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2018年考研英语二模拟试卷2与答案

英语（二）模拟试题

Secti on I Use of En glish

Directions:

Read the follow ing text. Choose the best word(s) for each nu mbered bla nk and mark A, B, C

or D on ANSWER SHEET . (10 poi nts)

Facebook has been 1 with fire and has got its fin gers bur ned, aga in. On November 29th

America ' Federal Trade Commissi on (FTC) announced that it had reached a 2 settleme nt with the gia nt social n etwork over 3 that it had misled people about its use of their pers onal

data.

The details of the settleme nt make clear that Facebook, which 4 over 800m users, betrayed its users ' trust. It is also no table because it appears to be part of a broader 5 by the FTC to craft a new privacy framework to deal with the rapid 6 of social n etworks in America.

The regulator ' s findings come at 7 moment for Facebook, which is said to be preparing for an initial public offering next year that could value it at around $100 billion. To 8 the way for

its list ing, the firm first n eeds to resolve its privacy 9 with regulators in America and Europe. 10_its willi ngn ess to n egotiate the settleme nt 11 this week.

Announcing the agreement, the FTC said it had found a number of cases where Facebook had made claims that were “ unfairand deceptive, and 12 federal law ” For instanee, it _13 pers on ally ide ntifiable in formatio n to advertisers, and it failed to keep a promise to make photos and videos on deleted acco unts 14 .

The settleme nt does not 15 a n admissi on by Facebook that it has broke n the law, but it deeply

16_the company nonetheless. In a blog post published the same day, Mark Zuckerberg,

Facebook ' s boss, tried to17 the impact of the deal. First he claimed that “ a small number of high- pro ” were 18 the social network ' s “ good history ” on privacy.

The FTC is not relying on Facebook to police itself. Among other things, the company will now

have to seek consumers ' approval before it changes the way it shares their data. And it has agreed to an in depe ndent privacy audit every two years for the next 20 years.

There is a clear patter n here .In separate cases over the past couple of years the FTC has in sisted that Twitter and Google accept regular 19 audits, too, after each firm was accused of violat ing its customers ' privacy. The intent seems to be to create a regulatory regthnet is tighter than the status quo, 20 one that still gives social networks plenty of room to innovate.

1. [A] sett ing [B] playi ng [C] light ing [D] turni ng

2. [A] craft [B] docume ntary [C] trade [D] draft

3. [A] verdicts [B] allegati ons [C] rumors [D] affirmati on

4. [A] boasts [B] exaggerates [C] estimates [D] assesses

5. [A] impulse [B] in itiative [C] inno vati on [D] motion

6. [A] in crease [B] elevation [C] rise [D] appeara

nee

7. [A] in dispe nsable [B] esse ntial [C] critical [D] fun dame

ntal

8. [A] steer [B] clear [C] lay [D] remove

9. [A] con troversy [B] competiti on [C] dispute [D] compromise

10. [A] despite

11. [A] un veiled

12. [A] violated

13. [A] in formed

14. [A] available

15. [A] con

stitute

16. [A] in volves

17.

[A] turn dow n

19. [A] expert

20. [A] a nd [B] give n [B] discovered [B] assaulted [B] en trust [B] retrievable [B] corresp ond [B] strikes [B] cut down [B] overlook ing [B] external [B] but [C] although [C] exposed [C] resisted [C] imparted [C] reversible [C] confirm [C] embarrasse s [C] play dow n [C] overtak ing [C] formal [C] thus [D] hence [D] revealed [D] betrayed [D] con fided [D] in accessible [D] con ceive [D] attacks [D] bring dow n [D] overthrow ing [D] automatic [D] despite

Secti on II Readi ng Comprehe nsion

Part A

Directio ns :

Read the follow ing four passages. An swer the questi ons below each text by choos ing A, B, C,

or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET .(40 points)

Text 1

Most America n movies are produced in Hollywood,Califor ni a.Hollywood,which is actually not a

separate city but a part of Los An geles,is an ideal spot for the movie in dustry.The sun shi nes most

of the time,and the climate is mild.Almost every kind of natural scenery is within a few hours'drive.

Hollywood becomes the center of national attention one evening a year — Academy Award ni

ght. At the Academy Award prese ntati on held each spri ng, statuettes called Oscars are give n to

film in dustry winners in doze ns of categories, in cludi ng best actor, best actress, and best picture.

The wi nners are chose n by members of the in dustry before the ceremony, but their n ames are kept

secret un til prese ntati on ni ght, whe n they are announced in a long, n ati on ally televised program.

