邮政通信管理专业英语
函授站专业学号姓名
邮电高等函?授2011学?年第一学 ?
2011?邮政通信 ?理市场营销会计金融 理物流 理专?业《英语（一）》课程阶段 ?业
答题纸（各题答案 ?须写在本答?题纸上，否则无效）
I. Tran l ate the follo?wing phra e s into Chine?s e: （10%）
1._____?_____?_____?_____?_____?
2.____________________
3._____?_____?_____?_____?_____?
4._____?_____?_____?_____?_____?
5._____?_____?_____?_____?_____?
6._____?_____?_____?_____?_____?
7.____________________8.____________________
9.____________________10.____________________
II. Tran l ate the follo?wing phra e s into Engli?s h: （10%）
11.____________________12._____?_____?_____?_____?_____?
13.____________________14._____?_____?_____?_____?_____?
15.____________________16._____?_____?_____?_____?_____?
17.____________________18._____?_____?_____?_____?_____?
19.____________________20._____?_____?_____?_____?_____?
III. Mult p le Choi e:（20%）(请将所选答?案的序号写?在对应的 ?线上) 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
IV. Read n g Comp e hen i on:（20%）
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
V. Tran l ate the follo?wing sente?n ces into Engli?s h: (20%)
51._________________________________________
52.____________________________ ______________
53.__________________________ _______________
54.__________ ________________________________
55.____________ ______________________________ VI. Tran l ate the follo?wing parag?r aphs? into Chine?s e: (20%)
56.
57.
函授站专业学号姓名
邮电高等函?授2011学?年第一学 ?
2011?邮政通信 ?理市场营销会计金融 理物流 理专?业
《英语（一）》课程阶段 ?业
I. Trans?l ate the foll w ing phras?e s into Chine?s e: (10%)
1. mail coach?
2. to deliv?e r lette?r s
3. an adver?t isin?g mediu?m
4. pote t ial cust m ers
5. Penny?Black?
6. savin?g s accou?n t
7. the first? name
8. to be depen?dant on
9. a long queue?
10. zip code
II. Tran l ate the follo?wing phra e s into Engli?s h: （10%）
11.买邮票
12.邮政服务
13.填单子
14.在运输途 ?
15.姓氏
16.对…感兴趣
17.争创优质服?务
18.保价包裹
19. 国传统 ?画
20.汇票
III. Mult p le Choi e:（20%）
21. Ther has not been a grea resp n se to the sale, .
A. does ther
B. hasn't it
C. has ther
D. hasn't ther
22. They alwa s give the vaca c y to come firs.
A. who
B. whom
C. whoe e r
D. whom v er
23. Ther is a parc l wait n g ____you.
A. for
B. on
C. with
D. in
24. With u t the cust m ers, we ________ have to clos our door.
A. will
B. woul
C. must
D. coul
25. Don't take more than you can cope with.
A. out
B. to
C. on
D. off
26. It was simp y for that reas n I woul n't tell him the trut.
A. why
B. that
C. whic
D. so
27. I pref r to live in the coun r y rath r than in a city.
A. to live
B. livi g
C. live
D. live
28. Cust m er: Than you!
Cler: ____________
A. You are welc m e.
B. Neve mind.
C. It does’t matt r.
D. That’s all righ.
29. Cler: ___________
Cust m er: Yes. I’d like to send this to the Neth r lan s.
A. Hi! What can I do for you?
B. Good morn n g! What do you want?
C. Morn n g! How can I help you?
D. Good afte n oon! Can I help you?
30. Cler: ____________
Cust m er: Yes, than you. Bye-bye.
