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特殊句式及练习

特殊句式及练习
特殊句式及练习

特殊句式

一、倒装句

1.全部倒装

(1)在There be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。

Look,there’s that bookshop I was telling you about.

(2)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here, there, now,then, up, down, in,out, away,off等置于句首时,后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等,为使生动地描述情景而采用倒装语序。此时,句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。

There goes the phone.I’ll answer it.

(3)such作表语置于句首时。

Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man but the 20th century’s greatest scientist.

(4) 为平衡句子结构,或使上下文衔接紧密,而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首,引起倒装(表语前置)。

Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.

Visiting the Great Wall were 200 American college students.

Planted on the top of the mountain were some trees.

(5)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。

In the center of the square stands a monument.

(6) 直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。

“If you die,who will get your money?” asked Holmes.

2.部分倒装

在下列几种情况下,只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前,构成部分倒装。

(1)little,never,not,seldom,neither,nor,hardly,rarely,scarcely, by no means,nowhere, at no time,under no circumstances/in no case/by no means/on no account等not a +名词等表示否定或半否定意义的副词或词组开头的句子中,采用部分倒装。

Little does he care about what others think.

(2)在not...until...,no sooner...than...,scarcely/hardly...w hen...,n ot only...but also...,neither...nor...等句式中。Neither does he drink nor smoke.

(3) often, many a time, always, once等表示时间的频度副词放在句首时应用部分倒装。

Many a time has he been to Paris. 他去过巴黎多次。

(4)在so/such...that...从句中,当so+形容词/副词或such+名词位于句首时。

So exhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest.

(5) 以only开头的句子(only后面为副词、介词短语或状语从句),采用部分倒装,即把谓语的助动词放到主语之前,谓语用原形。

Only then did I find I had made a mistake.

(6)so/as+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语,表示“……也是……”。

Times have changed and so have I.

当neither,nor位于句首,表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时,常用neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语,表示“……也不……”。

They couldn’t understand it at that time,and nor could we.

注意:so + 人称代词(同一主语)+ 助动词,这种结构中的主谓是正常语序,用以重述前面的情况,以表示赞同或强调。----It was cold yesterday.----So it was.

注意:so it is/was with + 另一主语,这种结构表示这一主语的情况也如此。主要用于上文出现两个以上句子(情况),而在逻辑上这些句子表现同一主语,通常是有肯定和否定的混合句。或有两个(以上)谓语。

Mike likes Chinese but he is not good at Chinese. So it is with Tom./It is the same with Tom.

注意:主语+ 动词do(某种形式)+so, 此句型用以避免重复前文所述动词及其宾(状)语,表示该句型中的主语做了前文中已提到的动作,此句型中的主语可与前句主语相同,也可以是另外的人。

She asked me to speak louder and I did so.

(7)省略if的虚拟条件句,把助动词were,had,should提到主语前面。

Had it not been for your help,we shouldn’t have achieved so much.

(8)“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,通常把may置于句首,构成倒装语序。

May you succeed!

3.形式倒装句

(1)as和though引导的让步状语从句,可以将表语和状语置于句首,但主谓不倒装。

Try as/though she might,Sue couldn’t get the door open.

Tired as/though he is, he is still working. Child(不加冠词) as he is, he seems to know everything.

(2)however或no matter how修饰形容词或副词要前置,用以加强语气,

Whatever the boys says, his mother always thinks that he is right.

However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening.

(3)感叹句What an interesting talk they have! How interesting their talk was!

(4)the more...the more句型

The more you listen to the talk, the easier it becomes.

二、强调句

1.使用助动词do,does和did对谓语动词进行强调。

First impressions really do count.

2.运用强调句型来强调除谓语以外的其他句子成分。

强调句型的基本句型结构为:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语成分。被强调的成分举例:

原句:Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday.

强调主语:It was Tom who / that found my pen in the classroom yesterday.

强调宾语:It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom yesterday.

强调地点状语:It was in the classroom that Tom found my pen yesterday.

强调时间状语:It was yesterday that Tom found my pen in the classroom.

注意:(1)强调句型中的主谓一致

在强调句型中,当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时,无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数,主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式It is/was...,同时,that从句中的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。It is my parents that/who often help me get out of trouble.

(2)当对地点状语、时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时,只能用连接词that,而不能用when,where,why或how等。It was on August 8,2008 that 29th Summer Olympic Games were opened in Beijing.

(3)强调句型的一般疑问句

在强调句中,无论被强调部分是什么句子成分,变为一般疑问句时,都须将主句改为疑问语序,即将“It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他成分”改为“Is/Was it+被强调部分+that+其他成分?

Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?

(4)强调句型的特殊疑问式:

特殊疑问词+ is (was) it + that +句子的其他成分。特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分。例如:

Who was it that found your pen in the classroom yesterday? When was it that she changed her mind?

(5)在对not...until结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时,要将句中的not移至until 之前,构成:It is/was not until...that...。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式,而且不再采用倒装语序。

I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.

=It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

注意:1.强调句型与时间状语从句、定语从句的判断

强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。试比较:

It was on March 1 that I had my hair cut. (强调句)

It was March 1 when I had my hair cut. (后面是定语从句)

判断是否是强调句,可采用“还原法”。如果还原为一般句式后,句子各种成份完整,则是强调句。否则不是。

2.强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。

在强调句型结构中,其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was...保持一致。

It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter,isn’t it?

