2019年高考英语阅读理解模拟训练及答案

2019年高考英语阅读理解专项突破

(名师精选全国真题+详细解析答案，值得下载打印练习)

(共3篇，限时20分钟)

A

Bee see, bee do. At least that’s the conclusion of research published earlier this month in the journal PLOS Biology, showing that bumblebees learn to solve problems by watching each other.

In the first study of its kind in insects, scientists constructed experiments that challenged bees to pull strings in order to access rewards of nectar (花蜜)．

The scientists hoped their study would throw light on a bigger picture: how social learning spreads through a population.

In the study, Lars Chittka from Queen Mary University of London and his team made artificial flowers and filled them with artificial nectar made of sugar water. They put the flowers under a clear type of plastic and attached a string.

Then they added bees. While most of the insects failed to reach the nectar, a few eventually figured out how to access it, by pulling the string.

The team discovered that they could greatly increase the success rate of the bees by first placing them inside a transparent (透明的) box where they could observe an experienced bee pull the string. Then, when the boxed bees were released, they often knew what to do and successfully pulled the string to obtain nectar.

Next, the researchers added a bee that was experienced in string pulling to each of three new groups that had never seen the experiment before. Within a short time, about half of all those bees were soon pulling the strings. That result suggests the learned behavior could spread from bee to bee, similar to the way cultural ideas spread in other animals, including people.

The experiment suggests that social learning may be more widespread in the animal kingdom than people previously thought.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。英国科学家通过实验发现，蜜蜂可以从同伴那里学会新技能。

1．What happened after the bee pulled the string?

A．It joined others.B．It saw flowers.

C．It found water. D．It got nectar.

解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“pull strings in order to access rewards of nectar (花蜜)”和第五段内容可知，蜜蜂把绳拉动之后就可以得到花蜜。

2．Why was an experienced bee added to new bee groups?

A．To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.

B．To watch the process of string pulling.

C．To carry the experiment further.

D．To keep the bees’ interest.

解析：选C推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“placing them inside a transparent (透明的) box where they could observe an experienced bee pull the string”和倒数第二段中的“each of three new groups that had never seen the experiment before”可知，在后一个实验中，蜜蜂面临的挑战升级，这样做的目的就是使研究更深入。

3．What does the study find?

A．Most animals create their own cultures.

B．Strings are particularly attractive to bees.

C．Animals may have good social learning ability.

D．Bumblebees may be smarter than other bee species.

解析：选C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“the learned behavior could spread from bee to bee, similar to the way cultural ideas spread in other animals, including people”和最后一段中的“social learning may be more widespread in the animal kingdom than people previously thought”可知，这项研究发现动物们可能具有良好的相互学习的能力。

B

When I go to a new place the first thing I like to do is walk around the streets, to explore

and get lost in the city. When I first arrived in Santiago, Chile, and took a walk around the city centre, one of the first things I noticed was how many street dogs there were.

On every corner there was a sleeping dog. At every traffic light there was a dog waiting to cross. By every shop there was a dog waiting for food. At first I was nervous as I thought they might be aggressive. However, I have been here for more than a year now and every street dog I have seen has been passive, quiet and friendly.

The dogs are accepted and welcomed here in Chile. I have never seen a street dog being mistreated. In fact, they are often given food and water by the public. Some people even make jackets for the dogs or put out beds or doghouses for them to sleep in.

However, the dogs do not have an easy life: they are often hungry, cold or injured. The government does not provide much care for these dogs.

Some people believe that the situation is getting out of control and that it is unacceptable to have so many dogs on the streets. The dogs can sometimes cause problems such as car accidents if they run into the road. There are about 2.5 million street dogs in Chile and the dog population is growing faster than the human population. Many Chileans think that all the street dogs should be sterilized (使绝育) so that they cannot breed. Others think that people should reduce the dog population by killing them.

The future of street dogs is uncertain but for now it looks like they are here to stay, with their population expanding year by year.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者初到智利就发现那里的流浪狗很多，且其数量还在不断增加。由此引发的问题引起了人们的关注。

4．What caught the author’s attention after his arriving in Santiago?

A．Fine local shops. B．Lots of street dogs.

C．Many cute pet dogs. D．Broken traffic lights.

