初中英语语法 (1)

. 一般现在时的用法

1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用.

时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实.

The earth moves around the sun.

Shanghai lies in the east of China.

3) 表示格言或警句中.

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败.

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时. 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..

4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性.

I don’t want so much.

Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.

比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.

I am doing my homework now.

第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作.再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时.

2. 一般过去时的用法

1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态.

时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等. Where did you go just now

2）表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作.

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 3）句型：

It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"

It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"

It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了.

It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了.

would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示’宁愿某人做某事’

I’d rather you came tomorrow.

4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等.

I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些.

比较：

一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在.

Christine was an invalid all her life.

(含义：她已不在人间.)

Christine has been an invalid all her life.

(含义：她现在还活着)

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.

(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州.)

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.

( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)

注意：用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气.

1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等.

Did you want anything else

I wondered if you could help me.

2）情态动词 could, would.

Could you lend me your bike

3. used to / be used to

used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在.

Mother used not to be so forgetful.

Scarf used to take a walk. (过去常常散步)

be used to + doing：对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词. He is used to a vegetarian diet.

Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)

典型例题

---- Your phone number again I ___ quite catch it.

---- It’s .

A. didn’t

B. couldn’t

C. don’t

D. can’t

答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时.

4. 一般将来时

1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替.

will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在争求意见时常用于第二人称.

Which paragraph shall I read first.

Will you be at home at seven this evening

2) be going to +不定式,表示将来.

a. 主语的意图,即将做某事.

What are you going to do tomorrow

b. 计划,安排要发生的事.

The play is going to be produced next month.

c. 有迹象要发生的事

Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.

3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事.

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事.

He is about to leave for Beijing.

注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用. 5. be going to / will

用于条件句时, be going to 表将来

will 表意愿

If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it a s soon as possible.

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

6. be to和be going to

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事.

be going to 表示主观的打算或计划.

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)

I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)

7. 一般现在时表将来

1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来.这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情.

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

When does the bus star It stars in ten minutes.

2）倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如：

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

3）在时间或条件句中.

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.

I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.

4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后.

I hope they have a nice time next week.

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.

11. 用于现在完成时的句型

1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时.

It is the first time that I have visited the city.

It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2）This is the… that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时.

This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.

这是我看过的最好的电影.

This is the first time (that) I’ve heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌.

典型例题

(1) ---Do you know our town at all

---No, this is the first time I ___ here.

A. was

B. have been

C. came

D. am coming

答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B.

(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before

---No, it’s the first time I ___ here.

A. even, come

B. even, have come

C. ever, come

D. ever, have come

答案 D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时. This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中,从句要用完成时.

注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用.即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的.

（错）I have received his letter for a month.

（对）I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.

12. 比较since和for

Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度.

I have lived here for more than twenty years.

I have lived here since I was born..

My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.

Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.

I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.

My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.

I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.

注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时.

I worked here for more than twenty years.

(我现在已不在这里工作.)

I have worked here for many years.

(现在我仍在这里工作.)

小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间,这一结构中,我们用下面的公式转化,很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使.

1) (对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.

= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.

2) (错) Harry has got married for six years.

= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.

13. since的四种用法

1) since +过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six).

I have been here since 1989.

2) since +一段时间+ ago

I have been here since five months ago.

3) since +从句

Great changes have taken place since you left.

Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.

4) It is +一段时间+ since从句

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.

被动语态的几种类型

1）主语句中有一个宾语的被动语态,如：

He saw her in the shop yesterday.

She was seen in the shop yesterday.

2) 主语有两个宾语的被动语态

Li Lei gave me a chemistry book.

I was given a chemistry book by Li Lei.

A chemistry book was given to me by Li Lei.

3）主动句中含宾语补足语的句子的被动语态

若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加"to".此类动词为

感官动词：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch The teacher made me go out of the classroom.

--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).

We saw him play football on the playground.

--> He was seen to play football on the playground.

若宾语补足语是带to的不定式,那么被动语态仍保留to:

Mother told me not to be late

I was told not to be late by mother.

5）情态动词+ be +过去分词,构成被动语态.

Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.