3.强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。

在高考试题中,为了增加试题的难度,命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来,使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子,理清结构“强调句型与定语从句”。

It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.

4.强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。

当用强调句型强调时间状语时,去掉“it is/was”和连词“that”原句仍然完整。而在时间状语从句中,若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before”,原句不完整。

It was at 14∶28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(强调句型)

It was 14∶28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.(状语从句)

三、省略

在语言运用中,尤其是在口语中,省略是常见的语言现象。

1、在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中,从句谓语动词中的should 可以省略。这些句子一般包含如下动词一及其派生词:一坚持(insist),二命令

(order, command/demand),三建议(suggest, advise, recommend, propose),四要求(demand, require, request, ask)

Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill and her parents suggested that she have a medical examination.

It is necessary (important/essential/vital; possible, impossible, necessary, strange, natural, a pity, no wonder) that...等主语从句中。

It is necessary that the problem be solved at once.

2、定语从句中的省略

(1)在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词that, which, who (whom)常可以省略。

The man I saw is called Tom. Where is the pen I bought this morning?

(2)关系副词when, where, why及that在the time when, the place where, the reason why, the way that 结构中引导限制性定语从句时,在非正式场合下,可以省略关系副词when, where, why和that等。

I shall never forget the day we first met.

The reason he came so early is his own affair. I don't like the way you speak to your mother.

3.状语从句中的省略(见状语从句)

(1)由when,while,if,as if,although/though,as,until,once,whether,unless,where等引导的状语从句中,如果其谓语为be,而主语与主句的主语相同时,状语从句中的主语是it,并且又含有be 动词时则从句的主语和be可省略。或从句的主语为it时,谓语为be,也可省略从句中的it和be。如:When (I am) in trouble,I always turn to my classmates for help.遇到麻烦时,我总是找同学帮忙。

If (it is) possible,this machine can be fixed at once.

可能的话,这台机器会立即修好。

(2)虚拟条件句中,含助动词、情态动词、动词be或have等,若将它们提到句首,则需省略if。Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit till next week.

(3)在as(so)... as..., than引导的比较状语从句中。

I know you can do better than Peter. This car doesn't run as fast as that one.

(4)在as引导的让步状语从句中,当作表语的单数名词提前时,不定冠词要省略。

Child as he is, he knows a lot.

2.不定式的省略

1)有些动词,如believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构to be + n./ adj. 中的to be可以省略。

I consider him stupid. His mother found him a clever boy.

2)感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役动词let, make, have后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to要省略,但变为被动结构时,to必须保留。

They made the boy go to bed early. (被动)The boy was made to go to bed early.

3) 动词不定式在expect,forget,decide, mean, intend, try,promise, like, love,care,want,hope,wish,expect ,prefer,refuse,wish等动词后作宾语时,为了避免重复,常承前省略不定式后的内容,但要保留不定式符号to。

I have asked her to come,but she does not want to.

注意:want,like用在when,if, what,as 引导的从句中,其后的to也常可省略。I've decided to do what I like.

I'll teach you if you like.

或放在表情绪的词后,代替被省略的动词,常见词有:be afraid,glad,happy,pleased等;但是,如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,则要保留be,have,have been。

I asked him to see the film,but he didn’t want to.

—Will you please look after my house when I’m away?—I’m glad to.

—Are you a sailor? —No.But I used to be.

4)在can not but, can not choose but, can do nothing but..., can't help but..., prefer to do rather than do..., would do... rather than... 之后的动词不定式一般不带to;but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done 而且其宾语是something,nothing,anything和everything等不定代词时,也不带to, 否则要带to。We have nothing to do now but wait.

I can not but admire his courage. He has no choice but to accept the fact.

5)在并列结构中为了避免重复,后一个to省略。I'm really puzzled what to think or say.

但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时,则后一个to不能省略。I came not to scold but to praise you.

6)在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。

Why talk so much about it? Why not try it again?

7)动词不定式与be able to,be going to,have to,ought to,used to等构成复合谓语时,不定式结构常可省略,但要保留不定式符号to。I don’t want to wait for him,but l have to.

—Why didn’t you come to our party?—I was going to,but l had a report to write.

8)动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略,主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词,为了避免重复,句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形,而保留不定式符号to。Don't go till I tell you to.

9)动词不定式在ask,warn,tell,advise,force,wish,expect,allow,permit , invite, persuade, order, would like, forbid等动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语时,常可省略。

You'd better give a performance if you are asked to.

He didn't come, though we had invited him to.

10)动词不定式在happy,glad,eager,anxious,willing,ready等形容词等后承前省略动词原形,只保留不定式符号to。

—Will you join me in a walk?—I'll be happy to.

注:承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be,则要保留be或have。

—Are you a doctor? —No, but I used to be.

Your work hasn’t been handed in,but it ought to have been.

3.常考的几个省略形式

if ever,if any,if not better/worse/taller...than等

4.并列句中的省略

并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时,后者的动词可以省略。如:

He is going to Hong Kong,but his brother (is going) to America.他要去香港,但是他的弟弟要去美国。

My room is on the third floor and his,on the fifth.