解析：选B细节理解题。由第一段末的“one of the first things I noticed was how many street dogs there were”及第二段开头的“On every corner ... for food.”可知，作者刚到圣地亚哥就注意到那里大量的流浪狗。

5．What do we know about street dogs in Chile?

A．People are nice to them.

B．Many of them are mistreated.

C．Many of them have been killed.

D．The government tries to help them.

解析：选A推理判断题。由第三段可知，当地的人们对流浪狗很好，给它们提供食物和住处等。

6．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?

A．The future of Chileans.

B．How to help street dogs.

C．What to do with street dogs.

D．The problems faced by street dogs.

解析：选C段落大意题。由第五段可知，智利的流浪狗数量大且增长快，由此引发了一些问题。针对如何解决流浪狗这一问题，人们有不同的看法。

C

Pamela Malhotra and her husband Anil K．Malhotra have spent the last 25 years buying abandoned agricultural land and reforesting it, to return the land to a biodiverse rainforest for elephants, birds and other creatures.

The couple owns 300 acres of land in Brahmagiri, India. They’ve spotted more than 300 kinds of birds as well as many rare and threatened animal species.But, this was not the scene in 1991 when Anil and Pamela came to this part of the country.“When I came here, it was a wasteland.The owner wanted to sell because he couldn’t grow coffee or anything else here，” says Anil who worked in the real estate (房地产) and restaurant business in the US before moving to India.“For me and Pamela, this was what we were looking for all our life.”

The couple had a love for nature from their childhood.When the Malhotras came to India, the pollution horrified them.“That was when we decided to do something to reclaim (开垦) the forests in India，” says Anil.“We were not looking for money.Early on, we realized that shortage of fresh water will be a concern for India and the rest of the world.Acquisition, protection and reclamation of forested lands and wildlife habitat, where vital water sources have their origin, is the only way to save ourselves，” explains Anil.

They sold property they owned in America, bought the first 55 acres and began to grow a forest.Soon, they bought the land nearby as well.“Many of the f armers considered their

holdings ‘wasteland’ as very little grew on it and were happy to get money，” says Anil.

Hunting and poaching (偷猎) was a challenge and often the locals did not understand what this couple was doing, so it required a lot of talking to create awareness.They worked with the forest department to set up camera traps and keep poachers away.“There are times I have fought with poachers，” says Pamela.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一对美国夫妇在印度买下三百英亩的废弃土地，植树造林，造福后代。

7．Why did the Malhotras buy the wasteland in India?

A．To build a private zoo.

B．To preserve the environment.

C．To develop the local agriculture.

D．To protect rare birds and animals.

解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“buying abandoned agricultural land and reforesting it ...birds and other creatures”和第三段中的“the pollution horrified them”可以推知，Malhotra夫妇买下农民废弃的土地是为了解决当地的污染问题，保护环境。

8．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?

A．The land.B．The coffee.

C．The restaurant. D．The scene in 1991.

解析：选A代词指代题。根据第二段中的“it was a wasteland. The owner wanted to sell ... looking for all our life.”可知，这样的土地正是Malhotra夫妇一直在寻找的。

9．What can be inferred about the Malhotras?

A．They had a tough life in America.

B．They lived in harmony with nature.

C．They made a lot of money in India.

D．They found important water sources.

解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They’ve spotted more than 300 kinds of birds ...was not the scene in 1991”可知，经过Malhotra夫妇的努力，他们买下的废弃土地已经发生了很大变化，吸引了许多鸟类和珍稀动物。由此可见，他们与大自然和谐相处。

10．What might the Malhotras think of the local farmers?

A．They are greedy for profits.

B．They are ready to help others.

C．They lack environmental awareness.

D．They have no knowledge of agriculture.

