2006-2012 二级笔译实务真题 catti

目录

2006年5月二级笔译实务真题 (1)

2006年11月二级笔译实务真题 (6)

2007年5月二级笔译实务真题 (11)

2007年11月二级笔译实务真题 (14)

2008年5月二级笔译实务真题 (17)

2008年11月二级笔译实务真题 (20)

2009年5月二级笔译实务真题 (24)

2009年11月二级笔译实务真题 (28)

2010年5月二级笔译实务真题 (31)

2010年11月二级笔译实务真题 (34)

2011年5月二级笔译实务真题 (36)

2011年11月二级笔译实务真题 (40)

2012年5月二级笔译实务真题 (47)

2012年11月二级笔译实务真题 (50)

2006年5月二级笔译实务真题

【英译汉必译题】

For all the natural and man-made disasters of the past year,travelers seem more determined than ever to leave home.

Never mind the tsunami devastation in Asia last December,the recent earthquake in Kashmir or the suicide bombings this year in London and Bali,among other places on or off the tourist trail.The number of leisure travelers visiting tourist destinations hit by trouble has in some cases bounced back to a level higher than before disaster struck.

"This new fast recovery of tourism we are observing is kind of strange,"said John Koldowski,director for the Strategic Intelligence Center of the Bangkok-based Pacific Asia Travel Association."It makes you think about the adage that any publicity is good publicity."

It is still too soon to compile year-on-year statistics for the disasters of the past12 months,but travel industry experts say that the broad trends are already clear.Leisure travel is expected to increase by nearly5percent this year,according to the World Tourism and Travel Council.

Tourism and travel now seem to bounce back faster and higher each time there is an event of this sort,"said Ufi Ibrahim,vice president of the London-based World Tourism and Travel Council.For London,where suicide bombers killed56and wounded700on July8,she said,"It was almost as if people who stayed away after the bomb attack then decided to come back twice."

Early indicators show that the same holds true for other disaster-struck destinations.Statistics compiled by the Pacific Asia Travel Association,for example, show that monthly visitor arrivals in Sri Lanka,where the Dec.26,2004,tsunami left more than30,000people dead or missing,were higher than one year earlier for every month from March through August of this year.

A case commonly cited by travel professionals as an early example of the trend is Bali,where202people were killed in bombings targeting Western tourists in October 2002.Visitor arrivals plunged to993,000for the year after the bombing,but bounced back to1.46million in2004,a level higher than the two years before the bomb, according to the Pacific Asia Travel Association.

Even among Australians,who suffered the worst casualties in the Bali bombings, the number of Bali-bound visitors bounced back within two years to the highest level since1998,according the Pacific Asia Travel Association.

Bali was hit again this year by suicide bombers who killed19people in explosions at three restaurants.

Visits are also on the upswing to post-tsunami Thailand,where the giant waves killed5,400and left more than5,000missing.

Although the tsunami killed more than500Swedes on the Thai resort island of Phuket,the largest number of any foreign nationality to die,Swedes are returning to the island in larger numbers than last year,according to My Travel Sweden,a Stockholm-based group that sends600,000tourists overseas annually and claims a28 percent market share for Sweden.

"We were confident that Thailand would eventually bounce back as a destination, but we didn"t think that this year it would come back even stronger than last year," said Joakim Eriksson,director of communication for My Travel Sweden."We were very surprised because we really expected a significant decline."

Eriksson said My Travel now expects a5percent increase in visitors to both Thailand and Sri Lanka this season compared with the same season last year.This behavior is a sharp change from the patterns of the1990s,Eriksson said.

"During the first Gulf war we saw a sharp drop in travel as a whole,and the same after Sept.11,"Eriksson said."Now the main impact of terrorism or disasters is a change in destination."

【英译汉二选一】

【试题1】

Freed by warming,waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.

In Bykovsky,a village of457on Russia's northeast coast,the shoreline is collapsing,creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil,at a rate of 15to18feet a year.

"It is practically all ice-permafrost-and it is thawing."For the four million people who live north of the Arctic Circle,a changing climate presents new opportunities.But it also threatens their environment,their homes and,for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness,the preservation of their culture.

A push to develop the North,quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas,carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region.The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and,soon,liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North https://www.wendangku.net/doc/347043345.html,nd that was untouched could be

tainted by pollution as generators,smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.

Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well,forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit villages at a projected cost of$100million or more for each one.

Across the Arctic,indigenous tribes with traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife.They are trying to adapt,but it can be confounding.

In Finnmark,Norway's northernmost province,the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau,silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.

A changing Arctic is felt there,too."The reindeer are becoming unhappy,"said Issat Eira,a31-year-old reindeer herder.

Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs.The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region,and Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.

And yet no amount of government support can convince Mr.Eira that his livelihood,intractably entwined with the reindeer,is not about to change.Like a Texas cattleman,he keeps the size of his herd secret.But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring were melting the top layers of snow,which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat.

"The people who are making the decisions,they are living in the south and they are living in towns,"said Mr.Eira,sitting inside his home made of reindeer hides. "They don't mark the change of weather.It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it."

A push to develop the North,quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas,carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region.The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and,soon,liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North https://www.wendangku.net/doc/347043345.html,nd that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators,smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.

【试题2】

Some people call him“Guidone”—big https://www.wendangku.net/doc/347043345.html,rge in both physical stature and reputation,Guido Rossi,who took over as Telecom Italia's chairman on September 15th following the surprise resignation of Marco Tronchetti Provera,has stood out

from the Italian business crowd for more than three decades.Mr.Rossi,who attended Harvard law school in the1950s and wrote a book on American bankruptcy law, made his name as a corporate lawyer keen on market rules and their enforcement.He has since worked in both private and public sectors,including stints in the Italian Senate and as one of the European Commission's group of company-law experts.As well as running a busy legal practice,he also has a reputation as a corporate troubleshooter and all-round Mr Fix-It,and is often called upon to clean up organisations in crisis.

His role at Telecom Italia marks a return to the company he headed for ten months in1997,during its politically tricky and legally complex privatisation.Before that,Mr Rossi had been sent in to sort out Ferruzzi-Montedison,an agri-business and chemicals group,which had collapsed after magistrates uncovered tangentopoli (“bribesville”).Last year his legal scheming was crucial in ABN Amro's victorious bid for Banca Antonveneta.Most recently,he acted as special commissioner at Italy's football association,where he was drafted in to sort out the mess after a massive match-rigging scandal exploded earlier this year.

