测控专业英语课件(一) [兼容模式]

Specialized English for The Measurement and S i li d E li h f Th M t d Control Technology and Instrumentation

测控技术与仪器专业英语

授课教师：郝勇

邮箱：haonm@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/352932246.html,

Introduction引言

1.1 什么是专业英语

普通英语（Common English, Ordinary English ）?????科技英语（English for Science and Technology ）

??（English for Special Science and Technology ）

专业英语E g f p gy 1. 专业英语与普通英语

(1). 专业英语在词义上具有不同于基础英语的特点和含义。

pl nt bus rr r p rf rm nc h rs p r micr chip plant, bus, error, performance, horsepower, microchip, semiconductor

1.1 什么是专业英语

11

{例1：If a mouse is installed in a computer,then the available memory space for user will reduce.

{错误译法：如果让老鼠在计算机里面筑窝，那么使用者的记忆空间就会减少。

{专业译法：如果计算机安装了鼠标，则用户可利用内存空间就会减少。

例2：Connect the black pigtail with the dog-house.

错误译法：把黑色的猪尾巴系在狗窝上。

专业译法：将黑色的引出线接在（高频高压电源）屏罩上。

专业译法：将黑色的引出线接在（高频高压电源）屏罩上

1.1 什么是专业英语

1. 专业英语与普通英语

(2) 外文科技文章在结构上也具有很多自身的特点，如长句多，被动语态多，大量的名词化结构等，这都给对原文的理解被动语态多大量的名词化结构等这都给对原文的理解和翻译带来了基础英语中很难解决的困难。

例：The heating system and the water heater（热水器）in a house are system in which only the sign of the difference between desired and actual temperatures is used for control.

1. 专业英语与普通英语

1专业英语与普通英语

{The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.

地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。

地球绕轴自转引起昼夜的变化

名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。

普

1. 专业英语与普通英语

{(3)专业英语对听说读写译的侧重点不同，其主要的要求在于“读”和“译”，也就是通过大量的阅读对外文资料进行正确的理解和翻译（p

interpretation&translation），在读和译的基础上，对听、说、写进行必要的训练。

1.1 什么是专业英语

z隶属于科技英语是科技英语的一部分，以表达科技概念、理论与事实为主要目的。遵守科技英语的语法体系和翻译方法;特别注重客观事实和真理，表达准确、精练和正式。

z是结合各自专业的科技英语有很强的专业性，涉及的面

更加狭窄，与专业内容配合更为密切。

更加狭窄与专业内容配合更为密切

专业英语与科技英语既有区别又有联系。专业英语的学

习需要有一个良好的科技英语基础，同时也要注意其自

身的词汇特点、语法特点、修辞特点和翻译特点等等。

身的词汇特点语法特点修辞特点和翻译特点等等

22. 科技英语与专业英语

{It is a known fact that the rotation of the Earth is gradually slowing. For four and one half billion years, its entire life, it slowing For four and one half billion years its entire life it has been slowing down.

{If the Earth's rotation was not slowing, there would be none of this stress, and its shape would have remained constant

g g

throughout the ages

{Work must be done in setting a body in motion.

使个物体运动时必须做{

Boiling point is defined as the temperature at which the vapor atmosphere

使一个物体运动时，必须做功(词义引申词义引申))。

pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere.沸点的定义就是气压等于大气压时的温度。(v →n)The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical gy g through a generator

发电机可以把机械能再转换成电能

1.2 学习专业英语的重要性

(1) 科研信息获取z 当前大部分资料都可以通过互联网传播，而这些资料中90％以上都专业英语阅读能力

是英语。

z 世界上科技情报资料的交流主要靠使用英语,对于机械相关专业来说，(2)研究成果展示绝大部分专业资料和信息都是以英语形式出观。

(2) 研究成果展示z 申请专利

发表学术文专业英语写作能力

(3)国际交流合作z 发表学术论文：85％以上的科技资料都是以英语形式出版的

专业英语表达听说应变能力(3) 国际交流合作

专业英语表达、听说、应变能力

1.3 课程的学习内容

基础知识

z文体特点，语法特点，

文体特点语法特点

z词汇特点，常用符号公式表达

z阅读翻译

z专业词汇的翻译，词性的转换，形容词和名词的翻译，

z被动语态和长句的翻译等

课文：

z Introduction to Measurement;

z Introduction to Control System;

z Introduction to Measurement/test Technology and Equipment;

z Modern Measurement and Control Technology.

