高级英语词汇和翻译练习

EXERCISES FOR ENGLISH ACHIEVEMENT TEST

PART I MUL T1PLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: VOCABLARY AND STRUCTURE (50%)

B 1. The boy felt frustrated when he found he had difficulty with most of the

math problems.

A. proud of himself

B. discouraged

C. scared

D. encouraged

B 2.He was confronted with many difficulties, which, with the help of his

friends, he eventually overcame one by one.

a. was opposed by

b. was faced with

c. was happy with

d. was caused by

B 3. Jim did not like our plan; so he countered it with one of his won

a. answered

b. opposed

c. rejected

d. replaced

C 4. Many students urged that the library be kept open during the vacation.

a. complained

b. thought

c. asked earnestly

d. applied A 5. An unprecedented even m history took place m 1961, when a human being

traveled for the first time in outer space.

a, never known before b. not provided for

c. unprepared D. unmarked

C 6. Because a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring is a symbol of eternal love.

a, profound b. external c. everlasting d. round

B 7.Our curriculum for this semester includes applied math, statistics, probability theory, and English.

A．timetable b. course of study c. current d. textbooks A 8. I could hardly discern the road in the dark.

a_ see clearly b. walk fast c. discover d. search

C 9. The nurse on duty was very alert for any sign of change in the critically iii patient.

a. alarming

b. sympathetic

c. wide-awake

d. careless

B 10.As far as possible, the teacher should expose his students Ii real life situations.

a. submit ... to the influence of

b. make ... known to

c. abandon.., to

d. refer.., to

11. Supported by sufficient evidence, his argument seems to have a great deal of

validity. C

a, vividness b. value c. truth d. contradictions 12.If you go to the park early in the morning, you'll invariably find Dr. Wu

doing taijiquan there. C

a. never

b. often

c. always

d. inevitably

13. What Lenin said then was verified by what happened later. A

a. proved to be true

b. proved to be different

c. proved to be wrong & proved to be important

14. "What a decision you have made! I can't help doubting if you still have your

sanity." A

a. soundness of mind

b. cleverness

c. credit

d.strength

15. You may nm believe it, but Einstein is said to have no aptitude for language

learning when he was young. B

a. attitude

b. natural ability

c. interest

d. difficulty

16. Inadequate preparation mused the boy to fail his final examination. A

a. insufficient

b. inactive

c. incredible & indirect

17. Alan worked on a farm for many years and so got an insight into the life of a

farmer. A

a. a deep understanding of

b. a good view of

c. a good instance of

d. a strong sensation of

18.The Pilgrims came to America after being persecuted for their religious

beliefs. D

A. executed

B. excused

C. imprisoned

D. treated cruelly

19. The behavior of all living things conforms to certain patterns, either patterns

of instinct or of habit, but intelligent animals modify their behavior in accordance with the demands of the situation or of the environment. C

a. give up

b. persist in

c. change c[ show

20. Some people tried their best to belittle his new novel just because they were

jealous of him. A

a. speak unfavorably of

b. criticize

c. stack

d. praise

21. Mr. Johnson holds strong views on drink and the closing of all public houses. B

a. questions

b. advocates

c. suggests

d. discredits

22. Our plan has to be ___ in accordance with the altered circumstances. C

a. ignored

b. abandoned

c. modified t[ shielded

23. The students were required to write a short paragraph to __ the claim that

the earth is flat. B

a. retain

b. refute

c. deny

d. condemn

24. No substance can _.__ moisture indefinitely with exposed to great heat. D

a. renew

b. retain

c. replace

d. restore

25. "Could you please give me a hand? Let's shove the bookcase into place." B

a. shoot

b. push

c. drive

d. pull

26. In spite of his unfortunate personal experience, his songs convey, a feeling

of warmth and hope. A

a. express

b. reveal

c. contain dl. indicate

27. Bill looked rather awkward when the professor asked him a question which

he didn't know how to answer. A

a. embarrassed

b. proud

c. shy

d. humble

28. Though Jack is very clumsy at basketball, he is the best guitarist in his is

college. C

a. busy

b. geed.

