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2018年英语专业四级TEM-4真题及解析

2018 年英语专业四级真题及详解

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2018)

-GRADE FOUR-

TIME LIMIT: 130 MIN

PART Ⅰ DICTATION [10 MIN]

Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.

Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.

【答案与解析】

Emotional Reaction to Music

①No matter who you are, where you live, or what your cultural background is, people get some pleasure from listening to their favorite music. ②However, some people are simply not capable of enjoying music. ③This is not because they can‘t experience pleasure at all. ④They don‘ have trouble hearing music properly, either. ⑤Instead, they‘re just indifferent to music. ⑥Researchers have conducted studies to find out why some people have no emotional reaction to music. ⑦However, despite their efforts, the mystery r emains.

【难点点评】

1）句②中，capable 意为“能干的”，与“of”连用“表示能……的”，注意“of”不要遗漏。

（

2）句③中，注意“not”不要遗漏。

（

3）句⑥中，时态为现在完成时，注意动词用现在分词形式；conduct 意为“实施，执行”。

（

4）句⑦中，注意“mystery”的拼写，其意思为“谜团”。

（

PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]

SECTION A TALK

In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.

You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.

Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work.

The Linguistic Gift of Babies

Critical age

Decline of babies‘ language learning ability occurs at the age of (1) . (1) Lab work

Research focus:

?How babies learn (2) in the first critical period (2) Research aims:

?developing a model for babies in their critical periods of

—language acquisition

—social, emotional and (3) development (3) Research process:

?Babies need to listen.

?They are trained to turn their heads when (4) . (4) ?A panda bear pounds a drum if babies are correct.

Participants:

?(5) babies (5) Results:

?Babies can (6) of all languages. (6) ?Babies become language-bound before (7) . (7) —sound reaction between American and Japanese babies

-6 to 8 months old: (8)

-two months later: (9)

?Two events during the critical two m onths —(10) when listening to a language (8)

(9)

—change of babies, brains when distributions grow (10)

Conclusion

Language learning may slow down when sound distributions become stable.

【答案与解析】

1.seven

(录音提到“Babies and children are geniuses until they turn seven”，即婴儿和孩子在七岁前一直都是天才，故本题填入seven。)

2.sounds

(录音提到“that is the period in which babies try to master which sounds are used in their language”即这个时期是关于婴儿试着掌握他们语言中的声音，故本题填入sounds。)

3.cognitive

(录音提到“perhaps f or c ritical p eriods that ... and c ognitive development”，即或许关键期也出现在孩童期……也为了研究社会，情感和认知发展，故本题填入cognitive。)

4.a sound changes

(录音提到“and we train them to turn their heads when a sound changes”，即我们训练他们当听到一个声音就转头，故本题填入a sound changes。)

5.six-month-old

(录音提到“usually six-monther”，即6 个月大的婴儿，故本题填入six-month-old。)

6.discriminate the sounds

(录音提到“They can discriminate all the sounds of all languages”，即他们能区分所有语言的所有声音，故本题填入discriminate the sounds。)

7.their first birthdays

(录音提到“And the answer: before their first birthdays”，即答案是一岁之前，故本题填入their first birthdays。)

8.totally equivalent

(录音提到“So at six to eight months, the babies are totally equivalent”，即对于6 到8 个月的婴儿，他们的测试结果完全相似，故本题填入totally equivalent。)

9.incredible difference occurs (录音提到“Tw o mont hs later, s omething incredible occur s”，即2个月之后便产生明显变化，故本题填入incredible difference occurs。)

10.taking statistics

(录音提到“they‘re taking statistics as they listen to us talk”，即他们听我们说话的同时在做统计，故本题填入taking statistics。)

【录音原文】

The Linguistic Gift of Babies

Good morning, everyone. In today‘s lecture, I‘m going to talk about something you can‘t see. That is, what‘s going on in the little brain of a baby, for example, how babies learn a language. It is always a question people show great interest in. [1]Babies and children are geniuses until they turn seven, and then there‘s a systematic decline.

Work in my lab is focused on the first critical period in development, [2]and that is the period in which babies try to master which sounds are used in their language. We think, by studying how the sounds are learned, we‘ll h ave a model for the rest of language, [3]and perhaps for critical periods that may exist in childhood for social, emotional and cognitive development.

So we‘ve been studying the babies by conducting an experiment. During our experiment, the baby, [5]usually s ix-monther, s it s on a parent‘s lap, [4]and w e train them to turn their hea ds w hen a s ound change s—like from ―ah‖ to ―ee‖. If they do so at the appropriate time, the black box lights up and a panda bear pounds a drum.

What have w e learned? Well, babie s all over the world are w hat I like to de s cribe as ―citizens of the worl d‖. [6]They can discriminate all the sounds of all languages, no matter what country we‘re testing and what language we‘re using and that‘s remarkable because you know I can‘t do that. We‘re culture-bound listeners. We can discriminate the sounds of our own language, but not those of foreign languages.

So the question arises: When do those citizens of the world turn into the language-bound listeners that we are? [7]And the answer: before their first birthdays. What you see here is performance on that head-turn task for babies tested in Tokyo and the U nited S tate s, here in S eattle, as they listened to the ―ra‖ and ―la‖-sounds important to Englis h, but not to Japanese. [8]So at six to eight months, the babies are totally equivalent. [9]Two months later, something incredible occurs. The babies in the United States are getting a lot better while babies in Japan are getting a lot worse.

So the question is: What‘s happening during this critical two month period? We know this is the critical period for sound developments but what‘s going on up there? Maybe there are two things going on. The first is that the babies are listening intently to us, [10]and they‘re taking statistics as they listen to us talk-they‘re taking statistics. That is to say the two babies listen to their own mother speaking motherese—the universal language we use when we talk to kids. During the production of speech when babies listen what they‘re doing is taking statistics that is sound distribution on the language that they hear. And those sound distributions grow and babies absorb more. And what we‘ve learned is that babies are sensitive to the statistics, and the statistics of Japanese and English are very, very different. I mean, the sound distribution of both languages is different. So babies absorb the statistics of the language and it changes their brains ; it changes them from the citizens of the world to the culture-bound listeners that we are because we as adults are no longer absorbing those statistics. In this case, of course, we‘re arguing that the learning of language material may slow down when our distribution stabilizes.

OK. Today we just talked about a recent project on babies‘ language development. In our next lecture, we will concentrate on bilingual people, how bilinguals keep two sets of statistics in mind at once.

SECTION B CONVERSATIONS

In this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A B C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.

You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.

Now, listen to the conversations.

Conversation One

Questions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.

