2015太原理工大研究生口语考试准备最终版

目录

精读课文部分： (1)

1. If you are a manager whom would you like to hire? “Key players” or “newbies”? (1)

2. What d o you think is the ideal relationship? (2)

3.What are the factors that cause stress? Is stress good for us or not? Stressful situations. Techniques for reducing stress. 3

4.Do you think that the basic nature of human beings d oes not change? Is Human nature good or evil? (4)

5.What d o you think is the purpose of education? Do you want to further your study in an overseas country? Why or why not? Which do you think is more important, higher education or job training? (5)

6.Do you agree with the statement “What doesn’t kill you actually makes you stronger”? Why or why not?Have you had the experience of going through a very difficult situation and coming out as a better person? Or do you know someone who has experienced this? (7)

7.How d o you cope with the problems the Web brings to you? How shoul d the issue of copyright be deal with? Do you think science and technology is an angel or a monster? (8)

8. Have you notices the problem in China that buildings are in a state of a “clashing of different taste”? What do you think of the tend ency to design sustainable buildings (10)

9. Why should we preserve biodiversity? What’s the relationship between human and nature? How d o they interact each other? (10)

听说课文部分： (12)

1.How to make a good first impression/interview? (12)

2.What’s your ideal job? What’s important for you in a job? (13)

3. Are there any transportation problems where you live? (14)

Do you have any solution? (14)

4.Describe your perfect vacation. Have you ever visited another country? What are the most popular tourist attractions where you live? (15)

5.Environmental problems. (16)

6.What kind of criminal do you know? Tell a story about criminal. (17)

7.How have you changed since you were a chil d? What’s your favourite childhood memory? (19)

8. The important things during a conversation (20)

9.What are your attitudes toward problem solving? (21)

10. do you usually show or hide your feeling? (22)

11.Which is the best place to live? Big city? Small town? Advantages and disadvantages? (23)

12.Your first day of high school (25)

13.The study techniques you use. (26)

14. What’s necessary for success? (27)

15.Could money buy happiness? (28)

17.How to lead a healthy life? (29)

19. What qualities are necessary for friends? Describe your perfect partner/friend (30)

20.What advice would you foll ow when you are hiking? (31)

21.Are you a risk-taker? Have you had an exciting experience? (33)

22、Trip/Vocation/ (34)

23、historical event： (35)

24、qualities in a friend (35)

25、expressing yourself (36)

26、pets (37)

27、Rare Animals (38)

研究生口语考试话题总结（一）

精读课文部分：

1. If you are a manager whom would you like to hire? “Key players” or “newbies”?

A:HELLO~

B: nice to meet you.

C: nice to meet you too.

A: here, I have a question for you. If you are a manager whom would you like to hire? ―Key players‖ or ―newbies‖?

B :I would you like to hire Key players

C: I would you like to hire newbies.

A: Please tell the reasons why you choose them.

B: I would you like to hire newbies,because college students can bring fresh blood to the company.

C: but don‘t you think they have no experience of work?

A: I agree with C . This problem would make a difference to your work.

B: It may be costly to train them into skillful workers, but they have some advantages over the key players. Newbies are young, and they can endure hardship. It‘s easier to shape them into the sort of workers that the company wants. They often demand less. They are more obedient.

A:OK . It seems to have some truth.

B:So, C, can you tell me your reasons why you want to hire key players?

C: If I was a manager, I would hire ―key players‖. They are much experienced, and adaptive to the new environment in a short time.

A:I agree with you very much, C. Most of the ―key players‖ are c ooperative, risk-tolerant and good at interpersonal relationships. They can be counted on to take up certain responsibilities.

C: yes !that is right! We would save both money and time which otherwise would be spent in the training of newbies.

B:It is very reasonable of your opinions. But I have a question. If the managers always want to hire ―Key players‖ the ―newbies‖ would have no chance to have a good job . How can the graduated college students find their ideal jobs?

A:In my opinion. the graduated college students should choose the jobs without high salary.

C:Yes. It can help ―newbies‖ gain some useful experience approach society.

A:For a company, I think it needs to have a certain kind of training courses, for newly graduated students. Usually employe es gaining skills through company‘s training are more loyal than those who have enough experiences already.

B:Yes, employees in this kind of companies will have a clear career plan for themselves, they can see what kind of people they would become after working a certain time, and this will increase their loyalty to the company. C: It depends on the size and development of a company. For Top 500 Global corporations of course, they will have a series of training and a complete personnel system and training plans.

A：You are right, but for medium-sized companies, they would need to think in more economic ways, they don‘t necessarily need to invest time and money into newbies whom they don‘t know if can be trained into qualified or not, however, key players can immediately work according to requirement.

B：Well, but key players are more likely to change their jobs. This will also to some extent lead to time and money waste. What‘s more, in my opinion, to hire newbies and give them enough chances are closely rela ted to Corporate Social Responsibility. A company shall not only care about the profit, but also their social responsibilities, only by this way, we can achieve the goal of building a harmonious society.

C: You are saying something too ideal, and this will take a long time to be realized. We are now discussing a topic

in realty. Key players usually have more ideas towards what they do and they are more of innovation which help a company develop rapidly.

B: In a short time, this maybe true, but if trained properly, newbies may have more innovated ideas because they are more easily to accept and create new ideas and these ideas may be more beneficial.

C: The managers would need to be intelligent enough to search for such kind of newbies.

A: Yeah, this is what the managers need to do.

B: Exactly, it is their job to find talented employees rather than the experienced ones.

C: Yes, but how about talented and experienced ones. They will quickly adapt to new environment and make contribution as fast as possible.

A: Both of your opinions are reasonable. Key players and newbies should be given equal chance.

2. What do you think is the ideal relationship?

A:As the high-speed development of society, the ideal relationship has gain a wide and extensive attention. What do you think is the ideal relationship?

B:It is essential for social sustainable development to obtain ideal relationship of interpersonal connection. Especially for close friendship, ideal relationship not only is mutual trust and common progress, but also has same values and visions. All around us, several close friends can hardly acquire ideal relationship, they play computer games together and keep up with the joneses each other unwholesomely, which causes harmful behavioral habits and damages physical health. In my opinion, mutual improvement and getting good physical and mental development are indispensable for ideal relationship of close friendship.What is essential for a long-term relationship?

C: It is no denying that keeping trust plays a important role in a long-term relationship, once cheat replace the trust, it is long-term relationship that would not exist. Trust is a bridge connecting each other‘s heart, while cheat is a bottomless chasm. However, not only common language but common interest is required to maintain a stable friendship. Most importantly, it is mutual understanding that reclaim a new land for friendship to grow and mellow. Common interest and trust and mutual understanding is essential for a long-term relationship. People say it is difficult to maintain a long-term relationship nowadays. What do you think of this?

A: it is difficult to maintain a long-term relationship in our daily life, there are a mounting number of reasons accounting to this phenomenon. First of all, everyone is selfish and want to get maximum profits from the common cause, therefore it usually damages the harmonious atmosphere so that we can‘t preserve a long-term relationship. Moreover, currently our society lacks of trust between the two persons, such as food security, drug security, false advertisements and so on. This reasons prompt us not to establish a sustainable long-term relationship. Last but not least, sufficient temptations can‘t make us firm individual standpoints, which leads to erratic behaviors in a long-term relationship. But I think these reasons can‘t be excuses of distrust.

B: To better solve this problems, more importantly, concerted efforts from governments and individuals are taken urgently, the governments should set a series of laws and regulations so as to norm the social order. For an individual, we should keep a good habit of resisting temptation which is aimed at maintain a long-term relationship.

C: Therefore, we should maintain a long-term relationship and an ideal relationship in order to make our life more and more healthy and harmonious. That‘s all, thanks.

3.What are the factors that cause stress? Is stress good for us or not? Stressful situations. Techniques for reducing stress.

A：B, do you often feel stressed?

B: yes.

A: And what factors do you think cause stress?

B: Sometimes the stress comes from inside, rather than outside. Stress comes from lacking of ability. When I feel I can‘t do something well or I can‘t finish my work in time, I will be stressed. You even can stress yourself out just by worrying about things.

A: C, How do you think?

C: first, I think School is the biggest cause of stress especially for students. I always feel stressful before the exams, such as this one. Or before having speeches in front of colleagues. Then comes the jobs stress. Such as Being unhappy in your job, having a heavy workload or too much responsibility, working long hours and working under dangerous conditions.

B: I think Family stresses is another important one. Examples are: the death of a loved one, divorce, moving to a new home, and taking care of an elderly or sick family member.

C: And any major life change can be stressful -- even a happy event like a wedding. More unpleasant events, such as a divorce, major financial setback, or death in the family can be significant sources of stress.

A：Yes, since stress is an unavoidable part of life, is it good for us or not?

B: In small doses, stress can actually be beneficial to us. Stress can help push us into action. even helping to keep us focused on the problem at hand. For example, exams give us stress while it makes us study harder. This type of stress is good.

C: yes, it is only when the stress becomes too great, affecting our physical or mental functioning, that it becomes a problem and require an urgent solution to reduce stress. such as the stress experienced by people with some disabilities.

A: Or Being abused as a child.

C: yes.

A: so we can divide them into two parts, good stress and bad stressed. Most stresses that activate us are considered to be good. And any stress that is long-term and brings about long-term anxiety is considered to be bad for our health. Anything that turns your world upside-down is bad stress. We all want to feel safe and secure, but we cannot always count on things being the same. We experience different things in our lives that turn our world upside down and cause us to feel stress. B, do you know some stressful situations?