c. unskillful

d. clever

29. Those who reveal state secrets will be severely punished D

a. handle

b. keep

c. realize

d. make known

30. Jerry had never been to a big party before and he was ill at ease C

a. nervous and uncomfortable

b. sick at heart

c. very excited

d. happy and gay

31. Herds of horses and cattle were seen roaming at w511 over the plain. B

a. roaring

b. wandering

c. feeding

d. running

32. Dr. Morris bas just received an invitation from Harvard University to join

the faculty as a full professor D

a, institution of higher learning b. committee

c. association

d. teachers of the university

33. Each rank in the army has a distinctive sign to wear. A

a. clearly different

b. distant

c. district

d. noble

34. Tian An Men square really looks magnificent at night when it's illuminated. A

a. decorated

b. illustrated

c. Iii up d imitated

35.I wonder who first conceived the idea of filling bags with gas to make

balloons. B

a. give up

b. thought of

c. cherished d concealed

36. Though many people witnessed the accident which occurred in the center

of the city, they were not sure about the exact sequence of events. B

a. order

b. process

c. result

d. cause

37. Scientists are of ten fascinated by phenomena which many ordinary people

ignore. B

a, surprised b. deeply attracted c_ disturbed d. fooled 38.Our English teacher deviated from her usual practice and assigned no

homework yesterday. D

a. dismissed

b. separated

c. turned away

d. kept away

39.How could you so rashly leave your present job without first Finding

another one? C

a. rarely

b. suddenly and unexpectedly

c. hastily and incautiously

d. quickly

40. The old hunter knew by intuition that ,the fox would soon be there. D

a. the power to know without reasoning

b. the power to know by guessing

c. the ability to do something without learning

d. ti the ability to perceive

41．Oh, do stop vacillating and make up your mind! D

A .complaining b. wandering c. worrying d. hesitating 42．Trade wars arise from a ruthless determination on the part of a company or country Io capture the market. B

a. great

b. pitiless

c. (an) unusual

d. rude

43. Every citizen has the meted obligation to defend his country,. D

a. fight

b. authority

c. objective

d. duty

44. The house has remained desolate since its owner left for a foreign country

two years ago. B

a. mined

b. uninhabited

c. locked D. ghost haunted

45. A cold shower on a hot day can be very invigoraing. D

a. vigorous

b. comfortable

c. vital

d. refreshing

46. Since Mr. White died a year ago, there has been discord in the family about

the division of the estate. B

a. distinctions

b. disagreements

c. disadvantages

d. discussions

47. Initially his book did not receive much attention, but two weeks after the

critic's review appeared in the newspapers, it climbed to the best sellers' list. A

