英语精读笔记
词性略语表：
n.: noun 名词v.: verb 动词vt: 及物动词vi: 不及物动词
prep.: preposition 介词conj.: conjunction 连词
1991
Passage One
L：
triumph n./v. 胜利urgent a.紧急的
struggle to do 努力做，试图做hold back 阻止，隐瞒tide n.潮流tidal a.
ingredient n.要素；配料of prep. = among 在...当中
accountability n.责任，责任心，责任感accountable a.负责的
account for 解释；占据(比例)为sth负责
be liable for sth liable: responsible, accountable, answerable
values n.价值观ultimate a.最终的，最大的ultimately ad.
impose sth on sb 将sth强加于sb
external a.外部的internal a.内部的
restraint n.限制restrain vt.限制
guilt n.内疚，内疚感；罪行，罪责
be guilty of sth 对sth有罪
embarrass vt.使尴尬embarrassment https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3b11551728.html,munity n.社区；社会；界，圈子；地方
the scientific community 科学界hold up 举起；支撑；阻碍proclaim v.宣称
tolerate v.容忍，宽容loose a.松的，松散的loosen v.使松，使松散
typical a.典型的consider A B 把A看作B
A is considered B. A被看作B。
enrage vt.激怒rage n.愤怒
breakdown n.崩溃；分解radical a.根本的；激进的
shift n./v.转变，转换，变动commit crimes 犯罪
victim n.牺牲品victimize vt.使成为牺牲品shocking a.令人震惊的
reverse v./a./n.颠倒；倒退；反转reversal n.
underprivileged a.弱势的，缺乏基本权益的
bring up 抚养；提出upbringing n. 抚养；提出
fail to do 未能；无法moral a.道德的；品行端正的
guidance n.指导，引导guide v. stable a.稳定的
disadvantaged a. 弱势的，缺乏基本权益的
circumstances n.环境engage in = be engaged in 从事，进行
desperate a.绝望的；不顾一切的
desperately ad. 绝望的；不顾一切的；及其，非常
wise a. 智慧的，明智的wisdom n.
evil n./a.邪恶prevail vi. 占上风，盛行，流行prevaila. prevail n.
virtue n.美德；优点defeat n./v.击败；失败
desirable a.可取的= advisable a. = preferable a. = favorable a.
bear the blame for sth 为sth负责be held responsible for sth 为sth负责
be responsible for sth 为sth负责self-discipline n.自律
mutual a.相互的；共同的stick to sth 坚持sth
restrict v.限制restriction n.限制restrictive a.限制的，限制性的
S:A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.一个智者曾经说过，对于邪恶的胜利来说，所需要的唯一一个东西，就是好人什么都不做。
W:day after day 日复一日Day after day we have to face challenges in life.
日复一日，我们必须面对生活中的挑战。
in (the) face of A 面对A
In the face of challenges, some may shrink, some may give up, but some will stand up.
面对挑战，有些人或许会退缩，有些人或许会放弃，但有些人会挺身而出。
keep away from A 远离AIt is desirable for us to keep away from harmful habits.
我们应该远离坏习惯。
improve the standards of living 提高生活水平
Since the reform and opening-up, the public standards of living have been dramatically improved. 自从改革开放以来，人们的生活水平已经大大改善。
compared with A 与A相比
Compared with cars, bikes are more environment friendly.
与汽车相比，自行车更环保。
lack sympathy for A
Some lack sympathy for those in disadvantaged circumstances.
有些人缺乏对弱势群体的同情。set a good example for sb 为某人树立一个好榜样
Lei Feng set a good example for every one of us.
雷锋给我们每一个人都树立了一个好榜样。
Passage Two
L:adolescence n.青春期adulthood n.成年，成年期
adult n./a.成年；成年的as to 关于constitute vt.构成
constitution n.构成；体质；宪法maturity n.成熟mature a.
primitive a.原始的frequently ad. = often 经常frequent a.
relatively ad.相对的，比较的，很pattern n.模式；规律
prolonged a.延长的prolong vt. 延长
couple n.一对，两口子a couple of 几个coupled with 伴随，伴随着
status n.身份，地位，状态given a.特定的
frontier n.边界，边界定居区；前沿，尖端
universally ad. 普遍地universal a.
ceremony n.仪式formal a.正式的informal a.不正式的
recognition n.承认，认可recognize vt.
symbolic a.象征的，象征性的symbol n.
significance n. 重要性，意义significant a.
initiation n.使进入；开始，使开始
initiation ceremony n.进入仪式，开始仪式；成年仪式
sequence n.系列sequent a. privilege n.特权minor a./n.较小的
remove vt.去除removal n. grant vt.授予fare n.票价
basically ad.基本上；基本而言basic a.
obtain vt.获得license n.执照vote v.投票liquor n.烈酒
financial a.金融的；财政的；财务的finance n.金融；财政；vt.资助
contract n.合同contract vt.收缩entitlement n.授权；权利
additional a.额外的，其他的acquire vt.获得
majority n.大部分；主体attain vt.获得；达到
provision n.提供；预防，准备；约定；规定
point to 表明mark vt.标志着give place to 让位于
dividing line 分界线exist vi.存在existence n. existent a.
permission n.允许permit vt.
join the army 参军
S:The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood.
青春期，也就是说介于儿童期与成年期之间的那段时期，可长可短，（其长短）取决于社会（对个体）的期待，还取决于社会对于构成成熟和成年的标准的定义。
In modern society, there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies.
在现代社会，对于什么能构成（成年期的）开始仪式，（人们）不再有一致的观点。
W:be entitled to do 被授权做，有权利做
Everyone is entitled to receive education. 人人都有权利接受教育。
Everyone is entitled to pursue happiness. 人人都有权利追求幸福。
Passage Three：
L:contain v.包括，包含；遏制
term A B = call A B = name A B 把A称作B
composed of 由...组成composition n.组成；结构；作品
occur vi.发生mineral element 矿物质
dissolve v.溶解solution n.溶液
woody a.木质的；木头的stem n.茎干
tissue n.组织in the presence of 在...存在的情况下
solid a./n.固体；紧密的minute a.微小的n.分钟
opening n.开口；空缺vapor n.蒸汽
trace n.极少量；踪迹quantity n.数量
saturation n.饱和saturate v.饱和
3 parts in 10 parts 十分之三
F = Fahrenheit 华氏温度；华氏温度计
intake n.摄入；摄入量in proportion to 与...成比例的；与...相比的
concentration n.集中；聚集synthesis n.合成
synthesize vt.合成sustain v.支撑
in terms of 就...而言derive sth from A 从A获得sth
preserve v.保存develop an idea 阐述一个观点
utilize vt.利用absorb v.吸收
S:It is as proper to do A as to do B. 做A和做B是一样恰当的。
It is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building.
