2019年高考英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists分层演练直击高考新人教版必修5

Unit 1 Great scientists

Ⅰ阅读理解

A

(2018·湖北武汉调研测试)

Elon Musk was born in South Africa, in 1971. A crazy fan of computers, by the age of twelve, Musk had written the code(代码) for his own video game, which he sold for a profit.

He attended Queen’s University in Canada, and transferred(转到) to the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned two bachelo r’s degrees, economics and physics. He was admitted to Stanford University in California, intending to earn a PhD in energy physics.

First Company—Zip2 Corporation

In 1995, at the age of 24, Musk dropped out of Stanford University after just two days of classes to start his first company Zip2 Corporation. It was an online city guide that provided content for the new online versions of The New York Times and the Chicago Tribune newspapers. In 1999, Musk got $ 22 million from the sale of Zip2.

Online Banking

In 1999, Elon Musk started X．com with $ 10 million dollars from the sale of Zip2. X. com was an online bank, and he was credited with inventing a method of securely transferring money using a rec eiver’s e-mail address.

PayPal

In 2000, X. com bought a company called Confinity, which had started an Internet money-transfer process called PayPal. Elon Musk dropped the online banking focus to concentrate on becoming a global payment transfer provider. In 2002, eBay bought PayPal for $ 1.5 billion.

Space Exploration Technologies

In 2002, Elon Musk started SpaceX. He is a long-standing member of the Mars Society, a non-profit organization that supports the exploration of Mars, and Musk is interested in building a greenhouse on Mars. SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musk’s project.

Tesla Motors

In 2004, Elon Musk cofounded Tesla Motors, of which he is the only product architect. Tesla Motors builds electric vehicles. The company has built an electric sports car, the Tesla Roadster.

SolarCity

In 2006, Elon Musk cofounded SolarCity, a photovoltaic(光电的) products and

services company with his cousin Lyndon Rive.

【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了埃隆·马斯克的人生经历和伟大成就。

1．What was Elon Musk gifted in when he was young?

A．Economics. B．Physics.

C．Energy. D．Coding.

D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知，Musk是一位疯狂的电脑迷，十二岁时他就为自己的视频游戏写代码并获利了；据此可知，他小时候就有写代码的天赋，故D 项正确。

2．Which of the following provides international payment transfer service?

A．https://www.wendangku.net/doc/374861959.html,. B．Confinity.

C．PayPal. D．eBay.

C解析：细节理解题。根据PayPal部分，尤其是该部分的第二句可知，PayPal提供国际转账支付服务，故C项正确。

3．What has SpaceX been doing to help achieve Musk’s project?

A．Sponsoring the Mars Society.

B．Developing rocket technologies.

C．Building a greenhouse on Mars.

D．Supporting the exploration of Mars.

B解析：细节理解题。根据Space Exploration Technologies部分的“SpaceX has been developing rocket technologies to enable Musk’s project.”可知，SpaceX一直在研究开发火箭技术，帮助Musk实现他的项目(目标)，故B项正确。

4．What is Tesla Motors noted for?

A．Its electric vehicles.

B．Its photovoltaic products.

C．Its service as a city tourist guide.

D．Its business with other companies.

A解析：细节理解题。根据Tesla Motors部分，尤其是该部分的第二句可知，Tesla Motors是生产电动汽车的公司，故A项正确。

B

(2018·东北三校模拟)We were ordinary people taking the bus every day that summer.During the early morning rides，we sat sleepily on our seats.One of the passengers was a small grey man to the center for senior citizens.He walked with a stoop(驼背) and a sad look on his face.We paid little attention to him.

Then one July morning he said good morning to the driver and smiled to us before sitting down.The driver nodded politely，the rest of us being silent.The next day，the old man boarded the bus energetically，smiled and said loud，“Good morning！”Some of us looked up，amazed，and murmured“Good morning”．The following weeks we were more surprised.Our friend was dressed in a nice old suit with the thin hair carefully combed.He said good morning to us every day and we gradually began to nod and talk to each other.One morning he had a bunch of wild flowers in his hand.The driver smilingly asked，“Have you got yourself a girlfriend？”He nodded shyly，“She lives at the center.”The other passengers whistled and clapped at him.Charlie bowed before sitting down.

Every morning after that Charlie always brought a flower.Some regular passengers

began bringing him flowers for his bunch.Everyone smiled and joked about it.

But one morning he didn’t turn up.When he wasn’t there the following days，we started wondering if he was sick or...We stopped at the center for senior citizens.The staff told us he was fine，but he hadn’t been coming that week.One of his very close friends had died at the weekend.They expected him back on Monday.How silent we were on the rest of the way to work!