B: I think death of a loved one makes people stressful. This is something which we can do little about. Many people recover from this stressor and continue with their lives. Others never fully recover. Then comes the major illness. One person being ill does not just affect that person, but everyone around him or her. A major illness is one of the worst stressors we can endure as it can go on for years.

C: yes, and Divorce. Even if we are glad to get rid of our ex-partner, divorce is a major stressor in our lives. In addition to causing us to feel stress, it can also stress out our children. Wh at‘s more, losing a job often results in depression as well as anxiety. You will probably experience stress after you get a new job.

A: And in some cases, happy events such as the birth of a child, marriage, or even a new job can lead to stress. But there is good news still. There are many techniques that can be used to reduce stress in life , do you know some?

B: First, you should have a healthy lifestyle. A healthy balanced diet can provide us with the energy we need. Certain foods such as banana can lift mood. Exercise can increase energy and is believed to affect mood and makes us feel happier.

C: Relaxation is also important. Sleep – a good night sleep helps reduce stress. However, a regular routine with sleep can help, get up at the same time every day. breathing exercises, going for a walk or even having a hot bath. All of this reduces stress levels.

A: yes. And when you stressed, you can take a 5-minute break and focus instead on your breathing. Or talking about problems with others.It helps relieve stress and also can help you moving on.

4.Do you think that the basic nature of human beings does not change? Is Human nature good or evil?

A:Hi, B! I‘ve seen you walked out of the library, what have you been studying for recently?

B:Oh, hey! My tutor just asked me to do a research, I was trying to search some information in the library. C:Hi, you two! What are you talking about?

B:We are discussing about A‘s research.

C:Interesting! What‘s the topic?

A:People‘s opinion on the basic human nature, like…eh…does it change, or, is it good or evil…something like that. C:Whoa, that‘s sounds very abstruse. Have you got some researching plans?

A:Yes, I decide to make some interviews with different people, and analyze their answers…talking about my plan, oh, I‘v e got an idea!

B:What?

A:Since we‘ve met here, you two can just be my interviewers!

C:That‘s ok! I‘m glad to help you with your research.

B:I‘m glad, too.

A:Thanks! So, do you think that the basic nature of human beings does not change?

B:Well, I think bas ic human nature doesn‘t change.

A:You do? Why?

B:I think only the surface that is capable of alteration, improve and refinement. I mean, we can alter only people‘s customs, manners, dress and habits.

C: I agree with you.

B:Moreover, I think no one wishes his nature to change. For example, one may covet the position of President or King, but would not change places with them, unless it meant the continuance of his own identify.

C:Yes, nowadays, each man sees himself as unique, and so far as he is concerned the center of the universe, and different from any other individual. When Mr. Smith is mistaken for Mr. Jones, then the one who made mistake should apologize.

B:Yes! That‘s what exactly I meant! A, what do you think about this problem?

A:Me? Eh…I think eve ry man has a unique character. No two people will ever draw the same conclusions from the same experiences, but each one will analyze them in his own way and fit them into the mosaic of his own life's pattern. Human nature is ever true itself, not to systems of faith or education. The qualities born in one remain as potentials whether they have a chance to develop or not. They may disappear from view for considerable periods of time when people are under pressure, or change of interest, but nothing can permanently change them, nothing can erase them.

C:So, to some extend, we three share the same opinion on this problem!

A:Yes! All right, let‘s move on to the next question.Is Human nature good or evil?

C:Good of course!

A:Reasons are?

C:I think man is perfect when he is born, just as a seed, the spirit is perfect, but when it inhabits human structures, it becomes less perfect, and during its association with the outside world, it shows the mortal weakness, desires and limitations. But the spirit, the inner man, remains untouched and undefiled by evil. Only the outer man, I mean the personality and the physical body, will become imperfect, due to ignorance, wrong thinking and violation of the law of being. The outer man, was originally perfect, too, but man has so desecrated and abused it that today it is far away from the original model.

B:That‘s true. It explains why behavior attracts attention only when it deviates from the normal. Such as the good neighbor, the conscientious citizen, the kind father and faithful husband pass unnoticed. But the murderer, robber or wife beater is singled out for publicity, because such behavior is unusual.

A:Yes! Man's goodness, is revealed by his countless acts of heroism, unselfishness and sacrifice. We often read on the newspaper that people save others at the peril of their own lives. One jumps into the river and rescues a swimmer from drowning; another rushes into a burning house and carries a stranger to safety; many give their blood so that others may live. Countless unnamed and unrecorded men have given their lives for their fellowmen, not only on the battlefront but on the home- front as well.

C:Absolutly! So the conclusion is: Human nature is good, and it doesn‘t change!

B:Yes!

A:Okay, let me write down. Thank you so much, you two have just helped me a lot!

B&C: You are welcome!

5.What do you think is the purpose of education? Do you want to further your study in an overseas country? Why or why not? Which do you think is more important, higher education or job training?

A: Our presentation is like a broadcast program. OK, let‘s start now.

B: Hello, and welcome to The Purpose of Education. I‘m B. Joining me today is my college A.

A: Hello. I‘m A. Education is always a hot topic for both Chinese and foreign experts t o search, but so far, only few people understand why we need to get education? And we invited C, as our guest today. Hi, C!

B: Hello C!

C: Hi A,B! Hello everyone!

B: All right, C, could you talk something about yourself for us?

C:My family told me when I was a little girl and I went to school just for my future life, accepting education means to learn knowledge, get a good job, and then have a very happy marriage.

A:Yes, not only you, but even for almost any others. If you go to interview some pedestrians on the street, asking them ―what‘s the purpose of education in your mind?‖ I guess most of their answers would be the same as the one your family has given you.

B: But can we dare to say that all the answers are wrong? Absolutely not. For this question o f education, What‘s your opinion, C?

C: Well, first of all, the most traditional understanding of education is teaching you some knowledge, so I think the most fundamental purpose of accepting education is to increase our knowledge and skills, then influence our life, and eventually, change the world.

A: Yes, it is . Now for us, school education seems more important, in many people's eyes, a person accept education good or bad depends on the result of their examination.

C: Yeah, all the knowledge that teachers impart in class is all the most basic knowledge we need. I think if we want to study well from teachers, the first thing you have to make clear is what you need. As long as we understand what we do want to learn, then we will have great direction and purpose to learn, naturally we will do it well.

B: Maybe, for example, not only myself but also do my classmates‘ favorite class is foreigner teachers‘ class. In their class, we need to improve our oral English, learning more interesting knowledge about the other countries, so in their class, we will learn a lot knowledge what we willing to accept.

C: Yes. On the other hand, I think the purpose of education is also to reflect others. That is teaching you how to live your life. I think education with teach you knowledge, more should teach their methods, rather than teaching knowledge but showing the methods may be a better way of practicing education, so after they are leaving school, they still know how to study by themselves.

A: You mean the education is the way which teaching us living skills, right?

C: Absolutely. Nowadays, many Chinese universities have the same purposes as those vocational schools; they hope after training, can let the students find the good job quickly.

B: But the lack of this is there is no one to help the students to predict the future market direction, no one knows how can students according to what they do interest to choose their future career direction reality, usually students don't know anything, or according to their own ch oice, usually later they found it wasn‘t like that way and they felt disappointed.

C: Well, speaking deeply is that while the teacher teaching knowledge, teaching communicates skills, teaching the ideological and moral education, values and so on are also the education.

B: Oh, as what we said ―Two heads are better than one‖. As the famous educators Xingzhi Tao said ―life is education‖. Everywhere in your life is education.

A: Yes, it is. Accurately education has no broad. Education not only restrictions on schooling, the most important of education is concerned about living and other in your life. Do you think so?

C: Yeah, and my view is that the ultimate purpose of education is to respect life, is to learn to love life.

A：Hi, B! I heard that you want to go abroad to study, really?

B: Oh yes, I'm going to study in America next month.

A: You know, in recent years, there are more and more college students

want to further their study in an overseas country. B, how do you think of this phenomenon?

B: Umm, I think its benefits outweigh its disadvantages. Firstly, in many cases grants are available to cover some or all of the tuition and living costs during the period abroad. Secondly, acquiring advanced language skills can be personally enriching and an asset for your future. Last but not the least, experiencing another educational system can be instructive and insightful.

C: Sounds great! And you may make friends from all over the world!

B: Oh, yes, I like to make friends. C, do you want to go abroad to study?

C: Well, there are a lot of good to study in an overseas country. But I don't want to go abroad to study.

A: Why? I think that is an opportunity to get to know and travel around a country in a way that is not possible on a holiday or short visit.

C: Yes, it is. But in my opinion, travel and living costs may be considerably higher than a comparable period at your home institution, even if you are receiving a grant to cover some of the costs. Besides, the amount which you learn may be less if learning in a foreign language and your academic performance in that language may be limited. What‘s more, you may find it difficult to adapt to a different social environment.

A: Well, like everything in this world, it emerged both rewards and risks. As regards this, different people have different ideas. Whether studying abroad or not is determined by personal circumstances.

B: Yep, you are right.

A: Which do you think is more important, higher education or job training?

C: In different occasions, it's hard to say which is more important. In the current society, with a low employment rate, you can only choose you job even though you don't like it.

A: Yeah, you know, most top-level graduated students are selling their pork in the market, with their professional certificate staying in a corner. Maybe someday you will find your job you are interested in; however, you are only allowed to work for living before you find it.