1.A. Many foreign languages are spoken in Britain.

B.Everyone in Britain can speak a foreign language.

C.The British are unable to speak a foreign language.

D.The British can survive on their mother tongue.

2.A. Chinese.

B.Polish,

C.Punjabi.

D.Urdu.

3.A. To help improve international trade.

B.To allow a speaker to hold a simple t alk.

C.To improve the education system.

D.To encourage learning another l anguage.

4.A. It gives you self-satisfaction.

B.It makes you more confident.

C.It gives you an advantage.

D.It makes you work hard.

5.A. Workmates.

B.Schoolmates.

C.Teacher and student.

D.Brother and sister.

【答案与解析】

1.C 对话中男士提到“not being able to speak a foreign language”，说明不能说外语是英国人的一个特色，故选

C 项。

2.B 对话中男士提到“Polish is the second most-spoken language”，表明波兰语是说得人数第二多的语言，故正

确答案为B。

3.A对话中男士在说完最近在开展“1000 字运动”后，接着说“It hope s to help Br i tain increa s e international trade”，表示

“1000 字运动”开展的目的是希望帮助英国拓展国际贸易，故选A。

4.D 对话中在女士说完听上去不错后，男士说到“It gives you self-satisfaction and self-esteem”和“it boosts your

confidence”，可知说一门外语能够给人带来自我满足感和自尊，并且能够提升自信心，对话没有提到使人努力工作，故选D。

5.B 在对话的最后，男士提到“I‘ll have my Chinese class at 10 o‘clock”表示他10 点时要上汉语课，而女士随

之提到“I have a class at 10 as well”表示她10 点也有课，故两人应为同校不同班，为校友，因此正确答案为

B 。

【录音原文】

W: Hi, Bob. You speak very good Chinese.

M: Not really, Mary. I just know a little. Actually, not being able to speak a foreign language is a bit of a British trait or

a particularly Br itish characteristic. The British are generally considered to be lazy linguists. We just don‘t bother to

learn another language.

W: I guess the main reason is that when you travel around the world, you find that English is spoken almost everywhere.

M: Yes, yes. We get by. We survive on just using our mother language.

W: But you seem to love learning languages a lot. How many foreign languages can you speak?

M: Not that many. A bit of German, some French, Polish a little, Chinese of course, a bit of Japanese. That‘s about it. W: I‘m impressed. Well, what is the second most-spoken language in England? Is it Chinese?

M: No, I don‘t think so.

W: Then, that must be French.

M: No. According to the recent census, 104 different languages are spoken in the UK and Polish is the second most-spoken language, followed by Punjabi and Urdu.

W: Then, do you have to learn a foreign language in school?

M: No, it‘s not compulsory. But recently a campaign was launched to encourage everyone in the UK to learn at least 1,000 words of another language. It hopes to help Britain increase international trade.

W: 1,000 words?

M: Yes. It‘s called the 1,000 Words Campaign because it says a vocabulary of 1,000 words would allow a speaker to hold a simple conversation.

W: That sounds like a good idea.

M: Yes. It gives you self-satisfaction and self-esteem if you can speak another language when you‘re travelling. And I think it also gives you an edge in a lot of different areas in the workplace. You feel good about learning a new skill and you feel good about yourself, and it boosts your confidence. Imagine going on a holiday to Spain and being able to speak to the locals.

W: Of course it does make one feel good.

M: And there are also the economic benefits of speaking another language. It gives you an advantage? especially if you are dealing with foreign companies.

W: Yes. It also shows politeness and respect for other people by showing you have made an effort.

M: You‘re right. Mm, I‘m afraid I must get going now. I‘ll have my Chinese class at 10 o‘clock.

W: Oh, I have a class at 10 as well. OK, see you later.

M: See you.

1.According to the man, what is a British characteristic?

2.What is the second most-spoken language in the UK?

3.Why was the 1,000 Words Campaign launched?

4.According to the man, which is not considered an advantage of learning a foreign language?

5.What‘s the most probable relationship between the man and the woman?

Conversation Two

Questions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.

6.A. A dangerous event.

B.An unreasonable fear.

C.A small probability.

D.A risk-assessing ability.

7.A. One in one million.

B.One in four million.

C.One in fourteen million.

D.One in forty m illion.

8.A. Future events.

B.Catastrophic events.

C.Small-scale disasters.

D.Smoking cigarettes.

9.A. Traveling by air.

B.Riding a bicycle.

C.Catching bird flu.

D.Smoking cigarettes.

10.A. They get pleasure from risks.

B.They can control potential risks.

C.They can assess danger from risks.

D.They have strong needs for risks.

【答案与解析】

6.B 对话中女士提到“that means a strong and unreasonable fear of something”，这表示恐惧症意味着对一些事物

强烈的没来由的恐惧，因此B 项正确。

7.C 对话中在男士猜测为100 万分之一后，女士说“it‘s one in 14 million”，表明此事件发生的概率为1400 万

分之一，故选C。

8.B 对话中男士说到“We tend to worry about big or catastrophic events”，说明我们倾向于担心那些大型的毁灭

性的事故，故选B。

9.D 对话中在女士说到我们总是忽略那些小的但是慢性的危险后，男士举例说“So for example, what if there was

a cigarette that killed you as soon as you smoked it? Nobody would do that, would they?”，表示如果有一种烟

能使人在吸烟的瞬间就死掉呢？那样的话没人会吸那种烟。暗示正常情况下吸烟的风险是慢性的。故选D。10.A 在对话的最后，两人讨论享受危险的人的时候，男士说到“it gives them extreme pleasure”，表示危险能

给那些人带来极度的快乐。故选A。

【录音原文】

W: Hello, and welcome to today‘s program. I‘m Alice.

M: And I‘m Jack. Hello.

W: Hello, Jack. You‘re off on holiday tomorrow, aren‘t you?

M: I am and you know, and I‘m reading it. I hate flying!

W: Do you? I didn‘t know you had a phobia—and that means a strong and unreasonable fear of something.

M: Well, I don‘t think this is a phobia because it isn‘t unreasonable. Flying thousands of feet up in the sky, you know, that‘s not safe!

W: Flying is safer than you think, Jack. It‘s much riskier to drive or cycle to work. And, actually, risk taking is the subject of today‘s show! Risk means the chances of something bad happening. For example, did you know that your chance of being knocked off your bicycle and killed during a one-mile journey is the same as your chances of winning the lottery?

M: I didn‘t know that.

W: Can you guess what are the chances of either of these two things happening?

M: I have no idea. One in a million?