我的房间在三楼,他的在五楼。

四反意疑问句:

1、反意疑问句的结构形式:

反意疑问句提出情况或看法,问对方同不同意,这种问句都由两部分组成,前一部分用陈述句的形式,后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句,中间用逗号隔开,如前一部分为肯定形式,后一部分通常用否定形式,前一部分为否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式,两部分的时态要一致。

You are to go home via Hongkong, aren’t you?(肯定的陈述句+否定的反意疑问句)

They didn’t raise many questions at the press conference, did they?(否定的陈述句+肯定的反意疑问句)2、反意疑问句的答语

在回答反意疑问句时,应根据事实来回答,如果事实是肯定的,前面要用yes,否则用no, 在第一部分为否定句时要特别注意,这时英语回答和汉语回答是不一致的。

----You are not going out today, are you?----No, I am not.

你今天不出去,是吗?是的,我今天不出去。

(“不出去”属于否定的事实,所以在英语中应用“no”来表示此义,不要用“yes”来回答。)

注意:

1)、当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody等不定代词时,反意疑问句部分中的主语常用they (有时也可用he.)

Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didn’t they?

No one was hurt, was he?

2)、当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, nothing, something等表物的不定代词时,反意疑问部分的主语常用it.

Everything has been done on how to prevent the pollution, hasn’t it?

3)、当陈述部分的主语是one时,反意疑问部分的主语常用one或you。

One should study hard, shouldn’t one/ you?

4)、当陈述部分的主语是man(人类)时,反意疑问部分的主语常用he。

Man is the master of his own fate, isn’t he?

5)、当陈述部分是there be结构时,反意疑问部分用there,省略主语代词。

There used to be a shop, didn’t there?

6)、当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时,反意疑问部分的动词应用肯定形式。

Few people know him, do they?

Bob rarely got drunk, did he?

You have nothing else to say, have you?

7)、当陈述部分中含有im, in, dis, un等否定前缀或less等否定后缀时,应把陈述部分看成是肯定的,反意疑问部分要用否定式。

Your mothe r dislikes seeing you with me, doesn’t she?

He is unfamiliar with this type of computer, isn’t he?

8)、当陈述部分是I’m …结构时,反意疑问部分常用aren’t I I am late, aren’t I?

9)、当陈述部分是主从复合句时,反意疑问部分中的动词和主语代词通常应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。

If you don’t start early, you will be late, won’t you?

Peter believes that his dream will come true some day, doesn’t he?

10)、前面若有多个句子并列,则以最后一个句子为准;若前面部分为主从复合句,一般说来,以主句为准;当陈述部分的主句是I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I feel,I consider,I guess等结构时,反意疑问部分往往与从句保持一致,而且要注意否定转移。

I think he is a thief, isn’t he?I don’t think he can do it well, can he?

11)、当陈述部分含有have,而且have作“有”解时,反意疑问部分用have/has或借助助动词do, does, did 等来完成;如果陈述部分中的have是实义动词,则反意疑问部分应需借助助动词do, does, did等来完成。He hasn’t a lot of time to spare, has he?

He doesn’t have an English dic tionary, does he?

12)、当陈述部分的谓语动词包括have to, had to时,反意疑问部分通常用do的适当形式。

You had to take the early bus, didn’t you?We have to do it, don’t we?

13)、当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时,反意疑问部分可用used to形式或did形式。

He used to get up late, didn’t/ usedn’t he?

14)、当陈述部分是祈使句时,反意疑问部分常用will you.

Help me to do it, will you?Don’t go there, will you?

◆ Let’s 和Let us都表示“让我们”,但用法上不同。前者包括听话人,后者不包括听话人。正因如此,它们的反意疑问句的形式常常不同:

以Let’s 开头的祈使句,反意疑问部分常用shall we. Let’s go now, shall we?(我们去,你也去)

以Let us开头的祈使句,反意疑问部分常用will you. Let us go shopping, will you?(我们去,你不去)15)、当陈述句部分含had better/best, would like to, would rather等约定俗成特殊短语时,反意疑问部分应保留第一个词。

He had better do more speaking, hadn’t he?16)、当陈述句部分是强调句或类似强调句的结构时,反意疑问部分常和句首的It is/was保持一致。It is the first time that he has gone there, isn’t it?

17)、当陈述句部分为感叹句时,反意疑问句部分常用否定形式,且问句部分的动词常用be.

What a cold day, isn’t it?

18)、当陈述部分含有情态动词must, may, can’t, 且表示推测时,反意疑问部分不能用must, may, can’t 自身,应和后面的实义动词保持一致;

◆ must/ may/ can’t + do 表示对现在情况的推测,反意疑问部分用一般现在时。

He can’t be Mr. Chen, is he?(相当于I don’t think he is Mr. Chen.)

He must be very tired, isn’t he?(相当于:I believe he is very tired.)

◆ must/ may/ can’t + have done +过去时间状语,表示对过去情况的推测,反意疑问部分常用一般过去时。

You must have seen the film last week, didn’t you?

(相当于:I think you saw the film last week.)

It can’t have snowed last week, did it?(相当于:I don’t think it snowed last week.)

◆ must/ may/ can’t + have done , 反意疑问部分常用现在完成时。

You may have been to Tibet, haven’t you?(相当于:Maybe you have been to Tibet.)

He can’t have known the news, has he?(相当于:I don’t think he has known the news.)

You must have waited for a long time, haven’t you?

(相当于:I think you have waited for a long time.)

19)、当陈述部分含有情态动词mustn’t表示“禁止”时,反意疑问部分常用must.

You mustn’t walk on grass, must you?