6）表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组

believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand

It is said that…据说

It is reported that…据报道

It is believed that…大家相信

It is hoped that…大家希望

It is well known that…众所周知

It is thought that…大家认为

It is suggested that…据建议

It is taken granted that…被视为当然

It has been decided that…大家决定

It must be remember that…务必记住的是

It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.

14. 延续动词与瞬间动词

1) 用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用. He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作. (表结果)

I’ve known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了.(表经历)

2) 用于till / until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示"到……,才……" He didn’t come back until ten o’clock.

他到10 点才回来.

He slept until ten o’clock.

他一直睡到10点.

典型例题

1. You don’t need to describe her. I ___ her several times.

A. had met

B. have met

C. met

D. meet

答案 B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述.再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时.

’m sorry to keep you waiting.

---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.

A. have been

B. had been

C. was

D. will be

答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现

. 不定式作宾语

1) 动词+ 不定式

afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand

desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake

举例：

The driver failed to see the other car in time.

司机没能及时看见另一辆车.

I happen to know the answer to your question.

我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案.

2）动词+不定式；动词+宾语+不定式

ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…

I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁.

I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁.

I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话.

I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话.

3）动词+疑问词+ to

decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell

Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做.

There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种.

注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时,谓语动词用单数.

The question is how to put it into practice.

问题是怎样把它付诸实施.

2. 不定式作补语

1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)

advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn

例句：

a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.

父亲不让我们在街上玩耍.

b. We believe him to be guilty.

我们相信他是有罪的.

Find 的特殊用法：

Find 后可用分词做宾补,或先加形式宾语,再加形容词,最后加带to 的动词不定式.find后也可带一个从句.此类动词还有get,have.

I found him lying on the ground.

I found it important to learn.

I found that to learn English is important.

典型例题:

The next morning she found the man ___ in bed,dead.

A. lying

B. lie

C. lay

D. laying

答案：的宾语后面,用分词或分词短语,起宾语补足语作用.现在分词表达主动,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动.

2) to + be 的不定式结构,作补语的动词.

Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand

We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.

我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一.

典型例题

Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.

A. to invent

B. inventing

C. to have invented

D. having invented

答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D.. 此句只说明发明这一个事实,不定式后用原形即可.而C为现在完成时,发明为点动词一般不用完成时,且此处也不强调对现在的影响,因此不选C.

3) to be +形容词

Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…

The book is believed to be uninteresting.

人们认为这本书没什么意思.

4) there be+不定式

believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand

We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里. 注意：有些动词需用as 短语做补语,如regard, think believe, take, consider.

We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师.

Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲.

. 不定式作主语

1） It’s easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了

easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;

the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough

It’s so nice to hear your voice.

听到你的声音真高兴.

It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

当你不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的.

2) It’s very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好.

Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)

例句:

It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢,竟然相信了他.

It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了.

注意：1) 其他系动词如,look,appear等也可用于此句型

2) 不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式.

3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型

(对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见.

(错)It is to believe to see.

4. It’s for sb.和 It’s of sb.

1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的.

2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right.

It’s very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了.

for 与of 的辨别方法：

用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子.如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for.如：

You are nice. (通顺,所以应用of).

He is hard. (人是困难的,不通,因此应用for.)

3) 祁使句（Imperative Sentence）

祈使句往往是用来表示说话人的请求、命令、要求、建议,等等.祈使句的主语常被省略,因为这个主语很明确地是听话人"you".当然,有时为了强调或表示某种感情,句子也会带上主语.

祈使句的谓语用动词原形；它的否定形式是句首用Don't + 动词原形,或是Not to + 动词原形.例如：

Be quiet , please ! （大家）请安静.

Stand up ! 起立!

Don't smoke in the office . 请不要在办公室吸烟.

Don't be standing in the rain . 别站在雨里.

Not to be careless when you're driving a car . 开车时不要粗心大意.