A. Anyt i ng else?
B. That’s all.
C. Is that all?
D. Anyt i ng I can do for you?
31. A: What’s your addr s s?
B: ____________
A. P. R. Chin
B. Tiyu St. 318
Hebe, Shij a zhu n g, 05001Hebe, Shij a zhu n g, 05001
Tiyu St. 318 P. R. Chin
C. 318, Tiyu St.
D. 318, Tiyu St.
Hebe, Shij a zhu n g, 05001Shij a zhu n g, Hebe05001
P. R. Chin P. R. Chin
32. Rura Free Deli e ry is also know____RFD.
A. for
B. on
C. as
D. with
33. He____ a savi g s acco n t in the bank.
A. depo i ted
B. open d
C. made
D. got
34. Ther were then more than 200 chil r en musi in the scho l.
A. to stud
B. stud i ng
C. stud
D. stud e d
35. Our coun r y is gett n g .
A. stro g and stro g er
B. stro g er and stro g
C. stro g er and stro g er
D. stro g and stro g
36. John want____________.
A. two cups of teas
B. two cup of tea
C. two cup of teas
D. two cups of tea
37. Plea e show me ____you have writ e n.
A. that
B. whic
C. as
D. what
38. If I you, I woul not do it.
A. was
B. am
C. were
D. be
39. He is the only one of the stud n ts who fini h ed the task in time.
A. have
B. has
C. is
D. are
40. He was prai e d for such a cont i but o n to the coun r y.
A. make
B. to make
C. to maki g
D. havi g made
IV. Read n g Comp e hen i on:（20%）
Pass g e 1
Pers n nel is the most impo t ant fact r in the hote and cate i ng busi e ss. The qual t y of the prod c t is larg l y defi e d by the qual t y of the pers n nel. It is one of the impo t ant mana e men task to empl y peop e in such a way that the goal of the comp n y are reac e d opti a lly. On the one hand this mean that a lot of atte t ion has to be paid to the acqu s iti n of go pers n nel (pers n nel mana e men) and on the othe hand that the way the empl y ees are stim l ate to work (the styl of mana e men) has to be a cons i ous choi e. To be a good mana e r one has to know to moti a te empl y ees, in othe word:whic need and aims do the empl y ees have. Peop e work to meet thei phys c al and psyc o log c al need and avoi matt r s that frus r ate thei need.For one empl y ee this mean earn n g a lot of mone,for anot e r man cont a cts with peop e or vari d work. Ever empl y ee will show the cond c t with whic he can reac his aim and sati f y his need. When some o dy star s to work in a comp n y the firs thin he is inte e ste in is the comp n y and his posi i on in it as far as it help him to reac his own aims. To invo v e peop e in the comp n y, the comp n y plan and the comp n y aims, the mang r has to show them the link betw e n reac i ng thei own aim and aspi i ng to the comp n y’s aim.
41. What do you thin is the key elem n t in the hote busi e ss?
A. The hote loca i on.
B. The hote area.
C. The hote pers n nel.
D. The hote work.
42. The most impo t ant task of the hote mana e men is __________.
A. to mana e well the empl y ees to real z e the comp n y’s goal
B. to mana e well the capi a l
C. to mana e well the esta l ish e nt
D. to mana e well the gues s
43. Moti a tio mean__________.
A. givi g more mone to the staf
B. prov d ing a good envi o nme t
C. lear i ng and sati f yin the desi e s of the staf
D. send n g the staf to play or trav l
44. What does a new staf care when he begi s his work?
A. His sala y.
B. His work n g posi i ons.
C. His job posi i ons.
D. His comp n y and his posi i ons.
45. How to be a good mana e r?
A. To be good at crit c izi g his staf.
B. To be good at plea i ng his staf.
C. To be good at moti a tin his staf.
D. To be good at help n g his staf.
Pass g e 2
The dema d for good and serv c es thro g h dire t mail has been grow n g over rece t year. Howe e r, the medi m is not new. In fact, dire t mail has been used for ages. In the 16th cent r y some kind of mail orde alre d y exis e d. Trad r s made thei cust m ers offe s by mail. In the 19th cent r y the grea mail orde comp n ies in the Unit d Stat s of Amer c a star e d thei acti i tie by send n g cata o gue to pote t ial buye s. In the begi n ing, buye s were the majo grou s of the acti i tie but soon comp n ies were also draw into the busi e ss. The deve o pme t caus d a vari t y of dire t mail.
Dire t mail has seve a l form. They are sale lett r s, orde form, card, broc u res, cata o gue, pric list, prod c t spec f ica i ons, comp n y maga i nes and samp e s, etc.
Dire t mail is a good tool for dire t sale. It give dire t info m ati n and resp n se. Thro g h it we can find curr n t cust m ers and pote t ial ones.