C: So, be positive, and you will get what you want.

B: As regards this, some people claim that there are many advantages for

college students to take part-time jobs. Maybe they think that can improve their job training.

A: Yes, I have taken a part-time job as a designer. I think it can help me learn something that doesn‘t exist in books but in practice. Besides, I can gain more work experience, which is very useful for my future work. B: Well, in my opinion, the main task for students is to study well and improve our own abilities. But if we have more time and energy and can ensure that our courses are all excellent, maybe we can take a part-time job

for a try.

C: In fact, it‘s hard for university students to find a good job. Some companies say that they need people who have good education background. But I think experience is more important.

A: Ind eed, a man shouldn‘t limit himself in a book. For instance, my brother studies very hard. He is so smart that he can work out every math problems at school. But he isn‘t sociable enough. When he went to a famous company to work, he didn‘t know what to do a nd how to react when a mistake happened. No wonder a few months later, the company kicked him out.

B: But in fact education is also very important. If we want to get a good job, we must have both of them. To realize this, we must work hard from now on. During holidays, read more books to enrich our knowledge and take an active part in extracurricular activities. Only in this way can we find a good job with ease.

C: The education is just one more advantage in a competitive job market. I agree that education does not matter in your current job, but it very well may matter when you are looking for your next job.

6.Do you agree with the statement “What doesn’t kill you actually makes you stronger”? Why or why not?Have you had the experience of going through a very difficult situation and coming out as a better person? Or do you know someone who has experienced this?

A: Hey! B! today we have learn the English class of Unit 1. How about your class?

B: Oh, our topic is ―the hidden side of happiness‖ By learning this lesson, I have benefit a lot.

A: haha,me too!

C: Hi,What are you talking about?

B: We were just talking about the English class of Unit 1!

C: Oh, do you remember the sentence ― What doesn‘t kill you actually makes you stronger‖?

A,B: Of course!

C: OK, Do you agree with the statement?

A: I think it is right because everyone want to live a meaningful life, so we need to make a change. Changes are painful, however, sometimes only drastic situations can force you to take on the painful process of changes. B: C, I agree with A. Besides, People who had suffered disaster would have wider mind, when bad things come around, they can treat them calmly.

C: Well, there are many things which are very important to our lives. Happiness is the only the one of them.To live a full life, only to be in the stable situation is not enough. We also need to grow, sometimes through hurts and pains.

B: We shall need more courage to go further in our life.

A,C: Haha, yes, that‘s right!

A: Usually, we would love to hear the stories of people who have been changed by what they had suffered. And then supposing that they would became a better man after that.

C: Yes, These stories inspire people to make progress.

B: Yeah, I know that feeling.

C: Have you ever had the experience of going through a very difficult situation and coming out as a better person?

B: Yes I have.

A: Oh!~ I‘m sorry to hear that. I mean that you‘ve had a difficult situation. But I‘m very glad that you have come through it.

B: Thank you,A.

C: So... Would you like to tell us about you story ?

B: All right. I was diagnosed with a bad disease at the age of ten, and I had endured the treatments for many

years. It‘s killing me.

A: Oh, that‘s awful.

B: Yes, I ached all over and I couldn‘t sleep during the whole night a t that time. I was upset, desperate and felt helpless.

A: Well, then what happened?

B: En~~fortunately! A very kind doctor helped me, and I recovered!

A: Great!

C: As the old saying goes: the sunlight always comes after rains and winds. People who have grown from adversity often feel much less fear. What they gained was more than they ever anticipated.

B: Oh, yes!~ As long as you worked hard, nothing is impossible.

A: After the most terrifying experiences, although a small part of adults become troubled, more commonly, people rebound or even thrive.

C: Oh, it sounds really nice.

B: We have seen some cases in which some people were struck by misfortune and became stronger than before once they came out of it.

A: Do you know someone who has experienced this?

B: For example The Great Tangshan Earthquake

C: I have watched a film about The Great Tangshan Earthquake. I will never forget it. It was in the afternoon, July 28th, Tangshan suffered an 7.8 magnitude earthquake. Left more than 200 thousand people dead and about 400 thousand people injured. Almost every survived people had lost his or her family members, Tangshan, a industrial city with population of millions had been in ruins.

A: oh, my god!

B: After that, people of Tangshan went out of the misfortune and began to re-build their home. Many years passed, now a beautiful and flourishing city has been built by Tangshan people who suffered from the disaster.

A: Thank goodness! I do admire the brave Tangshan people.

C: In my opinion ,the people who struggle with adversity sometime can foster the qualities such like brave, kindness...

B: Wisdom.

C: Yes, it‘s very important.

A: And compassion.

C: Well, and creativity.

B: Yes, you are right. These qualities can make people stronger.

A: In a word, you are not going to be the person you thought you were ,but here is who you are going to be instead and that turns out to be a pretty great life.

7.How do you cope with the problems the Web brings to you?

How should the issue of copyright be deal with?

Do you think science and technology is an angel or a monster?

A: hello!

B: hi! You look not so well, C. What‘s up?

C: I have to finish my paper tomorrow. I have searched the information about it all night.

A: web is so popular in our life today.but many adult find that they can not focus on long pieces of writing. it is really disturbing me. what do you think about it?

B: I have this problem too.

C: me too.

A: why we have these problems? How to deal with it.

B: maybe many of us think web brings us convenience to search, and use it frequently, gradually, it change the way we think. we just read and write emails, scan headlines and blog posts, watch videos and listen to podcasts, or just trip from link to link to link on the web. It is disturbing many people.

C: yes, i agree with you. How to deal with these problems?

A: I make myself far away from the web one day a week,and read some books and newspapers.

B: does it work?

C: very little, I think.

A: yes you are right.

B: what about you? Do you have some good ideas?

C: I‘ve no idea. I do not search on the internet very often. I just use it deal with something about my work and study. It can not change my way of thinking.

A: oh, you are right. maybe we should use it less than ever.

B: yes, instead of doing some exercises and talking with friends and family.

C: yes. It is just our tool which helps us to deal with life more efficiently.

A: we should spend time to do some other things.

B: yes, something real in the world.

C: You are right. But there is too much homework for us which can‘t finish without computers.

A: So, we should learn to use computer.

B: Yes, it is really efficiency.

C: But I can‘t use computer very well. It is so hard for me to use it to finish my homework.

A: why? I think you can do you homework more efficiency with the help of computer.

B: yes, i usually use it to deal with my work and life.

C: I always find the problems that software A isn‘t compatible with software B, so I have to use software C to make them work together. It‘s always being like this. Oh, It‘s killing me!

A: Science and technology brings us gifts with one hand, and it also troubles us with the other hand. It is both an angel and a monster.

B: it is a two-edged sword, it has both advantages and disadvantages. we should make good use of it.

C: I agree with you. There is another big problem that many children can‘t control themselves and be indulged in web games, so parents are worried about their children.

A: despite the disadvantages i think web is really a great invention in the history of human beings. it give us convenience and make our life more efficiency and enjoyable.

B: we read news on the web, watch football games and play computer games for relax.

C: we study on the internet, talk with friends and teachers and seek some useful informations.

A: it makes our life more colorful.

C: recently, scientists have made the computers have the ability to talk like us. They are also learning to feel like us, as well.

B: it reflect the advance in our life.

A: But, it makes our living more dangerous.

B: yes, some of the machines have the ability to simulate emotions, make moral judgments and use social skills.

Maybe the next stage is to link their brains to ours.

C: i can‘t image what would happen next. Maybe the scenes in science fiction movies will come true.

A: technology disaster.

B: Don‘t worry. I‘m sure we have the ability to solve these problems.

C: Yes, I believe so. And I‘m very fond of applications. I have just downloaded one from the internet before we came here.

B: is it a genuine one?

C: why do you ask so?

A: recently B read some books about how to distinguish genuine goods from the fake ones.

B: haha. yes, the copyright.

C: what do you think about it?

A: Copyright is really a problems nowadays. it need to be protected. Although it is be protected in china. But there is still many people break the rules.

B: sometimes i buy pirate copies. It is really cheap and have nothing different with the genuine ones.

C: yes, it is attractive.

A: but pirate goods poses a huge threat to our daily life. Consumers will distrust manufactures gradually, which would lead to a loss of the social trust.

B: yes, it is. But it doesn‘t make any difference to the quality of our life.

A: Fake products are usually sold at a lower price than those have copyrights. This would cause a loss to our economy.

B: yes, it will affect our life in the long run. But what should we do?

C: As our citizens, we should not buy the fake goods as the first step.

A: Sure. Do you have any other suggestions?

B: The government should strengthen the implement of laws and regulations to prevent such things. This is the most effective way.

C: Those who make counterfeit goods must be punished severely.

8. Have you notices the problem in China that buildings are in a state of a “clashing of different taste”?

What do you think of the tendency to design sustainable buildings.

A：As the high-speed development of society, the style of building in China has gain a wide and extensive attention. Have you notices the problem in China that bui ldings are in a state of a ―clashing of different taste‖?

B: Yes. Certainly. Architectural culture under certain conditions can be transformed. In today‘s world. Building

a culture of development and progress, both the transformation of the former to the letter, which also

includes the absorption and integration of the former. Social process of globalization has brought to the cultural collision with the rendezvous, conflict and blend. China‘s building in the global ―big architectural culture‖ system, so it is normal. In addition, cultural exchange between old and modern architectural exploration and the pursuit of ancient and modern culture also play a role in the phenomenon.What do you think of the tendency to design sustainable buildings?