a. At first

b. First of alt c At fist sight d. From the first

48.Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil

output C

a. accounted for

b. worked out

c. made prominent

d. taken for granted

49. Shortly after she was given the injection, her complexion took on colour

our and her limbs became warm. A

a. begun to have

b. brought back

c. resulted in

d. added to

50. The Critic's assessment of the book is that it is beautifully written. D

a. comprehension

b. recommendation

c. admiration

d. judgment

51.Mr. Dane went through his daughter's essay carefully, to eliminate slang

words from it. A

a. reduce

b. exchange

c. remove

d. exhibit

52. A trip to the Antarctic is reasonably safe if you take the necessary

precautions. B

a. within reason

b. rather

c. beyond doubt

d. doubly

53. With his brows knitted, the doctor contemplated the difficult operation he

had to perform. D

a. succeeded in

b. decided against

c. went on with

d. thought deeply about

54. The population in that area was growing rapidly. Needless to say, the

housing problem there cried out for immediate solution. B

a. tried hard to find

b. called loudly

c. needed very much

d. asked earnestly for

55. This exquisite violin was made with superb workmanship. D

a. rather strange

b. pretty cheap

c. utterly worthless

d. very lovely

56.My sister has a great diversity of interests; she likes sports, travel,

photography, and making radio sets. D

a. fondness

b. cultivation

c. pursuit

d. variety

57.One of the striking facts of nature is he ability of living things to adapt

themselves to practically and environment on ear& B

a. adopt

b. adjust

c. adhere

d. admit

58. Many workers felt that they were victimized by automation. C

a. made to work hard

b. replaced

c. caused to suffer

d. relieved

59. Because alcohol is a solvent, it is a component of many liquid medicines. C

a. basic ingredient in making medicines

b. combination of things of different qualities

c. one of the parts that make up a whole

d. substance that helps to cure certain diseases

60. The incidence of this disease has been greatly reduced thanks to our health

care program. B

a. seriousness

b. frequency of occurrence

c. mortality

d. cure

rate

61. Mary is by no means learned, nor is she good at any practical trade. The

only asset she possesses is her beauty. A

a. something valuable

b. temptation

c. something pleasing to the eye

d. womanly virtue

62. Young John showed no cosistency when he did excellent work the first part

of the year and very poor work after that A

a. state of keeping to the same course of action

b. right qualifications to do a job

c. ability to cope with one's work

d. great amount of accumulated experience

63.lf the bank's statement agrees with my bank balance, it does not follow

indisputably that the balance is correct. B

a. indispensably

b. unquestionably

c. disreputably

d. consequently

64. Educational development is bound up with economic progress. D

a. in accordance with

b. consistent with

c. independent of

d. closely related to

65. Export of handicraft products is the mainstay office county's economy. D

a. rich resources

b. primary concern

c. only source

d. main support

66. The man had a rather shady occupation and made a lot of money within a

short period of time. D

a. profitable

b. comfortable

c. honorable

d. dishonest

67. They are meticulous in work, well aware a careless mistake u,431 cost the

company millions of pounds. C

a. rather casual

b. pretty slow

c very careful d. really considerate

68. Eight yuan is an exorbitant price for a can of Coca Cola. B

a. very decent

b. unreasonably high

c. highly competitive

d. approximate

69.He was interested only in the story and skipped all those passages of

landscape description. D

a. thought badly of

b. went over

c. made fun of

d. passed over

70. An unprecedented flood hit the valley and submerged most of the farmland.

A

a. covered with water

b. did damage to

c. went through

d. made a mess of

71. The gunman riddled the car with bullets. C

a. brought down

b. made a guess at

c. pierced with numerous holes

d. took aim at

72. Her panic was transient and ceased with she began to speak. C

a. beyond description

b. unnoticed

c. passing quickly

d. vague

73. lf you don't return the article to the shop within a week, you will forfeit the

chance of getting year money back B

a. take

b. lose

c. stand

d. get

74. The government's posture on this new trade agreement proves to be very

positive. B

a. conception

b. attitude

c. instruction d, advice

75. Heavy rains were causing inundation and much damage throughout the country. C

a. much inconvenience

b. serious concern

c. overflow of water

d. human misery

76. i Fund it impossible to endorse a candidate with a record like this. C

a. endure

b. associate with '