Motion pictures were extremely popular in the United States after World War II,when televisi on

captured much of the movie audie nce.Geared to the masses, Hollywood movies offered much the

same type of en terta inment as televisi on does. With free en terta inment in their homes, many

America ns simply stopped going to movies. Betwee n 1946 and 1956, movie atte ndance was cut in half. At the same time, product ion costs zoomed. The movie in dustry was in trouble.

The in dustry adjusted itself in a nu mber of ways. Movie compa nies ren ted sound stages to TV

compa nies and sold old movies to TV. To cut costs, Hollywood produced fewer movies and filmed

many of them overseas. To lure audie nces, the in dustry in vested in new len ses,wider scree ns,a

nd stereoph onic sound. Studios also bega n produci ng kinds of en terta inment that could not be

offered by TV-films with con troversial or shock ing themes, films with huge casts and lavish sett in

gs. As a result of these cha nges, today the America n moti on picture in dustry is thrivi ng.

21. W hat makes Hollywood a great place for America n movie in dustry accord ing to the passage?

[A] A famous part of Los An geles

[B] Favorable n atural and traffic con diti ons

18. [A] overshadow

ing

[C] Natural scenery with mild climate and the shi ning sun

[D] A great in dustrial base of America n

22. Which one about Oscars is correct accord ing to the passage?

[A] It is the n ame of a great film figure

[B] It is give n to World Academy Award in America each year

[C] It is a yearly honor to winners in movie industry

[D] It doesn 'produce until Academy Award night in each spring

23. Why did many America ns like en terta ining in homes in stead of going to cin ema after World War II?

[A] Because the quality of film was beco ming worse and worse

[B] Because Hollywood movies could n 'offer en terta inment similar to televisi on

[C] Because the movie in dustry was in trouble for expe nsive product ion cost

[D] Because TV's popularity made them enjoy without pay ing

24. What does the word Zoomed" (in the last sentence of the third paragraph) mean?

[A] Moved along very quickly

[B] Rose upward into the air

[C] In creased high in price

[D] Moved with a low hummi ng no ise

25. The movie in dustry tried many methods to lure audie nces except _______ .

[A] buildi ng commercial relati on ship with TV compa nies

[B] improvi ng its basic equipme nt

[C] produci ng films with famous stars in low cost

[D] offeri ng types of en terta inment differe nt from TV

Text2

The Arctic Ocean has given up tens of thousands more square kilometers of ice in a relentless summer of melt,with scientists watching through satellite eyes for a possible record low polar ice cap.

From the barre n Arctic shore of a village in Can ada 's far no rthwest,vetera n observer Eddie Grube n has see n the summer ice retreating more each decade as the world has warmed.By this weeke nd the ice edge lay 128 kilometers at sea,but forty years ago,it was 64 kilometers out.Global average temperatures rose 1 degree Fahrenheit in the past century,but Arctic temperatures rose twice as much or even faster,almost certainly in large part because of manmade greenhouse gases,researchers say.ln late July the mercury soared to almost 86 degrees Fahrenheit in this settleme nt of 900 Arctic Eskimos.

As of Thursday,the U.S. National Snow and Ice Date Center reported,the polar ice cap extended over 6.75 million square kilometers after having shrunk an average 106,000 square kilometers a day in July —equivale nt to one In dia na or three Belgiums daily.The rate of melt was similar to that of July 2007,the year whe n the ice cap dwin dled to a record minimum exte nt of 4.3 million square kilometers in September.In its latest analysis,NSIDC said Arctic atmospheric conditions this summer have been similar to those of the summer of 2007,including a high-pressure ridge that produced clear skies and strong melt in the Beaufort Sea,the arm of the Arctic Ocea n off no rther n Alaska and n orthwester n Can ada.

Scientists say the makeup of the frozen polar sea has shifted significantly the past few

years,as thick multiyear ice has given way as the Arctic 's dominant form to thin ice that comes and goes with each winter and summer.The past few years have “signaled a fundamental change in the character of the ice and the Arctic climate, ”Meier said.Ironically,the summer melts since 2007 appear to have allowed disintegrating but still thick multiyear ice to drift this year into the relatively narrow channels of the Northwest https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3b13158211.html,ually,impassable channels had been relatively ice-free the past two summers.

Observation satellites'remote sensors will tell researchers in September whether the polar cap diminished this summer to its smallest size on record.Then the sun will begin to slip below the horizon for several months,and temperatures plunging in the polar darkness will freeze the surface of the sea again,leaving this and other Arctic coastlines in the grip of ice.Most of the sea ice will be new,thinner and weaker annual formations,however.