C: Buildings are one of the three major sources that emit greenhouse gas, accounting for about 30 percent of global greenhouse emission every year. So it is necessary to develop the sustainable building. The green structure is L-shaped and can withstand the force of a 9.0-magnitude earthquake. The weight of construction material for every square meter is only one-sixth of traditional materials. The weight of construction garbage is only one percent of building.

9. Why should we preserve biodiversity? What’s the relations hip between human and nature? How do they interact each other?

A：As the high-speed development of society, the biodiversity in China has gain a wide and extensive attention.

Why should we preserve biodiversity?

B: Because we need all binds of animals and plants. And because once they are gone, there will never be any more. They have their places in the balance of nature. Destroying one kind of them can create many problem. For example, when famers killed large numbers of hawks, the farmers‘ stores of corn and grain were destroyed by rats and mice.What‘s the relationship between human and nature?

C: People often say that man can conquer the nature or human being is the king of the nature. The truth shows that man and nature is so dose that one can‘t exist wi thout the other.How do they interact each other? A: Harmony between man and nature in a harmonious socialist society is important. Nature can provide us what we want. Such as air, water food and so on, which are so important to our life. At the same time, we try to protect nature in order to have a better nature to live in. only by striking a balance between demanding the wealth from the nature and dedicating ourselves to it can we make our relationship with nature more harmonious and go further.

研究生口语考试话题总结（二）

听说课文部分：

1.How to make a good first impression/interview?

A: Our topic today is about how to make a good first impression. OK, let‘s begin. B, you are the first.

B: Ok~ As known to all, people are social animals. That is to say, people have to meet various kinds of people, making a good impression is quite important for us to develop interpersonal communication.

A: You have a point there, B. And C , it‘s your turn. What do you think about this?

C: Well, I can not agree with B more. I think that to make a good impression, smile is the primacy. Smile is a kind of gesture language. When you meet somebody, smiling always shows them that you are a kind and optimistic person. A good impression starts from smiling.

A: Yes, you are right. And I‘d like to make an addition. Talk to others with confidence. Talking is another method to know about someone and a successful talk creates more opportunities to show our own characters and talents that can deeply impress the others. Making a good impression also need to keep listening. It shows the respect to those who listened to us.

C: B, I heard that you had just participated in a interview of a software company. Would you like to talk something about it?

B: Well, it‘s my pleasure. I deeply appreciate. On that day, I wore a suit and a pair of leather shoes. When it was my turn, I first knocked on the door gently, after obtaining permission I entered the room, and said hello to the interviewers.

C: Did not you feel nervous? It seems that you are very calm.

B: To tell the truth, before I entered the room, my heart beat very fast. I told myself to be calm.

A: Oh~ I can‘t wait to hear the process. What‘s next?

B: Haha. A nd then the interviewers started to ask me some questions. One of them said ―please introduce yourself‖. I answered that my name is XXX, I am XX years old, introduced my previous work experience briefly and the reason I chose this company, talked something about my characters, hobbies and so on.

Remember, When you answer the questions, keep eye contact with the interviewer. It is very important.

They also asked some professional questions about the software. Some are beyond my knowledge. I told them the truth and said I would improve my professional skills in the following days. To be honest is a very impor tant point. Show you confidence and try to avoid tension. That‘ all.

A: OK, let me do a summary. First, you should wear formal clothes. Second, you should behave politely. Third, you should answer the questions properly. Fourth, you should not feel nervous. You can keep calm and show your confidence. At last, you should be honest.

C: Wo~ Excellent! I benefit a lot from your words. To different people , if you want make a good impression, the methods are not all the same. About how to make a good impression on customers, I think I have the final words. I have ever had a part-time job in a clothing store. Smiling is very necessary I think. It will make the customers feel warm. Enthusiastic attitude is important too . It can make customers feel at home. A: I also have some experiences to share with you. Not everyone was born pretty or handsome, although physical appearance seems to be more important nowadays. So, what we need to do is trying to present ourselves appropriately, do not dress for your own mood. Make sure that you look clean and tidy as this help to make a good impression.

C: Yes. And body language as well as appearance speaks much louder than words. Thus, stand tall, smile, make eye contact, greet with a firm handshake. All of this will help you project confidence.

B: It is very pleasant to talk with you. I‘ve learned a lot.

A: Yes, absolutely.

C: Me too.

2.What’s your ideal job?What’s important for you in a job?

A: what‘s important for you in a job?

C: en… I never think about this issue seriously. I am not a picky person. What‘s the most important in a job is that I wish it has flexible time. You know that I hate the constraint, so freedom is quiet necessary for me.

Then, friendly co-workers are also important. After all, over the long haul, friendly and comfortable work atmosphere can make work much easier.

B: I cannot agree more. Besides, in my opinion, a supportive boss is also essential for a job. Proper guidance from a wise leader is one of the differences between those who grow up rapidly in a position and those who give up soon and change their job again. So you can‘t ignore this factor. Also, having long-term development and good career planning is necessary. What about you, A?

A: I have considered this problem when graduated from university. For me, the prerequisite for a good job is having enough space for development. The first job has special significance because it is our first step into the community. So we should have long-term goals. Maybe in this time, an excellent salary and good benefits are not the primary goal. Instead, making a steady foundation is what we should do. Then we can have a rapid and stable development.

C: En, what you said makes sense. But where your idea comes from? Have you ever had a job?

A: Yeah, I had a part-time job during my college. I have been an assistant in engineering design institute several months, also worked in some real estate companies. These experiences are all my wealth. It lets me think a lot and be more integrated into the real world. Do you have any similar experiences?

B: My experiences are not as rich as yours. I just have been a teacher in a junior college.I really cherish those days. The teachers and students in that school all got along with me very well. At the same time, it‘s the first time that I want to enhance myself from the bottom of my heart. Since then, I want to be a teacher after graduation.

C: Oh, in fact, I do not have a similar experience. It?s such a pity. So this is one of my blind spots. If I would have a second chance, I must make good use of my time in the university to enrich my experience. Actually, to be honest, I admire you very much.

B: Oh, do not say like that. It‘s never too late to recognize the problem, you can take good advantages of our spare time to make up for the regret.

A: En, I agree with B. You know it‘s never too late. If you want, I can introduce you into the institute where I work now, as they are recruiting new interns.

C: Really? Oh, I don‘t know how to show you my gratitude, but I really apprecia te of what you have done for me.

Here, I want to know what is your ideal job . My dream is to be a video-game tester, although my major is civil engineering. As you know, the game has a fatal attraction for me, and I love it. Working as a game tester, it d oesn‘t simply mean you can work indoors and have flexible hours, what‘s most important is that you can always playing the latest games, it‘s so cool ! But I know, it‘s just my fantasy, ha-ha. So, what about yours? What‘s your ideal job?

A: Oh, my ideal job? Maybe an engineer. This may sound a little anodyne, but I really love our profession.

Different from you, I really enjoy the process of designing. According to our design, many buildings are springing up. I‘m just so proud of it. So I‘d like to work in o ur professional province, I want to be a qualified engineer.

B: That‘s good! And the job fits you perfectly. For me, I want to be a teacher. Like I said just now, teaching experience made me fall in love with this occupation. To be a teacher can not only have more free time, but also contact with different students from different places. That makes me relaxed and happy.

A: Oh, how time flies. I should go to work. See you next time.

B&C: See you~

3. Are there any transportation problems where you live?

Do you have any solution?

A: Good morning everyone. Our presentation will start like a broadcast program. Ok, here we start.

B: Hello, welcome to the Trouble Discussion. Today our topic is the traffic problems, I am B and this is my partner A

A: Hi, I am A. As we all know that the development of the traffic makes it more and more convenient for our trip.

B: Yes, you are right. But more and more traffic problems occur at the same time. Today, it is honored for us to invite a beautiful girl who has always been bothered by the traffic jams where she lives, please introduce yourself.

C: Yes, my name is C As a girl, you know, the most enjoyable thing must be shopping

A: Yes, ha ha you are right

C: Shopping should have been fun, but it is not. Because of all the traffic. I don not drive and I have to use public transportation. But it takes me so long to get across town for shopping. I have to wait a long time for buses to come and they go so slowly

B: That is a big problem. Do you have any suggestion?

C: First, for the public transportation what they should do is to equip more buses. If there are more buses people will use them and not use their cars, then will be less traffic and traveling time will be shorter A: What about the solution of the shopping

C: For the shopping, there should not be cars parked on the main shopping streets. There should be car free street in the main shopping area. And there should be some parking lots for the shoppers.

B: Yes, that is really a good idea. By the way, A, have you ever been bothered by the traffic problem.

A: Yes, of course, indeed, I am troubled almost everyday. I drive to our company every morning. The traffic jam makes me crazy. At rush hour, it can take me one and a half hour to get to the company from my home. B: It is really a long time. You must ge t up before 6 o‘clock. T ell us something about your suggestions

A: I think there won‘t be such bad traffic jams if they stop cars from parking on the street. There should be more off—street parking and then there will be more space for cars on the street

C: Yes, it is a effective solution for the government to consider

A: he he, maybe, what about you B, any experience like this

B: Fortunately, it did not occur to me. But my boyfriend always complains about this phenomenon to me. He likes to ride his bike. However, it becomes more and more dangerous to ride a car in the city. He said that he would be killed by the car the other day.