Alas,his efforts to bleach football's dark stains produced the same meagre[4] results as his other efforts to get Italian business and finance to change its ways.“Like Italians when tangentopoli burst,fans wanted justice when the scandal broke;but enthusiasm for legality quickly waned,”sighs Francesco Saverio Borrelli,Milan's former chief prosecutor,who headed the city's assault on corruption during the1990s and was appointed by Mr Rossi to dig out football's dirt.The political muscle of the clubs prevented tough measures being taken against them,reflecting Italy's two-tier justice system in which the rich and powerful can do what they like.“Economic interests in football far outweigh sporting interests,”remarks Mr Borrelli.The rottenness in football shocked even the unshakeable Mr Rossi.“Football did not want rules,it just wanted me to solve its problems,”he says.Despairing of being able to change much,he resigned in September and turned his attention to Telecom Italia.【汉译英】

【试题一】

亚洲是我们共同的家园，亚洲的和平、稳定、发展关系到亚洲各国人民的共同命运。我们高兴地看到，在当前总体和平稳定的国际环境下，亚洲也迎来了有史以来较为稳定的和平发展时期。这就是一个最重要的新机会。

在亚洲各国政府和人民的共同努力下，亚洲的发展正呈现出前所未有的良好

态势，突出表现在：亚洲巨大的市场潜能逐步得到开发，亚洲各国和地区经济结构调整的成效显著，产业优化升级继续加快，经济持续快速发展，亚洲已成为全球经济最具活力的地区之一。“我们说，要把握亚洲寻求共赢的新机会，这又是一个新机会。”

亚洲和平、稳定、发展的整体氛围，促进了亚洲区域合作进程的快速发展，一个平等、多元、开放、互利的地区合作新局面正在逐步形成。特别是以东亚、东盟、中亚、南盟、亚洲合作对话以及多双边自由贸易安排为标志，各种形式的区域、次区域经济合作蓬勃发展。这同样也是一个新机会。

这些积极而重大的变化，既为推动亚洲区域合作提供了有利条件，也为亚洲各国和地区的发展带来了历史性机遇。“只要我们继续相互尊重、平等对待，把握发展的机会，把握住自己的命运，就一定能够促进亚洲的发展与振兴，达致互利共赢的目标。”

【试题二】

国际经验与中国特色

中国作为后发现代化国家，极其需要借鉴国际经验。同时，在和平崛起进程中，中国又要以自己为主，来关注和解决自己的问题。这就是说，中国的现代化一定要有中国特色。

比如，在农业问题上，中国将努力走出一条新的节约型道路，即有中国特色的节约方式。现在美国人均年消费石油25桶，而中国人均消费不到1桶半。如果中国人不顾自己的条件，异想天开想做起“美国梦”，那我们对能源急切需求就会给自己，同事也会给人类带来沉重的负担和无尽的麻烦。

又比如，在农村富余劳动力的转移上，我们将逐步走出一条中国特色的城市化道路。目前，中国农村劳动力有5亿多人，今后20年大约有两亿多人要转移出来，在这个问题上，中国人不能做“欧洲梦”。欧洲在近代历史上，总共有6000多万人走到世界各地，到处建立殖民地，改变了世界版图。21世纪上半叶的中国人，只能在自己的国土上，通过城市和农村的精心协调发展，通过引导农村富余劳动力在不丧失土地的条件下，在城乡之间有序流动，来解决这个世界级的大难题。

2006年11月二级笔译实务真题

【英译汉必译题】

This week and next,governments,international agencies and nongovernmental organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss the legacy of global Mulhollandism in water-and to chart a new course.

They could hardly have chosen a better location.Water is being pumped out of the aquifer on which Mexico City stands at twice the rate of replenishment.The result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade.You can see the consequences in the cracked cathedrals,the tilting Palace of Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes.

Every region of the world has its own variant of the water crisis story.The mining of groundwaters for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of India and Pakistan by30meters in the past three decades.As water goes down,the cost of pumping goes up,undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers.

What is driving the global water crisis?Physical availability is part of the problem.Unlike oil or coal,water is an infinitely renewable resource,but it is available in a finite quantity.With water use increasing at twice the rate of population growth,the amount available per person is shrinking-especially in some of the poorest countries.

Challenging as physical scarcity may be in some countries,the real problems in water go deeper.The20th-century model for water management was based on a simple idea:that water is an infinitely available free resource to be exploited,dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sustainability.

Across the world,water-based ecological systems-rivers,lakes and watersheds-have been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainability by policy makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over-exploitation.

We need a new model of water management for the21st century.What does that mean?For starters,we have to stop using water like there"s no tomorrow-and that means using it more efficiently at levels that do not destroy our environment.The buzz-phrase at the Mexico Water forum is"integrated water resource management." What it means is that governments need to manage the private demand of different users and manage this precious resource in the public interest.

【英译汉二选一】

【试题1】

John Kenneth Galbraith,the iconoclastic economist,teacher and diplomat,died Saturday at a hospital in Cambridge,Massachusetts。He was97.

Mr.Galbraith was one of the most widely read authors in the history of economics;among his33books was"The Affluent Society"(1958),one of those rare works that forces a nation to re-examine its values.He wrote fluidly,even on complex topics,and many of his compelling phrases—among them"the affluent society," "conventional wisdom"and"countervailing power"—became part of the language.

An imposing presence,lanky and angular at6feet8inches tall,Mr.Galbraith was consulted frequently by national leaders,and he gave advice freely,though it may have been ignored as often as it was taken.Mr.Galbraith clearly preferred taking issue with the conventional wisdom he distrusted.

Mr.Galbraith,a revered lecturer for generations of Harvard students,nonetheless always commanded attention.

From the1930"s to the1990"s Mr.Galbraith helped define the terms of the national political debate,influencing both the direction of the Democratic Party and the thinking of its leaders.

He tutored Adlai E.Stevenson,the Democratic nominee for president in1952and 1956,on Keynesian economics.He advised President John F.Kennedy(often over lobster stew at the Locke-Ober restaurant in their beloved Boston)and served as his ambassador to India.

Though he eventually broke with President Lyndon B.Johnson over the war in Vietnam,he helped conceive of Mr.Johnson"s Great Society program and wrote a major presidential address that outlined its purposes.In1968,pursuing his opposition to the war,he helped Senator Eugene J.McCarthy seek the Democratic nomination for president.

In the course of his long career,he undertook a number of government assignments,including the organization of price controls in World War II and speechwriting for Presidents Franklin D.Roosevelt,Kennedy and Johnson.

He drew on his experiences in government to write three satirical novels.He took on the Harvard economics department with"A Tenured Professor,"ridiculing,among others,a certain outspoken character who bore no small resemblance to himself.

At his death,Mr.Galbraith was the emeritus professor of economics at Harvard, where he had taught for most of his career.A popular lecturer,he treated economics as an aspect of society and culture rather than as an arcane discipline of numbers.

【试题2】

LAST week,Indonesia announced its43rd human death from bird flu.It has now recorded more fatalities than any other nation,and in stark contrast to all other countries its death toll is climbing regularly.It looks as though things will get worse before they get better.