gy

z论文写作：

z Resume

z学习科技文献的写作格式及写作技巧

Chapter 1 Features of Specialized English

专业英语的特点

2.1 Grammar Features 语法特点

客观性（Objective）、准确性（accuracy）和精练性(conciseness)。

(1) 广泛使用被动语态

(1)广泛使用被动语态

(2) 广泛使用非谓语形式

(3) 省略句使用频繁

(4) It句型和祈使句使用频繁

(4)

(5) 复杂长句使用频繁

(6) 后置形容词短语作定语多

科技英语叙述的对象往往是事物现象或过程强调的是所(1) 广泛使用被动语态(客观性)

科技英语叙述的对象往往是事物，现象或过程，强调的是所叙述事物的本身，而非其主体。被动语态有强调受事者，将其t i th ti iti ）的语用功能置于话题（topic ）的主位（thematic position ）的语用功能。如：

Heat and light are given off by the chemical reaction Heat and light are given off by the chemical reaction.这种化学反应能发出热和光。

被动语态隐含施动者可以避免给人以主观臆断的对象如：被动语态隐含施动者，可以避免给人以主观臆断的对象，如：It is universally known that the world is made of matter.

人人都知道世界是由物质构成的

人人都知道世界是由物质构成的。 专业英语在句法上最突出的特点是被动语态数量可以占全部谓语动词的到半以上

占全部谓语动词的1/3到一半以上。

(1)广泛使用被动语态2.1 Grammar Features

客性

(1) 广泛使用被动语态z 主体多为客观的事物、现象和过程，在叙述推理过程中切忌加进作者

个人的主臆断

(客观性)个人的主观臆断；z

中心是客观现象及事物本身，而非动作的发出者，把论证说明的对象

置于句子主语的位置，既能突出中心，又能吸引读者的注意。

1)Electricity can be measured in amount and quality.

电可以用数量和质量来度量。

high-voltage 2)Instrument transformers are installed on the high voltage equipment.

互感器安装在高压设备上

2.1 Grammar Features

3)Electric power is generated in power generating stations or plants. )El d l

电能是在发电站或发电厂产生的

4)The meters are calibrated and the scale is designed to read the value of the desired unit.

这些仪表可以被校准并且设计了不同的量程，以便读出期望的数值。5)Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulation medium.Such a device is called a capacitor,and its ability to store electrical energy is termed capacitance.It is measured in’Farads.

电能可以储存在被一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属板中，这样的装置被称为电容器，它储存电能的能力就被称为电容。电容的测量单位是法拉。

2.1 Grammar Features

英语中存在一些自动性（Intransitivity）很强的动词或动词词组produce，originate，enable，emerge，vary，give，send，occur，represent，flow，bring about，come within 等，使用这些动词或词组作谓语时不必使用被动式，可以简化语态，在现代科技英语中也用得越来越频繁。

2.1 Grammar Features

(2)广泛使用非谓语形式

精炼

(精炼)

非谓语动词在句子中可以起到名词，形容词或副词作用，动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。

①动名词

9用动名词短语取代时间从句或简化时间陈述句

1)The signal should be filtered before it is amplified.

The signal should be filtered before being amplified.

放大信号前，应先对其进行滤波

2)An object becomes hot.It is placed in the sun.

Once being placed in the sun,an object becomes hot.