A: maybe it is too much for him to worry about, but it can also reflect the reality,

What‘s the suggestion from him?

B: He thinks that there should be more lanes only for bikes. Only through that biking will safer.

C: Traffic problems bring more and more troubles to us, such as, wasting our precious time, making more and more noise and bringing more traffic accidents.

A: For this phenomenon, our government and we should make a joint effort. We should start from our own, advocating green travel, such as try walking instead of driving. That is to say we should drive as little as possible.

B: We also should take more public traffic instead of driving or taking taxi. They should build more dedicated

lines for the public transportation.

C: Oh, right. More public bikes are also essential for us to the Green travel and more bike lanes is necessary. B: To build a better city, we should make a joint effort. Ok ,this broadcast is over, thank you for listening, we hope it is useful for you and thanks again for C‘s coming.

A: See you next time, bye bye.

4.Describe your perfect vacation. Have you ever visited another country? What are the most popular tourist attractions where you live?

A: Hello. B and C

B&C: Hello. A

A: The summer vacation is coming 。What do you want to do during the vacation?

B: Let me see .If I can, I will go on a trip.

C: trip? We are of the same idea.

A: That sounds great, can you Describe your perfect vacation with us? for example where would you go? who would you go with ?how long would you stay there? What would you do there? and so on.

B: I‘d go to Yunnan with my parents. I want to live there for a month, fully enjoy the yunnan natural scenery and cultural characteristics

C: Oh, it sounds wonderful! That is a very beautiful province. And the cities there like Xishuanbanna, Dali, are both famous cities. They are famous for their natural views.

A: You are right. It's said that when we get there, we can see many kinds of animals, plants, birds and so on .Our eyes are full of green, blue. The air is fresh, the trees are green and the sky is light blue. We can enjoy ourselves there and we will lose ourselves in it.

B: Oh! I can't wait to go there .It's so attractive. What‘s more, the weather there is always mild, the sunshine is bright. And we may need to take a pair of sunglasses.

C: Yes. The vacation will be interesting. A What place would you most like to visit why?

A: I've got several fantastic destinations for travelling, Yunnan would be nice in this season. ButBeijing is my utmost choice,

C; I'd like to go to Beijing too, because I never have been there before.

B: hah~I've been to Beijing during the Olympic Games, so I would prefer to choose Yunnan because of its marvelous and total natural landscape.

A&B:WOW!!

C:That would be amazing, and I'm kind of interested in Yunnan..

B:No, you can't do this to me, you should choose Beijing...It is capital of China.

A:can you say something about Beijing? We know that Beijing, the capital city of China, is a world famous city filled with ancient history and culture. It is also China's political, economic, cultural, and transportation center covering an area of over 16,800 square kilometers. With a population of over 15 million.

B: of course! Bei jing has a semi humid continental climate. It's winters are cold and dry, while the summers are hot and humid - both spring and autumn are short lasting. Because of its climate, the best times to travel to Beijing are during the spring and autumn . so if you want to go to Beijing in summer vacation, it must be very hot.

C: I know that Beijing has rich tourism resources, there are more than 200 open tourist attractions, such as the world's largest palace the Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, the Royal Garden in the North Sea, the Royal Summer Palace garden, Badaling Great Wall, Mutianyu Great Wall, Simatai Great Wall and the world's largest Courtyard House Prince Gong Mansion. and so on. So we will have a lot of choices.

A:I can‘t agree more.

B：we talk a lot about china.I know that we have never visited another country so if you could visit any other country ,where would you go ? why?

C:Paris, the City of Light, evokes romantic emotions in anyone who has ever visited. This centuries-old city is the most visited city in the world, and for good reason. There is plenty to do in Paris to satisfy travelers of all tastes. So paris is my choice.

A:I like new york.New York is the most populous City in the United States, is also one of the largest metropolitan area in the world, New York will be the core. So I want to see this big city

B: It is the same size as it was, but we can go about it more and more easily. Many more people travel outside their own countries every year.Tourism is a very happy thing, hope we can have a chance to go to the place where we want to go to

A&C: That‘s right. Hope we will have a good vacation

5.Environmental problems.

A：Hello, what do you think of the weather today? Do you think it is a bit strange the weather those days. B:Yes,though its just the beginning of the summer ,I feel much hotter than last year.

C:I think we may have a warm winter this year.

A: I agree. I am a bit worried about the change of weather.

B: It is unnormal now. I am concerned about this, too.

A: Do you know what causes the change of weather?

C: Air pollution may be one of the reasons.

A: That is a problem. The situation is becoming worse and worse.

B: Actually, we have a lot of environmental problems but mainly I'd say the air pollution and nowadays we also have water pollution.

C: Yes, what we human beings have done is breaking the balance of the ecology,which leads to the change of weather.

A: Alright, Shall we talk about the air pollution first? Is it a big problem?

B: OK, it is a big problem in the capital cities because there are a lot of transports, like cars there, which give off a lot of waste gas into the air.

C: Also Industries pour too much waste smoke into the air.The air has been polluted so seriously.

A: Wow! That must be something serious. In regards to air pollution, is there something being done to help the problem?

C: Yeah, actually, the government is taking a lot of steps nowadays such as if you want to import second hand cars from other countries, it couldn't be older than six years.

A: And we just also mention water pollution. What is the situation with water pollution?

B: The situation is really bad, like the water we are supplied by the government as a infrastructure, the quality is really bad. You cannot drink that water directly.

C: Also, we had some tanneries in the city, around the city, and the waste from those tanneries went into the river and it was quite a bad situation.

A:Then how about the water pollution,I think water pollution has become a problem now.

B: Any change in the physical, chemical of water will have bad effect on living things .Water pollution affects all the major water bodies of the world.

A: The environmental problems have been caused by many reasons .Take the water pollution as an example. Our increasing population will increase urban wastes.

B: Each part of the nature is closely related .When one part is abnormal ,the other will also be influenced .

Pollution can cause serious problems.

C: Environmental problems have been recognized as an important source of threats to human survival.

Nowadays, environmental issues have caught the attention of the human race.

A: The government has also taken measures to protect the environment by establishing laws. Strengthening the environmental protection is one of the basic national policies in China.

B: In my opinion, the environmental protection is affected by several interwoven factors, including the environmental legislation, ethics and education.

C: So you mean that all of these factors have played their part in influencing national level environmental decisions and personal level environmental values and behaviors.

A: Of course .And the government couldn‘t overloo k anyone of it.

B: I agree with your .I think that the awakening of people‘s awareness of environmental protection is most important .It‘s the fundamental solution to the environmental problems.

C: And this requires the government enhancing the propaganda of environmental protections .The quality of people in the society may have a great influence.

B: As far as I am concerned, the development of science and technology plays an important role in it .For example, the development and utilization of solar energy has effectively relieved the resource shortage. A: The environmental protection is not only the duty of one nation, but also all the human beings. The international cooperation is also necessary. Now we have made much progress in this area.

C: It‘s the duty for everyone to protect our home. Not only can we participate in some organizations, but also take actions in our daily life. For example, we can reduce the use of plastic goods, classify retrieving garbage and so on.

A: We should also pay attention to save the energy. Turn the light off when you leave, turn off the air conditioner when nobody is in the room, and the reuse of the water……These all are the good habits in everyday life.

B: I agree. We have more to do, We‘d better do it from the littl e things. Do not be indifferent with environment protection! Everyone is the right savior!

C: Yes. Oh it‘s time for class, so I have to go Bye.

6.What kind of criminal do you know? Tell a story about criminal.

A: Our presentation is like a broadcast prog ram. OK, let‘s start now.

B: Hello, and welcome to The World‘s Worst Criminals. I‘m B. Joining me today is my college A.

A: Hello, I‘m A. Let‘s start out our program right now with a story from C, our guest today. C~~

C: Thanks A!~~

This is an incredible story about two young thieves who were caught after robbing a camera store. They got away with some valuable equipment, but they made a big mistake. They used an instant camera to take photographs of each other at the scene of the crime. When the blank sheets came out of the camera with no pictures on them, they assumed the camera wasn‘t working correctly. They threw the prints away before they started to develop. The police found the photographs, recognized the two men, and arrested them the next day!

A: Hmm. The thieves seem not very clever anyway.

B: Yes, they are funny and foolish.

A: All right, that‘s the story from C about tow thieves. And there are many kinds of criminals like bank robbery, burglary and forgery...

B: Hacking, hijacking, kidnapping and mugging...

C: And also murder.

A: Yes! So which crime do you think is the most serious one?

C: Murder of course!

A: Yeah, people dies in murder. And how about you B? What do you think?

B: Well, in my opinion, hijacking is the most serious crime.

A: Hmm, hijacking.

B: Yes, a hijacker may take control of a plane, attack a building and cause an dire damage.

C: Ah! Just like the 911.

A: Maybe, because of what happened in 2001, is why hijacking became a concern.

B: Yes, it is.

A:OK. Well, let‘s move on to our criminal stories. The next one comes to us from my partner B. B, what do you have for us?

B: OK, this is a story about a burglar who was caught by a rabbit.

A: All…all…all right, stop right there, B. Did you say…a rabbit?

B: Indeed, A. A rabbit named Kitty, who was the pet of the James family.

C: A rabbit named Kitty?!

B: Yes, Kitty.

A: Oh , weird. But it‘s OK. I love cats. And go on.