4) 感叹句（Exclamatory Sentence）

感叹句表示说话人的喜悦、气愤、惊讶等强烈的情绪.这类句子中,有很多是由What或How 引起的.What 用来强调名词,How则强调形容词、副词或动词.这类句子的构成只需将所强调或是说,所感叹的对象放到句首；句子无需倒装,句子要用正常语序. 当然,如果不用这种句型,而句子（无论是那种句子）本身又表示了上述的种种情绪,那么该句也就成了感叹句.例如：

What a fine day it is today ! 今天天气多好啊!

How fine it is today ! 今天天气多好啊!

What a lovely son you have !你有个多可爱的儿子啊!

How lovely your son is ! 你的儿子多可爱

完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

初中英语语法大全

初中英语语法大全 名词 一名词的定义：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二名词的分类： 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 注意 专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 名词的种类 注意 物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。 （三）名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式： 1.单数 英语中，如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时，要用名词的单数

形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。 There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子 an new orange （×）→ a new orange （○） 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk （×）→ an old desk （○） 一张旧课桌 关键字：初中英语语法大全初中英语语法总结初中英语语法辅导英语语法大全名词复数名词所有格复数冠词抽象名词 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前，如a book，a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前，如an egg，an apple。 注意 有时a，an后面紧接的不是单数名词，而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时，要看形容词开头字母的发音，而不是看名词。 2.复数

初中英语语法教学策略分析

龙源期刊网 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3516208672.html, 初中英语语法教学策略分析 作者：邓春霞 来源：《学习与科普》2019年第07期 摘要：英语初中的一门重要课程，在教学过程中，老师不仅要引导学生对英语基础知识 如单词、短语进行学习，还需要引导学生对英语语法进行学习和理解。英语语法的教学关系到英语整体教学效果的提高，也会对学生后续学习和发展产生深远影响。基于此，有必要结合初中英语教学的特点的学生身心发展特点制定科学有效的英语语法教学策略，从而达到良好的教学效果，帮助学生有效掌握英语知识，为学生后续学习打下基础。 关键词：初中英语语法教学策略 根据新课标的相关内容，初中英语教学不仅要引导学生对相关的基础知识进行学习掌握，还需要引导学生初步学习掌握英语语法知识。由于语法是引领英语学习的一个关键，因此如果学生不能有效掌握语法，就很难将其他基础知识如单词、短语、读音、理解等融为一体，其英语整体学习效果就很难得到提高。基于此，老师必须高度重视语法的教学，在实践环节，老师要结合英语语法教学规律和学生的学习水平，科学制定对应的教学方法和策略，以有效激发学生的学习热情，达到科学有效的教学效果。 一、在教学中要注意激发学生学习语法的兴趣 老师在实施教学的过程中要坚持兴趣教学法，这是因为兴趣是最好的老师，只有学生对学习内容具有强烈兴趣，才能达到良好的教学效果。初中生在学习英语过程中普遍存在的一个问题就是觉得英语单词众多，需要记忆的内容太多，语法难以理解，发音不准，不能顺利完成阅读或者理解，这使得学生在英语学习过程中难以获得良好的成就感和获得感，进而影响到学生的学习乐趣，降低了学生对英语学习的热情和兴趣。这就是很多学生在英语学习过程中难以取得成效的一个关键原因，基于此，老师在实施教学的过程中，要注意培养学生对英语学习的兴趣。为了达到这个效果，老师要结合学生的英语水平开展针对性教学，为不同英语水平的学生设计对应难度的教学内容，从而帮助学生在学习过程中不断获得收获，进而有效提高学生的学习获得感，促使学生对英语学习产生自信，在此基础上进一步进行引导，就可以激发学生对英语学习产生兴趣。此外，为了增加学生参与英语学习的积极性，老师还可以针对教学方法和教学模式进行改进，比如可以组织学生进行游戏教学法，也就是将游戏融入到具体的教学中去，也可以在游戏中引导学生对相关的英语内容进行学习，这种转变有助于改变初中英语课堂枯燥单一的教学氛围，将学生代入具体的教学环境中去，从而给学生带来耳目一新的教学体验，增加学生在英语学习过程中的趣味感和获得感，进而促使学生更好地掌握相关的语法知识内容，达到良好的教学内容。 二、把语法放在语境中进行教学，增添课堂教学的趣味性