At a global conference last March in Copenhagen,scientists declared that climate change is occurring faster than had been anticipated,citing the fast-dying Arctic cap as one example.A month later,the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration predicted Arctic summers could be almost ice-free within 30 years,not at the century 'send earlier predicted.

26. _________________________________________________________ The word

“retreating”(Line2,Paragraph2)most probably means __________________ .

[A] withdrawing [B] moving back

[C] melting [D] treating again

27. ____________________________________________ We may infer from Paragraph 2 and 3 that .

[A] rising Arctic temperatures result completely from manmade greenhouse gases

[B] the summer ice edge was 192 kilometers at sea 40 years ago

[C] the polar ice cap was over 6.87million square kilometers in July

[D] the ice cap reduced to a record low minimum extent in July

28. __________________________________________ We may know that summer melts made .

[A] some impassable channels covered by ice

[B] no contribution to the makeup change of polar ice

[C] thin ice become multiyear ice

[D] the world climate change its character

29. ____________________________________________ We learn from the last two paragraphs that .

[A] scientists predicted future climate changes accurately

[B] the polar cap diminished this summer to its smallest size on record

[C] the future ice may be annually formed thinness

[D] Arctic summers couldn 'tbe ice-free until next century

30. W hich of the following is the best title for this text?

[A] Arctic ice lowers to its smallest size

[B] Arctic ice disappears under summer sun

[C] Why Arctic ice disappears soon

[D] Arctic ice closely relates to climate changes

Text3

The classic American identity theft scam works like this:the thief convinces some bank or credit card company he's actually you and borrows God knows how many dollars in your name.Once you discover and report this,you 're not liable for money the bank lost,but neither are you entitled to compensation for the time and effort you spend straightening the matter out.Bear in mind that when I say “the thief convinces the bank he's you”,I'm not talking about a brilliant actor and master of disguise who imitates your voice and mannerisms well enough to fool your own mother.No,all that 's necessary

to fool a bank is your birth date and US social security number,or just discarded credit card offer taken from your bin.

Why are lenders so careless with their money?The snarky answer is:because they know taxpayers will bail them out. But identity theft was a problem in America long before phrases like “too big to fail ”entered our vocabulary. I became an identity-theft statistic nine years ago, when I opened my mail to find a bill for a maxed- out credit card I never knew I had. I spent over two weeks cleaning the mess: filing police reports, calling the company, sitting on hold, getting disconnected and calling back to sit on hold again. Considering my salary back then, I spent over a thousand dollars'worth of my time and wasn't entitled to a penny in damages.

It all could easily have been avoided, had the company made a minimal effort to ensure they were loaning money to me rather than my dishonest doppelganger. So why didn't they?Because that would take time -at least a day or two. And if people had to wait a day between applying for and receiving credit, on-the-spot loans would be impossible. Every major retail chain in America pushes these offers: “Apply for a store credit card and receive 15% off your first purchase! ”From the lenders'perspective, writing off a few bad ID-theft debts is cheaper than losing the lucrative “impulse buyer ”market.

But that would change if companies had to pay damages to identity theft victims. Should they have to?The supreme court of the state of Maineis currently pondering that question. In March 2008 the Hannaford supermarket chain announced that hackers broke into their database and stole the credit card information of over 4 million customers, some of whom sued Hannaford for damages. None of the customers lost money, of course, but they felt-as I did-that their time and effort are worth something too.

It 's too early to know how the court will rule, but I 'll make a prediction anyway: nothing will change from the consumers 'perspective, and protecting lenders from their own bad habits will continue to be our unpaid job. When the worldwide economic meltdown started, I naively thought the subsequent tightening of credit lines would at least make identity theft less of a problem than before. But I was just being silly.

31. ________________________________________ After suffering from identity theft, you .

[A] should pay for money the bank lost

[B] are required to report to your bank immediately

[C] have to assume the cost of getting your identity back

[D] won 't have to take any loss caused by it

32. What 's the real meaning of “too big to fail ” in para. 2?

[A] Leaders are so big that they couldn 't fail at all.

[B] Leaders won 't pay for their loaning carelessness.

[C] Leaders are big enough to pay for any large loans.

[D] America is big enough to solve any problems.

