高考英语备考专题：说明文阅读理解策略指导(公开课)导学案

Reading comprehension strategies for expository essays

( Before class )

Preparation

1. Read passages A and B and complete nine comprehension questions.

3. Reflect on the following questions：

1) Could you divide each passage into several parts and summarize the main idea of each part? Compare their structures.

Passage A Passage B

2) How do you usually grasp the main idea of an expository essay?

____________________________________________________________________________ Could you write a summary of passage B within 30 words? Have a try.

(Tips : identify key points, rewrite in a different way, connect and polish them up.)

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 3) When you make inferences, what do you usually do?

_____________________________________________________________________________ Could you design a comprehension question about inferring for passage A ? Have a try.

You’d better design at least two choices.

You may try like this:

?decide on your target information;

?design your question.

?create a correct choice based on your paraphrasing or inferring;

?create other false choices. Try to make them tricky.

_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

Reading materials

A

Our cities have never been denser, taller, or busier than they are now, and with that, comes the constant battle for land. But if we look at aerial images of any city center, we can quickly spot plenty of unused space—the rooftops.

So what can we use this precious resource for? In a growing number of high-density cities, some of it is dedicated to recreation—everything from bars and pools, to soccer pitches and running tracks can now be found atop skyscrapers. But when a rooftop offers access to sunlight, there are two more obvious candidates for its use—agriculture and solar power.

Green roofs have been growing in popularity for more than a decade, and in some cases, growing in scale too. Green roofs can provide a habitat for birds and insects in an otherwise hostile environment.

Cities can be several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside. Green roofs come with the added benefit of mitigating the dreaded urban heat island effect. Trees and green spaces can absorb shortwave radiation, and use it to evaporate water from their leaves—a kind of ‘double cooling’ effect.

With food security and urban nutrition ever-higher on the agenda for the United Nations, there’s also a worldwide movement of using green roofs for hyper-local food production. In regions with suitable climates, hundreds of different vegetables, fruits, and salad leaves can be grown on rooftops.

But what about solar power? With so many cities now stopping using fossil fuels, and the costs of solar panels dropping dramatically, PV systems have become the ‘go to’option for generating distributed power in built-up areas. And, even with standard commercial panels, the energy gains are dramatic. It is estimated that rooftop PV systems could generate almost 40% of electricity demands nationwide.

There’s no doubt that in both cases, a network of ‘productive rooftops’ could benefit the local community by supplying a portion of a necessary resource—either food or electricity—while also reducing their environmental burden. But is one better than the other?

This was the question posed by researchers from MIT and the University of Lisbon in a recent paper in the journal Cities. Focusing on the rooftops of a mixed-use neighborhood in Lisbon, they carried out a Cost-Benefit Analysis. Starting with existing data on everything from installation costs and resources used, to carbon footprint and yield, they modelled the impact that each installation would have on the local community over a period of 50 years.

And by looking at it that way, they concluded that for Lisbon, the use of rooftops for food production could yield significantly higher local value than solar PV energy generation. Of course, this is very site-specific. There is no one-size-fits-all solution to make cities more sustainable, and anyone who tells you otherwise is massively over-simplifying a complex issue. Now, all I hope is that some of those decision makers start using it.

1. According to the passage, green roofs don’t make a difference to ______.

A. medicine

B. agriculture

C. electricity

D. ecology

2. What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph?

A. Lisbon is the perfect targeted city for researchers.

B. In another city, the opposite conclusion can be drawn.

C. The conclusion about Lisbon can apply to all other cities.

D. It doesn’t make sense to install rooftop PV systems in Lisbon.

3. The author writes this article in order to ______.

A. instruct decision makers what to do

B. inform us of the rise of urban rooftops

C. predict two fields where we can use rooftops

D. persuade us to make cities more sustainable

B

Tens of thousands of young in Britain who are struggling with their mental health are seeking help online for problems such as anxiety, self-harm, and depression.

Soaring numbers of under-18s are turning to apps, online counselling and “mood diaries” to help them manage and recover from conditions that have left them feeling low, isolated and, in some cases, suicidal.

A generation of young people are attracted by being able to receive fast, personal care and advice using their phone rather than having to wait up to 18 months to be treated by an NHS mental health professional.