初中英语语法知识—动词的全集汇编含解析(1)

一、选择题 1．This my sister and those my brothers. A．is, is B．are, are C．is, are 2．—________ Mary________ fruit? —Of course. A．Is; like B．Does; likes C．Does; like D．Do; likes 3．These chicken wings taste ________. I want more. A．well B．wonderfully C．nice D．bad 4．I don’t have a baseball, but Alan A．do B．does C．have D．has 5．Our school basketball team ________ in the final of the basketball competition. Another team from No.5 Middle School ________ doing very well too. A．is; isn’t B．are; aren’t C．is; are D．are; is 6．—Why ______ you so busy these days? —Because they arrived ______ London ______ the morning of July1. A．are; in , in B．are; in , on C．do; on , in D．do; at , on 7．—When you free last week? — Well, I have a free day because there was too much work. A．did; didn’t B．were; didn’t C．were; wasn’t D．did; wasn’t 8．—Hey, Jack. Do you want to go to the library? —That ________ great. I love reading. A．hears B．looks C．sounds D．listens 9．—The books on the table_________ Mike’s, right? —Yes, they are. A．am B．is C．are 10．—Where_______you come from? —I______from Japan A．are; am B．are; come C．do; come 11．________he_______big________? A．Does; has; foot B．Does; have; feet C．Do; have; foots 12．Colours can change our moods and make us happy or sad . A．feel B．to feel C．felt D．feeling 13．—I am feeling ill. What should I do? — eating junk food and breakfast every day. A．Stop; having B．Stop; have C．To stop; have. D．To stop; to have 14．2019 has come. I hope everyone can make his dream ________. A．came true B．come true C．comes true D．coming true 15．—Do you know whom they will have ________the parts of car together?—Sorry,I have no idea.

初中英语语法大全

初中英语语法大全 最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！太平洋英语，免费体验全部外教一对一课程：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3516208672.html, 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at nigh t I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原）将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处

初中英语语法总结(完整)

英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class.

我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了（工作）。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底，他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。） 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。

浅谈初中英语语法教学的基本策略

浅谈初中英语语法教学的基本策略 国培英语《一班》朱明琼 [摘要]本文从教师如何帮助学生学习语法的角度，重点强调了完整步骤化教学策略，训练有效记忆策略和整理归类、区别对待等策略在课堂语法教学中的含义及运用。只有加强语法教学才能使学生的语言能力不断提高。 [关键词]英语教学语法教学策略 与传统的语法教学的不同之处在于，今天的语法教学以提高学生的外语交际能力为目标。语法教学是句法（Syntax）、语义（Semantics）和语用（Pragmatics）三方面教学的结合，语法学习缺少任何一方都是不完整的。 完整步骤化教学策略 一.含义及适应情境 完整步骤化教学策略指教师在进行语言形式的教学过程中，应策划一系列完整、有步骤的教学活动。学生通过这些步骤掌握语言知识，最终达到运用语言形式进行交际的目的。应用该教学策略，教师应引导学生走过一个从不知到知之、直至用之的过程，在此过程中，呈现指学生以何种方式接触将要学习的语言现象，教师的任务是如何表明其构成及意义。应先让学生接触语言现象或为学生提供运用这种语言现象的情境，使学生自己经过疑问、猜测、探索的过程，在教师的帮助下总结归纳。练习指教师要提供足够的时间与活动，使学生练习所学的语言结构，确保学生能准确地掌握语言知识。运用指在学生理解并掌握语言形式及其意义之后，教师要为学生提供可运用语言知识的机会。该教学策略适用于各阶段知识的讲解和训练，主要针对语法教学。 二．教学中对语法的一些认识 1、从学生生活实际出发，激活元认知。 课堂教学中，特别是语法教学中，教师要注意激活（activate）学生的元认知（meta －knowledge），通过日常对话，谈论学生最感兴趣的话题，将学生的原有知识活跃出来，使其具有粘合新知识、构成新认知结构的活力。话题必须从学生生活实际出发，教