The Indonesian government claims to be committed to fighting the disease, caused by the H5N1virus,but it does not seem to want to spend much of its own money doing so.After the international community pledged$900m in grants and slightly more in very soft loans to combat the spread of bird flu globally and to help nations prepare for a possible human flu pandemic[2],Indonesia put in a request for the full$900m—all of it in grants.

A national bird-flu commission was created in March to co-ordinate the country's response but it has yet to be given a budget.Its chief,meanwhile,has just been given a second full-time job—heading efforts to rebuild the part of Java devastated by an earthquake in May.

Observers say that the available money is being mis-spent,with the focus on humans rather than on animals.The agriculture ministry,for example,is asking for less money for next year than it got this year.This is despite hundreds of thousands of hens dying every month,to say nothing of infected cats,quails,pigs and ducks. Farmers are being compensate at only2,000rupiah(21cents)per bird,well below market price,thereby discouraging them from reporting outbreaks.The country's veterinary surveillance services are inadequate.Pledges to vaccinate hundreds of millions of birds have not been met.

The UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation is starting to establish local disease-control centres to cope with the effects of a virulent mutation,should one occur,but reckons that only one-third of the country will be covered by year's end.A bunch of international do-gooders[4]that is trying to plug some of the gaps is finding it hard to raise money.

【汉译英】

【试题一】

中国是农业大国，在中国成为发达国家的道路上，农业有着决定性的作用。中国的农业应该是世界的奇迹，养活了13亿的人口，解决了世界1/5人口的吃饭问题，对中国经济的快速发展起到了坚实的保障作用。特别是始于1978年的改革开放最早从农村开始，使农业得到了进一步的发展，粮食、棉花、油料、糖料、肉类、水产品等产量均列世界第一位。中国农产品由极度短缺变为基本供给平衡，部分品种有余。但今天农村却不是改革开放的最大受益者，农业仍然处于传统农业向现代农业转变的发展阶段。

在中国，70%左右的人口仍然要依靠这个传统的农业产业提供生存保障，近50%的社会劳动人口仍然只能从农业中得到就业机会。农业生产产值占整个国民生产总值的比率在15%左右。

因此农业的现代化在国家的整个现代化进程中，占有举足轻重的地位。“实现农业的现代化”，这是中国政府一直在坚持的农业发展方向。

【试题二】

维护世界和平，促进共同发展，谋求合作共赢，是各国人民的共同愿望，也是不可抗拒的当今时代潮流。中国高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，坚持走和平发展道路，与世界各国一道，共同致力于建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。

中国与世界从未像今天这样紧密相连。中国政府把中国人民的根本利益与各国人民的共同利益结合起来，坚持奉行防御性的国防政策。中国的国防服从和服务于国家发展战略和安全战略，旨在维护国家安全统一，确保实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标。中国永远是维护世界和平、安全、稳定的坚定力量。

中国在经济不断发展的基础上推进国防和军队现代化，是适应世界新军事变革发展趋势、维护国家安全和发展利益的需要。中国不会与任何国家进行军备竞赛，不会对任何国家构成军事威胁。新世纪新阶段，中国把科学发展观作为国防和军队建设的重要指导方针，积极推进中国特色军事变革，努力实现国防和军队建设全面协调可持续发展。

2007年5月二级笔译实务真题

【英译汉必译题】

Strolling beside Amsterdam’s oldest canals,where buildings carry dates like1541 and1603,it is easy to imagine the city’s prosperity in the17th century.Replace today’s bicycles and cars with horse-drawn carts,add more barges on the waterways, and this is essentially how Amsterdam must have looked to Rembrandt as he did his rounds of wealthy merchants.

Such musings are not,of course,unprompted.This year,Amsterdam is celebrating the400th anniversary of Rembrandt’s birth,and it is hard to escape his shadow.His birthplace in Leiden,20miles south,has naturally organized its own festivities.But Amsterdam has two advantages:it boasts the world’s largest Rembrandt collection—and tourists like to come here anyway.

True,anniversaries can be pretty corny,but what city resists them?This year, Amsterdam is competing with Salzburg,where Mozart was born250years ago,and Aix-en-Provence,where Cézanne died a century ago.A sign in Amsterdam’s tourist office by the Central Station hints at one motive for such occasions:“Buy your Rembrandt products here.”

Still,if you start off by liking Rembrandt,as I do,there is much to discover.For instance,when in Amsterdam I always make a point of paying homage to the Rembrandt masterpieces in the Rijksmuseum,yet until now I had never bothered to visit Rembrandt House,where the painter lived from1639until driven out by bankruptcy in1658.In brief,I had never much connected his art to his person.

Now,at least,I have made a stab at doing so because,for this anniversary(he was born on July15,1606),Amsterdam has organized a host of events that offer insights into Rembrandt’s world.They highlight not only what is known about his life, but also the people he painted and the city he lived in from the age of25until his death at63in1669.

Although the Rijksmuseum is undergoing a massive renovation through2009, the museum is not snubbing its favorite son.Throughout the year,in part of the building to be renovated last,it is presenting some400paintings and other

17th-century objects representing the Golden Age in which Rembrandt prospered. These include works by Jan Steen,Vermeer and Frans Hals as well as by Rembrandt and his pupils.And they climax with Rembrandt’s largest and best known oil,“The Night Watch,”itself the focus of“Nightwatching,”a light and sound installation by the British movie director and Amsterdam resident,Peter Greenaway.

【英译汉二选一】

【试题1】

The arsenal of antibiotics strong enough to squelch nasty bacteria is rapidly dwindling worldwide,which makes worried infectious-disease doctors more intent than ever that the drugs be deployed only when strictly needed.

These specialists know that every antibiotic carries its own risks,and that the more frequently and broadly a drug is used,the more likely it is that harmful microbes will develop tricks to sidestep it.But a team of researchers in the Netherlands,where a more selective use of antibiotics has led to much lower levels of resistant bacteria than are circulating in the United States,thinks the medical finger-waggers have not gone far enough.

"As doctors,we've paid a lot of attention to questions of which antibiotics we should use to treat what sorts of infections,but have focused much less on how long that treatment should last,"said Dr.Jan Prins of the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam.

In a small but provocative study published in the June10issue of the British medical journal BMJ,Dr.Prins and colleagues from nine hospitals suggested that even some cases of pneumonia—a potentially life-threatening disease—could be treated with a three-day course of antibiotics,rather than the conventional7-to 10-day treatment.

The Dutch study analyzed the cure rates of186adults who had been hospitalized with mild to moderately severe pneumonia.All received three days of intravenous amoxicillin to start.After that,the119who were showing substantial improvement were randomly divided into two groups;about half continued with another five-day course of oral amoxicillin,and the others got look-alike sugar pills.Neither the patients nor the doctors knew who was getting which treatment until the end of their participation in the study.