W: No, it‘s one in 14 million. You are as likely to win the national lottery from a single ticket as you are to be knocked off your bicycle and killed during a one-mile journey.

M: But why are we bad at assessing risk?

W: People typically fear anything which is small probability but it‘s extremely catastrophic if it were to happen ...

Recently we have another increase in these birds‘ virus outbreaks. People read about that. And they may pay a lot of attention to that in the news but they may forget to get their flu shot.

M: That‘s right. We tend to worry about big or catastrophic events such as catching bird flu or dying in a plane crash because we react emotionally to them.

W: Yeah. Catastrophic events feel like very real threats, while we tend to forget about the small but chronic risks that become more likely over time.

M: We do. So for example, what if there was a cigarette that killed you as soon as you smoked it? Nobody would do that, would they?

W: No, they wouldn‘t.

M: But plenty of people are happy to smoke for years, and put off worrying about the health risks for the future.

W: Yes, th at‘s a good point, Jack! People feel they are in control of risks that stretch over time. You know, they think,―I could s top tomorro w‖ or ―I could s moke le ss‖. But w hat about people w ho really enjoy taking big ri sks—t hos e thrill seekers out there?

M: People who enjoy extreme sports actually seek out danger—it gives them extreme pleasure! If the risk is really high, it means that the pleasure needs to be equally high, or hopefully even higher ...

W: You‘re right.

6.According to Alice, what is a phobia?

7.What are the chances of getting knocked off one‘s bicycle and killed in a one-mile journey?

8.What kind of event do people tend to worry about?

9.Which may involve a chronic risk?

10.Why do some people enjoy risks?

PART Ⅲ LANGUAGE USAGE [10 MIN]

There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D.

Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.

11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo ancient Egypt, first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.

A. has been believed to have been

B. was believed to be

C. is believed to have b een

D. is believed to b e

【答案】C

【解析】句意：开罗城外的弯曲金字塔被认为是古代埃及首次尝试建造的一座表面平滑的金字塔。不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。空格后的“first attempt ”发生在谓语动词“believe ”之前。故选 C 项。A 项用法不正确，故排除；不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生或在其后发生的，且句中没有关于该建筑物“过去被认为是”和“现在被认为是”的描述，故 B 项和 D 项错误。

12. US News rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to a

university campus.

A. maintains

B. is maintaining

C. maintained

D. has been maintaining

【答案】D

【解析】句意：自 1983 年以来，《美国新闻》一直在对各大学进行排名。对于希望申请大学的学生来说，这些排名是一项非常受欢迎的参考资源。根据第一句的时间状语“since 1983”可知，谓语动词应为完成时；第二句用了般现

在

时

，主语“T h e y ”指代第一句的“r a n

i n g s ”，这

说

明

13. He was lured into a crime he would not have committed.

A. actually

B. accidentally

C. otherwise

D. seldom

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他被引诱犯下了他本来不会去犯的罪行。主句“He was lured into a crime ”是一般过去时，陈述已经发生了的既定事实。“crime ”后面是一个省略了“that ”的定语从句，对“crime ”进行补充说明；从句使用虚拟语气“w ould not have committed ”，表示与过去事实相反的假设。other w i s e 要不然的话，否则，相当于“if not ”，符合句意，故选 C 。 14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of mountains behind the apple orchard. A. blue hazy Virginia B. hazy blue Virginia C. Virginia hazy b lue D. Virginia blue hazy 【答案】B 【解析】句意：她曾经是一名年轻的乡村已婚妇女，在家中的后院养着鸡群，放眼便见苹果园后方朦胧的蔚蓝色的弗吉尼亚州山脉。当名词中心同前有多个不同层次的定语修饰时，应按照限定词→特征或性质等描述性形容词 →

大小、长短、高低的形容词→形状的形容词→年龄、新旧的形容词→颜色的形容词→国籍、地区、出处的形容词→物质材料的形容词→用途、类别的形容词，故选 B 。

15. I long to alleviate , but I cannot. A. the evil B. evil

C.evils

D.an evil

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我渴望能减少罪恶，可是我做不到。evil 罪恶；邪恶。这里，“the evil”表示特指。故答案选A。evils

作为可数名词时，意为“祸害，坏处”。an evil 意为“一个坏处，一件祸事”。

16.Indeed it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming .

A.war

B.are war

C.of war

D.are of war

【答案】D

【解析】句意：确实，可以说身体受伤就是足球运动的核心，正如杀戮和致残也是战争的核心。as 正如；就像。此句引导的是状语从句，从句中经常出现省略现象。as 从句的主语是“killing and maiming”，谓语需用“are”，不能省略；而表语是“the very point of war”，其中相同部分“the very point”可以省略。故选D。

17.At photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.

A.its most b asic

B.its basic

C.the most basic

D.the basic

【答案】A

【解析】句意：就其最基本的情况来看，摄影就是一个化学过程，在这一过程中，感光材料遇光会发生改变。形容词最高级可以和“at”构成短语作状语，本题即为这种用法，排除B 项和D 项。its most basic 其最基本的情况。其中，“its”指代“photography”（摄影），符合句意。故选A。

18.She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb

phra s e ―only to learn‖ i s us ed .

A.to express an intended purpose

B.to indicate a high degree of possibility

C.to reveal an undesirable consequence

D.to dramatize a stated fact

【答案】C

【解析】句意：她雇了一名律师进行调查，不料却发现加布里埃尔已将她的名字从契约上移除。only 置于不定式前面，常用于表示结果令人失望或感到意外。only to do 结果却；不料。故选C。

19.Which of the following underlined words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?

A.I wonder what‘s behind this change of plan.

B.Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.

C.This work should have been finished yesterday. I‘m getting terribly behind.

D.I suppose I‘m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.

【答案】B

【解析】题目要求找出划线部分不含比喻意义的选项。behind 本义为“在……的后面”，指实际事物的地理位置或方位。B 项中的“behind”是指这个人相对于吉姆所在的具体地理位置，使用了“behind”的本义，故选B。A 项中的“behind”表示“某事背后的原因”。C 项中的“behind”表示“必须做的亊情在时间上落后”。C 项中的“behind”表示“支持”。

20.My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been

achieved these last 20 years. The underlined part in the sentence expresses .

A.a hypothesis

B.a suggestion

C.a contradiction

D.a surprise

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我母亲曾立志要帮助有需要的人，她应该会为这20 年来所取得的成就感到无比自豪。这句话

中划线部分表示一个虚拟句，“would have＋过去分词”表示一种假设。故选A。

21.When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to , their lawyers used the

videotape as evidence against the prosecution.