B: Kitty, a rabbit with the ability to thump its foot very loudly, interrupted a burglary at its owners‘home by waking everybody up. Robert James, his wife, Anne, and their three children were asleep at home when they heard a noise at three A.M. The rabbit thumped so loudly that it woke the James family just in time to see a man and a woman leaving the scene of the crime on stolen mountain bikes. Police later arrested the couple.

A: That is quite a pet!

C: And I heard that a burglar broke into your home. Is it true? A?

A: Yes, it happened in my summer vacation last year, in August probably. My parents and I were asleep at home.

It was about 4 A.M. in the mid-night. And my father was woke up by a noise and just saw a man stealing things in our living room.

B: Did your father fought with him?

A: No, never! My father and the man staring at each other for several seconds. Then my f ather said,‖you can go now.‖

C: What?! So your father just let the thief run away?

A: Yes...

B: That the best choice I think. The man may take an edge tool with him. It‘s dangerous to fight with him alone. A: Yes, you are right. My father said that the man hide his left hand behind his back. Maybe there was a knife or something.

C: Oh, your father is so cool!

A: Thanks.

B: So, have you lost anything?

A: Yeah, the thief took my father‘s cellphone away.

B: Sorry to hear that.

C: Sorry for that.

A: Oh, it‘s OK! After that my father bought himself a new one which he had been wanting for a long time. B: Haha, that sounds lovely! C, what else do you have for us?

C: This is a crime that many people may actually appreciate.

Recently, there have been several mysterious break-ins, but the burglars haven‘t been caught.Apparently, they break into people‘s homes when they‘re on vacation, but the only thing they steal is food.

A: Oh, I‘ve heard of this! Then the criminals proceed to redecorate the homes! Right?

C: Yes! When the owners return, they find their homes freshly painted and cleaned, but with the cupboards and

refrigerator empty. They police are baffled. They believe that although only three cases have been reported, there may be many more victims.

A: ―Victims‖ ar e they?! Those victims are probably happy about having their homes redecorated for free. B: Those burglars can come to my home anytime –I won‘t tell the police. I would love a decorating job for free, and there‘s nothing in my refrigerator…

7.How have you changed since you were a child? What’s your favourite childhood memory?

A: Hi,you spent the whole afternoon together?

B: Yes, I have not see you during the summer vacation.

C: Yeah, It looks like you have some changes. Your skin turn black.

A: You must have your summer holiday at the seaside.

C: Really? In fact I went to seaside with a friend of mine. She/He is very kind and conversable. We have known each other since childhood.

B: That is great. You must have recalled a lot of memories of childhood when you were with her/him. Would you like to talk about this? I mean your childhood memories.

C: I'm glad to.Then I‘d like to hear your childhood memories.

A: Of course! Childhood was an important time for everybody. It was a time of freedom, fun, dirt, and zero-responsibilities.

C: How have you changed since you were a child?

B: Well, she/he said I am more handsome than before now. You know I was very thin when I was a child. How about you? A? I think you must be a lovely girl/boy when you are a child.

A: Haha, maybe you are right. But I hardly remember. I think the largest change of my is personality. When I was a child I was very shy. I was afraid to talk to strangers. Then I became more and more confidence with the help of my families and friends. I always appreciate the help they gave to me.

C: Whoa, that really a great change. I think I am much taller now. When I was a kid I was short and I had a large build. Now I have a medium build. My hair is much shorter now cause I like short hair very much. I become stronger and stronger as I‘m doing more sports than before.

B: That‘s good. Gone are the days of my childhood, yet, I could not stop myself from recalling those sweet memories. I grew up in the countryside. Life was plain and simple. Indeed, we did not enjoy the luxury of modern technology. But we as children had our own share of fun. I remembered that I often called a few of my friends and we walked to a small pond near the village. There, we could always find many plants to bring home with. On bright sunny days, we were just running on the ground without our shoes on the green grass.

Life was full of such pleasures.

C: I grew up in a small village. I am the second child of the family, and my sister is the eldest. Our house is on the main street of the village so I always saw a lot of people on the streets. There were farmers, fishermen, and a few traders in the village. My sister and I used to play with the children next door. Their father is a teacher of a high school. Sometimes when we were playing together in the house we made so much noise that my mother wanted us to play outside, so we went to the seaside to look for crabs and pretty seashells.

We enjoyed running on the beach chasing each other, as well. On breezy days we used to flying kites in the park. When I look back on my life in the village, I feel I had a happy childhood.

A: Indeed, it is! When I was a child, I‘m very naughty. I was very fond of climbing trees, swimming in the river, playing hide-and-seek with my friends. At sunset, oh I love the sunset very much, the sky is very beautiful at that time. And it‘s also the time that mum called me back home to wash the dirty face and hands and give me a big dinner. My mum is a very nice woman. She is of such a gentle nature. She never gets angry or loses her temper even when I broke her favourite vase. I love her very much.