By the end of treatment,roughly89percent of the patients in each group were cured of their lung infections without further intervention.In a commentary accompanying the study,Dr.John Paul,a microbiologist at Sussex County Hospital in Brighton,England,writes that,at least for a subset of patients with uncomplicated, community-acquired pneumonia,the finding"suggests that current guidelines recommending7-10days should be revised."

As lead investigator of the Dutch study,Dr.Prins was not ready to go quite that far.He cited the study's small size and the seriousness of the illness as a reason to wait until the finding is independently replicated before advising a wholesale change in practice.

【试题2】缺

【汉译英】

【试题一】

四川从今年开始将新建三个大熊猫自然保护区，使全省的大熊猫自然保护区达到40个，以确保50％左右的大熊猫栖息地和60％左右的野生大熊猫个体分布在保护区内。四川省今年将建的保护区包括位于邛崃山系的芦山县黄水河大熊猫自然保护区和位于大小相岭的荥经县泡草湾大熊猫自然保护区。同时，位于乐山市金口河区的八月林保护区正在审批中，有望在年内获准建立。

目前，四川省共有37个大熊猫自然保护区，占地200多万公顷，其中国家级大熊猫自然保护区11个。据第三次全国大熊猫普查，四川省野外的大熊猫数量为1206只，约占全国的76％。全省大熊猫栖息地面积达到177万公顷，占全国的77％。

20世纪50年代，中国就创立了第一个以保护大熊猫为目的的自然保护区。1992年中国政府启动了一个旨在全面彻底保护大熊猫栖息地的“中国保护大熊猫及其栖息地工程”，1998年开展了天然林保护、退耕还林等生态工程建设，这些工程开展以后，大熊猫生存繁衍状况明显好转。

大熊猫是世界上最珍贵的濒危动物之一，被称为活化石。目前，野生大熊猫仅存1590只左右，主要分布在四川和陕西。

【试题二】

能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。纵观人类社会发展的历史，人类文明的每一次重大进步都伴随着能源的改进和更替。能源的开发利用极大地推进了世界经济和人类社会的发展。

过去100多年里，发达国家先后完成了工业化，消耗了地球上大量的自然资源，特别是能源资源。当前，一些发展中国家正在步入工业化阶段，能源消费增加是经济社会发展的客观必然。

中国是当今世界上最大的发展中国家，发展经济，摆脱贫困，是中国政府和中国人民在相当长一段时期内的主要任务。20世纪70年代末以来，中国作为世界上发展最快的发展中国家，经济社会发展取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就，成功地开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，为世界的发展和繁荣作出了重大贡献。

中国是目前世界上第二位能源生产国和消费国。能源供应持续增长，为经济社会发展提供了重要的支撑。能源消费的快速增长，为世界能源市场创造了广阔的发展空间。中国已经成为世界能源市场不可或缺的重要组成部分，对维护全球能源安全，正在发挥着越来越重要的积极作用。

2007年11月二级笔译实务真题

【英译汉必译题】

Milton Friedman,Free Markets Theorist,Dies at94.

Milton Friedman,the grandmaster of free-market economic theory in the postwar era and a prime force in the movement of nations toward less government and greater reliance on individual responsibility,died today in San Francisco,where he lived.He was 94.

Conservative and liberal colleagues alike viewed Mr.Friedman,a Nobel prize laureate,as one of the20th century’s leading economic scholars,on a par with giants like John Maynard Keynes and Paul Samuelson.

Flying the flag of economic conservatism,Mr.Friedman led the postwar challenge to the hallowed theories of Lord Keynes,the British economist who maintained that governments had a duty to help capitalistic economies through periods of recession and to prevent boom times from exploding into high inflation.

In Professor Friedman’s view,government had the opposite obligation:to keep its hands off the economy,to let the free market do its work.

The only economic lever that Mr.Friedman would allow government to use was the one that controlled the supply of money—a monetarist view that had gone out of favor when he embraced it in the1950s.He went on to record a signal achievement,predicting the unprecedented combination of rising unemployment and rising inflation that came to be called stagflation.His work earned him the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science in1976.

Rarely,his colleagues said,did anyone have such impact on both his own profession and on government.Though he never served officially in the halls of power,he was always around them,as an adviser and theorist.

“Among economic scholars,Milton Friedman had no peer,”Ben S.Bernanke,the Federal Reserve chairman,said today.“The direct and indirect influences of his thinking on contemporary monetary economics would be difficult to overstate.”

Alan Greenspan,the former Federal Reserve chairman,said of Mr.Friedman in an interview on Tuesday.“From a longer-term point of view,it’s his academic achievements which will have lasting import.But I would not dismiss the profound impact he has already had on the American public’s view.”

Mr.Friedman had a gift for communicating complicated ideas in simple and lucid ways,and it served him well as the author or co-author of more than a dozen books,as a columnist for Newsweek from1966to1983and even as the star of a public television series.

【英译汉二选一】

【试题1】

Panama goes to polls on upgrade for canal

PANAMA CITY:Voters were expected Sunday to approve the largest modernization project in the92-year history of the Panama Canal,a$5.25billion plan to expand the waterway to allow for larger ships while alleviating traffic problems.

The government of President Martín Torrijos has billed the referendum as historic, saying the work would double the capacity of a canal already on pace to generate about$1.4billion in revenue this year.Critics claim the expansion would benefit the canal's customers more than Panamanians,and worry that costs could balloon,forcing this debt-ridden country to borrow even more.

The project would build a third set of locks on the Pacific and Atlantic ends of the canal by2015,allowing it to handle modern container ships,cruise liners and tankers too large for its locks,which are33meters,or108feet,wide.

The Panama Canal Authority,the autonomous government agency that runs the canal,says the project would be paid for by increasing tolls and would generate$6 billion in revenue by2025.

There is nothing Panamanians are more passionate about than the canal.

"It's incomparable in the hemisphere,"said Samuel Lewis Navarro,the country's vice president and foreign secretary."It's in our heart,part of our soul."

Public opinion polls indicate that the plan would be approved overwhelmingly. Green and white signs throughout the country read"Yes for our children,"while tens of thousands of billboards and bumper stickers trumpet new jobs.

"The canal needs you,"television and radio ads implore.

"It will mean more boats,and that means more jobs,"said Damasco Polanco,who was herding cows on horseback in Nuevo Provedencia,on the banks of Lake Gatún, an artificial reservoir that supplies water to the canal.

The canal employs8,000workers and the expansion is expected to generate as many as40,000new jobs.Unemployment in Panama is9.5percent,and40percent of the country lives in poverty.

But critics fear that the expansion could cost nearly double the government's estimate,as well as stoke corruption and uncontrolled debt.