A.justice

B.testimony

C.trial

D.verdict

【答案】C

【解析】句意：当参与殴打金的警察首次出庭受审时，其辩护律师用录像带作为反驳控方的证据。根据题干中的“as evidence against the prosecution”可知，前面的句子与“the police officers”受审有关。bring sb. to trial 意为“将某人提交法

庭审理”，符合句意，故选C。

22. the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude

comments about women.

A.Questionably

B.Arguably

C.Contentiously

D.Debatably

【答案】B

【解析】句意：可以说，作为这次竞选中最具争议的候选人，他因粗俗评价女性而受到强烈谴责。arguably 可论证地；可以说。它常用于形容词比较级或最高级前面，来表达观点或看法，故选B。questionably 有问题地；可疑地。contentiously 有争议地；引起争论地。debatably 有争议地；可争辩地。

23.Prices have recently risen in order to the increased cost of raw materials.

A.cut

B.buoy

C.offer

D.offset

【答案】D

【解析】句意：最近涨价是为了补偿原料成本的增加。cut 削减；减少。buoy 维持（利润、价格等的）高水平。offer 给予；提供。offset 抵消；补偿。D 选项符合句意，故选D。

24.The celebrity says in court papers she ―has no of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed

w ith a divorce.‖

A.recommendation

B.recording

C.recollection

D.recognition

【答案】C

【解析】句意：那位名人在法庭文件中说她“不记得有授权过任何人处理离婚事宜。recommendation 推荐；建议。recording 录制品。recollection 想起。have no recollection of (doing) sth.不记得（做过）某事。recognition 认识；

承认。C 选项符合句意，故选C。

25.What actually a good angle—or a good selfie overall—is rooted in what we consider beautiful.

A.consists

B.constitutes

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/337813737.html,poses

D.constructs

【答案】B

【解析】句意：什么才算是合适的角度——或者说总体上是一个不错的自拍——根源于我们视什么为美。constitute 除了表示“组成，构成”，还有“被视为，可算作”之意，符合语境，故选B。consist 为不及物动词，表示“构成”时，需与介词“of”搭配使用。compose 常用于“be composed of”结构中，意为“由……组成”。construct 表示“构建，组成”之意时，主要用于指论点或体系等的构成和创建。

26.The school is going the mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development

program.

A.final

B.further

C.supplementary

D.extra

【答案】D

【解析】句意：多亏了其独特的发展计划，该学校将继续加大力度打造下一代体育明星。go the extra mile to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“加倍努力（以完成某事）”，故选D。final 最后的；决定性的。further 更远的。supplementary 补充的。

27.The teachers‘ union a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing ―deplorable‖s chool conditi ons.

A.fired

B.filed

C.fined

D.filled

【答案】B

【解析】句意：教师工会对该地区提出诉讼，要求整治“恶劣的”学校条件。四个选项中，只有动词“file”可与“lawsuit against 搭配使用”。file a lawsuit against 对……提出诉讼，故选B。fire 发射；解雇。fine 对……处以罚款。fill 充满；装满。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/337813737.html,st March the of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.

A.debris

B.ruins

C.remains

D.wreck

【答案】D

【解析】句意：去年3 月，一支水下考古队发现了一艘19 世纪失事的货船。debris 意为“碎片；残骸”，多指因事故或爆炸等产生的碎片或残骸。ruins“废墟；遗迹”和remains“遗迹；剩余部分”均为复数名词，谓语动词应用复数形式。wreck 意为“沉船；失事船只”，为可数名词单数，符合句意，故选D。

29.She‘s worn his designs on occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.

A.countless

B.countable

C.numerical

D.numeral

【答案】A

【解析】句意：她曾在无数场合都穿着他设计的衣服，从走红毯到参加电影首映礼。countless 无数的，数不尽的，符合句意，且能修饰可数名词，故选A。countable 可数的。numerical 数字的；数值的。numeral 数字的。

30.A leading intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of

piracy and crime against mariners.

A.oceangoing

B.oceanic

C.marine

D.maritime

【答案】D

【解析】句意：一家行内顶尖的海事情报及运营公司发布了一份世界范围内报道的海盗抢劫和针对海员的犯罪事件的分析。从这家公司发布的分析内容“piracy and crime against mariners”可知，该公司搜集“海事”方面的情报。oceangoing 意为“远洋的；驶往外洋的”，用于描述船只。oceanic 海洋的；大海的。marine 海洋的；海产的。maritime 海事的；与船舶有关的。故选D。

PART Ⅳ CLOZE [10 MIN]

Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.

A. accompanies

B. automatically

C. couple

D. goes

E. indebtedness

F. kind

G. manner

H. mercifully

I. one

J. obey

K. renowned L. subscribe M. unknown N. virtue O. widespread

A few years ago, university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response he received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card never inquired into the identity of the (31) professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they (32) sent one in return., This study shows the action of one of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us —the rule for reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in (33) , what another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her (34) in return; if a man sends us a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if a (35) invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By (36) of the reciprocity rule, then we are obliged to the future repayment of favors, gifts, invitations, and the like. S o typical i s it for (37) to accompany the receipt of such things that a term like ―much oblige d‖ has become a synonym for ―thank you,‖ not only in the Engli s h language but in other s a s w ell.

The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation that (38) with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so (39) that after intensive study, sociologists can report that there is no human society that does not (40) to the rule.

【答案与解析】

31.M unknown。空格位于定冠词“the”和名词“professor”之间，故应填入修饰“professor”的形容词或名词。上文

提到，节日贺卡是从那些未见过也未听说过他的人那里寄过来的，说明这些陌生人是不认识教授的。应填入unknown。

32. B automatically。空格所在的分句主干成分完整，因此应填入副词修饰“s ent”。上文提到，那些回寄卡片的人

从未查究教授的身份。可知，收到贺卡，回寄贺卡，是一个自然而然的过程。故应填入automatically。

33.F kind。空格前为介词“in”，因此应填入名词或起名词作用的词作“in”的宾语，且与“in”一同构成介词短

语，修饰“repay”。下文提到，有人送给我们生日礼物，我们也应该在他生日时送礼物；假如别人邀请我们参加派对，我们也要回邀他们参加我们的派对。故“in”与所填的词共同表达“以同样的方式”之意。in kind 以同一方式，故应填入kind。