太原理工大学安全系统工程复习资料

1.系统是由相互作用、相互依赖的若干组成部分结合而成的具有特定功能的有机整体。 2.系统的特征：整体性、目的性、有序性、相关性、环境适应性、动态性 3.系统学原理：整体性原理、相关性原理、有序性原理、动态性原理、分解综合原理、创造思维原理、验证性原理、反馈原理 4.系统工程是对系统进行合理规划、研究、设计和运行管理的思想、步骤、组织和技巧等的总称，它是以实现系统最优化为目的的一门基础科学，是一种对所有系统都具有普遍意义的科学方法。 5.三维结构图：①时间维。对一个具体工程，从规划起一直到更新为止，全部程序可分为规划、拟定方案、研制、生产、安装、运转和更新七个阶段。②逻辑维。对一个大型项目可分为明确目的、指标设计、系统方案组合系统分析、最优化、作出决定和制定方案七个步骤。③知识维。系统工程需使用各种专业知识，霍尔把这些知识分成工程、医药、建筑、商业、法律、管理、社会科学和艺术等，把这些专业知识成为知识维。 6.安全与危险：①安全，是指免遭不可接受危险的伤害。它是一种使伤害或损害的风险限制在可以接受的水平的状态。安全程度用安全性指标来衡量。②危险，是指存在引起人身伤亡、设备破坏或降低完成预定功能能力的状态。③安全是相对的，危险是绝对的。 7.安全标准：①安全是一个相对的主观的概念。评定状态是否安全需要一个界限、目标或标准，通过与定量化的风险率或危害程度进行比较，判定是否达到人们所期盼的安全程度。我们把这个标准称为安全标准。②受技术、资金等因素的制约，危险是不可能完全杜绝的。安全标准实际上是一个社会各方面可以接受的危险度③确定安全标准的方法有统计法和风险与收益比较法。 8.安全系统工程是指在系统思想指导下，运用先进的系统工程的理论和方法，对安全及其影响因素进行分析和评价，建立综合集成的安全防控系统并使之持续有效运行。 9.安全系统工程的任务：（1）危险源辨识（2）分析、预测危险源由触发因素作用而引发事故的类型及后果（3）设计和选用安全措施方案，进行安全决策（4）安全措施和对策的实施（5）对措施效果做出总体评价（6）不断改进，以求最佳措施效果，使系统达到最佳安全状态。10.安全系统工程的研究对象：任何一个生产系统地都包括三个部分，即从事生产活动的操作人员和管理人员，生产必需的机器设备、厂房等物质条件，以及生产活动所处的环境。这三个部分构成一个“人—机—环境”系统，每一部分就是该系统的一个子系统，称为人子系统、机器子系统和环境子系统。 11.安全系统工程的研究内容：①系统安全分析系统安全分析有五个基本要素和程序：安全目标、可选用方案、系统模式、评价标准、方案选优②系统安全评价：安全评价的目的是为决策提供依据。系统安全评价往往要以系统安全分析为基础，通过分析，了解和掌握系统存在的危险因素，但不一定要对所有危险因素采取措施。而是通过评价掌握系统的事故风险大小，以此与预定的系统安全指标相比较，如果超出指标，则应对系统的主要危险因素采取控制措施，使其降至该标准以下。③安全决策与控制：任何一项系统安全分析技术或系统安全评价技术，如果没有一种强有力的管理手段和方法，也不会发挥其应有的作用。因此，在出现系统安全分析安全评价技术的同时，也出现了系统安全决策。 12.安全分析应遵循的基本原则：（1）首先可进行初步的综合性分析，再进行详细的分析。（2）根据分析对象的不同，选择相应的分析方法3）如果对新建、改建的设计或限定目标进行分析，可选用静态的分析方法(包括初步分析和详细分析)。如果对运行状态进行分析，则可选用动态的分析方法，如程序分析和逻辑分析等。（4）如果需要对系统进行反复调整，使之达到较高的安全性水平，可以使用替换分析和逻辑分析等。（5）各种分析方法可以互为补充，使用一种方法也许不能完全分析出系统的危险性，但用其他方法可以弥补其不足的部分。（6）进行分析时并不需要使用所有的方法，应该根据实际情况，结合特定的环境和资金条件，使分析能够得出正确的评价。 13.安全检查表的特点：①系统化、科学化，为事故树的绘制和分析，做好准备②容易得出正确的评估结果③充分认识各种影响事故发生的因素的危险程度(或重要程度)④按照原因事件的重要／顺序排列，有问有答，通俗易懂⑤易于分清责任。还可以提出对改进措施的要求，并进行检验⑥符合我国现阶段的实际情况，为安全预测和决策提供坚实的基础⑦只能作定性的评价，不能给出定量评价结果 ⑧只能对已经存在的对象评价 14.预先危险性分析，又称预先危险分析。是在每项工程活动之前，如设计、施工、生产之前，或技术改造后，即制定操作规程和使用新工艺等情况之后，对系统存在的危险性类型、来源、出现条件、导致事故的后果以及有关措施等，做一概略分析。是一种定性分析系统危险因素和危险程度的方法。 15.预先危险性分析的目的：①防止操作人员直接接触对人体有害的原材料、半成品、成品和生产废弃物②防止使用危险性工艺、装置、工具和采用不安全的技术路线③如果必须使用上述技术路线时，应从工艺上或设备上采取安全措施，以保证这些危险因素不致发展成事故。 16.预先危险性分析的一般步骤：确定系统、调查收集资料、系统功能分解、分析识别危险源、确定危险等级、制订措施、措施实施 17.危险性等级的划分：①1级安全的，不会导致伤害或疾病，系统无损失，可以忽略②2级临界的，处于事故的边缘状态，暂时还不会造成人员伤亡和系统的损坏，但应予排除或控制③3级危险的，会造成人员伤亡和系统损坏，要立即采取措施控制④4级破坏性的，破坏性的，会造成死亡或系统报废，必须设法消除 18.危险性控制：①直接措施：（1）限制能量或采用安全能源代替危险能源。如限速装置、低电压设备、安全设备，限制生产能量等（2）防止能量外泄，如自动温度调节器、保险丝、气体检测器、地面装卸作业、锐利工具等（3）防止能量散逸，如放射性物质的铅储器、绝缘材料、安全带等。②间接措施：（1）在能量的放出路线上和放出的时间上采取措施，如排尘装置、安全禁止标志、防护性接地、安全连锁装置等（2）能量放出缓冲装置，如爆炸板、安全阀、保险带、冲击吸收装置等（3）在能量源上采取防护措施，如防护罩、喷水灭火装置、禁入栅栏、防火墙等 （4）在能量和人与物之间设立防护措施，如玻璃视镜、 过滤器、防噪声装置等（5）对人体采取防护措施，如防 尘眼镜、安全靴、头盔、手套、呼吸器、防护用具等（6） 提高耐受能力，选用适应性强的人和耐久性材料（7）降 低损害程度的措施，如紧急冲浴设备、配置低放射线、救 援活动和急救治疗等。 19.故障是指系统或元素在运行过程中，在规定是时间和 条件内不能达到设计规定的要求，因而不能实现预定功能 的状态 20.故障类型及影响分析的步骤：①调查情况收集资料② 危险源初步辨识③故障类型、影响、组成因素分析④故障 危险程度、发生概率、分析⑤检测方法与预防措施⑥按故 障危险程度与概率大小，分先后次序，轻重缓急地逐项采 取预防措施 21.危险性与可操作性研究分析是以关键词为引导，找出 系统中工艺过程的状态参数的变化（即偏差），然后再继 续分析造成偏差的原因、后果及可以采取的对策。 22.鱼刺图法的步骤可以概括为：针对结果，分析原因； 先主后次，层层深入 23.事件树分析法从事件的起始状态出发，用逻辑推理的 方法，设想事故发展过程；进而根据这一过程了解事故发 生的原因和条件。其实质是利用逻辑思维的规律和形式， 从宏观的角度去分析事故形成的过程。 24.事故树分析：又称故障树分析，是从结果到原因找出 与灾害事故有关的各种因素之间因果关系和逻辑关系的 作图分析法。 25.事故树分析的基本程序：（1）熟悉系统（2）调查事故 （3）确定顶上事件（4）确定目标（5）调查原因事件（6） 绘制事故树（7）定性分析（8）计算顶上事件发生概率（9） 分析比较（10）定量分析（11）制定安全对策 26.最小割集是指凡能导致顶上事件发生的最低限度的基 本事件的集合 27.最小径集是指凡不能导致顶上事件发生的最低限度的 基本事件的集合 28.最小割集和最小径集在事故树分析中的作用：（1）最 小割集表示系统的危险性。求出最小割集可以掌握事故发 生的各种可能，为事故调查和事故预防提供方便（2）最 小径集表示系统的安全性。求出最小径集我们可以知道， 要使事故不发生，有几种可能方案（3）最小割集能直观 地、概略地告诉人们，哪种事故模式最危险，哪种稍次， 哪种可以忽略（4）利用最小径集可以经济地、有效地选 择采用预防事故的方案（5）利用最小割集和最小径集可 以直接排出结构重要度顺序（6）利用最小割集和最小径 集计算顶上事件的发生概率和定量分析。 29.用最小割集或最小径集进行结构重要度分析：①频率: 当最小割集的基本事件个数不等时，基本事件少的割集中 的基本事件比基本事件多的割集中的基本事件结构重要 度大②频数：当最小割集的基本事件个数相等时，重复在 各最小割集中出现的基本事件比只在一个最小割集中出 现的基本事件结构重要度大，重复次数多的比重复次数少 的结构重要度大③看频率又看频数：在基本事件少的最小 割集中出现次数少的事件比基本事件多的最小割集中出 现次数多的相比较一般前者大于后者 30.三中重要度系数中，结构重要度系数从事故树结构上 反映进本事件的重要程度；概率重要度系数反映基本事件 概率的增减对顶上事件发生概率影响的敏感度；临界重要 度系数从敏感度和自身发生概率大小双重角度反映基本 事件的重要程度。其中，结构重要度系数反映了某一基本 事件在事故树结构中所占的地位，而临界重要度系数从结 构和概率上反映了改善某一基本事件的难易程度，概率重 要度系数则起着一种过渡作用，是计算两种重要度系数的 基础 31.安全评价原理：相关性原理、类推原理、惯性原理、 量变到质变原理。①相关性原理：在分析和处理问题时， 要恰当地分析和处理系统内外因素、各层次之间的联系 （相关性），以达到强化整体效应的目的。一个系统，其 属性、特征与事故和职业危害存在着因果的相关性，这是 系统因果评价方法的理论基础。②类推原理：类比推理是 根据两个或两类对象之间存在着某些相同或相似的属性， 从一个已知对象还具有某个属性来推出另一个对象具有 此种属性的一种推理。③惯性原理：任何事物在其发展过 程中，从其过去到现在以及延伸至将来，都具有一定的延 续性，这种延续性称为惯性。④量变到质变原理：任何一 个事物在发展变化过程中都存在着从量变到质变的规律 32.对于一个具有潜在危险性的作业条件，格雷厄姆和金 尼认为，影响危险性的主要因素有3个：①发生事故或危 险事件的可能性；②暴露于这种危险环境的情况；③事故 一旦发生可能产生的后果。用式（4-2）来表示，则为： D=L·E·C D——作业条件的危险性；L——事故或危险 事件发生的可能性；E——暴露于危险环境的频率；C—— 发生事故或危险事件的可能结果。 33.安全决策是通过对系统过去、现在发生的事故进行分 析的基础上，运用预测技术的手段，对系统未来事故变化 规律作出合理判断的过程。 34.系统安全预测就要预测造成事故后果的许多前级事 件，包括起因事件、过程事件和情况变化；随着生产的发 展以及新工艺、新技术的应用，预测会产生什么样的新危 险、新的不安全因素；随着科学的发展，预测未来的安全 生产面貌及应采取的安全对策。 35.系统安全预测同其他预测方法一样，遵循如下的基本 原理：（1）系统原则（2）类推和概率推断原则（3）惯性 原理 36.安全决策过程：（1）确定目标：从大安全观出发，安 全决策所涉及的主要问题就是保证人们的生产安全、生活 安全和生存安全。应进一步界定、分解和量化。生产安全 是一个总目标，它可以分解为预防事故发生，消除职业病 和改善劳动条件(2）确定决策方案:拟出几个可供选择的 方案。将达不到目标基本要求的方案舍弃掉，然后对各个 方案进行排序。排在第一位的方案也称为备选决策提案。 备选决策提案做进一步的慎重研究。（3）潜在问题或后果 分析:“假如采用这个方案，将要产生什么样的结果？假 如采用这个方案，可能导致哪些不良后果和错误？”① 人身安全方面②人的精神和思想方面③人的行为方面（4） 实施与反馈:实施过程中制定实施规划、落实实施机构、 人员职责，并及时检查与反馈实施情况，使决策方案在实 施过程中趋于完善并达到预期效果。 37.决策树是风险决策的基本方法之一。决策树分析方法 又称概率分析决策方法。决策树法是一种演绎性方法，即 是一种有序的概率图解法。 38.危险性与可操作性研究的成败关键：（1）对分析研究 所依据的制造过程图表及有关数据把握的正确性（2）小 组成员的专业技术和洞察能力（3）小组成员运用此方法 帮助其想象动作偏离、原因和后果的透视能力（4）小组 成员具备事故严重性分析能力，尤其是对已指出的危害， 在评估其严重性之时能对危害可能引起的严重性大小，具 有衡量其轻重之能力。 39.安全系统工程的静态构架，由抽象到具体，分别由4 个层次所构成：安全哲学，安全科学，安全技术，安全工 程 40.安全系统工程主要手段：首先，在系统的研发阶段， 安全系统工程要求设置安全工程系统管理计划。从理论上 说，在产品最初的构想阶段，安全因素就应该被充分的考 虑到。其次，安全系统通过以下几个手段来保证系统安全： 安全设计、安全预警、安全生产、安全训练 41.事故树分析法的特点：（1）结果：系统可能发生的事 故放在图的最上面，称为顶上事件。（2）原因：可能是其 他一些原因的结果，称为中间原因事件，应继续往下分析。 直到找出不能进一步往下分析的原因为止，这些原因称为 基本原因事件。（3）优点：是采用演绎方法分析事故的因 果关系。 42.事件分为事故事件和成功事件