"The poor continue to suffer while the rich get richer,"said JoséFelix Castillo,62, a high school teacher who was one of about3,000supporters who took to Panama City's streets to protest the measure on Friday.

Lewis Navarro noted that a portion of the revenue generated by each ton of cargo that passes through the waterway goes to education and social programs.

"We aren't talking about40percent poverty as a consequence of the canal,"he said."It's exactly the opposite."

【试题2】缺

【汉译英】

【试题一】

旅游是一项集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。旅游业随着时代进步而不断发展。

20世纪中叶以来，现代旅游在世界范围内迅速兴起，旅游人数不断增加，旅游产业规模持续扩大，旅游经济地位提升，旅游活动愈益成为各国人民交流文化、增进友谊、扩大交往的重要渠道，对人类活动和社会进步发生越来越广泛的影响。

古往今来，旅游一直是人们增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求。

在古代，中国先哲们就提出了“观国之光”的思想，倡导“读万卷书，行万里路”，游历名山大川，承天地之灵气，接山水之精华。

【试题二】

从1979到2004年实行改革开放这27年里，中国发生了巨大的变化。经济每年增长9.4%，居民消费每年增长7%，进出口每年增长16.7%。2004年国民经济总产值达1.6494万亿美元，进出口总额达1.1548万亿美元。我们已经基本上建立了社会主义市场经济。我们的生产力和综合国力在不断提高。社会各项事业蓬勃发展，人民生活实现了从温饱到小康这一历史性的飞跃。

如何在全球化加快的新形势下，从中国的实际出发，抓住机遇，迎接挑战，保持持续、快速、和谐和全面社会经济发展，是值得我们密切关注的重大战略略问题。经过多年的实践和探索，我们找到了一条既符合中国实际和时代发展趋势又反映人民愿望的发展道路。这就是具有中国特色的社会主义道路。我们将沿着这条道路坚定不移地奋勇前进。

2008年5月二级笔译实务真题

【英译汉必译题】

If a heavy reliance on fossil fuels makes a country a climate ogre,then Denmark —with its thousands of wind turbines sprinkled on the coastlines and at sea—is living a happy fairy tale.

Viewed from the United States or Asia,Denmark is an environmental role model. The country is"what a global warming solution looks like,"wrote Frances Beinecke, the president of the Natural Resources Defense Council,in a letter to the group last autumn.About one-fifth of the country's electricity comes from wind,which wind experts say is the highest proportion of any country.

But a closer look shows that Denmark is a far cry from a clean-energy paradise.

The building of wind turbines has virtually ground to a halt since subsidies were cut back.Meanwhile,compared with others in the European Union,Danes remain above-average emitters of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.For all its wind turbines, a large proportion of the rest of Denmark's power is generated by plants that burn imported coal.

The Danish experience shows how difficult it can be for countries grown rich on fossil fuels to switch to renewable energy sources like wind power.Among the hurdles are fluctuating political priorities,the high cost of putting new turbines offshore,concern about public acceptance of large wind turbines and the volatility of the wind itself.

"Europe has really led the way,"said Alex Klein,a senior analyst with Emerging Energy Research,a consulting firm with offices in Cambridge,Massachusetts.

Some parts of western Denmark derive100percent of their peak needs from wind if the breeze is up.Germany and Spain generate more power in absolute terms,but in those countries wind still accounts for a far smaller proportion of the electricity generated.The average for all27European Union countries is3percent.

But the Germans and the Spanish are catching up as Denmark slows down.Of the thousands of megawatts of wind power added last year around the world,only8 megawatts were installed in Denmark.

If higher subsidies had been maintained,he said,Denmark could now be generating close to one-third—rather than one-fifth—of its electricity from windmills.

【英译汉二选一】

【试题一】

ONE DAY in February1926an unknown American writer walked out of a New York snowstorm and into history.An important piece of that history is now in danger of being lost forever,caught in the controversy over the US trade embargo against Cuba.

The unknown writer was Ernest Hemingway,and the New York office he walked into was that of Maxwell Perkins,the most famous American literary editor of his day.

It is difficult to conceive--80years and an incandescent literary career later--the idea of publishing the26-year-old Hemingway was a big risk.Hemingway had not yet published a novel.Indeed,his only published fiction consisted of a few short stories and poems,mostly in obscure Paris literary journals.

Yet Mr.Perkins,as Hemingway was to call him for years afterwards,even after they had become close friends,took the risk.On the spot,he offered Hemingway a deal included a generous$1,500advance on an unfinished,unnamed novel that Perkins had not even seen.

Hemingway and Perkins began a correspondence that lasted for21years,until Perkins's death in1947.A number of those letters are now housed in Cuba,at Finca Vigia,where Hemingway lived longer than anywhere else.

But the house is in danger of collapse.

A group of Americans is trying to save the house and its contents.Yet the US government won't let them.

The Treasury Department recently turned down the Hemingway Preservation Foundation's application for a license to permit its architects,engineers,and consultants to travel to Cuba to research a feasibility study to help the Cubans save Finca Vigia.This denial,which is contrary to the letter and spirit of the law,is being appealed.

【试题2】缺

【汉译英必译题】

从19世纪40年代之后的鸦片战争、甲午战争，至20世纪30年代的日本侵华战争，中国惨遭东西方列强的屠戮和极其野蛮的经济掠夺；再加上封建腐败和连年内乱，中国主权沦丧、生灵涂炭、国力衰弱、民不聊生。深重的灾难、惨痛

的事实使中华民族深知和平之珍贵、发展之重要。这样的历史实践形成了中国人民渴望和平、企求安定的心理，坚定了中国人民走和平发展道路的信念。

1949年新中国成立后，我们在发展道路上艰辛探索，既经历过成功的喜悦，也经受过失败的挫折。从1978年开始，中国开启了新的征程，从计划转向市场，从封闭转向开放，从自成一体转向融入经济全球化，走独立自主地建设中国特色社会主义的道路，取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。实践充分证明，坚持走和平发展的道路是正确的，既符合中国国情，又顺应时代潮流。中国将沿着这条和平发展的道路，坚定不移地走下去。

【汉译英二选一】

【试题一】

1968年我从北京来到陕西，惟一挂念的是在故乡身患绝症的老母亲。母亲的时日已经不多，身边再无亲人，离别成为我心中最沉重的痛。惟一能传递母亲信息的就是那枚小小的邮票。

母亲当时已经双目失明，信是让别人代写的，内容千篇一律的干枯，邮票却是母亲自己摸索着贴上去的，她贴了一叠信封，随用随取，为的是不给别人添麻烦。

每回接到母亲来信，我都要抚摸贴在信封右上角的邮票，那是母亲亲手贴上去的，它贴得规正却无画面感，很多时候是头朝下的，因为母亲根本看不见，她是凭感觉在贴。邮票残留着母亲的手印，承载着母亲的挂念，那上面有母亲的气息。凝视中，我常常泪眼模糊……