33. The 3rd paragraph mainly talks about _________ .

[A] Why companies take efforts to avoid identity theft

[B] The reason of companies ' effortlessness to help avoid identity theft

[C] The reason of taking time to solve the problem of identity theft

[D] The cause of companies offering on-the-spot loans

34. The example in the 4 th paragraph is cited to show that ______ .

[A] Companies have paid for damages to identity theft victims

[B] Customers often suffer from identity theft in America

[C] Companies should be responsible for identity theft

[D] Companies often suffer from identity theft in America

35. What ' s the author ' s attitude to current solutions to identity theft?

[A] Disappointed [B]Confident

[C]Complicated [D]Optimistic

Text4

Death is a difficult subject for anyone, but Americans want to talk about it less than most. They have a cultural expectation that whatever may be wrong with them, it can be fixed with the right treatment, and if the first doctor does not offer it they may seek a second, third or fourth opinion. Legal action is a constant threat, so even if a patient is very ill and likely to die, doctors and hospitals will still persist with aggressive treatment, paid for by the insurer or, for the elderly, by Medicare. That is one reason why America spends 18% of its GDP on health care, the highest proportion in the world.

That does not mean that Americans are getting the world's best health care. For the past 20 years doctors at the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practicehave been compiling the “ Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care ” , using Medicare data to compar-esph e nadlthing patterns in

different regions and institutions. They find that average costs per patient during the last two years of life in some regions can be almost twice as high as in others, yet patients in the high-spending areas do not survive any longer or enjoy better health as a result.

Ira Byock is the director of palliative medicine at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. His book is a plea for those near the end of their life to be treated more like individuals and less like medical cases on which all available technology must be let loose. With two decades' experience in the field, he makes a good case for sometimes leaving well alone and helping people to die gently if that is what they want.

That does not include assisted suicide, which he opposes. But it does include providing enough pain relief to make patients comfortable, co-coordinating their treatment among the different specialists, keeping them informed, having enough staff on hand to see to their needs, making arrangements for them to be cared for at home where possible —and not officiously keeping them alive when there is no hope.

But it is not easy to decide when to stop making every effort to save someone's life and allow them to die gently. The book quotes the case of one HIV-positive young man who was acutely ill with multiple infections. He spent over four months in hospital, much of the time on a ventilator, and had countless tests, scans and other interventions. The total bill came to over $1m. He came close to death many times, but eventually pulled through and has now returned to a normal life. It is an uplifting story, but such an outcome is very rare.

Dr Byock's writing style is not everybody's cup of tea, but he is surely right to suggest better management of a problem that can only get worse. As life expectancy keeps on rising, so will the proportion of old people in the population. And with 75m American baby-boomers now on the threshold of retirement, there is a limit to what the country can afford to spend to keep them going on and on.

36. According to Paragraph 1, the disproportional large spending in health care stems from

[A] Americans' failure to admit death as part of their life

[B] doctors' inclination to overtreat the patient

[C] a culture that is obsessed with youth and health

[D] a legal system which has a bias in favor of patients

37. The author cited the findings of Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical practice to illustrate that

[A] the medical care quality differs widely from region to region

[B] there is little that hospitals can do in saving people's lives

[C] a lot of medical resources are wasted

[D] the American medical system is notorious for its low cost-effectiveness

38. The central idea of Ira Byock's book is to appeal to the hospital to

[A] save every life with every possible means

2018年考研英语二真题与答案解析

2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3. In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twe nty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock th em clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect wit h other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and pho tographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the ba sic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can back fire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a f inal experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would

2018年考研英语二真题与答案

2018年研究生入学考试英语（二）试题 SectionⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 . In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one. Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’

2018年考研英语二试题与答案解析(完整版)

2018年考研英语二试题与答案解析（完整版） ——跨考教育英语教研室 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3. In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students'willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one,5each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seve n were told only that some were electrified7left alone in the room,the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more sho cks than the students who knew what would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced th is effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photograph s of disgusting insects. The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.Curiosity is often co nsidered a good instinct-it can12new scientific advances,for instance-but sometimes such13can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a prof ound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.In a final experiment,partici pants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant pic

2018年考研英语二真题

绝密★启用前 2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）（科目代码：204） ☆考生注意事项☆ 1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。 2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。 3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。 4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。 5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名

SectionⅠUse of English Directions： Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3. In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students’willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one5,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.7left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct–it can12new scientific advances, for instance–but sometimes such13can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one. Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the18of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor.“Thinking about long-term 20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says.In other words,don’t read online comments.

2018年考研英语二真题及答案及解析

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2018年考研英语二真题答案解析

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