34.I one。空格前为谓语“do”和人称代词“her”，空格后是介词短语“in return”，“her”指代前面的“a w oman”，

故空格处应填入指代“a favor”的词。选项中，one 用于指代已提及或对方已知道的某人、某物。故填入one。

35. C couple。空格前为不定冠词“a”，空格后为动词“invite s”，因此应填入可数名词单数作主语。根据前面提到的“a

w oman a man”可知，此处也应填入表示人的单词，且空格后出现了“them”，故应填入couple。

36.N virtue。空格前为介词“by”，空格后为“of”，因此应填入名词或动名词作“by”的宾语。根据空格后的

内容可知，此处的活动都是以前面提到的“回报原则”为依据的。by virtue of 为固定搭配，意为“凭借”，故应填入

virtue。

37. E indebtedness。本句为“it is＋adj.＋for sb./sth .to do sth.”的倒装形式，因此空格处应填入名词。根据上文

提到的例子可知，接收这些东西伴随着一种“负债感”，故应填入indebtedne ss。

38.D that。引导的定语从句中缺少谓语动词，且“that”指代“the s en s e of obligation”，因此空格处应填入动词

的第三人称单数形式，作从句的谓语。go w ith 意为“伴随”，符合句意，故应填入goe s。

39.O widespread。空格位于系动词“is”后，且被副词“so”修饰，因此应填入形容词作“is”的表语。上一句就提

到回报原则与随之而来的义务感在人类文化中的“普遍性”，本句空格前的“so”提示此处依然是在强调“普遍性”，故应填入w ide spread。

40.L subscribe。that 引导的定语从句中缺少谓语动词，且空格位于助动词否定结构“does not”后，因此应填入

动词原形。上一句提到，回报原则与伴随而来的义务感在人类文化中的普遍性，此句继续强调它的普遍性。说明，这是所有人类社会都“遵守”或“支持”的原则。subscribe to 赞同；支持。故应填入subscribe。

【全文翻译】

几年前，一位大学教授尝试着做了一个小实验。他给一批完全陌生的人寄了圣诞贺卡。尽管他预料到会得到一些回应，但没想到收到的回复却是惊人的——那些从未见过或从未听说过的人给他寄来的节日贺卡源源不断地涌来。绝大多数回寄卡片的人从未查究过这位不知名教授的身份。他们收到了教授的节日贺卡，然后自动地回寄了一张。这项研究显示的是我们身边最具影响力的武器之——回报原则的作用。这条原则表明，我们应该尽力以同一方式回报他人给予我们的东西。如果一位女士帮我们一个忙，作为回报我们也应该帮她一次；如果一位男士送给我们一件生日礼物，我们应该记住他的生日并送上我们的礼物；如果一对夫妇邀请我们参加聚会，我们肯定要邀请他们参加我们的一个聚会。因此，根据回报原则，我们有义务在将来回报别人的帮助，回赠别人礼物，回邀别人参加我们的活动等。在接收这些东西的同时，通常都伴随着负债感，而这种现象又如此普遍，以至于像“很有义务”这样的词已经变成了“谢谢”的同义词。不仅在英语中，在其他语言中也是如此。

回报原則与随之而来的义务感令人印象深刻的一面是它在人类文化中的普遍性。这项原则如此普遍，社会学家在经过深入研究后可以报告说，没有任何人类社会不赞同这一原则。

PART ⅤREADING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN]

SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

In this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A B C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.

PASSAGE ONE

(1)The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies which were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom i s probably the m os t ba s ic of all A merican value s. By ―freedom,‖A merica ns mean the de s ire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.

(2)There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe that they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.

(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has an equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution no formal class system developed in the US.

(4)There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as a race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from w ork. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.

(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of

it s abundant natural re sources the U nited S tate s appeared to be a ―land of plenty‖w here milli ons could come to s eek their fortune s. The phra s e ―going from ra gs to riche s‖ became a s logan for the A merican dream.

M any people did

achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.

(6)Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways material possessions are seen as evidence of people‘s abilities. Barry Gold water, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.

(7)These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.

41.Para 4 seems to suggest that .

A.Americans are born with a sense of competition

B.the pressure of competition begins when one starts work

C.successful competition is essential in American society

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/337813737.html,petition results in equality of opportunities

42.Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/337813737.html,parison.

B.Cause and effect.

C.Definition.

D.Process analysis.

【答案与解析】

41. C 根据文章第四段最后一句，任何在竞争中失利的群体都无法像成功者那样很好地融入美国生活的主流，可

知，在竞争中取胜在美国社会生活中是至关重要的。故选C。A 项在文中未提及。根据第四段内容可排除

B 项。第四段第一句提到机会平等的代价是竞争，说明“机会平等”是“竞争”的原因之一，但“竞争”不一定会导致

“机会平等”，故D 项错误。

42. B 通读文章可知，文章前两段提到最早的一批殖民者来北美大陆是为了建立不受欧洲社会控制的殖民地，

而代价是人们要自食其力；第三、四段讲美国吸引移民的另一个原因是机会均等，代价是人人都要参与竞争；第五、六段讲美国吸引移民的第三个原因是追求更好的生活，代价是要努力工作。可知，作者在阐述美国人价值观时采用的是因果分析方法，故选B。

【全文翻译】

（1）最早的殖民者来到北美大陆，是为了建立自由地不受欧洲社会控制的殖民地。他们想要摆脱国王和政府、牧师和教堂以及贵族和贵族阶层对他们生活的控制。第一批殖民者所做出的历史性决定对塑造美国人的性格产生了深远的影响。他们通过限制政府和教会的权力并消除形式上的贵族阶层，创造了一种强调个人的自由氛围。个人自由或许是美国所有价值观中最根本的部分。“自由”对美国人来说意味着所有人在不受政府、贵族统治阶级、教会或其他任何权力组织机构的外部干涉的情况下，有控制自己命运的愿望和能力。

（2）然而，这种个人自由是要付出代价的：自力更生。这表示着美国人认为他们应该自食其力，他们的经济和情感通常在18 岁或21 岁之前就脱离父母，尽早地实现独立。

（3）一直以来，美国能够吸引移民的另一个主要原因就是，他们相信，每个人都有平等的机会去参加比赛，获得成功。由于宪法禁止贵族头衔，因此在美国没有形成正式的阶层体系。

（4）然而，这种机会平等也是要付出代价的：竞争。如果把人的大半生看作是一场竞赛，那么一个人就必须参加比赛才能胜出，必须与他人竞争。美国人生活中的竞争压力从孩童时代就开始，一直持续到退休。事实上，任何在竞争中失利的群体都无法像成功者那样很好地融入美国生活的主流。

（5）美国吸引移民的第三个原因是可以来此享有一个更美好的生活。由于自然资源丰富，美国似乎是一片“富足之地”，数百万的人来此寻找致富之路。“从衣衫褴褛到腰缠万贯”这句话成了美国梦的口号。许多人确实在物质上取得了成功。物质财富成为美国人民的一种价值观，也成为公认的社会地位的衡量标准。

（6）然而，为了物质财富，美国人也要付出代价：努力工作。历史上，对于大多数美国人来说，努力工作既是必要的，也是值得的。在某些方面，物质財富被视为人们能力的体现。1964 年的总统候选人巴里·戈德沃特说，大多数穷人之所以穷是他们咎由自取。大多数美国人会认为这话太过苛刻，但也有不少人会认为这话不无道理。

（7）这些基本的价值观并没有完全展现美国人的性格。但是，在我们继续探索美国人性格的诸多方面以及它们如何影响美国人的生活之时，应当把这些基本的价值观当作主题来看。

PASSAGE TWO

(1)The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and—perhaps most importantly—peace.