邮票是母亲的替代。我对邮票的认识源自于此。

【试题二】

2007年1月28日清晨，一列我国最新CRH高速动车组列车在上海南站首次亮相，标志着中国铁路进入一个全新时代。

新型CRH高速列车最高时速可达250公里，目前运行时速160公里。共有200名乘客见证了列车从上海到杭州的首次运行，其高速、平稳及美妙的乘坐体验给大家留下了深刻印象。该列车的内外装饰都达到了国际统一标准，给乘客优越的旅行体验。此次提速的关键元素在于它的高科技车头，其重量与传统机车头相比减半，大大降低了能耗。

除了新型CRH高速列车人性化的设计外，乘客还能体验到更舒心的服务。春节临近，CRH高速列车的全面运营将有望缓解紧张的铁路运输压力，以便出行更加便捷舒适。

2008年11月二级笔译实务真题

【英译汉必译题】

（选自The Economist）

Mangoes in Africa,as elsewhere,often fall prey to fruit flies,which destroy about40%of the continent's crop.In fact,fruit flies are so common in African mangoes that America has banned their import altogether,to protect its own orchards. African farmers,meanwhile,have few practical means to defend their fruit.Chemical pesticides are expensive.And even for those who can afford them they are not that effective since,by the time a farmer spots an infestation,it is too late to spray.Added to that,spraying tall trees is a much more complicated and unhealthy business than treating low-growing fruit and vegetables.

Agricultural scientists have also looked at controlling fruit flies with parasitic wasps.But the most common ones kill off only about one fly in20,leaving plenty of survivors to go on the rampage.Lethal traps baited with fly-attracting pheromones are another option.But they,too,are expensive.Moreover,all these methods require farmers to detect the presence of fruit flies,and to identify them as the main threat to their crop—no mean feat when most of the action is taking place in dense,leafy canopies ten metres off the ground.Instead,most farmers simply harvest their fruit early,when it is not yet fully ripe.This makes it less vulnerable to the flies,but also less valuable.

Farmers whose trees are teeming with weaver ants,however,do not need to bother with any of this.In a survey of several orchards in Benin,Dr van Mele and his colleagues found an average of less than one fruit-fly pupa in each batch of30 mangoes from trees where weaver ants were abundant,but an average of77pupae in batches from trees without weaver ants.The weaver ants,it turns out,are very thorough about hunting down and eating fruit flies,as well as a host of other pests. The only drawback is the ants'painful bite,which can be avoided by harvesting fruit with poles,rather than climbing trees.

Weaver ants have been used for pest control in China and other Asian countries for centuries.The practice has also been adopted in Australia.But Dr van Mele argues that it is particularly suited to Africa since weaver ants are endemic to the mango-growing regions of the continent,and little training or capital is needed to put them to work.All you need do is locate a suitable nest and run string from it to the trees you wish to protect.The ants will then quickly find their way to the target. Teaching a group of farmers in Burkina Faso to use weaver ants in this way took just a day,according to Dr van Mele.Those farmers no longer use pesticides to control fruit flies,and so are able to market their mangoes as organic to eager European consumers,vastly increasing their income.The ants,so to speak,are on the march.

2015上半年CATTI三级笔译真题及参考答案

2015上半年CATTI三级笔译真题及参考答案——英译汉 Section1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points) Forgenerations, coal has been the lifeblood of this mineral-rich stretch ofeastern Utah. Mining families proudly recall all the years they toiledunderground. Supply companies line the town streets. Above the road that windstoward the mines, a soot-smudged miner peers out from a billboard with theslogan “Coal =Jobs.” 犹他州东部有一个矿产丰富的小镇，那里的人们祖祖辈辈都以采煤为生。一提起在地下辛苦采煤时的情景，每个家庭总是倍感骄傲。街道两旁的煤炭供应公司一个挨着一个。在通往矿井的蜿蜒小路上方的广告牌上，一个满脸炭灰的矿工凝视着远方，旁边的标语写着“煤炭=工作”。 Butrecently, fear has settled in. The state’s oldest coal-fired power plant,tucked among the canyons near town, is set to close, a result of new, stricterfederal pollution regulations. 但是最近，小镇的人们心里充满了恐惧。联邦政府新颁布了一套更为严格的污染管理条例，这使得小镇附近峡谷之中的一家美国最古老的燃煤电厂频临倒闭。 As energy companies tack away from coal, toward cleaner, cheaper natural gas, people here have grown increasingly afraid that their community may soon slip away. Dozens of workers at the facility here, the Carbon Power Plant, have learned that they must retire early or seek other jobs. Local trucking and equipment outfits are preparing to take business elsewhere. 由于能源公司纷纷弃用煤炭，转而使用更清洁、更廉价的天然气，小镇的人们越来越害怕，他们的家园可能很快就会人去楼空。卡本电厂的几十名工人早就意识到，他们要么提前退休，要么另谋职业。当地的货运和装配人员正准备开发外地的业务。

catti二级笔译2008年5月汉译英真题

汉译英： 试题一：必作题（汉译英）（20分） 从19世纪80年代之后的鸦片战争、甲午战争，到庚子之乱乃至20世纪30年代的日本侵华战争，中国惨遭东西方列强的屠戮和极其野蛮的经济掠夺；再加上封建腐败和连年内乱，中国主权沦丧、生灵涂炭、国力衰弱、民不聊生。深重的灾难、惨痛的事实使中华民族深知和平之珍贵、发展之重要。这样的历史实践形成了中国人民渴望和平、企求安定的心理，坚定了中国人民走和平发展道路的信念。 1949年新中国成立后，我们在发展道路上艰辛探索，既经历过成功的喜悦，也经受过失败的挫折。从1978年开始，中国开启了新的征程，从计划转向市场，从封闭转向开放，从自成一体转向融入经济全球化，走独立自主地建设中国特色社会主义的道路，取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。实践充分证明，坚持走和平发展的道路是正确的，既符合中国国情，又顺应时代潮流。中国将沿着这条和平发展的道路，坚定不移地走下去。 试题二：选作题（泽译英）（20分） 1968年我从北京来到陕西，惟一挂念的是在故乡身患绝症的老母亲。母亲的时日已经不多，身边再无亲人，离别成为我心中最沉重的痛。 惟一能传递母亲信息的就是那枚小小的邮票。母亲当时已经双目失明，信是让别人代写的，内容千篇一律的干枯，邮票却是母亲自己摸索着贴上去的，她贴了一叠信封，随用随取，为的是不给别人添麻烦。 每回接到母亲来信，我都要抚摸贴在信封右上角的邮票，那是母亲亲手贴上去的，它贴得规正却无画面感，很多时候是头朝下的，因为母亲根本看不见，她是凭感觉在贴。 邮票残留着母亲的手印，承载着母亲的挂念，那上面有母亲的气息。凝视中，我常常泪眼模糊…… 来自母亲的邮票一张一张地攒着，它们是母亲的替代。我对邮票的认识源自于此。