The next Monday he was waiting at the stop，stooping a bit more and a bit more grey.Inside the bus was a silence，all of us sitting with our eyes filled with tears and wild flowers in our hands.

【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。原本寂静的车厢因一位老人友爱、热情的举动变得活跃起来，热情是可以感染他人的。在老人情绪低落时，也收到了来自他人的关爱。

5．The old man boarded the bus energetically probably because ．

A．he bought a bunch of flowers

B．he got to know other passengers

C．he fell in love with a lady

D．he had a sweet dream

C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第三、四句并结合第一段内容可推知，这个老人之所以这么精力充沛可能是因为他恋爱了。故选C项。

6．What change did the old man bring to the early morning bus?

A．The passengers were silent.

B．The bus was full of life.

C．The passengers were sleepy.

D．The bus was punctual.

B解析：推理判断题。根据文中的“we sat sleepily on our seats”“the rest of us being silent”“Some of us looked u p，amazed，and murmured‘G ood morning’”．“we gradually began to nod and talk to each other”并结合第三段内容可知，老人的行为感染了车上的每一个人，让车里充满活力。故选B项。

7．Why didn’t the old man turn up for several days?

A．He was in sorrow for the loss of his friend.

B．He wondered whether others cared about him.

C．He had a quarrel with the staff of the center.

D．He wasn’t himself for the cold weather.

A解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第四、五句并结合上文的描述可推知，是因为老人的朋友去世了，他非常悲伤，所以老人这几天没有乘车去老年中心。故选A项。

8．What can we infer from the story?

A．Only love can affect others’ emotio ns.

B．The old man’s passion inspires others.

C．The passengers didn’t care about others’ feelings.

D．The center for senior citizens is a good place for love.

B解析：推理判断题。原本冷漠、疏离的乘客因一位老人友爱、充满热情的举动，让车厢不再寂静，乘客们开始相互交流、开玩笑；由此可推知，老人的热情鼓舞了他人。故B 项正确。

Ⅲ完形填空

(2018·河北石家庄高三复习教学质量检测)When my sister Diane began playing the

violin, she was seven. How did she sound? Terrible. But she didn’t 1 . At twelve, she asked our parents if she could 2 a fulltime music school. They said no. Actually, everyone agreed that my sister 3 talent.

I was better at my 4 . My teacher had told my parents that I had great 5 . So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area to 6 me. But the only time he was 7 was Saturday afternoons at 3 p．m. Back then, I was 8 about the British TV show The Avengers, which was 9 every Saturday at 3 p．m. I let nothing take up my The Avengers hour. So I 10 this amazing opportunity.Today, I don’t even have a 11 in my house.

My sister became an engineer, but she 12 stopped making music. When she was in her 40s, she switched her 13 . She went back to college，got a(n) 14 in music education，and became a music teacher. She starts kids off on their first instrument and gives them all the encouragement and support she never 15 ．Recently, she and a pianist pal put on a recital. A big crowd of friends and family 16 for her. As she played, I looked around at the 17 . Everyone was 18 enjoying the music. It occurred to me that I was the only person that remembered that 7-year-ol d kid making those perfectly 19 sounds and knew how far she had come, despite 20 ．

Talent is important. But enthusiasm is even more important.

【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，通过讲述妹妹追求梦想的经历告诉我们：天赋很重要，但更重要的是热情。

1．A.advance B．quit

C．reflect D．listen

B解析：根据上文的“H ow did she sound？Terrible.”可知，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了；结合本句的“But”表示的转折意义可知，但她没有放弃(quit)。

2．A.inspect B．open

C．attend D．visit

C解析：根据上文可知，尽管妹妹的小提琴演奏得很糟糕，但是她仍不愿放弃；据此可以判断，本句句意为：在十二岁时，她问父母她是否可以去全日制的音乐学校上学。attend school为固定搭配，意为“上学”。

3．https://www.wendangku.net/doc/374861959.html,cked B．spotted

C．possessed D．admired

A解析：根据上文的“They said no.”和父母没有答应让她去全日制音乐学校学习可以判断，每个人都认为“我”的妹妹缺乏(lacked)天赋，故A项正确。

4．A.major B．project

C．composition D．instrument

D解析：根据本段第三句的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可知，“我”的父母为“我”找了当地最好的钢琴老师教“我”学钢琴；据此可以判断，与妹妹相比，“我”更擅长“我”的乐器。