(2)Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system for recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and awards ceremonies for all kinds of things.

(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is an annual opportunity for big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes apparently for the same thing.

(4)But it‘s not only films—now there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV and awards for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with ―The Da Vinci Code‖for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for a British contemporary artist—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving a lot of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year—building a garden shed.

(5)Awards don‘t only exist for the arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don‘t make much money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren‘t short of cash!

(6)Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own awards ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or got a university degree. Even the British Council ha s it s ow n a w ar ds for ―Innovation in Englis h Language Teaching‖.

(7)Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.

(8)It w ould be poss ible to s ay, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win ―patronage‖from rich people—asking or a lord would give the artist or scientist money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. Scientific research is now either funded by the government or by private companies.

(9)Perhaps awards ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.

(10)However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sells a lot more records.

(11)Most awards ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits—but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!

(12)O n the s urface, it seems to be a ―win-wi n‖situation w ith everyone being happy, but let me

a s k you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?

43.What is the author‘s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars the Golden Globes and Grammies

(Paras.3&4)?

A.Amused.

B.Appreciative.

C.Sarcastic.

D.Serious.

44.According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?

A.They would enjoy a much larger readership.

B.They would turn to popular novel writing.

C.They would continue non-fiction writing.

D.They would try controversial forms of art.

45.Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?

A.Awards ceremonies are held for local people.

B.Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.

C.Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.

D.Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.

46.According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at present lies in .

A.nature of work

B.personal contact

C.source of funding

D.social status

47.It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards .

A.promote market rather than achievements

B.do good to both market and popularity

C.help those who are really talented

D.are effective in making people popular

【答案与解析】

43. C 可定位至第三、四段。第三段提到了最典型的奥斯卡奖的情况，作者认为奥斯卡颁奖典礼上做的无非是

“tell itself how good it is”，“give each other awards”和“make tearful speeches”。介绍金球奖时说该奖项“apparently for the same thing”。第四段第一句提到并不仅仅是电影业如此，如今音乐界……各种奖项也差不多。可知作者对这些奖是凭着不认可的嘲讽语气，故选C。

44. A 根据文章第四段第二句“In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker prize can expect to see their difficult, literary

novel hit the bestseller lists”可知在英国，贏得布克奖的作家有望看到他们创作的艰涩的文学小说登上畅销书排行榜并意味着有更多人买他们的书，也就是更大的读者群体。故选A。

45. D 文章第六段提到，全球各地的许多小城镇和社区也有自己的颁奖典礼，不仅给作家或艺术家颁奖，还会给

从高中毕业或获得大学学位的人颁奖，甚至英国文化协会还会给在英语语言教学上有创新的人颁奖。说明其奖项名目繁多，故选D。

46. C 根据文章第八段过去的科学家和艺术家可以从富人那里获得“赞助”，而现在，科学研究由政府或私营企

业资助。可知，区别在于资金来源不同。故答案选C。文章没有对过去和现在的科学家和艺术家的工作性质进行介绍，也没有介绍科学家和艺术家的社会地位是否发生改变，故A 项和D 项错误。作者并未提及对于现在的艺术家和科学家的个人交际情况，故B 项错误。

47. A 根据第十二段，从表面上看这似乎是双赢局面，但在结尾处作者用“but”提出了质疑，宣传和营销在这里

起了多大的作用，而对成就的真正认可又有多少呢，说明作者认为这些奖项促进的是市场营销情况，而不是肯定成就，故选A。文章第十段提到，电影、小说、音乐作品会因获奖而销量大升，而第十二段却没有提到这些奖项能否提升获奖作品的流行度，故排除B 项。

【全文翻译】

（1）诺贝尔奖开启了奖项的先河。发明了致命性炸药的阿尔弗雷德?诺贝尔决定试着用赚到的钱做一些善事，奖励那些在文学、科学、经济学以及——或许是最重要的和平领域取得进展的人。

（2）也不是所有奖项都与诺贝尔奖一样高尚。尽管大多数国家都有一个奖励体系来认可、致敬和奖励为国

家做贡献的人，但现在为各种名目而设的奖项和颁奖典礼就有几百种。

（3）奥斯卡金像奖很可能是其中最著名的一个奖项，这主要是美国电影业自我吹嘘的好时机，也是一年一度大明星互相颁发奖项并发表煽情演说的好机会。除此之外，还有金球奖，似乎也如出一辙。

（4）并不仅仅是电影业如此——如今音乐界也有格菜美奖、全英音乐奖、水星音乐奖和MTV 音乐奖和Q 杂志音乐奖。在英国，赢得布克奖的作家有望看到他们创作的艰涩难懂的文学小说登上畅销书排行榜，与《达·芬奇密码》这类书竞争。特纳奖是一项专为英国当代艺术家而设立的奖项——每年它都会因为公然将大笔奖金颁发给那些展示自己的床、把动物放在玻璃柜里或者——像今年这样——建造一个花园棚屋的艺术家而引起争议。

（5）不光艺术界有各种奖项。现在还有年度体育风云人物奖、年度欧洲足球先生奖和年度世界足球先生奖。这看上去非常奇怪——有时候，奖励可以是一件好事，比如对值得表彰之人给予认可，或者帮助那些赚钱不多的人继续开展工作而不用担心经费问题，但如今的职业足球运动员可是相当富裕的！

（6）全球各地的许多小城镇和社区也有自己的颁奖典礼，颁给当地的作家、艺术家，抑或仅仅是颁给那些从高中毕业或获得大学学位的人。甚至英国文化协会也设有自己的“创新英语语言教学”奖。