20)、当陈述部分含有情态动词need, dare时,反意疑问部分有两种形式:作情态动词时保留自身;作实义动词时反意疑问句应借助于助动词do/does/did来完成。

He needs to start at once, doesn’t he?

She dare not go out alone at night, dare she?

21)、当陈述部分含有情态动词ought to时,反意疑问部分常用oughtn’t (有时也可用shouldn’t.)

The child ought to be punished, oughtn’t he?

22)前面是感叹句时,后面跟感叹句的主、谓一致,但用否定形式。

五、主谓一致

主谓一致有以下三条原则:

1)语法一致原则,即在语法形式上取得一致。例如,主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式。

例如:The students are very young.This picture looks beautiful.

2)意义一致原则,即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如,主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数,谓语动词也采取复数形式;而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数,谓语动词也采取单数形式。

1.The people in that country are fighting for independence.

2.The crowd deeply respect their leader.

3.Three years in a strange land seems a long time.

3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。例如:

Neither he nor I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy.

2.主谓一致的用法

根据以上三条原则,主谓一致有如下用法:

1)下列结构作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式

a.表示时间、重量、长度、价值的名词作主语,谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如:

1.Two hundred miles is a long distance.

2.Ten dollars is a high price for that book.

b.由anyone,anything,anybody,no one,nothing,everyone,everybody,everything,someone,somebody,each,either,neither等不定代词作主语,谓语动词使用单数形式。例如:

1.Someone is knocking at the door.

2.Anything is better than going to the movie tonight.

c.由“a series of,a kind of,a portion of +名词”作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式。例如:

A series of debates is scheduled to be held next week.

d.由“many a,more than one +单数名词”作主语,尽管意义上表示复数,但谓语动词仍采用单数形式。

Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break.

There is more than one answer to your question.

e.“名词+and+名词”作主语,表示同一人、同一概念或事物时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

A writer and educator is giving a lecture now.(这个人既是作家又是教育家)

f."either (neither) + of +复数名词(或代词)"作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

1.If either of you takes a vacation now,we will not be able to finish the work.

2.Neither of them wants to come.

g.在each…and each…,every…and every…等结构之后,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

Each man and each woman has the right to vote.

h.动词不定式、动名词或分句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如:

What I want to say is none of your business.Listening to the classical music is enjoyable.

i.以-ics结尾的复数名词指一门学科时,如politics(政治学),mathematics(数学),statistics(统计学),acoustics(声学),linguistics(语言学)等,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

Mathematics is what he majors in.

2)下列结构作主语,谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词。

a.由“a11,none,no,most,half,the last,the rest,the remainder+of+名词”等不定代词作主语,谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。例如:

None of the food is wasted.None of the students were absent.

The rest of the lecture was dull.The rest of the bikes were on sale yesterday.

b.由"lots of,heaps of,loads Of,scads of +名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。例如:

Lots of work is to be done this week. Lots of people are going to swim this afternoon.

There is loads of milk on the farm.There are loads of big red apples on the ground.

There is heaps of fun.

c.由“分数或百分数十of +名词或代词”作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后名词或代词的单复数形式。例如:

Three-quarters of the area is cultivated. Ninety percent of the students have passed the exam.

3)下列结构作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式根据意义而定。

a.由“the+形容词” 这种结构作主语,根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果表示一类人(如the rich,the poor,the blind,the deaf,the sick,the young,the old),谓语动词用复数形式;如果表示个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

The blind are taught trades in special schools.(表示一类人)

The good in him overweighs the bad.(表示抽象概念)

The departed was a good friend of his.(表示个人)

b.family,crowd,committee,class,audience,group,government,team,public,majority,minority 等集合名词作主语,谓语动词单复数形式应根据意义而定。例如:

The family like to listen to the music.(the family指这家人,用作复数)

The family is small.(the family指这个家庭,用作单数)

The committee has considered your proposal.(the committee指委员会,用作单数)

The committee were arguing for an hour before they gave their votes.(the committee指委员会的委员们,用作复数)

下列结构作主语,谓语动词一般单复数均可。

a.以数词为名词词组中心词作主语时,谓语动词一般单复数均可。例如:

Five and six make/makes eleven.Seven times ten are seventy.

但是:Twenty from thirty leaves ten.Six sevens are forty-two.

b.由"one in/out of +名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数均可。例如:

One in ten were/was present.

下列结构作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。

由and或both…and连接两个单数形式的名词词组作主语时,一般谓语动词用复数形式。例如:

A girl and a boy want to go.Both rice and wheat are grown in that country.

6)下列结构作主语,谓语动词单复数形式视具体情况而定。a.由as well as,in addition to, together with,along with,with, besides, but,except,apart from/aside from, accompanied by,like,rather than,including连接两个名词作主语,谓语单复数形式应由连接词前的名词而定。例如:

The president of the college,together with the deans,is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.

The young mother with her two children is coming now.

The plant manager,like many technicians,is experienced in designing new products.

b.“名词+of+名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数形式跟of前的名词一致。例如:

The picture of the children brings back many memories of my past experiences.

The effects of cigarette smoking have been proved to be extremely harmful.

c.由not only…but also,either…or,neither…nor或or连接的并列主语,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词的单复数形式由最接近它的名词词组的单复数形式决定。例如:

He or you have taken my pen.Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.

One or two days are enough to visit the city.

d.there be句型中的谓语动词单复数形式一般取决于其后的真正主语的单复数形式。例如:

There is a garden in front of the house.