解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Hunting and poaching (偷猎) was a challenge ...talking to create awareness.”可以推知，Malhotra夫妇认为当地农民缺乏环保意识。

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【英语】高考英语阅读理解专题训练答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Google's new camera, called Clips, is a smart device. It comes with a case that has a clip (夹子), but it's not designed to be worn on your clothing. Most interestingly, it uses artificial intelligence to take photography out of your hands and captures moments entirely on its own! What sets this roughly 2-inch by 2-inch camera, with a three-hour battery life and Gorilla Glass for toughness apart is that it is specially intended for candid moments, like when a child does something cute that may happen too quickly for you to pull out your smartphone. The Clips device, it uses machine learning algorithms (计算程序) to help capture scenes. Those algorithms include face recognition. "Once it learns that there's a face you see frequently, it'll try to get nice photos of those faces," said Juston Payne, the device's product manager. And they also want it to recognize facial expressions, which involved "training it to know what happiness looks like". The Google team also trained it to recognize what not to shoot—like when a child's hand is over the lens, or if it is tossed in a dark purse. The only way to see the images is by connecting the camera with your phone, as it has no screen for viewing or editing. Concerned it could seem strange? Yes, Payne admitted, but he said they addressed that by making it obvious what it is. A green light on the front signals that it is on. Besides, unlike a camera meant to monitor your home, it is not connected to the Internet. "This product is only possible because of the way that silicon(硅) has advanced," Payne said that now they could squeeze the technology down into a device this size. Going forward, we're likely to get more assistance from the artificial intelligence packed into our apps and gadgets.（1）What is the most outstanding feature of Clips? A.It enables easy Internet access. B.It is equipped with tough glass. C.It can be worn on your clothing. D.It allows of hands-free photography. （2）What does the underlined word "candid" in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Awkward. B.Brief. C.Touching. D.Unforgettable. （3）What makes Clips a reality according to Juston Payne? A.The advance in technology. B.The popularity of the Internet. C.The screen for viewing and editing. D.The rise of the smartphone industry. （4）What does the text mainly talk about? A.New gadgets in the age of apps.

2020-2021全国高考英语阅读理解的综合高考模拟和真题分类汇总附答案

一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 City trees grow faster and die younger than trees in rural forestry, a new study finds. Over their lifetimes, then, urban trees will likely absorb less CO2 from the air thah forest trees. As we all know, the earth would be freezing or burning hot without CO2. However, CO2is a greenhouse gas, meaning it traps energy from the sun as/heat. That makes temperatures near the ground rise. Human activities, especially the widespread burning-of fossil(化石)fuels, have been sending extra greenhouse gases into the air. This has led to a rise in average temperatures across the globe. Studies had shown forests readily absorb CO2, but there hadn't been much data on whether city trees grow, die and absorb CO2at the same rate as forest trees do. So some researchers decided to find out. To figure out how quickly trees were growing, researchers tracked their diameters (the width of their trunks) between 2005 and 2014. A tree's diameter increases as it grows, just as a person's waist size increases as they gain weight. About half the weight of a tree is carbon, research has shown. Most of the rest is water. Over the nine years' tracking, the researchers found city trees absorbed four times as much carbon from the air as forest trees. However, they were twice as likely to die. So over the lifetime of each type of tree, forest trees actually absorbed more CO2. City trees grew faster because they had less competition for light from their neighbors. In a forest, trees tend to grow close together, shading their neighbors. Street trees also benefit from higher levels of nitrogen (氮)in rainwater. Nitrogen helps plants grow. Waste gases from gas-burning cars also contain nitrogen, thus enriching city air with nitrogen. Later, rainwater may wash much of it to the ground. Some street trees may also have better access to water than trees in the country because the underground water pipes can leak. （1）What can he known about CO2 from paragraph 2? A. It is one of the side effects of greenhouses. B. It greatly accelerates the process of global warming. C. It results from the widespread burning of fossil fuels. D. It prevents the earth from becoming unsuitable to live on. （2）Why did researchers track the diameters of trees? A. To know about their growth rates. B. To find out how much they weigh. C. To check whether they were healthy. D. To assess the carbon amounts in them. （3）What advantage do city trees have over forest trees? A. They are more likely to access growth promoters. B. They can enjoy more water coming from the air. C. They can enjoy more shade from neighbors. D. They are better at competing for light. （4）What will probably be talked about if the passage is continued? A. How urban trees can live longer. B. Why city living makes trees die young. C. How trees respond to dry soil conditions. D. Why faster-growing trees absorb more CO2.

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高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs. Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time. （1）Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps? A. Because he was injured in his swimming. B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. C. Because westerners know a little about TCM. D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM. （2）Why don't some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture. C. Because Western medicine is more effective. D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly. （3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription. C. Lacking in standardization. D. Its stable functions.