（7）为什么最近才出现这些奖项和典礼？莎士比亚从未得过什么奖，列奥纳多·达·芬奇、亚当·斯密或查尔斯·狄更斯也都没有获过奖。

（8）然而，这有可能是因为在过去，科学家和艺术家可以从富人那里获得“赞助”——国王或勋爵会花钱请艺术家或科学家资金，让他们来为自己的宫殿绘制壁画或帮忙开发赚钱的新方法。随着全球社会制度的变迁，这种情况已不再存在。科学研究现在由政府或私营公司资助。

（9）也许颁奖仪式只是这一过程的最新阶段。

（10）然而，事情可没有这么简单。当一部电影获得奥斯卡奖，就会有更多的人去观看或者购买它的DVD 。当一个作家获得诺贝尔奖，就会有更多的人购买他们的书。当一个组合获得MTV 音乐奖，全世界就会有成千上万的人观看这个颁奖仪式。结果呢？这个组合会卖出更多的唱片。

（1）大多数颁奖典礼现在都是由大机构或大公司主办的。这意味着不仅获奖人受益——赞助商也能受益。比如，MTV 音乐奖不仅仅是对音乐有益，对MTV 自身来说也是非常有益的！

（12）从表面上来看，这似乎是一个“双赢”的局面，每个人都很快乐，但让我来问你一个问题——你认为宣传和营销在这里起了多大的作用，而对成就的真正认可又有多少呢？

PASSAGE THREE

(1)Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was suffering from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband‘s death.

(2)It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband‘s friend Richards was there, too, near her. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard‘s name leading the list of ―kille d‖. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.

(3)She wept at once, in her sister‘s arms. When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.

(4)There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.

(5)She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delic ious breath of rain was in the air. In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which some one was singing reached her faintly, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.

(6)There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.

(7)She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.

(8)She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines indicated repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed out there on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.

(9)There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and thus hard to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the a ir.

(10)Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will—as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.

(11)When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: ―free, free, free!‖ The vacant s tare and the look of terror that had foll ow ed it w ent from her eye s. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.

(12)She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.

(13)There would be no one to live for during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.

(14)And yet she had loved him—sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!

(15)―Free! Body and s oul free!‖s he kept w hi s pering.

(16)J o s ephine w a s kneeling before the cl os ed door w ith her li ps to the keyhole, imploring for admi ss ion. ―Loui s e, open the door! I bee, open the door—you will make yourself ill. What are you doing Louise? For heaven‘s sake open the door.‖

(17)―G o a w ay. I am not making m ys elf ill.‖N o; s he w a s drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药) of life through that open window.

(18)Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.

(19)She arose at length and opened the door. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister‘s waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.

(20)Someone was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his bag and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine‘s piercing cry; at Richards‘ quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.

(21)But Richards was too late.

(22)When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease—of joy that kills.

48.How did Mrs. Mallard get the news of her husband‘s death?

A.Her husband‘s friend told her.

B.She had read it from the paper.

C.Her sister Josephine told her.

D.Her doctor broke the news to her.

49.When Mrs. Mallard was alone in her room, she .

A.sat in an armchair all the time

B.sat with her back facing the window

C.sat and then walked around for a while

D.sat in a chair and cried all the time

50.How did she feel about her love towards her husband?

A.She hated her husband.

B.She was indifferent now.

C.She found it hard to d escribe.

D.She had loved him all along.

【答案与解析】

48.C 根据第二段第一句“It w a s her s i s ter J o s ephine w ho told her”可知这个噩耗是姐姐约瑟芬告诉她的。故选C。而理

查兹（她丈夫的朋友）只是在一旁，而不是告知者，故A 项错误。

49.A 根据第四段提到，房间里放着一把舒服的扶手椅，她一下子瘫坐到椅子上；根据第十九段“She arose at

length and opened the door”可知，马兰德夫人一个人在房里时一直都是坐在扶手椅上的，故选A，C 项错误。根据第四段第一句“facing the open window”可知B 项错误。根据第十二段“she would weep again”可知她现在已经不哭了，故排除D 项。

50.B 根据第十四段第三句第四句“What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of

thi s poss e ss ion of s elf-a ss ertion”可知她现在想的都是重获自由，对丈夫的感情已经漠不关心了。故选B 项。根据第十四段前两句可排除 A 项和D 项。第十四段前两句已经很清楚地描述了她对丈夫的感情，故不难描述，C 项错误。

【全文翻译】

（1）大家都知道马兰德夫人的心脏有毛病，所以大家都尽可能小心翼翼的委婉地告知她丈夫的死讯。

（2）这个噩耗是姐姐约瑟芬告诉她的，话都没说成句。她丈夫的朋友理查兹也在场，就在她身旁。当火车

事故的消息传来时，理查兹正好在报社里，而布伦特里·马兰德的名字就列在“遇难者”名单的首位。紧接其后的第二份电报才让他相信消息的真实性。

（3）她瞬间扑倒在姐姐的怀里，泪如雨下。在暴风雨般的悲伤平静下来后，她独自回到了自己的房间里，不让任何人跟着她。

（4）窗户是开着的，对面放着一把舒服的扶手椅。她一下子瘫坐在椅子上，这种疲惫不仅重重压垮她的身体，似乎也侵入了她的灵魂。

（5）透过窗口，她可以看到屋前广场上的树梢，空气中弥漫着芬芳的雨的气息。一个小贩正在窗下的街道上叫卖着他的货物。远处依稀传来缥缈的歌声，数不清的麻雀在屋檐下叽叽渣渣地叫个不停。

（6）对着她窗口西边的天空上，云朵层层叠叠地堆积着，间或露出一绺绺蔚蓝的天空。

（7）她把头靠在椅背上，非常平静，除了偶尔因喉咙抽泣而有点颤动外，几乎一动不动，就像一个哭着入睡的孩子在梦中还会继续呜咽一样。

（8）她还很年轻，脸庞白皙而安详，脸上细纹透露着一种压抑，甚至是一种力量。但是现在，她的目光有些阴郁，呆呆地凝望着远处白云间的绺绺蓝天。这一瞥并非深思熟虑，而更像是对一个明智的想法迟疑不决。

（9）有一种感觉正在向她靠近，而她正恐惧的等待着。是什么？她不知道。这种感觉太微妙了，她说不清楚。但她能感觉得到，它正在空中蔓延，穿过弥漫于空气中的声青、气味和颜色慢慢地向她靠近。

（10）现在，她的内心骚动不安。她开始认识到那种步步紧逼并渐渐控制她的感觉是什么了。她努力想用自己的意志力把这种感觉击退——可她的意志就像她那白皙纤弱的双手一样软弱无力。