六、祈使句:祈使句的主语是you,但一般被省略;当前面有呼语时,一般得补出主语you;否定式一般是在前面加Don’t。

在“祈使句,+and/or/and then+句子”句型中,当祈使句中含有比较级时,可将祈使句中的谓语部分省略,只留下“比较级或比较级与名词,+and/or/and then+句子”。

七、感叹句:句型:what +a(n)+adj +n.+主语+be!;How +adj/adv.+主语+动词!

八、There be句型:注意:1.There used/seem/happen/appear to be

如:There might be snow at night.晚上可能有雪。

There appeared to be nobody willing to help.看来没人愿意帮忙。

There used to be a building here.过去这儿有一座楼房。

There happened to be a man walking by.碰巧有个人在此经过。

There doesn't seem to be much hope.好象没有太大的希望。

2 在there be的be 前还可以加上各种情态词,

如:There must be something wrong.一定有问题。There ought not to be so many people.不应该有这么多的人。There might still be hope .可能还有点希望。

3 在there be句型中的be还可以换成其他的动词与there连用,这些词都是表示状态的如:live stand exist remain等或用来描写某事的发生或某人的到达如come, appear, enter, follow, occur等。

There lived a rich man.这以前住着一个富翁。Then there came a knock at the door.然后有人敲门。Long, long ago, there lived a king.很久很久以前,有一个国王。There followed a terrible noise.然后是传来了可怕的声音。Suddenly there entered a strange man.突然进来了一个奇怪的人。

特殊的表达方式:1)There is no sense in doing 做某事是没有用的,没有意义的

There is no sense in making him angry.跟他生气是没有用的。There in no sense in going alone. 一个人去是没有好处的。

2 )There is no use /good doing 做某事是没有用的,没有必要的There is no use trying to explain it.解释是没有必要的。There is no good/use going there. 去那儿是没有好处的。

3 )There is no need to do 没有必要做某事There is no need to worry. 没有必要担心。

There is no need to give him so much money. 根本没有必要给他那么多的钱。

4.)There is thought/said/reported to be 人们认为有/据说有/据报道有There is thought to be an army between in these two countries。人们认为在这两国之间有一场战争。There is reported to be a better way to cure cancer. 据报道,找到了一种更好的治疗癌症的方法。

5 )There is no doing(口语)不可能……. There is no telling when he will be back.无法知道他什么时候回来。There is no knowing what he is doing. 无法知道他在做什么。

走进高考:

1. (2013北京卷)23. The famous musician, as well as his students, ____ to perform at the opening

ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.

A. were invited

B. was invited

C. have been invited

D. has been invited

2.(2013福建卷)22. Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs ______ you could have problems.

A. or

B. and

C. but

D. so

3. (2013福建卷)3

4. N ot until he went through real hardship _____the love we have for our families is important.

A. had he realized

B. did he realize

C. he realized

D. he had realized

4. (2013江苏卷)21. Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ______

essential to their development.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

5. (2013江苏卷)31. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ______ to ruins, the city took on

a new look.

A. reducing

B. reduced

C. being reduced

D. having reduced

6.(2013江西卷)25. Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ____to him again.

A. I will speak

B. will I speak

C. do I speak

D. I speak

7.(2013江西卷)34. If _____ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.

A. asked

B. to ask

C. asking

D. having asked

8. (2013湖南卷)30.Every day ________ a proverb aloud several times until you have it mem orized.

A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads

9.(2013语湖南卷)33.The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8,450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them.

A.are;is B.are,are C.is,are D.is,is

10. (2013湖南卷)35.Not once ________ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class. A.occurred it B.it did occur C.it occurred D.did it occur

11.(2013辽宁卷)26. At no time _____ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.

A. they actually broke

B. do they actually break

C. did they actually break

D. they had actually broken

12.(2013上海卷)39. Among the crises that face humans ______ the lack of natural resources.

A. is

B. are

C. is there

D. are there

13.(2013四川卷)4. Read this story, ______ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.

A. or

B. and

C. but

D. so

14.(2013天津卷)11. It was not until near the end of the letter ______ she mentioned her own plan.

A. that

B. where

C. why

D. when

15.(2013全国卷Ⅱ)3. I was glad to meet Jenny again, ______ I didn't want to spend all day with he r.

A. but

B. and

C.so

D. or

16.(2013全国卷Ⅱ)10. It was only after he had read the papers ______ Mr. Gross realized the task before

him was extremely difficult to complete.

A when B. that C. which D. what

17. (2013全国卷Ⅱ)12. Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent ______ properly in this hospital.

A. can be the patients

B. can the patients be treated

C. the patients can be treated

D. treated can be the patients

18. (2013浙江卷)19. There are some health problems that, when ______ in time, can become bigger ones later on. A. not tre ated B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not have been treated

19.(2013重庆卷)23.It's not easy to change habits, ______ with awareness and self-control, it is possible.

A. for

B. or

C. but

D. so

20.(2013高考英语重庆卷)27. It was with the help of the local guide ______ the mountain climber was rescued. A. who B. that C. when D. How

21.【2012浙江卷,19】 Had they known what was coming next, they______ second thoughts.

A. may have

B. could have

C. must have had

D. might have had 22.【2012江苏卷,25】 There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, ______ ?

A. is there

B. isn't there

C. is he

D. isn't he

23.【2012山东卷,31】—I don’t know about you, but I’m sick and tired of this weather.