46. The dire t mail is a kind of ________.
A. new medi m
B. old mediu?m
C. speci?a l mediu?m
D. poten?t ial mediu?m
47. Trade?r s _____?___ by mail.
A. send the offer?s to their?custo?mers
B. let the cust m ers send thei offe s to them
C. send the info m ati n to thei cust m ers
D. let the cust m ers send thei info m ati n to them
48. In the 19th cent r y, many comp n ies in the Unit d Stat s ________.
A. sent cata o gue to thei cust m ers
B. star e d thei acti i tie by send n g cata o gue
C. sent cata o gue to star thei acti i tie
D. sent cata o gue to pote t ial cust m ers to star thei acti i tie
49. Te stat m ent “… soon comp n ies were also draw into the busi e ss.” mean:
A. … soon many comp n ies also star e d to send dire t mail.
B. … soon many comp n ies also star e d to send mail orde.
C. … soon many comp n ies also star e d to use mail orde serv c e.
D. … soon many comp n ies also star e d to send cata o gue.
50. Dire t mail has the form of _______.
A. sale lett r s, card, comp n y maga i nes, samp e s, etc.
B. orde form, broc u res, cata o gue, samp e s, flye s, etc.
C. sale lett r s, orde form, broc u res, news a per, pric list, etc.
D. sale lette?r s, order?s,cards?, price? lists?, produ?ct speci?f icat?i ons, etc.
V. Tran l ate the follo?wing sente?n ces into Engli?s h: (20%)
51. 这张明信 ?比那张好。
52. 你能帮我学?英语吗？
53.广告邮件一种廉价广告媒体。
54. 请填上您的?姓名和住 ?。
55. 你去过上吗？
VI. Tran l ate the follo?wing parag?r aphs? into Chine?s e: (20%) 56. A cust m er is part of our busi e ss --- not an outs d er. A cust m er is not just mone in the cash regi t er. He is a huma bein with feel n gs and dese v es to be trea e d with resp c t. He pays our sala y. With u t him we woul have to clos our door. Don't ever forg t it.
57. Food like and disl k es vary from cult r e to cult r e. It can be a sour e of inte s ive pers n al prej d ice. Cana i ans are gene a lly cons d ere to be cons r vat v e in thei food tast but, beca s e of the many diff r ent ethn c(民族的)grou s in Cana a, they have also lear e d to appr c iat many diff r ent kind of cook n g styl. Actu l ly, the abil t y to enjo diff r ent kind of food is high y rega d ed in Cana a.
信息管理与信息系统专业英语词汇总结
Lesson1 distributed applications 分布式应用程序 competitive advantage 竞争优势 data warehouses 数据仓库 incompatible databases 不兼容数据库 decision support systems决策支持系统 executive information systems 执行信息系统 DBMS —— database management systems 数据库管理系统 entry 款 目 metadata 元数据 mainframe computer 大型计算机 desktop computer台式计算机 laptop computer 膝上型计算机 spreadsheet 电子表格 LAN ------local area network 局域网 database server 数据库服务器 user views 用户视图 data security 数据安全性 data integrity 数据完整性 concurrent user 并发用户 data updating 数据更新 data redundancy 数据冗余 consistency of data and metadata 数据和元数据的一致性 distributed database 分布式数据库 telecommunications network 远程通讯网 Lesson2 automatic indexing 自动标引 human indexing 人工标引 extraction indexing 抽词标引 assignment indexing 赋词标引 controlled vocabulary受控词表 non-substantive words 非实意词 index terms 标引词 automatic stemming 自动抽取词干 weight 权值 clue words 提示词 inverted file 倒排文档 absolute frequency 绝对词频 relative frequency 相对词频 information retrieval 信息检索 syntactic criteria 句法规则 word string 词串 NLDB —— Natural Language DataBase 自然语言数据库 MAI—— machine-aided indexing 机器辅助标引 1
(完整word版)工程管理专业英语徐勇戈课-第二版-后答案