把植物称作水构造，和把一所主要由砖构成的房子称作砖房一样，都是恰当的。
1992Passage One
well a.可取的，可接受的；健康的
manners n.行为举止horrible a.可怕地horror n.恐怖
monster n.怪物；恶人behind the wheel 驾车
altogether ad. 完全；总共；总之tolerate vt.容忍，宽容
inconsiderate a.不体谅的call for 需要，要求
campaign 运动；战役get out of hand 失控motorist n.司机
A is the exception to the rule. 对于规则/规律，A是一个例外。
resist v.抵制，抵御resistance n. resistant a.
temptation n.诱惑，引诱tempt vt.revenge v./n.报复
subject A to B 使A遭受/服从B
A is subjected to B. A遭受到B。/ A服从于B
uncivilized a.不文明的go a long way towards 对...大有帮助
tension n. 紧张tense a.
nod n./v.点头wave n./v.波浪；挥手
acknowledgement n.承认，认可acknowledge v.
A in response to
B = A in reaction to B 作为对B的反应的A
atmosphere n.气氛；大气，大气层rare a.罕见的
brake v./n.刹车violently ad.用力地；暴力地violent a.
emerge vi.出现a side street 辅道hazard n.危险hazardous a.
following a.随后的traffic n.车辆；交通；流量
clear a.畅通的anyway ad. 无论如何
zebra crossing 斑马线oncoming a.迎面而来的
vehicle n.车辆in time 及时cross the road 过马路
care to do = want to do 想要highway n.公路
veteran n.老兵；老手faultless a.无瑕疵的，无可挑剔的fault n.毛病，缺点，缺陷
filter v./n.过滤；缓慢动traffic stream 车流
blockage n.阻塞；拥堵block v. give rise to A 导致Alet alone 更不用说
master vt.掌握；精通subtle a.微妙的
roadsmanship n.道路使用者的风范statesmanship n.政治家的风范
ownership n.所有权explosion n.爆炸explode v.
take sth to heart 记住sth unjust a.不公平的，不公正的
occasionally ad.偶尔prompt a.迅捷的severe a.严重的；严厉的
savage a.野蛮的yield to A 向A让步，向A屈服
suffer great loss 遭受巨大的损失pay respect to A 尊敬A
badly ad.非常apply vt.用；申请
S:It takes A to do ... 做...需要A
It took (sb) A to do ... 做...花费了（某人的）A [A通常指时间和钱]
It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior.
当遭遇到不文明行为时，要抵御住报复的诱惑，需要司机们当中那些头脑最冷静、脾气最好的人。
当遭遇到不文明行为时，只有那些头脑最冷静、脾气最好的司机，才能克制住自己不去报复。
A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions.
作为对别人礼貌行为的回应，友好的点点头，或者挥挥手表示认可，会有助于创造一种在当今交通环境中非常必要的、善意的和宽容的气氛。
W:It takes A to do ... 做...需要A
It took (sb) A to do ... 做...花费了（某人的）A [A通常指时间和钱]
It takes time and patience to have a good command of English.
学好英语需要时间和耐心。
It took me a whole hour to make sense of the sentence.
理解这个句子，花了我整整一个小时。
make sacrifices 做出牺牲
the rhythm of modern life = the pace of modern life 现代生活的节奏
well-mannered = polite = civilized 有礼貌的
bad-mannered = impolite = uncivilized = rude 没礼貌的
Passage Two
L:greenhouse n. 温室ray n.光线
prevent sb from doing 阻止sb做
prediction n.预测predict v. fuel n.燃料
take place = happen = occur vi.发生
the poles 两极地区，两极polar a.
melt v.融化flood v./n.淹没；洪水coastal a.海岸的coast n.
lead to A = result in A 导致A alteration n.改变，变化alter v.
zone n.地带，地区concentrate on 聚集于，集中于
the Antarctic 南极ice sheet 冰层sheet n.张，片
ice cap 冰盖pay attention to A 注意A
affect vt.影响in other words 换句话说
available a.可获得的fit vt.适合up to now 迄今为止
exceed vt.超越have an effect on A 对A有影响
variable a.可变的，多变的variation n.变化vary vi. astronomer n.天文学家rotate v.旋转present vt.给；呈现
considerable a.相当大的，相当多的distribution n.分布；分配；销售consequently ad.因此circulation n.循环
over a long term = in a long term 就长远来看
output n.输出input n.输入
cycle n.循环，周期latest a.最近的，最新的
downward a. ad.向下的mutual a.相互的；共同的
model n.模型；模式，理论；模特interaction n.互动
climate n.气候；风气assume v.假定有...，假定...存在assumption n. overcome vt.克服counterbalance n./v.平衡；抵消；补偿
diminish vt.减少account for 解释，是...的原因；占据
hemisphere n.半球level n.水平；标准；程度
exclusively ad.完全地due to A 因为A
on the basis of A 在A的基础上take effect 生效
delay v./n.延迟；拖延
W：be of the opinion that 认为
I am of the opinion that both arguments hold some truth.
我认为两种观点都有点道理。
Passage Three
L:contest n./v.比赛，竞赛contestant n.选手，竞赛者
false a.假的；错误的hatred n.仇恨hate v.
brotherhood n.兄弟情谊；兄弟关系
tragic a.悲剧的，悲剧性的tragedy n.悲剧
incident n.小事件involve vt.涉及，卷入
murder n./v.谋杀ruin vt.毁掉lesser a.较次的，较差的
principally ad.主要principal a.medal n.奖牌，奖章
visible a.看得见的；明显的
indignation n.义愤；愤怒indignant a.
final n.决赛final a.最终的scene n.景色；场面
at the end of 在...结束的时候；在...的末段/终点
object to A 反对A goal n.进球；目标
disallow vt.不允许；不承认opponent n.对手，敌手oppose vt.反对victory n. 胜利victorious a. in a rage 发怒
suspension n.暂停；悬挂suspend v.announce vt.宣布
disputable a.有争议的disturbance n.干扰；骚乱；失调disturb vt.
court n.球场；庭院；法庭，法院；宫廷appeal n.上诉，申诉；呼吁；吸引
jury n.陪审团；评审团debate v./n.辩论
stand v.有效，成立silver n.银；银色
competitively ad.竞争性地rather than 而不是
aggressive a.好斗的；侵略的；有上进心的，积极的
patriotism n.爱国主义patriot n.爱国者
breed v. (bred, bred)哺育；产生
take part in an activity 参加一个活动dissolve vt.解散
display vt./n.展示，表现；展览hesitant a.犹豫的
make a decision 做决定reject vt.拒绝
undesirable a.不好的obedient a.听话的，服从的obey vt.服从
common a.常见的；普通的；共同的draw a conclusion 得出结论
athlete n.运动员be liable for A 对A负责
S:The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for.