—_________. I can’t stand all this rain.

A. I don’t care

B. It’s hard to say

C. So am I

D. I hope not

24.【2012全国新课程,34】You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you.

A. so

B. or

C. and

D. but

25.【2012湖南卷,30】It was not until I came here ____ I realized this place was famous, for not only its beauty but also its weather. A. who B. that C. where D. before

26.【2012重庆卷,33】The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor______ it a thought.

A. does he even given

B. he even gives

C. will he even give

D. he will even given

27.【2012辽宁卷,32】Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ____ having a holiday abroad.

A. he had considered

B. had he considered

C. he considered

D. did he consider

28.【2012四川卷,4】At school, some students are active ______ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another. A. while B. although C. so D. as

29.【2012四川卷,5】This is not my story, nor ______ the whole story. My story plays out differently.

A. is there

B. there is

C. is it

D. it is

30.【2011重庆卷32】—Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?

— Of course, I have. It was in our village _______ it was made.

A. that

B. where

C. when

D. which

31.【2011湖南卷35】It’s not what we do once in a while ______ shapes our lives, but what we d o consistently

A .which B. that C. how D. when

32.【2011全国卷II13】Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and ______ .

A. n either won’t Tom

B. Tom won’t either

C. Tom will too

D. so will Tom

33.【2011江苏卷33】It sou nds like something is wrong with the car’s engine._______ , we’d better take it to the garage immediately. A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so

34.【2011辽宁卷33】_____ a strange plant! I've never seen it before.

A. Which

B. What

C. How

D. Whether

35.【2011上海卷30】It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, _______?

A. doesn’t it

B. does it

C. don’t they

D. do they

36.【10浙江】The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _______ regularly, can improve our health.

A. being carried out

B. carrying out

C. carried out

D. to carry out

37.【10江西】Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.

A did he begin

B had he begun

C he began

D he had begun

38.【09湖南】You and I could hardly work together, ______ ?

A. could you

B. couldn’t I

C. couldn’t we

D. could we

39.【09江西】According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _________ a woman. A. than B. such C. so D. as

40.【08福建】—Who should be responsible for the accident?

—The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order .

A. as told

B. as are told

C. as telling

D. as they told

41.【08辽宁】Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ______.

A. I was neither

B. neither was I

C. I was either

D. either was I

实战演练

42. — As a teenager, our son should have two or three hobbies to be really happy.

一__________, but how can he afford the time with so much homework every day?

A. So does he

B. So he does

C. So should he

D. So he should

43. To many basketball fans, nobody but Kobe Bryant and Lebron James ___________ the best in NBA

although Kevin Durant, together with Jeremy Lin and many other players, _______ also performing very well.

A. is; is

B. is; are

C. are; is

D. are; are

44. Such an inspiring speech ________at the graduation ceremony that every one of us was deeply moved

and strongly encouraged.

A. did he make

B. he made

C. had he made

D. he had made

45. ____ he graduated from high school did the boy realize that he had misunderstood his teacher's kindness.

A. Not u ntil

B. Until

C. It was not until

D. it was until

46. It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do ____benefits our work most.

A .what B. how C. that D. which

47.Max is always on time for everything.Never to the office after 9:00 in the morning.

A.has he got B.he had got C.he has got D.had he got

48. It is the picture hanging by my bed often calls up the sweet memories of my school life.

A.where B.when C.which D.that

49. Not until the woman was out of work again two months ago ________ going to attend a training class.

A. had she considered

B. did she c onsider

C. she considered

D. she had considered

50. Not until the Internet that the Chinese sailors were rescued by the European Union

Task Force.

A.did I surf; did I know B.did I surf; I knew C.I surfed; did I know D.I surfed; I had known 51. with his slippers on when he heard the terrible noise.

A.0ut did the boy rus h B.Out rushed the boy C.Out the boy rushed D.Rushed the boy out 52. When residents learned on Wednesday that only one of the 13 workers trapped underground________,they burst into tears.

A. was survived

B. would survive

C. have survived

D. had survived

53. Bill wasn't happy about Peter’s absence and_________.

A. I was either

B. neither was I

C. so was I

D. I was too

54. New technology was used in teaching. As a result, not only ________, but students became moreinterested in lessons.

A. saved was teache rs’ energy

B. was teachers’ energy saved

C. teacher s’ energy was saved

D. was saved teachers’ energy

55.-Why didn’t Tom give you one of his paintings?

-I didn’t want one,but he would have give n me one if I

A.did B.would C.had D.will

56. Next door to ours _____, who used to be the headmaster in our school.

A. where lives an old man

B. where an old man lives

C. lives an old man

D. does an old man live

57. It is either he or you _________in charge of the project and supposed to finish it pun ctually. A. who is

B. that is

C. who are

D. which are

58. It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine.______ , we’d better take it to the garage immediately.

A.Otherwise B.If not C.But for that D.If so

59. _____ read newspapers for pleasure, but also to improve their minds.

A. Not only old men

B. Not only old men do

C. Not only do old men

D. Old men not only do

60.Only when I left my parents for Italy, ________how much I loved them.

A. I realized

B. I had realized

C. had I realized

D. did I realize

61. ______ how mirrors produce image, we need to know what light does.

A. Understanding

B. Understood

C. To understand

D. Having understood

62. It is always those _____ forgive first _______ achieve more happiness.

A. 不填; and

B. who; and

C. who; that

D. that; but

63.—How many students will attend James’ course?