物体放置在太阳下会变热。

物体放置在太阳下会变热

(财务会计)英语学习会计专业英语必备

弃我去者，昨日之日不可留 乱我心者，今日之日多烦忧 过急会计术语英汉对照 Accounting system 会计系统 American Accounting Association 美国会计协会 American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会 Audit 审计 Balance sheet 资产负债表Bookkeepking 簿记 Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测Certificate in Internal Auditing 内部审计证书 Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书 Certificate Public Accountant注册会计师Cost accounting 成本会计 External users 外部使用者 Financial accounting 财务会计 Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会 Financial forecast 财务预测 Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则 General-purpose information 通用目的信息Government Accounting Office 政府会计办公室 Income statement 损益表 Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会 Institute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会 Integrity 整合性 Internal auditing 内部审计 Internal control structure 内部控制结构Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署Internal users 内部使用者 Management accounting 管理会计 Return of investment 投资回报 Return on investment 投资报酬Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会 Statement of cash flow 现金流量表Statement of financial position 财务状况表 Tax accounting 税务会计 Accounting equation 会计等式 Articulation 勾稽关系 Assets 资产 Business entity 企业个体 Capital stock 股本 Corporation 公司 Cost principle 成本原则 Creditor 债权人 Deflation 通货紧缩 Disclosure 批露 Expenses 费用 Financial statement 财务报表 Financial activities 筹资活动 Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设 Inflation 通货膨涨 Investing activities 投资活动 Liabilities 负债 Negative cash flow 负现金流量 Operating activities 经营活动 Owner's equity 所有者权益 Partnership 合伙企业 Positive cash flow 正现金流量 Retained earning 留存利润 Revenue 收入 Sole proprietorship 独资企业 Solvency 清偿能力 Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设 Stockholders 股东 Stockholders' equity 股东权益 Window dressing 门面粉饰 Account 帐户 基本词汇 A (1)account 账户,报表 A (2)accounting postulate 会计假设 A (3)accounting valuation 会计计价 A (4)accountability concept 经营责任 概念 A (5)accountancy 会计职业 A (6)accountant 会计师 A (7)accounting 会计 A (8)agency cost 代理成本 A (9)accounting bases 会计基础 A (10)accounting manual 会计手册 A (11)accounting period 会计期间 A (12)accounting policies 会计方针 A (13)accounting rate of return 会计报 酬率 A (14)accounting reference date 会计 参照日 A (15)accounting reference period 会 计参照期间 A (16)accrual concept 应计概念 A (17)accrual expenses 应计费用 A (18)acid test ratio 速动比率(酸性测 试比率) A (19)acquisition 收购 A (20)acquisition accounting 收购会计 A (21)adjusting events 调整事项 A (22)administrative expenses 行政管 理费 A (23)amortization 摊销 A (24)analytical review 分析性复核 A (25)annual equivalent cost 年度等量 成本法 A (26)annual report and accounts 年度 报告和报表 A (27)appraisal cost 检验成本 A (28)appropriation account 盈余分配 账户 A (29)articles of association 公司章程 细则 A (30)assets 资产 A (31)assets cover 资产担保 A (32)asset value per share 每股资产 价值 A (33)associated company 联营公司 A (34)attainable standard 可达标准 A (35)attributable profit 可归属利润 A (36)audit 审计 A (37)audit report 审计报告 A (38)auditing standards 审计准则 A (39)authorized share capital 额定股 本 A (40)available hours 可用小时 A (41)avoidable costs 可避免成本 B (42)back-to-back loan 易币贷款 B (43)backflush accounting 倒退成本 计算 B (44)bad debts 坏帐 B (45)bad debts ratio 坏帐比率 B (46)bank charges 银行手续费 B (47)bank overdraft 银行透支 B (48)bank reconciliation 银行存款调 节表 B (49)bank statement 银行对账单 B (50)bankruptcy 破产 B (51)basis of apportionment 分摊基 础 B (52)batch 批量 B (53)batch costing 分批成本计算

旅游英语专业实训报告文档

旅游英语专业实训报告文档Training report of tourism English Major 编订：JinTai College

旅游英语专业实训报告文档 小泰温馨提示：报告是按照上级部署或工作计划，每完成一项任务， 一般都要向上级写报告，反映工作中的基本情况、工作中取得的经验 教训、存在的问题以及今后工作设想等，以取得上级领导部门的指导。本文档根据申请报告内容要求展开说明，具有实践指导意义，便于学 习和使用，本文下载后内容可随意修改调整及打印。 自XX年6月20日起。作为旅游英语专业的专业实训课 便随之一一拉开帷幕，直到30日双选会的来临才会结束。之 所以要进行专业实训课无外乎是想要我们做好顶岗实习前的训导准备。都说三百六十行，行行出状元。要想在各行各业出人头地的前提出了对职业拥有莫大的热情外还必须懂得其中运作的规矩。其实这也是我们在校接受教导的最后一次机会了。可以说每天安排的科学而合理的实训课程避免了我们在等待双选会期间虚度光阴。而且每堂实训课都是有针对性的进行的，所以对于我们每个人来说是有百利而无一害。 为了让大家更深刻的体会有关导游这门行业，21日那天 一大早我们全班就随着班车踏上了去墨江的旅途。并花了两天时间分别游玩了墨江的北回归线标志园和国际双胞文化园。当然我们是带着任务去玩的，除了聘请个导游姐姐的讲解外，我