运动员应该作为个人，或以非国家队的形式参与竞争，这样的建议可能要求太高。
W:Some people believe that ... Others say that the opposite is true: that ... There is probably some truth in both arguments, but ...
有人认为，...... 其他人则持相反的观点：...... 两者可能都有道理，但是.......
be convinced that 认为
1993
Passage One
L:critical a.重要的，关键的；批评的，批判的
starve v.饿；饿死drastic a.极端的；有力度的；严厉的
mother tongue 母语infant n.婴儿
capacity n.能力；容量severe a.严重的；严厉的
nevertheless = nonetheless conj. 尽管如此
insensitive to A 对A不敏感signal n./v. 信号；发信号
Sb is programmed to do... 某人天生能做
neglect vt.忽略negligence n. negligent a.
ideal a./n.理想的；理想stage n.阶段；舞台
eventually ad.最终turn out to be 结果证明是
command n./v.命令；指挥；掌握style n.风格
sight n.视觉；看到；视力feel n.触觉
toy n.玩具pattern n.模式，样式，方式；规律
incredible a.不可思议的，难以置信的
mixture n.混合；混合物induce vt.诱导，引诱
grasp n./v.抓；抓住；掌握respond to A 对A做出反应/回应
dull a.迟钝；枯燥vt.使迟钝discourage vt.使灰心
discouraged a.灰心的，沮丧的verbal a.语言的
purpose n.目的at once 突然；立刻
inadequately ad.不充分的，不够的inadequate a.
intelligent a.聪明的exceptionally ad.格外，特别
remarkable a.非凡，不寻常owe A to B 把A归因于B；有了A是因为B
faculty n.能力；全体教师；系，院inborn a.天生的
selective a.选择性的；选择的select v.
definite a.明确的；具体的necessarily ad.必然，必定
not necessarily 未必，不见得，不一定
S:such A as B 像B这样的A
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick.
分析：such severe lack as that ordered by Frederick
A：severe lack B: that ordered by Frederick，其中that指代前面的lack
介词as引导的介宾短语，作名词lack的后置定语，但因为lack作句子的主语，为了避免头重脚轻，名词和介宾短语被谓语动词exists分割开了。
翻译：今天，再不存在像Frederick下命令所造成的那种严重的匮乏。
What is special abou t man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear”.
与猴子的大脑相比，关于人的大脑的特殊之处，是一个复杂的系统，这个系统能让一个小孩把，比如说，对一个玩具熊的视觉和触觉，与“toy-bear”这个单词的发音模式联系起来。
And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
更不可思议的是，小孩的大脑有能力从他周围混杂的声音中选出语言的秩序，有能力进行分析，有能力以新的方式对词和句进行组合与重新组合。
W:be incapable of 不能
Those saying no to books will be incapable of adapting to the information era.
那些不读书的人将不能适应信息时代。
be exposed to A 接触A
Via the Internet, we can be exposed to infinite information.
通过互联网，我们可以接触到无限的信息。
Passage Two
L:giant a.巨大的n.巨人enterprise n.企业；事业；上进心
bureaucratic a.官僚的management n.管理层；管理
machinery n.机器；体系ventilate v.使通风vent n.孔
psychologist n.心理学家psychology n.心理学
blue-collar worker 蓝领工人white-collar worker 白领工人
puppet n.傀儡；木偶dance to the sth 随着sth的节奏起舞
automated = automatic a.自动的，自动化的
employee n.雇员employer n.雇主；用人单位
confront vt.直面，面对fundamental a.基本的
emotionally ad.情感，从感情上讲emotional a. emotion n.
intellectually ad.智力，从智力上讲intellectual a.
productive a.有创造力的；多产的ladder n.阶梯；梯子
insecure a.不安全的；不牢固的；有忧虑的
secure a. 安全的；牢固的；无忧虑的security n.
promote vt.提拔；促进；促销fall behind 落后
apply for sth 为sth而申请，申请以得到sth
intelligence n.智力；情报，消息
as well as (作连词)和；(作介词)除了
submissive a.屈服的，顺从的，服从的submission n. submit
from that moment on 从那一刻起
superior n.上级 a.优越的，优秀的，上级的
subordinate n.下级 a.从属的，次一级的
sociability n.好交际，善于交际sociable a.
fellow competitor 竞争对手fellow students 同学
fellow workers 同事fellow soldiers 战友
very a.(作名词前置定语，表示强调)
preindustrial a.工业化之前的
mode n.模式，形式capitalism n.资本主义capitalist a. 资本主义的n.资本家
outgrow vt.因长大而不再拥有；因长大而穿不上
transform A into B 把A变成B
transform sth from A into B 把sth从A变为B
industrialism n.工业化；工业社会
maximal a.最大量的，最大化的maximum n.
consumption n.消费；消耗consume vt.
humanist a./n.人文主义，人道主义，人本主义
potentiality = potential n.潜能reason n.理性vt.推理
end n.目的；终点；末段render vt. 让，使；演奏，表演；提出；提供；翻译
be in harmony with A 与A处于和谐状态
humble a.卑微smooth a.平滑，光滑；顺利genuine a.真正的
individuality = personality n.个性
resort to A = turn to A 求助于A，诉诸A
ancestor n.祖先take A for granted 认为A是理所应当的，想当然
approval n.同意；批准approve v.
suspicion n.怀疑suspicious a. suspect v.
S：They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually indepen-dent and productive human beings.
他们生生死死，从来没有作为在情感上和智力上独立且富有创造力的人，去直面过人类生存的那些基本现实。
A is no less adj. than B. A和B一样adj. （强调对形容词的肯定）
A is no more adj. than B. A和B一样都不adj. （强调对形容词的否定）
A is no less poor than B. A和B一样穷。
A is no more rich than B. A和B一样都不富。
I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities — those of love and of reason — are the aims of all social arrange-ments.