专业英语 Unit1 第一题1.设计/施工过程Design and construction process 2.房地产开发商Real estate developer 3.投机性住宅市场Speculative housing market 4.项目管理Project management 5.项目全寿命期Project life cycle 6.项目范围Scope of a project/project scope 7.专业化服务Professional services 8.重大基础项目建设Construction of major infrastructure projects 9.住宅类房屋建设Residential housing construction 10.办公和商业用房建设office and commercial building construction 11.专业化工业项目建设Specialized industrial projects construction 12.专业咨询师Professional consultants 13.总承包商Original contractor 14.价值工程value engineering 15.竞争性招标Competitive bidding 16.建筑和工程设计公司Architectural and engineering design company 17.运营与维护管理operation and maintenance 18.设计/施工公司design and construction company 19.分包商subcontractor 20.设施管理facility management 第一章 1、从项目管理的角度看，“业主”和“发起方”是同义的，因为两者的基本权力是制定所有重大决策。 2、项目范围界定后，详细的工程设计将提供建设蓝图，最终费用估计将作为控制成本的基准。 3、此外，业主可用内部能力处理整个过程中每一个阶段的工作，或者它可能会在各个阶段寻求专业意见及服务。 4、业主可以根据项目的规模和性质选择把整个过程或多或少的分解到各个阶段上，从而获得在实施中最有效的结果。 5、所有的组织方法各有利弊，这取决于在施工管理中的业主的知识以及项目的类型，规模和位置。 6、各类建筑的规划、采购的专业服务、建筑合同的制定、以及建筑设施融资的方法都可以完全不同。 7、. 专门的工业建筑，通常涉及技术复杂程度高，如炼油厂，钢铁厂，化学处理厂和燃煤或核电厂等的大型项目，如图1-4所示。 8、传统上，在初步设计开发阶段，业主作为技术顾问从事于建筑和工程（A / E）的公司或集团。 9、通过集成到一个单一的组织设计和施工管理，设计者和建筑者之间的许多冲突是可以避免的。 10、近年来，建设项目从成立到完成，新的施工管理人员（CM）的提供专业服务。 11、因此，业主必须明白自己的责任，也希望把过程中的风险分配给自己和其他参与者。 12、除非业主或专业的施工经理执行此功能，一个良好的总承包商会与他的团队合作，专业的承包商或分包商作过的项目数量在过去可以最有效的鼓励人的忠诚与合作。 13、例如，在纽约，专业承包商，如机械和电气承包商，不受建设项目总承包商的监督，公共项目初期必须签订独立合约。 14、主要原料供应商，包括钢结构制造和架设，金属板材，预拌混凝土输送，钢筋详图，屋面，玻璃等专业承包商。 第二章
信息管理专业英语第二版参考答案
Unit 1 【Ex1、】根据课文内容,回答以下问题。 1.In human terms and in the broadest sense, information is anything that you are capable of perceiving、 2.It includes written communications, spoken communications, photographs, art, music, and nearly anything that is perceptible、 3.If we consider information in the sense of all stimuli as information, then we can’t really find organization in all cases、 4.No、 5.Traditionally, in libraries, information was contained in books, periodicals, newspapers, and other types of recorded media、People access it through a library’s catalog and with the assistance of indexes, in the case of periodical and newspaper articles、 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/329304254.html,puterized “information systems”、 7.The problem for most researchers is that they have yet to discover the organizing principles that are designed to help them find the information they need、 8.For library materials, the organizing principle is a detailed subject classification system available for searching in an online “catalog”、 9.The one thing common to all of these access systems is organization、 10.No, it isn’t、 【Ex2、】根据给出的汉语词义与规定的词类写出相应的英语单词。每词的首字母已给出。 n.取回,恢复,修补;检索retrieval n.机械装置,机构,机制mechanism adj.特有的,表示特性的,典型的characteristic n.分类,分级classification n.风格,方式,样式,习惯manner n.文件,公文document vt.解释,说明Interpret vt.使自动化,自动操作automate n.分类assortment n.法则,原则,原理principle n.排列,安排arrangement n.&vt.访问,存取access n.浏览器;浏览书本的人browser n.目录catalog n.索引index n.材料,原料,物资,素材material
信息管理专业英语 unit1-12 单词以及句子翻译
专业英语 一、专业术语 RFID射频识别IOT物联网Cloud Computing云计算ANN神经网络BI商业智能E-business /Web-business / e-commerce电子商务KM知识管理GIS地理信息系统PDA掌上电脑Bluetooth蓝牙技术CAD计算机辅助设计CMD计算机辅助制作branch manager部门经理binary format二进制格式USB（Universal Serial Bus）通用串行总线computer case计算机机箱 temporary storage of information临时存储信息floppy disk软盘CD-ROM只读光盘textual源代码video card视频卡，显卡sound card音频卡，声卡 DVD数字化视频光盘SISP战略信息系统计划Project Management项目管理Human Resources人力资源End-User Systems Development最终用户系统开发rolling business plans流动业务计划MIS(management information system)管理信息系统DB（database）数据库DBMS（database Management system）数据库管理系统DSS（decision support system）决策支持系统operational manager运营经理Senior manager 高级经理semi-structured decision半结构化决策 ANS（Advanced Network&Service）高级网络及服务公司 TPS（Transaction Processing systems）事务管理系统 KWS（Knowledge Work Systems）只是工作系统GRASP绘制机器人技术应用软件包OAS（Office Automation Systems）办公自动化系统 ESS（Executive Support Systems）经理支持系统 EIS（Executive Information Systems）经理信息系统 OLAP（on-line analytical processing）联机分析处理 GIS（Group Information Systems）集群信息系统 GDSS（Group Decision Support Systems）集群决策支持系统 MIT（Management Information technology）管理信息技术 RAD（rapid application development）快速应用开发 Two-way communications 双工通讯client-server environment 客户服务环境Data warehouse 数据仓库logistics information systems 物流信息系统 ERP（Enterprise resource planning）企业资源规划 CRM（customer relationship Management）客户关系管理 OOD（Object-Oriented design）面向对象设计 OOP（Object0Oriented Programming）面向对象编程 HLLs（High Level Languages）高级语言ADTs（Abstract Data Types）抽象数据类型Software Ics软件的组成单元machine code机器码op-code输出码 EDI（Electronic Data interchange）电子数据交换 SMEs（small and medium sized enterprises）中小企业 B2B企业对企业电子商务B2C企业对用户电子商务 CERT(Character Error Rate Tester)字符出错率测试器 CIAS（Communication Link Analyzer System）通信链路分析系统 IMS（Information Management System）管理信息系统 NDMS（Netware Data Management System）网络数据管理系统