们每个人都必须亲自再走一遍景区并讲导游词给老师和同学们听作为考核的方式。还值得一提的是我们有幸应邀到该地珠宝行进行参访，负责人很热心的请出了我们上一届的学姐为我们解说这里的大概行情。放眼望去直觉店里的珠宝首饰琳琅满目不失让人挑花了眼。幸好有热心的服务员在一旁为我们指点着迷津。接下来负责人还带领着我们在售茶区入座畅谈，比品茶更有趣的是他们毫不吝啬的向我们解剖了他们所认为的导游。此番言谈的确令我们增进了不少有关导游这门职业的别样见解。 除此之外，让我难以忘怀的课程当属胥佳老师上的有关 服务方面的礼仪礼节课。她的课素来倍受青睐，这次也不例外。她一点也不浮夸，所以教授的都是些特实际而实用的知识。最主要的是她愿意让我们当场运用所学的知识。瞧，我们最后是在女生化着美美的妆容和男生打着美美的领带中愉快的结束这门实训课的。与此同时，我也时刻没有忘记朱建青老师不辞辛劳的教我们有关导游业务方面的知识，特别是接待服务方面的细节问题正是有了他的提点才让我们更深入的了解到想当一名合格的导游那是相当的不容易啊。 28日这天也是充实的一天，我们有幸邀请到了旅行社的 经理来为我们上实训课，她的确是见多识广之人。课间言词展现的都是她在实际带团中所遭遇到的各种问题和需要注意的地

会计学专业_会计英语试题[1]

一、w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s 1.残值 scrip value 2.分期付款 installment 3.concern 企业 4.reversing entry 转回分录 5.找零 change 6.报销 turn over 7.past due 过期 8.inflation 通货膨胀 9.on account 赊账 10.miscellaneous expense 其他费用 11.charge 收费 12.汇票 draft 13.权益 equity 14.accrual basis 应计制15.retained earnings 留存收益 16.trad-in 易新，以旧换新 17.in transit 在途 18.collection 托收款项 19.资产 asset 20.proceeds 现值 21.报销 turn over 22.dishonor 拒付 23.utility expenses 水电费 24.outlay 花费 25.IOU 欠条 26.Going-concern concept 持续经营 27.运费 freight 二、Multiple-choice question of the following does not describe accounting? ( C ) A. Language of business B. Useful ofr decision making C. Is an end rathe than a means to an end. by business, government, nonprofit organizations, and individuals. objective of financial reporting is to ( B ) A. Assess the adequacy of internal control. information useful for investor decisions. management results compared with standards. information on compliance with established procedures. of the following statements is(are) correct?( B ) depreciation represents a cash fund being accumulated for the replacement of plant assets. company may use different depreciation methods in its financial statements and its income tax return. cost of a machine includes the cost of repairing damage to the machine during the installation process. use of an accelerated depreciation method causes an asset to wear out more quickly than does use of the unit-of-product method. 4. Which of the following is(are) correct about a company’s balance sheet? ( B ) displays sources and uses of cash for the period. is an expansion of the basic accounting equation is not sometimes referred to as a statement of financial position. is unnecessary if both an income statement and statement of cash flows are availabe. of financial reporting to external investors and creditors include preparing information about all of the following except. ( A ) used to determine which products to poduce about economic resources, claims to those resources, and changes in both resources and claims. that is useful in assessing the amount, timing, and uncertainty of future cash flows. that is useful in making ivestment and credit decisions. of the following measures strengthens internal control over cash receipts except. ( C ) use of a petty cash fund. of a daily listing of all checks received through the mail. use of cash registers. deposit of cash receipts in the bank on a daily basis. primary purpose for using an inventory flow assumption is to. ( A ) against revenue an appropriate cost of goods sold. the physical flow of units of merchandise. income taxes. the reported amount of net income. general terms, financial assets appear in the balance sheet at. ( B ) value value future sales value.