我建议把我们的社会体系，从一种官僚管理的工业社会，变为一种人性化的工业社会，在官僚管理的工业社会中，最大量的生产和消费本身就是目的，而在人性化的工业社会中，人和人潜能的充分发展—爱与理性的潜能—是所有社会安排的目的。
W：A is deprived of B. A被剥夺了B。/A失去了B。
Some children in disadvantaged circumstances are deprived of the chance to receive education.
有些穷人家的孩子失去了上学的机会。
A is likely to do ... A可能做...
Water shortage is likely to become worse. 水短缺可能会变得更严重。
be bored with A 对A感到厌烦
He is bored with the 9-5 lifestyle.
他很厌烦那种朝九晚五(早九点上班，下午五点下班，指普通人的生活)的生活方式。
It is a matter of ... 这是个...的问题
It is a matter of life and death. 这是个生与死的问题。
Passage Three
L：courses of action 做法publish vt.公布；出版
patent vt.为...申请专利n.专利make/seal/strike a bargain
state n.州，国家；状态，情形monopoly n.垄断；专用；专卖
terminate v.终止，终结exceptional a.例外的，独特的；杰出的
circumstances n.环境span n.跨度v.跨越extension n.延长extend v.
circuitry n.电路；循环，巡回环路；reward n./v.回报，奖励
permanently ad.永久地，永远地permanent a.
shelf n.架子A attached/affiliated to B 附属于B的A
Middle School Attached to Peking University 北大附中
literally ad.（常用于表示强调，无实际含义）
conduct vt.进行，实施；引导，指挥
live a.活的；实况的，现场的a sure way 一个有效的方法
violation n.侵犯；违反violate v.
plagiarize v.剽窃plagiarism n.
likewise ad.相同地invalidate vt.使无效
validate vt.使有效further a.更进一步的
print n./v.印刷technological a.技术的technology n.
advance n./v.进步presumption n.假设，假定presume v.
those involved in sth 卷入sth的那些人，与sth有关系的那些人
closely ad.密切的A’s reduction to B = the reduction of A to B A向B的转化/转变
reduce A to B 使A转化为B necessity n.必要；必要性necessary a.
dedication n.贡献dedicate vt.
availability n.可获得性，可用性；获得的可能性available a.
magnetic a.磁的，磁性的magnet n.磁铁
date back to 可以追溯到original a.原创的，最初的origin n.根源，起源
originate from 起源于rear a./n.后面，后部
anticipate vt.预测，预计，预期anticipation n.
cart n.马车；手推车an approach to sth 做sth的方法
the application for sth 对sth的申请the application of sth 对sth的使用
the access to sth 对sth的接近/获取/使用
publicize vt.宣传，广告last vi. 持续
prior to = before 在...之前unusually ad.不寻常地
TV station 电视台recommend v.推荐；建议recommendation n.
S:Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if older than half a century, sometimes even re-patent.
因为在一个专利终止后，它会永久保持公开性，所以专利局下属图书馆的书架上，有数以百万计的创意的细节，这些细节任何人可以免费使用，并且，如果它们的时间超过半个世纪，有时甚至可以再以它们去申请专利。
advise sb that 给某人以...建议
Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventor’s right is to plagiarize a dead patent.
的确，任何人想要避免对有效专利进行调查所产生的高昂成本，专利专家们会给他一个建议，即避免侵
犯任何其他发明者权利的一个有效方式就是，盗用一个失效的专利。
It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, that makes news and money.
正是它们向商业实践的转化才产生了新闻和钱，这种转化，要么是因为必要，要么是因为贡献，再要么是因为新技术能够被获得。
1994
Passage One
L:organize vt.组织private a.私人的，个人的
market-oriented a.以市场为导向的
largely ad. 主要地，在很大程度上
marketplace n.市场strive to do 努力做
profit n.利润motive n.动机
in competition with sb 在与sb的竞争中
operate v.起作用；运行；操作
competitive a.竞争的；竞争性的；竞争激烈的
individual a./n.个体的；个体consumer n.消费者
desire n./v.愿望；欲望maximize vt.最大化
resources n.资源mechanism n.构造，结构；体制，机制
in response to sth 作为对sth的反应/回应
relative a.相对的；比较，相当demand n./v.需求；要求
supply n./v.供应；提供in short supply 供应不足
relative to A 与A相比较/相对应；与A有关
bid v./n.竞标，投标be bid up （指价格等）被抬升
eliminate v.去除，消除；淘汰commodity =goods n.商品
in turn 反过来permit sb to do 允许sb做
regulate v.调整own = possess vt.拥有
productive resources 生产资料property n.财产
hire = employ vt.雇；雇佣
gain control over A 获得对A的控制
natural resources 自然资源concept n.概念
embrace vt.包括；拥抱contract n.合同v.收缩
be satisfied with A 对A满意overstate v.夸大；多报
understate v.轻描淡写；少报purchase v./n.购买
purchasing power 购买力mechanized a.机械化的
A is characterized by B. A的特点是B。
The Chinese people are characterized by modesty. 中国人的特点是谦虚。
A concerned = A involved 所涉及到的A
those involved 所涉及到的那些人，相关人士
manpower n.人力work vi.起作用，发挥作用
Passage Two
L:at least 最少，至少at most 最多，至多issue v.发放；发出n.问题
credit n./v.信用；信誉；信贷；相信；表扬，赞扬；面子，荣誉；学分
credit card 信用卡at home 在家；在国内
across the country 在全国as well = too 也
withdraw v.抽回；收回；提取withdrawal n.
deposit v./n.存放；沉淀scatter v.分散
location n.方位；地方locate v.定位；找到
branch n.分行，分支机构，分公司
on the horizon 即将出现while conj.当...的时候；尽管，虽然；而，然而
convenience n. 方便，便利convenient a.
electronic a.电子的cash register 现金出纳机，现金记录仪
a wide range of 许多keep track of 跟踪，随时了解
list n.名单，清单item n.项目；物品
order v./n.订购；订单efficient a.有效率的，高效的
personnel n.人员；人事部门staff n.人员，职员v.定员；是...的职员
assignment n.分配，分派，安排assign v.
accordingly ad.因此，据此identify v.识别，辨认
preferred customer 首选的顾客
promotion(al) campaign 促销活动
rely on 依赖manufacturer n.生产商manufacture n./v.生产
analyze v.分析analysis
computer-analyzed a.经过计算机分析的
marketing n.营销emphasize v.强调；重视emphasis n.
develop products 开发产品stock n.供应；库存；股票
in stock 库存中的raw a.生的；未加工的
raw material 原材料process n.过程v.加工，处理
numerous a.众多的commercial a.商业的n.商业广告
utilities n.公用事业企业processor n.加工者，处理者
obtain v.获得cash v.把...兑换成现金
pay in cash 用现金支付make an order of sth = order 订购
automation n.自动化
S:allow sb to do 允许sb做；使sb有可能做/能够做
This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving.