通信与信息工程英语教程翻译
A business survives and thrives on information: information within the organization and information changed with suppliers, customers,and regulators. Moreover, the information needs to be consistent, accessible, and at the right location. We consider information in four forms-voice, data, image, and video-and the implications of distributed requirements. The term voice communications refers primarily to telephone related communications. By far the most common form of communication in any organization and for most personnel is direct telephone conversation. The telephone has been a basic tool of business for decades. Telephone communications has recently been enhanced by a variety of computer-based services, including voice mail and computerized telephone exchange systems. V oice mail provides the ability to send, forward , and reply to voice messages nonsimultaneously , and it has become a cost-efficient tool even for many midsize organizations. It provides saving on answering machines and services as well as more responsive service to customers and suppliers. Advances have also been made in computerized telephone exchange systems, including in-house digital private branch exchanges(PBX) and Centrex systems provided by the local telephone company. These new systems provide a host of features, including call forwarding, call waiting, least-cost routing of long-distance calls, and a variety of accounting and auditing features. The term data communications is sometimes used to refer to virtually any form of information transfer other than voice. It is sometimes convenient to limit this term to information in the form of text(such as reports, memos, and other documents) and numerical data(such as accounting files). The rapid changes in technology have created fresh challenges for management in making effective use of data communications. We will briefly outline the changes in technology in transmission, networks, and communications software that present the manager with new powerful business tools but also the necessity of making choices among complex alternatives. 一个企业生存和蓬勃发展的信息：在改变与供应商，客户和监管机构的组织和信息的信息。此外，对信息的需求是一致的，访问，并在合适的位置。我们认为，在四种形式的语音，数据，图像，视频和分布式需求的影响的信息。 长期的语音通信，主要是指以电话相关的通讯。迄今为止最常见的沟通形式中的任何组织和大多数工作人员是直接的电话交谈。电话已几十年来的基本的业务工具。电话通讯最近已加强各种以计算机为基础的服务，包括语音邮件和程控电话交换系统。语音信箱提供的能力，发送，转发和回复语音邮件nonsimultaneously，它已成为一个成本效益的工具，甚至许多中小型组织。提供节省答录机和服务，以及更快捷的服务客户和供应商。程控电话交换系统，包括内部数字专用分支交换机（PBX）和本地电话公司提供的Centrex系统也取得了进展。这些新系统提供主机的功能，包括呼叫转接，呼叫等待，长途电话的最低成本路由，各种会计和审计功能。 长期的数据通信有时被用来指几乎任何其他信息传输比语音形式。有时可以很方便限制这个术语在文本形式的信息（如报告，备忘录和其他文件）和数字数据（如会计档案）。已创建管理新的挑战，在有效地利用数据通信技术的迅速变化。我们将简要概述在传输技术的变化，网络和通信软件，经理提出新的强大的商业工具，但也使复杂的替代品之间的选择的必要性。
工程管理专业英语翻译(第二版)徐勇戈
U2-S1什么是项目管理？ 建筑项目管理不仅需要对设计和实施过程有所理解，而且需要现代管理知识。建设项目有一组明确的目标和约束，比如竣工日期。尽管相关的技术、组织机构或流程会有所不同，但建设项目同其他一些如航天、医药和能源等准等领域的项目在管理上仍然有共同之处。 一般来说，项目管理和以项目任务为导向的企业宏观管理不同，待项目任务的完成后，项目组织通常也会随之终止。（美国）项目管理学会对项目管理学科有如下定义：项目管理是一门指导和协调人力物力资源的艺术，在项目整个生命周期，应用现代管理技术完成预定的规模、成本、时间、质量和参与满意度目标。 与此形成对照，一般的工商企业管理更广泛地着眼于业务的更加连贯性和连续性。然而，由于这两者之间有足够的相似和差异，使得现代管理技术开发宏观管理可以用于项目管理。 项目管理框架的基本要素可以用图2-1表示。其中，应用宏观管理知识和熟悉项目相关知识领域是不可或缺的。辅助性学科如计算机科学和决策科学也会发挥重要作用。实际上，现代管理实践与各专业知识领域已经吸收应用了各种不同的技术和工具，而这些技术和工具曾一度仅仅被视作属于辅助学科领域。例如，计算机信息系统和决策支持系统是目前常见的宏观管理工具。同样，许多像线性规划和网络分析这样的运算研究工具，现在广泛应用在许多知识和应用领域。因此，图2- 1反映了项目管理框架演变的唯一来源。 具体来说，建设项目管理包含一组目标，该目标可能通过实施一系列服从资源约束的运作来实现。在规模、成本、时间和质量的既定目标与人力、物力和财力资源限制之间存在着潜在冲突。这些冲突应该在项目开始时通过必要的权衡和建立新备选方案来解决。另外，施工项目管理的功能通常包括以下: 1. 项目目标和计划说明书中包括规模、预算安排、进度安排、设置性能需求和项目参与者的界定。 2. 根据规定的进度和规划，通过对劳动力、材料和设备的采购使资源的有效利用最大化。 3. 在项目全过程中，通过对计划、设计、估算、合同和施工的适当协调控制来实施项目各项运作。 4. 设立有效的沟通机制来解决不同参与方之间的冲突。 项目管理学会聚焦九个不同独特领域，这些领域需要项目经理所具有的知识和关注度： 1. 项目宏观管理，确保项目要素有效协调。 2. 项目范围管理，确保所需的所有工作（并且只有所需的工作）。 3. 项目时间管理，提供有效的项目进度。 4. 项目成本管理，确定所需资源和维持预算控制。 5. 项目质量管理，确保满足功能需求。 6 . 项目人力资源管理，有效地开发和聘用项目人员。 7 . 项目沟通管理，确保有效的内部和外部通信。 8. 项目风险管理，分析和规避潜在风险。 9. 项目采购管理，从外部获得必要资源。