—I suppose there will be not more than ten, ________ , for it is too abstract.

A.if so B.if possible C.if any D.if ever

64. ________, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.

A. Although much he like her

B. Much although he likes her

C. As he likes her much

D. Much as he likes her

65.--- Nice to meet you. You can call me Sarah.

--- Oh, ________ ! My name is Sarah, too. We have the same name.

A.what a shame B.what a small world C.what a joke D.what a coincidence

66. A poet and artist _____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow

afternoon.(江苏2006)

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

67. On no account _______ tell him about our plans.

A. you must

B. you can

C. can you

D. must you

68. You'd rather watch TV this evening, ______?

A. isn't it

B. hadn't you

C. wouldn't you

D. won't you

69. We were told not to touch the equipment in the laboratory unless ________.

A. allowed to do

B. allowing to do

C. allowed to

D. allowing to

70. —Did you go to the show last night?

—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ______ invited. (陕西2008)

A. were

B. have been

C. has been

D. was

71. In my opinion, learning is life long and the more knowledge you get_______.

A. the more for life are you equipped

B. the more equipped for life you are

C. the more life you are equipped for

D. you are equipped the more life

72. The latest edition of Harry Potter is as attractive as the previous editions. _______ , it is more thrilling.

A.If anything B.If something C.If necessary D.If so

73. If not _______, you’re allowed to return everything within 10 days for a full refund and no further duties.

A. to satisfy

B. being satisfied

C. satisfied

D. satisfying

74.—Do you know ____ the 2011 Xiamen International Marathon was held?

—On January 2. A.when it was that B.when was it that C.what it was that D.what was it that

75. It is the best play I have ever seen, and never before _______ a film of so high quality.

A. I saw

B. have I seen

C. did I see

D. I have seen

76. _______ up , the young man found himself covered with a red blanket.

A. Wake

B. Waking

C. Wakes

D. woke

77. -----Peter,you _______ the window quickly , will you?

-----Ok!Ok!The window_______ broken.

A.shut,is

B.will shut,has been

C.are shutting

D.have shut,has

78.I wish to shake hands with you, ______?

A. shall

B. may I

C. do I

D. will I

79.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do ______ benefits our work most. A.who B.which C.that D.what

80.Three hours ought to be enough time, ______?

A. oughtn't three hours

B. didn't they

C. shouldn't it

D. shouldn't three hours

81、Was it on a lonely island ______he was saved one month after the boat went famous.

A.where B.that C.which D.what

82、It was______ he came bank from Africa that year ______ he met the girl he would like to marry.

A. when; then

B. not; until

C. not until; that

D. only; when

83、If you have a job,______yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.

A.do devote B.don't devote C.devoting D.not devoting

84、John opened the door . There ______ he had never seen before.

A. a girl did stand

B. a girl stood

C. did a girl stand

D. stood a girl

85. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China. A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie

86.Unsatisfied ______ with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.

A. though was he

B. though he was

C. he was though

D. was he though

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A、聚之咸阳 B、将军战河北,臣战河南 C、然力足以至焉,于人为可讥,而在已为有悔 D、戍卒叫,函谷举。 8、下列句式不同的一项是() A、如今人方为刀俎,我为鱼肉。 B、今所谓慧空禅院者,褒之庐冢也。 C、颁白者不负戴于道路矣。 D、是社稷之臣也。 9、下列句式不同的一项是() A、是何异于刺人而杀之 B、然而不王者,未之有也。 C、君子博学而日参省乎己 D、唐浮图慧褒始舍于其址 10、与例句句式相同的一项是() 例:此非曹孟德之诗乎? A、令人望其气,皆为龙虎。 B、而又何羡乎?而今安在哉? C、吾属今为之虏矣! D、徘徊于斗牛之间 11、与例句句式相同的一项是() 例:妪,先大母婢也。 A、其闻道也亦先乎吾 B、陈涉,瓮牖绳枢之子,甿隶之人,而迁徒也。 C、大王来何操? D、余威震于殊俗 12、与例句句式相同的一项是() 例:凌万顷之茫然 A、铸以为金人十二 B、楚左尹项伯者,项羽季父也。 C、因利乘便,宰割天下,分裂山河 D、以为桂林、象郡 13、与例句句式相同的一项是() 例:苏子与客泛舟游于赤壁之下。 A、所谓华阳洞者,以其在华山之阳名之也。 B、将军战河北,臣战河南 C、金城千里 D、古人之观于天地山川草木虫鱼鸟兽 14、下列句式不同的一项是() A、而耻学于师 B、冰,水为之,而寒于水 C、渺渺兮于怀 D、冉有、季路见于孔子 15、下列句式不属于判断句的一项是() A、族秦者,秦也,非天下也。 B、竖子不足与谋 C、今言华,如华实之华者,盖音谬也。 D、此所以学者不可以不深思而慎取之也。 16、选出下列句中不含定语后置的一项() A、疆土之新辟者,移种民以居之。 B、村中少年好事者驯养一虫。 C、今战士还者及关羽水军精甲万人。 D、贤于己者,忌之而不愿问焉。