这些信息，通过表现哪些货物正被出售以及它们的出售速度，从而使商人们能够随时了解货物清单。
At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly.
同时，这些电脑记录哪几个小时最忙，以及哪些员工效率最高，据此能使企业做出相应的人事安排。W:enjoy great trust from sb 得到sb的信任
It is now more convenient to do ... than before. 现在做...比以前更加方便。
With cell phones, it is now more convenient to communicate than before.
有了手机，现在通讯比以前更加方便。
approaches to sth 或approaches to doing sth 做sth的方法
approaches to learning English 学英语的方法
Sth can do much more than do ... sth的作用不仅仅是...
The Internet can do much more than providing us with information.
互联网的作用不仅仅是给我们提供信息。
Passage Three
L:exceptional children 智障儿童
in some significant way 在某个重要的方面
be adapted to A 适应Aadapt A to B 让A适应B
focus on 聚焦于，集中于environment n.环境
leading actor 主演capture v./n.抓住；捕获
capture one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
be aware of 意识到supporting player 配角
scenery n.风景；舞台背景be the key to sth 是sth的关键
pass on 传承prejudice n./v.偏见
central values 核心价值观democratic a.民主的democracy n.
phrase n.短语，表达founder n.建立者，创建者found vt.
denote = mean v.意味着，意思是the right of sb to do sb做...的权利
the right of sb to sth sb得到sth的权利
confirm vt.确认；证实appropriate a.合适的
modify v.修饰；修改，改变program n./v.计划，项目；节目，节目单；程序；课程
instruction n.教导，教学；指令；说明instruct v.
cite vt.引用citation n.
normal a.正常的norm n.标准；规范
receive much concern 得到很多关注
necessity n.必要，必要性state vt.陈述，表明statement n.
exert vt.施加，运用
S:The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
在过去三十年，在公共教育方面所表现出的、对智障儿童的巨大兴趣，表明了我们社会中的一种强烈情感，即所有公民，不管他们的特殊状况是什么，都应该得到充分发展他们能力的机会。
W:A weighs much heavier than B. A比B重要的多。
Health weighs much heavier than wealth. 健康比财富重要的多。
fully develop one’s potentials 充分发展/发挥一个人的潜能/潜力
A good job is one which can fully develop our potentials.
一个好的工作是能够充分发挥我们的潜能的工作。
deserve special consideration 应该得到特殊关照/照顾
Those in disadvantaged circumstances should deserve special consideration.
弱势群体应该得到特殊关照。
A exerts great influence over B. A对B有巨大的影响。
College life exerts great influence over everyone’s values.
大学生生活对每个人的价值观都有巨大的影响。
A has much to do with B. A与B有很大关系。
Global warming has much to do with human activities. 全球变暖与人类的活动有很大关系。
Passage Four
L:by the end of 到(某一时间段)结束时
in detail 详细地arise v.(arose, arisen)出现，产生
microbiologist n.微生物学家expert on sth sth方面的专家
caution vt.警告n.小心，谨慎once conj. 一旦；一次
cure n.治疗方法，治疗v.治愈
infection n.感染；传染infectious a. infect v.
survive v.生存；保留；在...之后还活着/存在survival n.
institute n.机构；学院estimate v./n.估计
figure n.数字，数目statistics n.数据
discouraging a.令人沮丧的as many as 多达
variety n.变体；多样in existence （作名词后置定语）现存的
make great progress 取得巨大的进步
cosmic = universal a.宇宙的cosmos = universe n.宇宙
radiation n.辐射radiate v.
diet n.饮食activate vt.激活cell n.细胞
mysterious a.神秘的mystery n.迷
likelihood = possibility n.可能性likely a.可能的
initiate vt.使进入；使开始，着手initiation n.
evolutionary a. 进化的；进化论的evolution n. evolve v. point out 指出prospect n.前景determine v.确定；决定
counteract v.对抗；抵消disclose v.揭示；揭露
indicate v.表明imply v.暗示implication n.
in operation 起作用；在运行so long as = as long as 只要
turn off 关；关闭ever-present 永远存在的
W:suffer from a disease 患病，得病
those suffering from swine flu 得了猪流感的人
There is still a long way to go before ... 在...之前还有很长的路要走。
There is still a long way to go before everyone becomes aware of the problem.
在人们意识到这个问题之前，还有很长的路要走。
Passage Five
L:discovery n.发现discover v.
blind vt.使失明；使晕眩；使未能意识到
dramatic a.戏剧化的；戏剧的Sir n.爵士
legend n.传奇；传说Legend has it that ... 据传说
mold n./v.霉菌；铸模；铸造；塑造
penicillin n.青霉素experiment with A 用A做实验
antibacterial a.抗菌的substance n.物质
innovation n.创新innovate v. innovative a.
laborious a.充满艰辛的
trial n.尝试；审理try v.soccer n.足球
shot n.射门；投篮；弹丸have sth done sth被（别人）做
have one’s hair cut 理发have their shots blocked 射门被阻挡
score v.得分prime a.主要的work on sth 忙于，从事
consciously ad.有意识的conscious a.
ordinary people, the average person, common people 普通人
fanciful a.不切实际的；时尚的，前卫的
abstraction n.抽象；抽象的事物
solid possibilities 有根据并可能实现的事
virtue n.美德；优点seemingly ad.表面上
authority n.权威；权威人士；当局；政府
plastic garbage bags 塑料垃圾袋how come = why 为什么
think of 想到proposition n.观点，理论
set out 出发；开始search for = look for 寻找
alternate a.另外的；非常规的
in the long run = in the long term 长远来说
be bound to do 肯定，必定challenging a.有挑战的
challenge v./n.挑战；质疑dead end 死胡同
ignorant of A 对A一无所知come up with 想出，拿出
by accident 偶然，不经意间
distinguish/tell A from B 区分A和B
possess vt.拥有present v.给；介绍；描述
quote v.引用quotation n.
assertion n.断言，坚持声称assert v. assertive a.
diligent a.勤奋的diligence n.
be reluctant to do 不情愿做be devoted to A 致力于A
be concerned about A 关心A；担心A
S:Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,
原句省略的词汇用划线表示：Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no particular virtue in doing things in the way in which they have always been done,
创造性思维可能仅仅意味着一种意识，即，采用事情一向被做时所用的方式去做事情，并没有特别的好处。
创造性思维可能仅仅意味着一种意识，即，用人们常用的做事方式做事情，并没有特别的好处。
Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.