2019年CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题及参考答案

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(完整版)2018全年CATTI二级笔译试题+解析(完整版)

2018-11 【英译中】【Passage 1】 New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that Hawaii’s Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days. Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes. Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black. After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday,spewing lava 300 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35. 从无人机拍摄到的最新视频中，可以大概了解到近日火山喷发后，夏威夷大岛所遭受的损失情况。火山岩浆在道路上、树林里蔓延，直逼住家，岩浆所到处浓烟滚滚。在一片漆黑中可见多处大火，火光十分刺眼。基拉韦厄火山经过相对平静的一天后，周日又火力全开，将岩浆喷到300英尺高空，又侵蚀了半英里土地，共有35处建筑遭摧毁。 There have been 1,800 residents evacuated from their neighborhoods where cracks have been opening and spilling lava. In evacuated areas with relatively low sulfur dioxide levels, residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday. Officials said those residents – a little more than half of the evacuees — were allowed to return briefly, and they would continue to allow residents in if it could be done safely. 由于地面开裂、岩浆涌出，1800社区居民被疏散。周六周日，在二氧化硫浓度不高的被疏散区域，居民获准回家几个小时收拾家中物品。当地官员称，这些居民——约占被疏散居民总数的半数多些——被准许回家短暂停留，并且在保证安全的前提下，允许其他居民回家。 “Things got pretty active,” an official said at a Saturday press conference. “The eight volcanoes were pretty active, to the point where lava was spewing and the flow started spreading so we got additional damage out there. I’m not sure what the count is, but we thought it was just continuing to go. Fortunately, seismicity has laid down and the volcanoes have gone quiet now.” But officials had cautioned that while the lava flow was quiet, it wouldn’t be for long. “More volcano es could open up, the existing ones could get active again.” There’s a lot of lava under the ground so eventually it’s going to come up.” “这些火山变的很活跃，”一位官员在周六举行的新闻发布会上称，“有八个火山变的很活跃，岩浆喷出后，四处扩散，因此我们那里损失又多了些。我现在还不了解损失总数，但我们认为这个数字仍在不断攀升。庆幸地是，现在地震强度已经减弱，火山也开始平息下来了。”但是官员警告称，虽然岩浆流动慢下来了，

2006年5月英语CATTI三级《笔译实务》真题

2006年5月英语CATTI三级《笔译实务》真题 试题部分： Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) (60 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes. Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle. In Bykovsky, a village of 457 on Russia's northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at a rate of 15 to 18 feet a year. "It is practically all ice - permafrost - and it is thawing." For the four million people who live north of the Arctic Circle, a changing climate presents new opportunities. But it also threatens their environment, their homes and, for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture. A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry. Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit villages at a projected cost of $100 million or more for each one. Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding. In Finnmark, Norway's northernmost province, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them. A changing Arctic is felt there, too. "The reindeer are becoming unhappy," said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder. Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance. And yet no amount of government support can convince Mr. Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman, he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring were melting the top layers of snow, which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat. "The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns," said Mr. Eira, sitting inside his home made of reindeer hides. "They don't mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it." Section 2: Chinese-English Translation(汉译英) (40 points) Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes. 维护世界和平，促进共同发展，谋求合作共赢，是各国人民的共同愿望，也是不可抗拒的当今时代潮流。中国高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，坚持走和平发展道路，与世界各国一道，共同致力于建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。 中国与世界从未像今天这样紧密相连。中国政府把中国人民的根本利益与各国人民的共同利益结合起来，坚持奉行防御性的国防政策。中国的国防服从和服务于国家发展战略和安全战略，旨在维护国家安全统一，确保实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标。中国永远是维护世界和平、安全、稳定的坚定力量。 中国在经济不断发展的基础上推进国防和军队现代化，是适应世界新军事变革发展趋势、维护国家安全和发展利益的需要。中国不会与任何国家进行军备竞赛，不会对任何国家构成军事威胁。新世纪新阶段，中国把科学发展观作为国防和军队建设的重要指导方针，积极推进中国特色军事变革，努力实现国防和军队建设全面协调可持续发展。

CATTI二级笔译综合真题

Section 1 V ocabulary and Grammar (60 points) This section consists of 3 parts. Read the direction for each part before answering the questions. Part 1 V ocabulary Selection In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices marked by letters A, B, C, and D respectively. Choose the word which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 1. From a young age, children begin a continuous process of evaluating themselves in the _____ of the opinions and comments of those around them. a. contrast b. return c. light d. spite 2. If you’re forced outside for hours ____ end, especially doing something physical, consider dumping water over your head or on your neck. a. at b. to c. in d. on 3. One reason for the cost of wave power is the need to make the equipment _____ to storm damage and corrosion. a. impassable b. impertinent c. imperious d. impervious 4. The study found that one in four people has missed an important appointment, and that nearly one in five has fallen ____ with a friend

2012年5月全国翻译资格水平考试CATTI英语三级笔译实务试题

姓名：准考证号： 2012年度上半年全国翻译资格（水平）考试试卷 笔译实务 （英语·三级） 国家人事部中国外文局 二○一二年五月

Section1: English-Chinese Translation（英译汉）（50 points）Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 100 minutes. PALOS DE LA FRONTERA, Spain — Back home in Gambia, Amadou Jallow was, at 22, a lover of reggae who had just finished college and had landed a job teaching science in a high school. But Europe beckoned. In his West African homeland, Mr. Jall ow?s salary was the equivalent of just 50 euros a month, barely enough for the necessities, he said. And everywhere in his neighborhood in Serekunda, Gambia?s largest city, there was talk of easy money to be made in Europe. Now he laughs bitterly about all that talk. He lives in a patch of woods here in southern Spain, just outside the village of Palos de la Frontera, with hundreds of other immigrants. They have built their homes out of plastic sheeting and cardboard, unsure if the water they drink from an open pipe is safe. After six years on the continent, Mr. Jallow is rail thin, and his eyes have a yellow tinge. “We are not bush people,” he said recently as he gathered twigs to start a fire. “You think you are civilized. But this is how we live here. We suffer here.” The political upheaval in Libya and elsewhere in North Africa has opened the way for thousands of new migrants to make their way to Europe across the Mediterranean. Already some 25,000 have reached the island of Lampedusa, Italy, and hundreds more have arrived at Malta. The boats, at first, brought mostly Tunisians. But lately there have been more sub-Saharans. Experts say thousands more — many of whom have been moving around North Africa trying to get to Europe for years, including Somalis, Eritreans, Senegalese and Nigerians — are likely to follow, sure that a better life awaits them. But for Mr. Jallow and for many others who arrived before them, often after days at sea without food or water, Europe has offered hardships they never imagined. These days Mr. Jallow survives on two meals a day, mostly a leaden paste made from flour and oil, which he stirs with a branch. “It keeps the hunger away,” he said. The authorities estimate that there are perhaps 10,000 immigrants living in the woods in the southern Spanish province of Andalusia, a region known for its crops of strawberries, raspberries and blueberries, and there are thousands more migrants in areas that produce olives, oranges and vegetables. Most of them have stories that echo Mr. Jal low?s. From the road, their encampments look like igloos tucked among the trees. Up close, the squalor is clear. Piles of garbage and flies are everywhere. Old clothes, stiff from dirt and rain, hang from branches. “There is everything in there,” said Diego Ca?amero, the leader of the farm workers? union in Andalusia, which tries to advocate for the men. “You have rats and snakes and mice and fleas.” The men in the woods do not call home with the truth, though. They send pictures of themselves posing next to Mercedes cars parked on the street, the kind of pictures that Mr. Jallow says he fell for so many years ago. Now he shakes his head toward his neighbors, who will not talk to reporters. “So many lies,” he said. “It is terrible what they are doing. But they are embarrassed.”