初中英语语法知识—名词的全集汇编含答案解析

一、选择题 1．There was no bus in that small town. We had a_______ walk to get to the museum. A．5 kilometers B．5 kilometer’s C．5-kilometer D．5-kilometers 2．-Can I help you? -Yes. I'd like__________ rice. A．a small bar of B．a slice of C．a large bag of D．a piece of 3．There are two________ near our school. A．shoe shops B．shoes shops C．shoe's shops D．shoes' shops 4．With the ________ of society, our environment is becoming worse and worse. So we should do what we can ________ our environment. A．development; to protect B．developing; to protect C．development; protect D．develop; protect 5．—Why do you get up so early? —Because my home is far from the science museum. It’s ________bus ride. A．fifty-minutes B．fifty minute’s C．fifty-minute’s D．fifty minutes’6．—There are beautiful flowers everywhere to celebrate the National Day, and we have —________ holiday. That means we have seven days ________ for this public holiday. A．a seven-day; off B．a seven-days; away C．seven-day; over D．a seven-days’; off 7．My mother often________when she was a young girl. A．keep diaries B．keep diary C．kept diaries D．kept diary 8．—Kate, I will go to the Guangzhou Zoo next week, because I will have a ________ holiday —You mean you can have ________ off? Oh, that’s great! A．three-day; three days B．three- day; three days’ C．three days’; three-day D．three days; three days 9．—What is your _______, Lingling? —I really enjoy reading _______ stories at night. A．interests; interesting B．interests; interest C．interest; interesting D．interesting; interest 10．—What can I do for you? —Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and . A．some chickens B．any chicken C．some chicken 11．—It’s convenient(方便的) to travel from Suzhou to Shanghai by car? —Yes. It’s said that_________is enough. A．two hours drive B．two-hours drive C．two hour’s drive D．two hours’ drive 12．—Do you think it is _______good advice? —Yes, it’s really _______useful suggestion.

初中英语语法大全(必备)

初中英语语法大全(必备)

英语语法大全： 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do （例如:I like watching monkeys jump） 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同····一道，伴随······（例如: I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树） 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）（例如: ask you for my book ） 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时（例如：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾（例如: At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 （例如: I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v.原) = can (+ v.原）能够……（例如: She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么（例如:she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕……（例如: I'm afraid to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么（例如: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视、I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气（例如: Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样（例如: She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to感到羞愧 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害（例如: Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于

初中英语语法教学策略反思

初中英语语法教学策略 语法是一套机械的、可分析的规则；是一种表述意义的方式（way of saying something）;是一种功能与意念的表达方式(way of expressing notions and ideas);传统的三维语法观：形式、意义与使用（from, meaning, use）。 当前新课程改革的重点是“要改变英语课程过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授，忽视对学生实际语言运用能力的培养的倾向（1）。”新课程标准强调语法功能，而不是语法形式，强调在语言实践中理解和运用语法知识，而不是仅仅记忆语法知识。在过去的英语语法教学中，存在的问题和困难是教师注重知识的传授，轻视技能训练；重详细讲解，轻反复练习；重书面练习，轻口头练习；重语法分析，轻语法使用；重掌握规则，轻掌握实例。语法教学要以实践为纲，以技能为核心。新课程改革就是要改变传统语法教学的某些教学方法和倾向，更新教学理。 初中英语语法是很多初中生的一大学习瓶颈，英语语法固有的单调性，无趣性，复杂性，此外，传统的语法教学以讲解语法规则和语法术语为主，很少联系到实际的语言运用上，不能直接促进语言运用能力，因此是语法很难被学生接受，因为英语语法没有固定的书本教我们到底该如何怎样样去学习，我们只能在不断的教学经验的积累，教学过程中摸索适合学生的方法。通过培训，我觉得以下方法可以对学生英语语法学习有所帮助。 1）讲故事 故事法可以用于时态的教学中，教师可以利用图片或是提供单词让学生接力编故事。例如在学习过去时，老师给予话题Li lei’Y esterday，并准备下列单词卡： open，ring，put on，brush，wash，listen，read，have，go，take，begin，study，do，eat，play等，接着教师说出故事开头，要求学生运用所给的动词的过去式续编故事。激发学生想象力，拓展学生的发散思维能力，故事还可以调动学生学习积极性，激发学习兴趣。 2）语法教学情景化 语法教学情景化是指教师在课堂上设置一些真实性和准真实性情景来感知和运用语法知识。情景的生动性和形象性，有助于提高学习兴趣，有助于学生理解信息，触景生情，激活思维。根据新《课标》的指导思想和语法教学，我们可以设置多样化、多功能的语法情景化教学方式。 在讲授新的语言现象时，教师可以尽量利用实物图片、真实的语境、体态语言以及多媒体等手段设置情景，再依次将新的语言材料展现出来，引导学生从中领会新的语法规则，然后教师给学生大量的口、笔实践机会，如两两对话、表演等。在多次语言实践后，归纳和小结有关的语法规则。 在教授现在进行时态时，教师一边作动作一边说含有现在进行时态的句子。例如，教师一边关门一边说:"I am closing the door.”打开窗子时一边说“I am opening the window.”在教室里走来走去说:"I am walking.”在黑板上写字说:"I am writing.”再叫一个学生读书，教师说:"He is reading.”叫几个学生唱歌，教师说:"They are singing."利用动画课件，教师用“What are they doing ?”学生回答出动画中正在作的动作。这样一直练下去，学生就会在真实的情景中学习句型、会话，在实践中运用语法知识。然后在教师的启发和指导下，由学生自己归纳、总结进行时态的构成及用法，使学生能从成功中获得喜悦。