各专业课程英文翻译
各专业课程英文翻译(精心整理) 生物及医学专业课程汉英对照表 应用生物学 Applied Biology 医学技术 Medical Technology 细胞生物学 Cell Biology 医学 Medicine 生物学 Biology 护理麻醉学 Nurse Anesthesia 进化生物学 Evolutionary Biology 口腔外科学 Oral Surgery 海洋生物学 Marine Biology 口腔/牙科科学 Oral/Dental Sciences 微生物学 Microbiology 骨科医学 Osteopathic Medicine 分子生物学 Molecular Biology 耳科学 Otology 医学微生物学 Medical Microbiology 理疗学 Physical Therapy 口腔生物学 Oral Biology 足病医学 Podiatric Medicine 寄生物学 Parasutology 眼科学 Ophthalmology 植物生物学 Plant Physiology 预防医学 Preventive Medicine 心理生物学 Psychobiology 放射学 Radiology 放射生物学 Radiation Biology 康复咨询学 Rehabilitation Counseling 理论生物学 Theoretical Biology 康复护理学 Rehabilitation Nursing 野生生物学 Wildlife Biology 外科护理学 Surgical Nursing 环境生物学 Environmental Biology 治疗学 Therapeutics 运动生物学 Exercise Physiology 畸形学 Teratology 有机体生物学 Organismal Biology 兽医学 Veterinary Sciences 生物统计学 Biometrics 牙科卫生学 Dental Sciences 生物物理学 Biophysics 牙科科学 Dentistry 生物心理学 Biopsychology 皮肤学 Dermatology 生物统计学 Biostatistics 内分泌学 Endocrinology 生物工艺学 Biotechnology 遗传学 Genetics 生物化学 Biological Chemistry 解剖学 Anatomy 生物工程学 Biological Engineering 麻醉学 Anesthesia 生物数学 Biomathematics 临床科学 Clinical Science 生物医学科学 Biomedical Science 临床心理学 Clinical Psychology 细胞生物学和分子生物学 Celluar and Molecular Biology 精神病护理学 Psychiatric Nursing 力学专业 数学分析 Mathematical Analysis 高等代数与几何 Advanced Algebra and Geometry 常微分方程 Ordinary Differential Equation 数学物理方法 Methods in Mathematical Physics 计算方法 Numerical Methods 理论力学 Theoretical Mechanics 材料力学 Mechanics of Materials 弹性力学 Elasticity 流体力学 Fluid Mechanics 力学实验 Experiments in Solid Mechanics 机械制图 Machining Drawing 力学概论 Introduction to Mechanics 气体力学 Gas Dynamics 计算流体力学 Computational Fluid Mechanics 弹性板理论 Theory of Elastic Plates 粘性流体力学 Viscous Fluid Flow 弹性力学变分原理 Variational Principles inElasticity 有限元法 Finite Element Method 塑性力学 Introduction of Plasticity
信息系统项目管理师专业英语简写
1、ABC Activity Based Costing 基于活动的成本核算 2、ABM Activity Based Management 基于活动的管理 3、ACWP Actual Cost of Work Performed 已完成工作实际成本 4、ADM Arrow Diagram Method 箭线图方法 5、ADP Automated Data Processing 自动化数据处理 6、ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution 替代争议解决方案 7、AF Actual Finish Date 实际完成日期 8、AFE Application for Expenditure 支出申请 9、AFE Authority for Expenditure 开支权 10、ALAP As-Late-As-Possible 尽可能晚 11、AMR Advanced Material Release 材料提前发布 12、AOA Activity on Arc 弧线表示活动双代号网络 13、AOA Activity on Arrow 箭线表示活动双代号网络 14、AON Activity on Node 节点表示活动单代号网络 15、AOQ Average Outgoing Quality 平均出厂质量 16、AOQL Average Outgoing Quality Limit 平均出厂质量限度 17、APMA Area of Project Management Application 项目管理的应用领域 18、APR Acquisition Plan Review 采购计划评审 19、AQL Acceptable Quality Level 可接受质量水平 20、AS Actual Start Date 实际开始日期 21、ASAP As-Soon-As-Possible 尽快 22、ATP Acceptance Test Procedure 验收测试过程 23、AUW Authorized Unpriced Work 批准的未定价工作 24、BAC Budget at Completion 完工预算 25、BAC Baseline at Completion 完成/完工基线 26、BATNA Best Alternative to Negotiated Agreement 协议外最佳方案 27、BCM Business Change Manager 商业变更经理 28、BCWP Budgeted Cost of Work Performed 已完工作预算成本 29、BCWS Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled 计划工作的预算成本 30、BEC Elapsed Cost 计划工作的预算成本 31、BOOT Build, Own, Operate, Transfer 建造拥有经营转让 32、BPA Blanket Purchase Agreement 一揽子采购协议 33、BSA Balanced Scorecard Approach 平衡记分卡方法 34、C/SCSC Cost/Schedule Control System Criteria 成本控制系统标准? 35、C/SSR Cost/Schedule Status Report 成本/进度状态报告 36、CA Control Account 控制帐目 37、CAD Computer Aided Drafting/Design 计算机辅助制图/设计 38、CAM Cost Account Manager 成本帐目经理 39、CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing 计算机辅助制造 40、CAM Control Account Manager 控制帐目经理 41、CAP Cost Account Plan 成本帐目计划 42、CAP Control Account Plan 控制帐目计划 43、CAR Capital Appropriation Request 资本划拨请求 44、CBD Component-Based Development 基于构件的开发