有高度创造力的人的确是伴随着一个不同的鼓手敲出的节奏前行的。
原文地址：考研阅读精读笔记（95-96）作者：一舟
1995
Passage One
L:know of/about 了解serve to do = help to do 有助于
assist v.协助assistance n. assistant a.协助的n.助手
distribution n.销售；分配，分发
thereby = therefore 因此establish v.建立，确立；证实
home market 国内市场provide for 为...做准备
draw one’s attention to A 让某人注意A
draw attention to A 让人们注意A
enormously ad.非常，极其
enormous a.巨大的ensure v.保证
lower vt.降低tube = underway n.地铁
guarantee n./v.保证apart from 除了
act n.法令，法案parliament n.(英国、澳大利亚的)国会
govern v.统治，管理，控制
term n.术语，用语；关系；条件，条款；时期
regular a.规则的；规律的；经常的；固定的
promote a product 推销产品fail to do 未能；无法
live up to sth 达到sth(期望，承诺等)
mislead = misguide v.误导mercifully ad.幸亏，好在，幸运的是
merciful a.仁慈的，宽大的inferior a.次的，劣的，低的
article n.物品；文章；条目，条款；冠词
consistently ad.一贯地；始终如一地，一致地；向来，历来consistent a.
represent vt.代表force n.因素；力量
touch on = mention 提到，提及personality n.名人；个性
declare v.宣布declaration n.
persuade v.说服persuasion n.persuasive a.有说服作用的；有说服力的
inform sb of sth 让sb知道sth；向sb告知sth
draw distinction 做区分excessively ad.过分的，过度的excessive a.
fine a.细微的seek to do = try to do 试图做
message n.信息merely = only ad.仅仅，只
confine vt.限制，局限subtly ad.细微，微妙
boring = dull a.乏味money consuming 花钱的
secure vt.获得fame n.名声precise a.精确地
pass one’s judgment on A 某人表达对A的判断
nothing but 正是，就是partial a.片面的；部分的
win sb over 争取sb
S:If its message were confined merely to information — and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive — advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention.
如果广告的内容仅仅限于信息—这件事如果不是不可能做到，也是很难做到的，因为即便像一件衬衫颜色的选择这样一个细节也有微妙的说服作用—广告将变得如此乏味，以至于没有人会注意它们。Passage Two
L:view A as B 把A看做Bmeasure v.衡量；测量
grade n.分数；等级；年级measurable a.可衡量的；可测量的
by contrast 相反，与此形成对照的是by definition 按照定义，根据定义
specific a.特定的；具体的signpost n. 路标
landmark n.路标，里程碑encounter v./n.遭遇；邂逅
obstacle n.障碍willingness n.情愿，愿意willing a.
take risks = take chances = run risks 冒险
being n.存在；存在物；存在状态
perceive v.感觉，感知；察觉；理解perception n.
be open to sth 对sth保持开放的心态
indecisive a.犹豫不决的decisive a.果断的；决定性的
timidity n.胆怯，懦弱timid a.
hesitate v.犹豫hesitation n. hesitant a.
cope with 处理，应对passive a.被动的；消极的
insecurity n.不安全；无保障self-doubt n.自我怀疑
be to do 想要；应该；将要overcome vt.克服
cease v.停止trap v./n.陷入；陷阱shell n.贝壳；壳
give up = quit vt.放弃make great efforts 做出巨大的努力
be keen on doing 热衷于做succeed in doing 成功的做成了
take up challenges 接受挑战aim vi./n.瞄准；定目标
refer to A 指；提到，涉及；参考advocate vt.提倡n.倡导者
curious a.好奇的curiosity n.
promptness n.迅捷，迅速prompt a.迅捷的，迅速的vt.催促，促使
open-mindedness to new experiences 对新事物的开放心态
avoidance n.避免avoid v.
Passage Three
L:
complex a.复杂的complexity n.
formerly ad.从前former a.
solutions to sth sth的解决办法/方案
complicated a.复杂的complicate vt.使复杂
colleague n.同事extend v.延伸，扩展
extended family 大家庭(多代同堂)
resolve v.解决；决心resolution n.
expert a.专业的n.专家in addition to A = besides A 除了A
mobility n.移动，流动；移动性，流动性mobile a.
stable a.稳定的stability n.
informal a.非正式的formal a.正式的
cut off 切断trustworthy a.值得信赖的
reliable a.可靠的rely vi.(on)
unconscious a.无意识的；神志不清的
subconscious a.下意识的，潜意识的
casual a.随意的；休闲的enormous a.巨大的
stockpile n.积聚；贮存A relevant to B 与B有关的A
overwhelming a.压倒性的，极强的
quantity n.数量quantitative a.数量的；大量的
enable sb to do 使sb能做sth
enable sth = make sth possible 使sth成为可能
store vt.储存storage n.file n.档案
locate v.定位；查找shortly ad.很快
bombard vt.轰炸communications n.通讯；交流
occurrence n.发生occur = happen = take place vi.
expertise n.专业知识，专业信息teleconference n.远程会议
problems in dispute 有争议的问题
settle v.解决；安定，定居settlement n.
participant n.参加者participate in = take part in
site n.地点，地址；工地facilitate vt.使便利
distant a.遥远的distance n.遥远；距离
accurate a.准确的；精确的up-to-date a.最新的
critical a.关键的，重要的；批评的，批判的
access to A 对A的接近/获得/使用
the lack of A A的缺乏channel n.渠道；频道；海峡
readily ad.容易地carry out 进行，执行
infer v.推导，推断inference n.
dominant a.主导的，支配的，控制的dominate v.
transmit v.传导，传送keep secrets 保密
information era 信息时代on spot 当场，现场
make the best use of sth 充分利用sth
accumulate v.积累accumulation n.