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感叹句:带有快乐、惊讶、厌恶等浓厚感情的句子,句末用感叹号。 如:我们的生活多幸福啊! (二)改变句式 【备考点】 同一个意思可以米取多种形式进行表达。表达样式不一样,语言效果也不一样。变换句式,就是把一个句子改变为另一个句子,意思不变。常见的有: 1、把字句、被字句、陈述句的互换; 2、肯定句、双重否定句的互换; 3、陈述句、反问句、感叹句的互换; 4、直接引用和转述句互换。 【应考点】 (一)、把字句、被字句、陈述句的互换。 “把”字句:用“把”字将动作和对象提到动作前面,并在动作前面加上“把”字的句型。 “被”字句:将接受动作的对象提到动作发生者的前面,并在动作发生者的前面加上一个“被”字的表被动的句子类型。 “把”字句、“被”字句、陈述句有密切的关系,可以互相转换,但意思不能改变。 【链接考题】 他紧紧地握住了老人的手。(变为被字句、把字句) (分析)变被字句时,主语与宾语调换位置后加“被”字,变“把” 字句

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文言文特殊句式练习题(教师用) [作者:佚名转贴自:本站原创点击数:4377 更新时间:2009-10-15 文 章录入:admin] 文言文特殊句式练习题(教师用) 一.根据要求完成以下习题: 1、“乃”表示判断的一项是 A、今君乃亡赵走燕 B、嬴乃夷门抱关者 C、旬乃还第 D、而陋者乃斧斤考击而求之 [答案]B 2、“是”表判断的一项是 A是天下之大贼也B是胜之舍人也 C是吾剑之所从坠D不知木兰是女郎 [答案]D 3、“则”表示判断的一项是 A、如此则荆吴之势强 B、故木受绳则直 C、此则岳阳楼之大观也 D、位卑则足羞 [答案]C 4、“即”表示判断的一项是 A、梁父即楚将项燕 B、哙即带剑拥盾入军门 C、郡之贤士大夫请于当道,即除魏阉废祠之址以葬之 D、若即若离 [答案]A 二、请翻译下列判断句,并指出它的形式。 5.灭六国者,六国也。 [答案]灭亡六国的是六国自己。形式:……者,……也。 6、人方为刀俎,我为鱼肉(《鸿门宴》) [答案]现在别人是刀和砧板,我们是鱼和肉。形式:用“为”表示判断。 7、此则岳阳楼之大观也。 [答案]这就是岳阳楼雄伟的景象。形式:用“则”表示肯定判断。

8、环滁皆山也。 [答案]环绕滁州的都是山。形式:用“皆”表示判断。 9、此非孟德之困于周郎者乎? [答案]这不是曹孟德被周郎围困的地方吗?形式:用“非”表示否定判断。 10、选出下列各组中不是被动句的一项 A败秦师于崤B恐为操所先 C君子寡欲则不役于物D嬴闻如姬父为人所杀 [答案]A 11A同舍生皆被绮绣B而为秦人积威之所劫 C盖当蓼州周公之被逮D受制于人 [答案]A 12翻译下列句子,并指出被动的标志。 1、子急去,勿留!且为楚所得。(2004上海高考题) [答案]您赶快离开,不要留下来!(否则),您会被楚国抓住。 13阅读下面句子,找出句式不同的一句是(D ) A.虽董之以严刑,振之以威怒 B.不拘于时,学于余 C.青出于蓝而胜于蓝 D.苟得闻子大夫之言,何后之有 14从句式看将以下各句分类正确的一项是(A)。 1.甚矣,汝之不惠 2.请其矢,盛以锦囊 3.一夫作难而七庙隳 4.梁,吾仇也 5.身死国灭,为天下笑 6.其势弱于秦 7.痛哉斯言 8.其两股相比者,各隐卷底衣褶中9.何以谓之文也 A.1、7/2、6/3、5/4/8/9 B.1、4/2、3/5、6/7/8/9 C.1、2/3、4/5、8/6/7/9、10 D.1/2、3、4/6/7/8/9 15、下面的句子句式两两相同的是 A 和C ,B 和D 。

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三年级各种句式训练 Revised by BETTY on December 25,2020

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2.我看完了《水浒传》。 3.妈妈带我到姐姐家去过节。 4.儿子拎过妈妈手中的水桶。 例:灰雀在枝头歌唱,惹人喜爱。灰雀在枝头欢蹦乱跳地歌唱,非常惹人喜爱。 5.小鸟在天上飞来飞去。 6.大熊猫在吃竹叶。 例:你难道没看见过一只深红色胸脯的灰雀吗? 你看见过一只深红色胸脯的灰雀。 7.这个男孩子难道不诚实吗 8.你怎能不了解石头书的特点呢 例:大石头把他的身影遮得严严实实的。 他的身影被大石头遮得严严实实。 9.乌云把太阳遮住了。 例:这块巨石立在草地上。这块巨石(孤零零地)立在草地上。 10.它并没有把草地砸一个大坑。 11.列宁发现灰雀不见了。 12.小鸟在枝头歌唱。 例。他喜欢玩游戏。他喜欢和小伙伴们一起玩捉迷藏的游戏。 13.树上有一只灰雀。 14.花儿散发出香味。 15.马路上有汽车。 一、修改病句。 1.星期天,在家里画了一幅画。 2.夕阳被湖面照得一片金黄。 3.服务员热腾腾的送来两杯茶。 4.他发明在长江流域有大量第四纪冰川活动的遗迹。 5.这块巨石孤零零的立在。 6.李四光回到家乡,考验了这块大石头。

最新 特殊句式练习题(含答案)

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