信管专业英语期末考试复习资料.doc
6.1.扁平组织强调分散管理,鼓励员匚参与决策。Flat organizations emphasize a dencentralized approach to management, which encourages high employee involvement in decisions? 1 2.管理人员和员工在一个互有信心、互相信任的友好环境中互动。Management and employees interact in a friendly environment characterized by mutual confidence and trust. 3.机械组织最适合重复的运行和稳定的环境。Mechanistic organizations are best suited to repetitive operations and stable environment? 6.4.商业计划有多种形式。There are a wide variety of formats for business plan. 6.5.计划过程远比计划文档更重要。Far more important than plan documents is that plan process itself. 6.6.每一个任务都应该包扌舌一个执行方案。Each objective should include an action plan. 7. 一个执行方案可以帮助主管组织、协调他的团队行动，并使项目按计划进行。An action plan can help supervisor stay organized, coordinate his or her team' s activities, and keep projects on schedule. 8.执行方案详细阐述完成该任务所需要的步骤和工作。The action plan states specifically what steps or tasks will be accomplished to achieve the objective. 9.9.项口管理软件程序可以帮助主管制定执行方案。Project-management software program are available to help supervisor create action plan. 6.10.最基本的项目管理软件程序帮助用户把自C的想法整理成一个简单的进度表。The most basic project management program helps organize the users' thoughts so that a simple schedule can be created. 7.1.链接是最简单但最有效的因特网营销方法。Linking is one of the simplest yet most effective Internet marketing devices. 10. 2.电子邮件签名文件Rf 以有效地宣传一个网站oE - mail signature f 订es can effectively promote a website. 3. EDT通常用于两个公司的两个终端设备的通信。EDI is usually deployed in between communication end points between two companies. 4.很快大部分企业都将成为某种程度上的电子商务企业。Pretty soon most business will be E-business to some extent ? 7.5.安全电子交易(SET)是保证因特网财务往来安全的系统。Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) is a system for ensuring the security of financial transactions on the Internet? 7.6.发证机构(CA)是网络中的一个机构，他负责发放和管理的安全信川证和川于信息加密的公共钥匙。A certificate authority(CA) is an authority in a network that issues and manages security credentials and public keys for message encryption. 7.7. CRM固然包含许多技术,但认为CRM主要是技术则是错误的。There are many technological components to CRM, but thingking about CRM in primarily technological terms is a mistake? 7.8.多川户操作系统允许不同的川户同时利丿LI计算机资源。A multi-user operating system allows many different users to take advantage of the computer 's resources simultaneously. 7.9.操作系统(OS)是最先装入计算机的软件。The operating system (OS) is the first thing loaded onto the computer. 10.没有什么能比计算机更好的体现现代生活。Nothing epitomizes modern life better than the computer. 网络由两个或多个连接在一起的计算机组成，以便共亭资源(如打印机和光盘驱动器)、交换文件或进行电子通信。A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CD-ROMs), exchange files , or allow electronic communications. 2.网络上的计算机nJ以用电缆、电话线、无线电波、卫星或红外线光束连接。The computers on a network may be linked through cable s, telephone lines , radio waves , satellites , or infrared light beams? 8.3.局域网(LAN)是局限于一个较小范围的的网络。A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that is confined to a relatively small area. 8.4.连接到服务器上的计算机被称为工作站o Computers connected to the file server are called workstations. 8.5.在大部分的局域网上中，人们用电缆来连接每个计算机的网卡。On most LANs , cables are used to connect the network interface cards in each computer. 6.网络提供了一个非常快的共亭和传输文件的方法。Networks provide a very rapid method for sharing and transferring files. 7.今天，它主要是通过网络或电子数据交换來完成。Now , it is mainly done through Internet and Electronic
工程管理专业英语全文翻译