2021太原理工大学翻译专硕考研真题经验参考书

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太原理工大学研究生复试笔试对应科目名称

太原理工大学研究生复试笔试对应科目名称

报考学院 报考业 代码报考专业名称 笔试 科目 编号 笔试科目名称备注 机械工程学院050404设计艺术学017设计艺术学试题学术型机械工程学院080200机械工程001机械工程学科试题学术型机械工程学院080703动力机械及工程001机械工程学科试题学术型机械工程学院430102机械工程001机械工程学科试题 专业学 位 机械工程学院430107动力工程001机械工程学科试题 专业学 位 机械工程学院430135车辆工程001机械工程学科试题 专业学 位 材料科学与工程学院、表面 工程研究所080500材料科学与工程002 材料科学与工程学科 试题 学术型 材料科学与工程学院、表面 工程研究所080602钢铁冶金002 材料科学与工程学科 试题 学术型 材料科学与工程学院、表面 工程研究所080603有色金属冶金002 材料科学与工程学科 试题 学术型 材料科学与工程学院、表面 工程研究所430105材料工程002 材料科学与工程学科 试题 专业学 位 电气与动力工程学院080702热能工程020热能工程试题学术型电气与动力工程学院080800电气工程003电气工程学科试题学术型电气与动力工程学院430108电气工程003电气工程学科试题 专业学 位 信息工程学院080902电路与系统004通讯与信息工程试题学术型

信息工程学院081000通信与信息工程004通讯与信息工程试题学术型信息工程学院081100控制科学与工程005控制科学与工程试题学术型信息工程学院430109电子与通讯工程004通讯与信息工程试题 专业学 位 信息工程学院430110集成电路工程004通讯与信息工程试题 专业学 位 信息工程学院430111控制工程005控制科学与工程试题 专业学 位 计算机与软件学院081200计算机科学与技术006 计算机科学与技术学 科试题 学术型计算机与软件学院087100管理科学与工程015管理学学科试题学术型 计算机与软件学院430112计算机技术006 计算机科学与技术学 科试题专业学位 计算机与软件学院430113软件工程006 计算机科学与技术学 科试题专业学位 建筑与土木工程学院081301建筑历史与理论007建筑学学科试题学术型建筑与土木工程学院081304建筑技术科学007建筑学学科试题学术型建筑与土木工程学院081400土木工程008 土木工程（一）学科试 题 学术型 建筑与土木工程学院430114建筑与土木工程008 土木工程（一）学科试 题专业学位 水利科学与工程学院081500水利工程009水利工程学科试题学术型水利科学与工程学院082802农业水土工程009水利工程学科试题学术型水利科学与工程学院430115水利工程009水利工程学科试题 专业学 位

太原理工大学操作系统实验报告2016

课程名称：操作系统B 实验项目：操作系统实验 实验地点：逸夫楼402、逸夫楼502教室专业班级：软件1415班 学生姓名：朱伟学号：2014005960 指导教师：张俊花 2016年11月28日

实验一几种操作系统的界面 一、目的和要求 （一）目的 本实验的目的是使学生熟悉1—2种操作系统的界面，在熟练使用机器的基础上，能了解各种操作命令和系统调用在系统中的大致工作过程。也就是通过操作系统的外部特征，逐步深入到操作系统的内部实质内容中去。 （二）要求 1.能熟练的在1—2种操作系统的环境下工作，学会使用各种命令，熟悉系统提供的各种功能，主动而有效地使用计算机。 2.熟悉系统实用程序的调用方法和各种系统调用模块的功能和作用 二、实验内容 在某种操作系统的环境下建立、修改、运行、打印源程序和结果，最后撤消一个完整的程序。 提示：可按下述步骤进行 1．编写一个完整的源程序，通过编辑命令送入机器，建立源程序文件； 2．编译该源文件，建立相应的目标文件； 3．编译有错时，再用编辑命令修改源文件，消除全部词法和语法错误； 4．连接目标文件，形成可执行文件； 5．执行该文件，得到结果； 6．打印输出源程序和运行结果； 7．撤消本次实验中形成的所有文件。 三、实验步骤及程序流程图 1、按住Windows键+R输入notepad回车调出记事本。 2、编辑一个java程序选择另存为F：。

3、按住Windows键+R输入cmd回车。 4、进入Dos界面输入F：。 5、输入dir查看java文件，使用javac命令进行编辑

四、程序清单 class demo { public static void main(String [] args) { System.out.print("软件1415班朱伟 2014005960"); } } 五、实验心得 这次实验是在win7操作系统下进行的，通过编译连接一个java小程序熟悉DOS命令的使用。实验中用到的DOS工具： dir：列出当前控制台所在的路径下的所有文件以及文件夹。

(完整版)太原理工大学研究生期末考试组合数学答案

1. 填空(本题共20分，共10空，每空2分) 1) 三只白色棋子和两只红色棋子摆放在5*5的棋盘上，要求每行每列只放 置一个棋子，则共有 1200 种不同的摆放方法。 答案： 1200!52 5=?C 2) 在(5a 1-2a 2+3a 3)6的展开式中，a 12?a 2?a 33的系数是 -81000 。 答案：81000 3)2(5!3!1!2! 632-=?-???? 3) 有n 个不同的整数，从中取出两组来，要求第一组数里的最小数大于第 二组的最大数，共有12 1 +?-n n 种方案。 4) 六个引擎分列两排，要求引擎的点火的次序两排交错开来，试求从一特 定引擎开始点火有 12 种方案。 答案：121 2 1213=??C C C 5) 从1到600整数中既不能被3整除也不能被5整除的整数有 320 个。 6) 要举办一场晚会，共10个节目，其中6个演唱节目，4个舞蹈节目。现 要编排节目单，要求任意两个舞蹈节目之间至少要安排一个演唱节目，则共可以写出 604800 种不同的节目单。 答案： 604800!4!63 7=??C 7) 把n 男n 女排成一只男女相间的队伍，共有 2)!(2n ? 种排列方法； 若围成一圆桌坐下，又有 )2/()!(22n n ? 种方法。 8) n 个变量的布尔函数共有 n n 2 个互不相同的。 9) 把r 个相异物体放入n 个不同的盒子里，每个盒子允许放任意个物体， 而且要考虑放入同一盒中的物体的次序，这种分配方案数目为 ),1(r r n P -+ 。 答案：) ,1()!1()!1()1()2)(1(r r n P n r n r n n n n -+=--+=-+???++

太原理工大学研究生奖学金管理办法

《太原理工大学全日制研究生培养经费交纳及普通奖学金管理办法》 (修订) 2013年3月 为了更好适应研究生培养机制的改革，提高录取生源质量，针对我校近几 年第一志愿报考及录取的实际情况，并依据教育部规定, 特对我校全日制研究 生培养经费交纳及普通奖学金管理办法进行调整，具体规定如下。 一、全日制博士研究生 1.全日制博士研究生分为奖学金博士研究生和自费博士研究生。奖学金博 士研究生不需交纳培养经费，每月可享受1000元的普通奖学金（其中，导师科 研经费承担500元，学校承担500元），培养期限为三年。满三年未毕业者， 在延期学习期间不需交纳培养经费，但不再享受普通奖学金的待遇。自费博士 研究生在学期间需每年交纳1万元培养费，分年度交纳，不享受普通奖学金。 2.应届硕士毕业（含硕博连读）的考生录取为我校非定向博士研究生，确 定为奖学金博士研究生。 3.硕士毕业后两年内考取我校非定向博士研究生，确定为奖学金博士研究生。 4.除以上2、3所列之外其他类型的博士研究生确定为自费博士研究生。 二、全日制硕士研究生

1.全日制硕士研究生分为奖学金研究生（一等奖学金、二等奖学金）和自费研究生。一等奖学金研究生免交培养经费，每月享受500元普通奖学金（其中，学校承担400元，指导教师科研经费承担100元）。二等奖学金研究生免交培养经费，但不享受普通奖学金。自费研究生需要交纳培养经费，根据录取类型按不同标准交纳，不享受普通奖学金。 2.统招方式录取的硕士生在同一专业内依据考生初试成绩、复试成绩加权综合成绩排名，由高到低分为奖学金研究生(一等奖学金、二等奖学金)和自费研究生。 推荐免试研究生、“985”、“211”院校应届本科毕业生考取我校非定向研究生不论排名均享受一等奖学金； 统招方式录取的自费研究生一般专业按7000元/年、艰苦专业按4000元/年分年度交纳三年培养经费。 3.参加单独考试录取的硕士生均为自费研究生，不分普通、艰苦专业均按1万元/年分年度交纳三年培养经费。 4. MBA专业学位研究生均为自费研究生，按15000元元/年分年度按培养期限2-3年交纳培养经费。 5. .在本科学习阶段取得优秀科研成绩（在核心期刊以上级别刊物发表本学科相关学术论文，或在全国A类科技竞赛中获得一等奖）的应届毕业生考取硕士研究生，在入学后可向研究生院申请提高奖学金层次。