会计学专业会计英语试题

一、words and phrases 1.残值 scrip value 2.分期付款 installment 3.concern 企业 4.reversing entry 转回分录 5.找零 change 6.报销 turn over 7.past due 过期 8.inflation 通货膨胀 9.on account 赊账 10.miscellaneous expense 其他费用 11.charge 收费 12.汇票 draft 13.权益 equity 14.accrual basis 应计制15.retained earnings 留存收益 16.trad-in 易新，以旧换新 17.in transit 在途 18.collection 托收款项 19.资产 asset 20.proceeds 现值 21.报销 turn over 22.dishonor 拒付 23.utility expenses 水电费 24.outlay 花费 25.IOU 欠条 26.Going-concern concept 持续经营 27.运费 freight 二、Multiple-choice question of the following does not describe accounting ( C ) A. Language of business B. Useful ofr decision making C. Is an end rathe than a means to an end. by business, government, nonprofit organizations, and individuals. objective of financial reporting is to ( B ) A. Assess the adequacy of internal control. information useful for investor decisions. management results compared with standards. information on compliance with established procedures. of the following statements is(are) correct( B ) depreciation represents a cash fund being accumulated for the replacement of plant assets. company may use different depreciation methods in its financial statements and its income tax return. cost of a machine includes the cost of repairing damage to the machine during the installation process. use of an accelerated depreciation method causes an asset to wear out more quickly than does use of the unit-of-product method. 4. Which of the following is(are) correct about a company’s balance sheet ( B ) displays sources and uses of cash for the period. is an expansion of the basic accounting equation is not sometimes referred to as a statement of financial position. is unnecessary if both an income statement and statement of cash flows are availabe. of financial reporting to external investors and creditors include preparing information about all of the following except. ( A ) used to determine which products to poduce about economic resources, claims to those resources, and changes in both resources and claims. that is useful in assessing the amount, timing, and uncertainty of future cash flows. that is useful in making ivestment and credit decisions. of the following measures strengthens internal control over cash receipts except. ( C ) use of a petty cash fund. of a daily listing of all checks received through the mail. use of cash registers. deposit of cash receipts in the bank on a daily basis. primary purpose for using an inventory flow assumption is to. ( A ) against revenue an appropriate cost of goods sold. the physical flow of units of merchandise. income taxes. the reported amount of net income. general terms, financial assets appear in the balance sheet at. ( B ) value value future sales value.

旅游专业英语1

I.Multiple choice. Choose the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. （答案请填写在下面的表格中） 12345678910 D B A B B A B A D A 11121314151617181920 C D A A B D D A A B 1. Have you worked in a school before? A. Not at all. B. By no means. C. No, I wouldn’t D. Oh, never. 2. Is that seat taken? A. Please take a seat. B. I don’t think so. C. Why not? D. It’s very nice. 3. Can I help you? A. Thank you. I’m just looking around. 1Of course you can. 2What about you? 3Y es, I can look after myself. 4. It is really a good dinner, isn’t it? A. Y es, I’d like to go. 4Y es, the food is wonderful. 5No, I can’t eat any more. 6It’s very nice of you. 5. Where did you have your hair done? A. My hair has been done. 7My sister did it for me at home. 8My hair is on my head. 9Y es, I have hairs. 6. Everyone knows where the office is, but who is the director? A. Dr.Anderson . B. Everyone does. C. On the next floor. D. Y es, they do. 7. Do you finish the course or drop it? A. Y es, I was. B. I dropped it. C. Y es, I did. D. Of course not. 8. How is your mother? A. She is very well. B. She is taller than you. C. She is very kind. D. She is not very old. 9. When will the party be held? A. In a week. B. It must be busy. C. It is hard. D. It will last three hours. 10. Would you like a coffee? A. Y es, please. B. Where is my coffee?

化工专业英语词汇

化工专业英语词汇reaction kinetics 反应动力学 reactant 反应物 purify 精制提纯 recycle 循环回收 unconverted reactant未转化的反应物 chemical reactor transfer of heat, evaporation, crystallization结晶 drying干燥 screening筛选，浮选 chemical reaction化学反应 cracking of petroleum石油裂解 catalyst催化剂， reaction zone反应区

conservation of mass and energy能量与质量守衡定律technical advance 技术进步 efficiency improvement 效率提高 reaction 反应 separation 分离 heat exchange 热交换 reactive distillation 反应精馏 capital expenditure 基建投资 setup 装置 capital outlay 费用，成本，基建投资 yield 产率，收率 reaction byproduct 反应副产物 equilibrium constant 平衡常数 waste 废物 feedstock 进料，原料 product 产物，产品

percent conversion百分比转化率 ether 乙醚 gasoline汽油 oxygenate content 氧含量 catalyst 催化剂 reactant 反应物 inert 惰性物，不参加反应的物质 reactive distillation 反应精馏 energy saving 节约能量 energy efficiency 能量效率 heat-sensitive material 热敏性物质pharmaceutical 制药 foodstuff 食品 gas diffusivity气体扩散性，气体扩散系数gas adsorption 吸收；absorption：吸附specialty chemical特殊化学品，特种化学品