义：新文化运动激发了