（11）当她放弃挣扎，一个喃喃低语的词从她微微张开的双唇间溢出。她屏住呼吸一遍又一遍地低声重复着：

“自由，自由，自由！”随着那种感觉而来的茫然和恐惧从她的眼里消失了。现在，她的目光透着机敏，炯炯有神。她的心跳加快，沸腾的热血温暖了身体的每一个部位，使她感觉到身心完全地放松了。

（12）她知道，当她见到丈夫那双温柔亲切的双手变得僵硬，那张脸变得毫无表情、灰白如纸的时候，她肯定还会哭的。但在这痛苦之外，她看到了长远的未来，那些只属于她自己的岁月。她张开双臂去迎接那些岁月的到来。

（13）在未来的岁月里，她不再为了别人而活，她只为自己活着。那时，不再有强有力的意志盲目而固执地强加于她的身上，人们总是认为他们有权对自己的伴侣实施这样的个人意愿。

（14）当然，她是爱过他的——有时候是爱他的。但更多的时候是不爱他的。那又有什么关系呢！在独立的意志面前，爱情这未有答案的谜团又算得了什么呢，她突然意识到这是她身上最强烈的一种冲动。

（15）“自由了！身心都自由了！”她不住地悄悄低语着。

（16）约瑟芬跪在紧闭的门外，嘴唇对着锁孔，苦苦地哀求着让她进去露易丝，开开门！求你了，开开门——你这样会得病的。你干什么呢，露易丝？看在上帝的份儿上，开开门吧！”

（17）“走开。我不会让自己生病的。”不会的，她正陶醉在窗外那不息的生命里。

（18）她的想象像脱缰的野马一样狂奔着，她幻想着未来的日子。春天、夏天、那些所有将属于她自己的日子。她飞快地祈祷着生命能够更加长久。而就在昨天，一想到生命那么漫长她还在瑟瑟发抖。

（19）她终于站了起来，打开了门。她眼睛里充满了胜利的激情，她丝毫没有意识到自己表现得就像一位胜利女神一样。她紧搂着姐姐的腰，一起走下楼去。理查兹正站在楼下等着她们。

（20）有人正在用钥匙打开大门。进来的是布伦特里·马兰德，虽略显旅途劳顿，但泰然自若地提着他的包和伞。事发当时他离现场很远，甚至根本就不知道发生的事故。他惊愕地站在那里，听着约瑟芬的尖叫，看着理查兹快速地把他挡在他妻子的视线之外。

（21）但是理查兹还是迟了。

（22）医生来后，他们说她是死于心脏病——死于极度兴奋。

SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.

PASSAGE ONE

51.Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?

【答案】Individual freedom.

【解析】文章中作者一共提到了三种美国社会价值观，即“个人自由、机会平等和对物质财富的追求”。根据第一段倒数第二句“Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all American values”可知个人自由可能是美国所有价值观中最根本的部分。故答案为Individual freedom。

PASSAGE TWO

52.What can be inferred from the sentence ―Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.‖ according to P ara.2?

53.What conclusion can be drawn from Para.5?

【答案与解析】

52.Some awards aren‘t rewards for real a chievements.

(文章第一段作者介绍了诺贝尔奖，认为它确实是奖励了一些对社会各个领域做出贡献的人；根据第二段第一句“N ot all a w ar ds are a s noble a s the N obel s.”可知有些奖项的设立并不是奖励真正为社会进步做出贡献的人，即“有些奖项并不是真正的社会成果”。故答案为Some awards aren‘t rewards for real achievements。)

53.Some awards for sports fail to achieve positive social effects.

(文章第五段作者主要提到了一些体育奖项，并说这些奖项看起来十分奇怪……这些获奖的运动员并不缺钱。

从作者的语气中可以看出，他不认为这些人有什么值得表彰的。而第五段第三句“sometimes awards can be good to give recognition ... w ithout w orrying about finance s”所说的积极影响其实并不存在，故答案为S ome a w ar ds for sports fail to achieve positive social effects。)

PASSAGE THREE

54.What was Mrs. Mallard‘s mood when she was left alone in the room?

55.The doctors said that Mrs. Mallard died of heart disease—of joy that kills. What do you think is the real cause of her

death?

【答案与解析】

54.Her mood changed from distress to

excitement and joy. (文章第四至八段描写她在悲伤地哭泣，而从第九段开始，她的情绪逐渐发生了变化，在第十段明确提到她对即将来临的身心自由感到高兴且兴奋地不停低语。可见她的情绪从悲痛转向兴奋与喜悦。故答案为Her mood changed from distress to excitement and joy。)

55.The real cause was her extreme disappointment.

(文章主要描述了马兰德夫人在得知丈夫死讯后的心理变化。从最初的悲伤大哭，到对自由和未来充满了向往。丈夫的去世本可以让她从婚姻的桎梏中解放出来，但文章结尾处却提到丈夫平安归来，所有的自由和希望都破灭了。因此她是死于极度失望的。故答案为The real cause was her extreme disappointment。)

PART Ⅵ WRITING [45 MIN]

Read carefully the following report, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:

(1)summarize the main message of the report, and then

(2)comment on the two points made by Stephen Corry, Survival‘s Director.

You can support yourself with information from the report.

Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

Report exposes the dark side of conservation

A report launched by Survival International---the global movement for tribal peoples‘ rights—reveals

how conservation has led to the eviction of millions of tribal people from―protected areas,‖since

―pr otected areas‖like national parks should generally be―no go‖for mining,agriculture,dams,roads and pipelines.

Survival‘s report shows that nearly all protected areas are, or have been, the ancestral homelands of tribal peoples, who have been dependent on, and managed them for thousands of years. But in the name of ―cons ervati on‖tribal peoples are being―i llegally driven out‖from these lands and accused of―poaching‖;

meanwhile, tourists and fee-paying big-game hunters are welcomed in.

Bushman Dauqoo Xukuri from the Central Kalahari Game Reserve in Botswana said, ―I sit and look around the country. Wherever there are bushmen, there is game. Why? Because we know how to take care of animals.‖

Survival‘s report concludes that the current model of conservation needs a radical shake-up.

Conservation must stick to international law, protect tribal peoples‘ rights to their lands, listen to them, and then be prepared to back them up as much as they can.

Survival‘s Director Stephen Corry said,―millions are being spent by conservationists every year,and yet the environment‘s in deepening crisis. It‘s time to wake up and realize that there is another way and it‘s much, much better. Firstly, tribal peoples‘ rights have to be acknowledged and respected. Secondly, they have to be treated as the best experts at defending their own lands. Conservationists must realize it‘s they,

【参考范文】

Our Way Out of the Dilemma of Conservation

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