The shift comes as ministers prepare themselves for publication on Thursday of the first new figures for 13 years showing how common mental health problems are in the young mainly as a result of the emergence of social media and its use in fueling feelings of inadequacy.

The number of under-18s using Kooth, a free online counselling(咨询的) service, has shot up from 20,000 in 2015 to 65,000 last year, and is forecast to rise further to 100,000 this year.

One hundred NHS clinical commissioning groups across England, more than half the total, have now commissioned the service. It helps young people suffering from anxiety, low mood, poor self-worth or confidence, self-harm and loneliness.

“Young people like the fact they can talk to a counsellor either instantly, or within 10 minutes, for up to an hour in the evenings. They love that immedia cy”, said Aaron Sefi, the research and evaluation director at XenZone, the company behind Kooth.

“They also love the anonymity involved, because they can sign up without giving their personal details. Plus, they’re in control, because they are choosing to contact us rather than being told to do so.”

In addition, 123,138 people in the UK download. Calm Harm, an NHS-approved app that helps people self-harm less often or not at all, between April 2017 and this month.

“Users tell us that Calm Harm helps with suicidal thoughts and intent,” said Dr. Nihara Krause, the consultant clinical psychologist who developed the app. “Currently 92% of our users, who are mainly female and often aged 15-21, say the urge reduced.”

Calm Harm is among 18 apps that NHS England has endorsed(支持) to help cope with mental ill-health. They also include Bluelce, which helps young people manage their emotions using a mood diary and automatic routing(自动转接) to emergency help numbers if their urges to self-harm continue.

Experts welcomed the trend but warned that online help must complement, not replace, face-to-face appointments with therapists, psychologists and psychiatrists.

“Most young people spend much of their time online, and it can feel easier for them to communicate through messaging and online services than face-to-face,” said Tom Madders, campaigns director at Young Minds, which helps people under 26.

“Evidence-based mental health apps and online support services can be really beneficial in helping young people to look after their own mental health, develop strategies for coping with difficult emotions, and get accessible information and advice when they need it.”

Claire Murdoch, NHS England’s national mental health director, said: “Technology is constantly evolving and young people are usually at the forefront, so it’s no surprise increasing numbers are turning to services like these which can certainly play a part, particularly when backed up by face-to-face support.”

The NHS’s forthcoming long-term plan, due next month, will “harn ess(利用) all of the benefits these advancements can bring”, she added.

Meanwhile, 37% of the young people referred to NHS child and adolescent mental health services (Camhs) in England last year were refused help, the children’s commissioner has revealed.

I n an analysis of Camhs care published on Thursday, the children’s commissioner for England, Anne Longfield, says that despite promises by politicians and NHS bosses to improve access, “a vast gap remains between what is provided and what children need”.

While she found improvements in several areas of care, including care for eating disorders, new mothers and under-18s in the criminal justice system, overall “the current rate of progress is still not good enough for the majority of children who require help but are not receiving it”.

4. Online help can be characterized as ______.

A. instant, confidential and controllable

B. attractive, convenient and symbolic

C. effective, accessible and controversial

D. considerate, authentic and impractical

5. Teenagers suffer from mental problems mainly because______.

A. they lack professional guidance

B. they tend to be more self-centred

C. social media make them feel less confident

D. social media keep them distant from each other

6. Calm Harm helps teenagers to ______.

A. keep a journal of their moods

B. manage their feeling of stress

C. reduce the urge to harm themselves

D. improve their self-identity and confidence

7. Experts believe that online help can ______.

A. strengthen bonds between teenagers with mental illnesses

B. play a role in pushing forward the cutting-edge advance

C. replace face-to-face appointments with professionals

D. serve as a complement to face-to-face appointments

8. According to Anne Longfield, NHS child and adolescent mental health services ______.

A. have lived up to their expectations and promises

B. are reluctant to help teenagers with mental illnesses

C. will complete their ambitious forthcoming long-term plan

D. need to struggle to meet the increasing needs of teenagers

9. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. The popularity of online apps in treating teenagers’ mental illnesses.

B. The contrasts between online help services and face-to-face support.

C. The influence of teenagers’ ment al illnesses on online help services.

D. The drawbacks with the existing adolescent mental health services.

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