Unit 1 the owner’s perspective 第1单元业主的观点 1.2 Major Types of Construction 1.2大建筑类型 Since most owners are generally interested in acquiring only a specific type of constructed facility, they should be aware of the common industrial practices for the type of construction pertinent to them [1]. Likewise, the construction industry is a conglomeration of quite diverse segments and products. Some owners may procure a constructed facility only once in a long while and tend to look for short term advantages. However ,many owners require periodic acquisition of new facilities and/or rehabilitation of existing facilities. It is to their advantage to keep the construction industry healthy and productive. Collectively, the owners have more power to influence the construction industry than they realize because, by their individual actions, they can provide incentives for innovation, efficiency and quality in construction [2]. It is to the interest of all parties that the owners take an active interest in the construction and exercise beneficial influence on the performance of the industry.由于大多数业主通常只对获得特定类型的建筑设施感兴趣，所以他们应该了解与他们有关的建筑类型的常见工业实践[1]。同样，建筑行业是一个相当多样化的部门和产品的集团。一些业主可能会长时间采购建筑设施一次，并倾向于寻找短期优势。然而，许多业主需要定期收购新设施和/或修复现有设施。保持建筑业的健康和生产力是有利的。总的来说，业主对施工行业的影响力比他们意识到的要大，因为他们可以通过个人行动来提供创新，效率和施工质量的激励[2]。所有各方的利益，业主积极兴趣，对行业表现有利影响。 In planning for various types of construction, the methods of procuring professional services, awarding construction contracts, and financing the constructed facility can be quite different. For the purpose of discussion, the broad spectrum of constructed facilities may be classified into four major categories, each with its own characteristics.在规划各类施工时，采购专业服务，授予施工合同，建设设施融资方式可能有很大的不同。为了讨论的目的，广泛的建筑设施可以分为四个主要类别，每个类别都有自己的特点。 Residential Housing Construction住宅建设 Residential housing construction includes single-family houses, multi-family dwellings, and high-rise apartments [3]. During the development and construction of such projects, the developers or sponsors who are familiar with the construction industry usually serve as surrogate owners and take charge, making necessary contractual agreements for design and construction, and arranging the financing and sale of the completed structures [4]. Residential housing designs are usually performed by architects and engineers, and the construction executed by builders who hire subcontractors for the structural, mechanical, electrical and other specialty work. An exception to this pattern is for single-family houses as is shown in Figure 1-2, which may be designed by the builders as well. The residential housing market is heavily affected by general economic conditions, tax laws, and the monetary and fiscal policies of the government. Often, a slight increase in total demand will cause a substantial investment in construction, since many housing projects can be started at different locations by different individuals and developers at the same time [5]. Because of the relative ease of entry, at least at the lower end os the market, many new builders are attracted to the residential housing construction. Hence, this market is highly competitive, with potentially high risks as well as high rewards.住宅建设包括单户住房，多户住宅和高层公寓[3]。在开发和建设这些项目时，熟悉建筑行业的开发商或赞助商通常作为代理业主，负责设计和建造的必要合同协议，并安排完成的建筑物的融资和销售[4 ]。住宅设计通常由建筑师和工程师进行，建筑师由结构，机械，电气和其他专业工作的分包商执行施工。这种模式的一个例外是单户住宅，如图1-2所示，也可以由建设者设计。 住房市场受到一般经济状况，税法以及政府货币和财政政策的严重影响。通常，总需求略有增加将对建设进行大量投资，因为许多住房项目可以在不同的地点由不同的个人和开发商同时启动[5]。由于入口相对容易，至少在市场上较低端，许多新建筑商被吸引到住宅房屋建设中。因此，这个市场竞争激烈，风险高，回报率高。 Institutional and commercial building construction encomprasses a great variety of project types and sizes, such as schools and universities, medical clinics and hospitals, recreational facilities and sports stadiums, retail chain stores and large shopping centers, warehouse and light manufacturing plants, and skyscrapers for offices and hotels, as is shown in Figure1-3 [6]. The owners of such buildings may or may not be familiar with construction industry practices, but they usually are able to select competent professional