2019年catti笔译二级试题：宜家

英格瓦·坎普拉德可不是一般的亿万富翁。这位宜家家具帝国的创始人乘坐经济舱旅行，开着一辆有十年历史的沃尔沃汽车，总是下午去买水果和蔬菜，因为这时价格往往便宜些。如果有人问他生活中有什么奢侈的消费时，他的回答是：我偶尔喜欢买一件高档衬衫或一条围巾，吃点瑞典鱼子酱。? 坎普拉德先生是战后欧洲最杰出企业家之一。宜家创建于1943，当时仅仅从事邮购业务，现如今已经发展成为在全球31个国家经营，员工总数超过7万的国际化零售业巨头。 宜家的销售额逐年上涨。宜家的产品目录是全世界印数最多的印刷品，每年达到不可思议的1.1亿册。坎普拉德先生也变得异常富有。根据美国《福布斯》杂志，他的身价达到134亿美元(87亿英镑)，位列全球第17位。 宜家之所以取得了令人惊异的成功，首先是因为它那简单得令人难以置信的经营理念：向老百姓提供设计精美而又买得起的家具。其次就是坎普拉德本人，有魅力、谦逊、随和。他的思想和价值观绝对是宜家哲学的核心。 坎普拉德先生因生活极其节俭而闻名遐迩。他清洗用过的塑料杯以便再次利用。前不久，他决定不再让那位已经为他理发多年的瑞典理发师继续为他提供服务，原因是在现居地瑞士他找到一位理发师，每次只收14瑞士法郎(6英镑)。?这数字合理，?他笑着说。 宜家所有的高管都十分了解成本意识的重要性。公司不鼓励他们乘坐头等舱或商务舱旅行。?最好的领导方式是以身作则?，坎普拉德先生说过，?让我坐头等舱，而让我的同事们坐旅游舱，是我绝对不能接受的。?

他巡视宜家集团的店铺时，他总是要和员工们握手或拥抱，以此向员工传递一种?伙伴?的感觉，这种做法在瑞典绝不多见。?叫我英格瓦，?他对员工说。他不喜欢打领带，而是喜欢敞开衬衫的领口，这样的衣着方式也突显了他的不拘礼节和没有等级观念。 在个人生活方面和事业方面坎普拉德先生都经历过艰苦的奋斗过程。他一直与读写困难症和其他疾病抗争。 他性格中很突出的一点就是对细节的偏执性关注。巡视他的商店时，他不仅和经理们交谈，还要和最基层的员工以及顾客们交谈。在最近一次视察宜家的六家瑞典门店时，他说，?发现了100个需要讨论的细节性问题。? 在他自己看来，他最大的优点就是选择正确的人员来管理他的企业。 他下定决心不让宜家集团上市，因为股东的短期要求和企业长期的规划会有冲突。?我讨厌急功近利的决策。如果你想实施长效的决策，上市后就很难了。进入俄罗斯市场时，我们就曾不得不决定要亏损十年。? 自1986年从集团总裁位置上退下来以后，坎普拉德先生就慢慢地从业务中淡出。尽管他承认自己非常不愿意完全退出，但他仍然坚持说自己是?参与过多，过问的细节太多。?问题是：假如没有坎普拉德先生，宜家能否恒久存在?宜家是否太过于依赖其创始人?宜家控制权渐渐从坎普拉德先生转移到他的三个儿子手中以后，宜家帝国能否继续辉煌? 【参考译文】

2013年CATTI三级笔译实务真题

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉)(50 points) 文章来源：The New York Times The Money Ran Out; Then the Villagers Stepped In HIGUERA DE LA SERENA, Spain —It didn’t take long for Manuel Garc ía Murillo, a bricklayer who took over as mayor here last June, to realize that his town was in trouble. It was 800,000 euros, a little more than $1 million, in the red. There was no cash on hand to pay for anything —and there was work that needed to be done. But then an amazing thing happened, he said. Just as the health department was about to close down the day care center because it didn’t have a proper kitchen, Bernardo Benítez, a construction worker, offered to put up the walls and the tiles free. Then, Maria José Carmona, an adult education teacher, stepped in to clean the place up. And somehow, the volunteers just kept coming. Every Sunday now, the residents of this town in southwest Spain —young and old —do what needs to be done, whether it is cleaning the streets, raking the leaves, unclogging culverts or planting trees in the park. “It was an initiative from them,”said Mr. García. “Day to day we talked to people and we told them there was no money. Of course, they could see it. The grass in between the sidewalks was up to my thigh. “

CATTI三级笔译综合能力真题和答案及解析

CATTI三级笔译综合能力考试试题及答案解析(一) 一、Vocabulary Selection（本大题15小题．每题分，共分。In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are four words or phrases respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only one right answer. ） 第1题 Since writing home to their parents for money, they had lived ________hope. A in B for C on D through 【正确答案】：A 【本题分数】：分 【答案解析】 固定搭配。live in hope生活在希望中；live for为……而生活，盼望；live on 继续生活，以……为主食，靠……生活；live through度过，经受过；根据句意应填A。 第2题

________get older, the games they play become increasingly complex. A Children B Children, when they C As children D For children to 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：分 【答案解析】 语法应用。本句逗号前是状语从句，空白处应填连词；主句主语是the games，因此选项A、B、D均不对；只有as“随着”符合句意，所以C为答案。 第3题 Martin has created enough memorable ________to make it easy to forgive his lows. A youngsters B nobles C highs D miserables 【正确答案】：C 【本题分数】：分