5．A.patience B．enthusiasm

C．potential D．ambition

C解析：根据下文的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可知，“我”的父母为“我”找了当地最好的钢琴老师来教“我”学钢琴；据此可以判断，老师告诉父母说“我”很有潜能(potential)。A项意为“耐心”，B项意为“热情”，D项

意为“抱负”，都与语境不符。

6．A.train B．examine

C．correct D．challenge

A解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“培训，教育”；B项意为“检查”；C项意为“改正”；D项意为“挑战”。

7．A.punctual B．skillful

C．occupied D．available

D解析：根据语境可知，钢琴老师只有每周六下午三点有空。D项意为“有空的”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“准时的”，B项意为“技术好的”，C项意为“使用中”，都与语境不符。

8．A.sensitive B．crazy

C．serious D．particular

B解析：根据本句中的“about the British TV show”可判断，“我”热衷于一档英国电视节目。be crazy about为固定搭配，意为“热衷于”，故B项正确。A项意为“敏感的”，C项意为“严肃的”，D项意为“特别的，挑剔”，都与语境不符。

9．A.filmed B．designed

C．aired D．commented

C解析：根据该句中的“every Saturday at 3 p．m.”可知，这档英国电视节目在每周六的下午三点播放。air在本句中意为“播出，播送”，属于熟词生义，故C项正确。A 项意为“拍电影”，B项意为“设计”，D项意为“评论”。

10．A.jumped at B．turned down

C．waited for D．opened up

B解析：根据前一句可知，“我”不让任何事情占用“我”看这档节目的时间，据此可以判断，“我”拒绝了这一机会。B项意为“拒绝”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“迫不及待地接受”，C项意为“等待，等候”，D项意为“打开”，都与语境不符。

11．A.tutor B．violin

C．musician D．piano

D解析：根据本段的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可以判断，由于“我”拒绝了学钢琴，所以现在家里甚至一台钢琴也没有，故D项正确。

12．A.never B．once

C．already D．even

A解析：根据空后两句可知，“我”妹妹在四十几岁时上大学学习音乐；据此可知，尽管“我”妹妹成了一名工程师，但是她从未(never)停止对音乐的追求，故A项正确。

13．A.attitude B．career

C．plan D．position

B解析：根据下文的“and became a music teacher”可知，在她四十几岁时，她改变了职业(career)，从工程师成为一名音乐老师，故B项正确。A项意为“态度”，C项意为“计划”，D项意为“地位”，都与语境不符。

14．A.scholarship B．sponsor

C．degree D．assistant

C解析：根据句中的“She went back to college”和“and became a music teacher”可知，她重返大学学习音乐，并取得了音乐教育的学位(degree)，成了一名音乐老师。A项意为“奖学金”，B项意为“赞助人”，D项意为“助手”，都与语境不符。

15．A.provided B．imagined

C．received D．expected

C解析：根据上文可知，“我”的父母认为妹妹没有音乐天赋，拒绝了妹妹上全日制音乐学校的请求，据此可以判断，妹妹做音乐老师时，给了孩子们她未曾得到(received)的鼓励和支持。A项意为“提供”，B项意为“想象”，D项意为“期望”，都与语境不符。

16．A.voted B．feared

C．stayed up D．turned up

D解析：根据上文的“put on a recital”可知，妹妹和一位钢琴家举办了一场演奏会；据此可以判断，朋友和家人们都到场了。A项意为“投票”，B项意为“担心，害怕”，C项意为“熬夜”，D项意为“到达，露面”。

17．A.students B．audience

C．spotlights D．platform

B解析：根据下文的“enjoying the music”可知，所有人都在欣赏妹妹演奏的音乐；据此可知，“我”环顾了四周的观众(audience)，故B项正确。A项意为“学生”，C项意为“聚光灯”，D项意为“平台，讲台”。

18．A.obviously B．desperately

C．appropriately D．anxiously

A解析：根据本句中的“enjoying the music”可知，很显然(obviously)，所有人都在欣赏妹妹演奏的音乐。B项意为“极其”，C项意为“恰当地”，D项意为“着急地”，都与语境不符。

19．A.booming B．pleasing

C．awful D．powerful

C解析：根据上文的“How did she so und？Terrible.”可知，七岁时，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了(awful)，故C项正确。A项意为“迅速发展的”，B项意为“令人愉快的”，D项意为“有力量的”，都与语境不符。

20．A.everything B．something

C．everybody D．somebody

A解析：根据本句中的“and knew how far she had come，despite”并结合上文可知，“我”想起了妹妹七岁时演奏小提琴的糟糕的声音，只有“我”知道她不顾一切(everything)走了多远。