S:As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
随着家庭离开他们稳定的社区，他们多年的老友，以及他们的大家庭关系，非正式的信息流通被切断了，随之，人们的信心也失去了，即需要信息的时候，信息就能被获得，并且获得的信息是值得信赖并可靠的。
Passage Four
L:inherent a.内在的；固有的inherence n.offspring n.后代profound a.深远的，深的，深刻的
major a.重大的；重要的；主要的soak up = absorb vt.吸收
characteristic n.特点nature n.本质institution = institute n.机构
adopt vt.采用，采纳；收养adoption n. adoptive a.
at the cost of A 以A为代价do sth at all costs 不惜一切代价做sth
moral a.道德的；符合道德水准的current a.目前的；流行的
passion n.激情；喜欢，喜爱layer n.层
be keen to do 热衷于做marathon n.马拉松
rejoice vi.高兴conquer v.征服conquest n.
disproportionate a.不成比例的
proportionate a.成比例的；按比例的
proportion n.比例；部分；程度
emphasis n.强调；重点emphasize v.
rare a.罕见的concentrate on A 把注意力集中于A
merit n.优点；功绩，业绩somewhat = a little 有一点
questionable a.可疑的in the knowledge of 知道
positively ad.的确；积极地youngster n.年轻人
fit A to B 使A适合B
preoccupy vt.使专心于；先占，先取preoccupation n.
be preoccupied with A 老是想着A
the preoccupation of sb with A sb老是想着A，对A的念念不忘
academic a.学术的，学习的lessen vt.减轻，缓解
sure values 可靠的、确定的价值观
selection n.选择；挑选select v. selective a.
profession n.职业professional a.职业的n.职业人士，专业人士
stock n.库存；股票；血统impatient a.不耐心的
patient a.耐心的n.病人considerate a.体贴的，体谅的
agreeable a.宜人的；可口的；随和的
doubtful a.可疑的currently = now ad.现在
be based on A 基于A candidate n.候选人
shaping n.形成multiple a.多的，多次的，多重的
S:If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching chil-dren surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy.
如果学校对学习成绩的重视减少一点，人们或许可以花更多的时间教孩子们更可靠的价值观。（如果这样，）很可能对护理职业，尤其是医药行业，的选择，就会更少的看化学课的高分，而更多的看像敏感性和同情心这样一些因素。
Passage Five
L:subsequent a.随后的，其后的subsequence n.
A is evidence of B. A证明了B。/A是B的证据。
A called/named/termed
B 被(人们)称作B的A
popularly ad.一般的；普遍的
popular a.普遍的；大众的，民众的；流行的，受欢迎的popularity n.
A has an effect on B. A对B有影响。
such ... as to do 如此...以至于
performance n.表演；表现perform v.
recitation n.背诵recite v.
so-called a.所谓的primary a.主要的
typically ad.典型地；通常maintain v.保持；保存；维持maintenance n. learned material 学过的材料，学过的东西
emotionally ad.情感地gradual a.逐渐的
natural selection 自然选择fade v.变暗，变淡，变弱，变小；消失
aid v./n.帮助；有助于
orientation n.定位，定向；适应orientate = orient v. duration n.持续时间，时间的长短
flexibility n.灵活，灵活性flexible a.
adjustment n.调整；适应adjust v.
gross a.总的；明显的contemporary a.当代的；同时代的n.同时代的人
all of a sudden = suddenly 突然
A is an indication of B. = A indicates B. A表明B。
exactly ad.确切地；非常，完全
balanced a.平衡的compensation n.补偿；赔偿compensate v.
A is a compensation for B. A是对B的补偿。
大学英语精读第一册课文翻译
第一单元 课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其实。 学习英语的几种策略 学习英语决非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。 虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种： 1．不要以完全相同的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差？其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。 2．密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过，为什么我们说“我对英语感兴趣”是“I’m interested in English”，而说“我精于法语”则是“I’m good at French”?你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说“获悉消息或密秘”是“learnthenewsorsecret”,而“获悉某人的成功或到来”却是“learn of someone’s success or arrival”?这些都是惯用法的例子。在学习英语时，你不仅必须注意词义，还必须注意以英语为母语的人在日常生活中如何使用它。 3．每天听英语。经常听英语不仅会提高你的听力，而且有助你培养说的技能。除了专为课程准备的语言磁带外，你还可以听英语广播，看英语电视和英语电影。第一次听录好音的英语对话或语段，你也许不能听懂很多。先试着听懂大意，然后在反复地听。 你会发现每次重复都会听懂更多的xx。 4．抓住机会说。的确，在学校里必须用英语进行交流的场合并不多，但你还是可以找到练习讲英语的机会。例如，跟你的同班同学进行交谈可能就是得到一些练习的一种轻松愉快的方式。还可以找校园里以英语为母语的人跟他们
研究生英语精读教程教师参考书(第三版下)中国人民大学出版社
Language Points 1.Subtitle:Toxin sniffers，missile jammers,dirty-bomb detectors： The post-9/11security blitz is affecting more than public safety—it’s changing the course of science. Toxin sniffers:毒素嗅探器missile jammers:导弹人为干发射机 dirty-bomb detectors:放射性核弹探测器 全句可译为：毒素嗅探器、导弹人为干发射机、放射性核弹探测器：“9·11” 事件后闪电式的保卫行动不仅影响着公共安全——还在改变着科学的进程。 2.Par.[1]:In the race to prevent future9/11-style attacks—or worse—Washington has marshaled the U.S.science establishment on a scale not seen since Sputnik. 全句可译为：华盛顿以前苏联发射人造地球卫星以来所未有的规模对美国的科 学机构做了安排。 3.Par.[2]:“A lot of it is security theater technology designed to make you feel better,”says Bruce Schneier，author of Beyond Fear：Thinking Sensibly about Security in an Uncertain World. 全句可译为：《超脱恐惧：明智地考虑变幻莫测世界的安全问题》的作者布鲁 斯·施奈尔说：“这当中有许多都是做表面文章的保安技术，目的是让你感到 更安全。 4.Par.