初中英语语法知识—名词的全集汇编附答案(1)

一、选择题 1．In fact (事实上), she ________ ________ many ________. A．doesn’t has; toies B．don’t has; toies C．doesn’t have; toys D．don’t have; toys 2．— Do you know all the names in your class, Mr King? —No, only part of them. A．student B．students C．stu dent’s D．students’ 3．Is it a picture_________ your school? A．of B．to C．and D．with 4．There are two________ near our school. A．shoe shops B．shoes shops C．shoe's shops D．shoes' shops 5．—Do _________ like going to ___________? —I don’t know. A．woman teachers, clothes shops B．women teachers, clothes shops C．woman teachers, sport shops D．women teachers, vegetables shops 6．---- _________ is it from Nanjing to Beijing? --- It’s less than three ___________ flight. A．How long, hour’s B．How far, hour’s C．How long, hou rs’D．How far, hours’ 7．Look at the________on the ground, and it’s telling us autumn has come. A．leaves B．leaf C．leafs D．leafes 8．People in western countries will get together to eat turkeys and celebrate harvest（丰收）on ________, just like our Mid-Autumn Day. A．Thanksgiving Day B．Christmas Day C．National Day 9．—I hear your family have made up their ________ to India next month. Have a pleasant journey. —Thank you. A．mind travelling B．minds travelling C．mind to travel D．minds to travel 10．Some ________went to Japan to help when they knew that many ________ lost their homes in the earthquake. A．Germen; Japanese B．Frenchmen; Japaneses C．Germans; Japanese 11．Good food and_______help her_______better. A．exercise; study B．exercise; studies C．exercises; studying D．exercises; to study 12．—Do you think it is _______good advice? —Yes, it’s really _______useful suggestion. A．a; an B．/; a C．a; a D．/; an 13．— How much are the __________?

初中英语语法大全

初中英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词 动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面名词或代词与其他句子成分关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主、谓、宾、定、状、表、宾补。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你

初中英语语法总结(完整)

初中英语语法总结(完整) 【注】 构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下一般完成进行完成进行现在现在一般时do现在完成时have done现在进行时is doing现在完成进行时have been doing过去过去一般时did过去完成时had done过去进行时was doing过去完成进行时had been doing将来将来一般时will do将来完成时will have done将来进行时will be doing将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来过去将来一般时would do过去将来完成时would have done过去将来进行时would be doing过去将来完成进行时would have been doing英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。 要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。

1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。H e usually goes to work at7 o’clock every morning、他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。W e are having English class、我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。T hey have lived in Beijing for five years、他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4、一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot、他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5、过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。B eijing was hosting the29th Olympic Games in August全文结束》》、在xx年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。