[6]:As the archive of visa applicants balloons，scans of all10 fingers will provide more fail-safe identifications. 全句可译为：随着护照签证申请人的档案急剧增加，对十指全部进行扫描将 使身份验证更加万无一失。 5.Par.[9]:Resembling a sleek outhouse，the$150,000walk-through machine sends a quick blast of air over your clothing to dislodge trace explosive particles. walk-through:（建筑物）从两端都可进入的 全句可译为：这种价值15万美元的从两端都可进入的机器像个造型优美的 户外小屋，它在你的衣服上面迅速地吹过一股气流，从衣服上吹下微量炸药 粒子， 6.Par.[10]:Still,building technology today already seems light-years beyond pre-9/11days． 全句可译为：然而，今天的建筑技术看来已经远远超过“9·11”事件以前的 日子了。 7.Par.[11]:GPS:Global Positioning System全球卫星定位系统 8.Par.[12]:A cyber-attack on the country’s financial networks or power and telecommunications grids could make other means of protecting our physical assets moot. 全句可译为：对国家的金融网或电力和电信网进行的网络攻击，可使我们保 护有形资产的其他手段变得无实际意义。 9.Par.[12]:Developers describe it as a“Google-esque”tool and predict
浅谈如何改进英语精读教学
谈如何改进英语精读教学 随着我国英语教育水平的不断提高，我国高等英语教学目标越来越明确，本科与专科英语教学区别也越来越大，要求也有所不同，现在对专科学生英语学习也有了级别的要求，那就是高职高专英语应用能力考试，因此专科学生英语教学应根据教育部高职高专英语教学大纲做适当的调整。 因此，针对这一教学要求我们教师要有针对性、目的性地调整教学态度、方法，采取高职高专学生乐于接受的、适合高职高专学生水平的英语教学手段，切实提高高职学生的英语综合运用能力。 一、教师要改变一贯的教学态度，转变思想观念 在这里，教师的任务不但是传授英语知识，同时更是学生学习的引导者、兴趣的培养者、学习的督促者、英语学习的组织者、鼓励者、英语学习方法和资源的建议者和英语学习效果的评估者。 1、按照“实用为主，够用为度”的指导思想，做到“够用”。摈弃原来英语教学越多越好，越全越好，越细越好的教学思路，针对学生英语水平，有重点，有难点，而不是面面俱到的备课、准备教学内容。 2、要把重点放在培养学生的英语综合应用能力上来。目前我国为考察高职高专学生英语水平而开设的《高职高专英语应用能力考试》目的就是考察学生听、读、写、译的综合能力。虽然当中没有设置口语的考试，但根据高职高专学生毕业后的就业趋势——他们是生产、建设、管理、服务第一线的高等技术应用型人才，口语也是必须重视的。因此，在教学中应注意把握这一点，合理组织安排精读当中不同部分的教学课时。 二、学生要转变观念，提高课堂参与意识，培养自主学习习惯 1. 提高课堂参与意识。很多学生上课极少发言或者不发言、不回答问题，只是被动的接受教师的输出，这大大降低了学生学习的积极主动性，授课效果大打折扣。要让学生意识到英语综合运用能力是他们今后毕业必然会用到的一种能力，这样才会提高学生课堂参与意识，认真抓住课上任何一个机会，回答教师的提问，锻炼自己的口语，阅读等能力。学生真正参与到课堂活动中来，才能很大程度上改善授课质量，使学生真正成为学习的主人。 2.提高自主学习意识。高职高专英语精读课一般是周四课时，教师讲授居多，在这么少的时间内掌握大量的知识，没有课下的自主学习是达不到教学目标要求的。况且教师不可能跟中学教师一样时刻告诉学生要做什么准备、催促学生要完成布置的作业。因此，只有学生提高自主学习意识，能够自己做好课前的预习准备工作，课后认真完成教师布置的任务，才有可能达到教学目标的要求，才会提高自己的英语水平。 通过提高课堂参与意识，培养自主学习习惯，学生在课堂上就会积极、主动参与课堂教学活动，配合教师，充分发挥学习主体这一角色的作用，活跃课堂气氛，获得好的学习效果。 三、针对高职高专学生特点，改进教学方法和手段 高职高专学生英语基础弱、词汇量少、听、说、读、写、译能力较差，自我约束、控制力差。这些特点决定了过分强调和突出教师的作用，以教师为中心的传统的、“填鸭式”的教学不适合高职高专学生。因此，要切实提高高职高专学生的英语综合运用能力水平，必须改进高职高专英语精读教学方法。 1、英语学习兴趣的培养 作为英语精读教师，大多数人对学生上课的不积极态度都有很深的了解和体会。作为
大学英语精读
大学英语 1、要是有更多的钱，我就能在市区买一套公寓了。( with) With more money, I could buy an apartment in downtown. 2、记住一定要复习我们课堂上学过的新单词和词组。(make sure) Make sure that you must review these new words and phrases that you had studied in class. 3、他打量着她的脸，思考着如何告诉她那个消息。( study) Studying her face, he was thinking how to tell her that story. 4、市内交通被暴风雪阻断。( interrupt) The city traffic was interrupted by the snowstorm. 5、你可以帮我递一下那份考卷吗？(do sb. a favor) Can you do me a favor wether you pass that paper to me. 6、虽然老太太一个人住着，但她并不感到孤独。（alone, lonely） Althouth the old lady lives alone, she doesn’t feel lonely. 7、我希望有朝一日能够再见到你。(sometime) I hope I will meet you again sometime. 8、那个正和李教授谈话的人是个著名的艺术家，或类似的身份。( or something) That man who is talking with professor Li is a great artist or something. 9、我们应该充分利用网络资源获取信息。(make use of) We should make good use of the Internet to gain information. 10、他还没有意识到诚信的重要性。(be aware of) He isn’t aware of the importance of honesty. 11、老板进来的时候他假装在看一份重要文件。（pretend） He was pretended to read an important document when the boss came in. 12、警察有责任维护公共秩序和安全。(be responsible for) Police are responsible for the preservation of public order and security. 13、他是唯一穿着正装出席晚会的人，这使他感到很不自在。( out of place) He is the only one that wears formal clothes in the evening party, which makes him out of place. 14、我能有额外的时间来完成这个任务吗？（extra） Can I have extra time to finish the task. 15、这个新方法会帮助你们解决这个难题。（enable） This new method enables you to solve this difficult problem. 16、他不久就要离开了，但我们还没有找到可以替代他的人。(take the place of) He will be leaving soon, but we don’t fi nd a person to take the place of him. 17、那位著名演员在剧中扮演重要角色。（play a …role） The famous actor plays a important role in the play. 18、报纸影响思想潮流。( influence, current) Newspaper influences the current. 19、我以前从未听说过那个名字，他一定是新记者。( hear of ) I haven’t heared of the nam e, he must be a new reporter.
研究生英语精读教程答案(下)分章节
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大学英语精读1--第三版--课文英汉对照.
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