c. approve

d. sing praise of

77. We have a high regard for Mr. Powell because he always ____ his principles.

C

a. lives through

b. lives up to

c. lives with

d. lives out

78. How Mr.Holmes __ in his new job? C

a. is getting across

b. is getting at

c. is getting along

d. is getting through

79. I've been thinking of giving my room a thorough cleaning, but with so many

things to do, I it yet. D

a. haven't got around to

b. haven't got over

c. haven't got by

d. haven't got down

80. I __ the floor with a brush when i heard a knock at the door. C

a. scrubbed

b. is scrubbing

c. was scrubbing d has scrubbed

81. The new clerk was __ at the thought of meeting the director until he

discovered what a pleasant woman she was! B

a. tempted

b. preoccupied

c. assimilated ct_ scared stiff

82. Everyone __ for the weather to change, after figs bitter winter. A

a. is yearning

b. sets his sights

c. comes his way

d. sits up

83. It is difficult to a lot of information in a short time. C

a. tempt

b. preoccupy

c. assimilate

d. scare stiff

84. The theory that the earth was spherical, and net fiat, was laughed at when it

First . B

a. put.., forward

b. was ... put forward

c. put ... down

d. was.., put down

85.Head Office __ an official statement denying press reports of a possible

take-over. A

a. has put out

b. has put up

c. has put down

d. has put apart

86. I can't __ her another day, she never stops complaining. C

a. put out

b. put down

c. put up with

d. put aside

87. Advertisements are intended to __ file best qualities of the product to the

public. D

a. put out

b. put across

c. put on

d. put forward

88. After destroying the village the enemy __ all the cattle. B

a. carried back

b. carried away

c. carried off

d. carry down

89. This custom is said to __ from the 18th century. A

a. has been carried down

b. has carried down

c. carry down

d. carried down

90.The Chinese youth should __ the revolutionary spirit of the May 4th

Movement. D

a. carry through

b. carry out

c. carry down d carry forward

91. She had been kept busy all morning, running ____ for her mother. C

a. denunciation

b. pose

c. errands

d. forge

92. He got the money dishonestly, by __ his brother's signature on a check. C

a. surging

b. suspecting

c. forging

d. impulsing

93. Most of the city's celebrities frequently ___ the restaurant, which explains

why it is so successful. B

a. fit into

b. patronize

c. surge

d. pose

94. I won't leave until next week and 1'll be free most evenings this week. So an

evening get-together my plan perfectly. C

a. will fit on

b. mil fit in

c. will fit into

d. will fit with

95. Our representative, Mr. Brown, __ an important customer on the West coast

last week and renewed a contract A

a. called up

b. called for

c. called down

d. called on

96. The old man curses on those who had robbed him. B

a. called up

b. called for

c. called down

d. called on

97. We already have our hands full. Let the matter till next week. D

a. lie behind

b. lie over

c. lie up

d. lie down

98. What the recent Cabinet changes is the need to get rid of certain

unpopular Ministers. C

a. lie behind

b. lie over

c. lie up

d. lie down

99. He is not the easiest man to win over; hell need some C

a. talking of

b. talking about

c. talking round

d. talking to

100.Whatever the/r technical knowledge may be, adult students have a good deal of practical experience; they greatly resent A

a. being talked down to

b. talked down to

c. has talked down to

d. bas talked down to

101. Einstein's theory of relativity is so abstruse that very few people can appreciate it. A

a. understand

b. enjoy

c. raise the value of D. be thankful for 102.The way she charges her mind three or four times a day is utterly bewildering. D

A. thoughtless b. ridiculous c. undesirable d. puzzling 103. Professor Wu's dedication to teaching earned him the respect of both his colleagues and students. C

a. experience in

b. determination of

c. devotion to D. contributions to

104. The fish tasted so unpleasant that Jane threw it away in disgust. B

a. with pleasure

b. with strong dislike

c. in despair D. in peat disappointment

I05. Alternative sources of protein must be found when , neat and fish are not available. B

a. New sources

b. Less expensive sources

c. More sources

d. Other sources

106.Most Americans cherish freedom and independence more than anything else. B

a. keep in mind

b. hold Dear

c. treat

d. cheer 107. Very keen on movies, Julia haunts file cinemas in town. D

a. hunts

b. inhabits

c. stays in ct. often goes to 108. The notion that the earth is round has been widely accepted since Magellan accomplished the first voyage round the worl

d. B

a. notice

b. idea

c. fact

d. principle 109. The swimmer emerged from the water and climbed on the boat. D

a. returned

b. entered

c. suffered

d. appeared 110. It's a great pity that all our plans have come to nought. C

a. knot

b. no one

c. nothing

d. sadness 111. Pointing to a large map on the wall, the mayor said to the visitors, "This is the blueprint for the future of the city." B

a. blue ink

b. plan

c. blue map

d. photograph 112. According to Maxwell Malts, our successes and failures depend largely on our own conception of ourselves, namely, how we see ourselves. D

A. imagination b. apprehension c. invention d. opinion

113. We all think it will rain this evening but my father thinks otherwise. A

a. differently

b. more wisely

c. in different conditions

d. in different way

114.We've been friends for years and that's why I couldn't understand bas

hostility to wards me at the party yesterday evening. C

A. friendliness b. hospitality c. unfriendliness d, anger 115. The doctor tins induced many people to give up smoking. C

A. forced b. taught c, persuaded D. invited 116. The man answered my request for help A

A. with a shrug of his shoulders b. on the shrug of his shoulder

c. in a shrug of his shoulders D. with shrug of his shoulders 117. While working as a governess in Petersbug, Ethel a group of Polish patriots fighting for Poland's freedom from Russian rule. C

a, become involved at b. was involve for

c. became involved in

d. became involved with 118. I don't think I could ever __ what is called "modem" poetry. D

a. take to

b. take for c, lake after d. take over 119. You'd better This is none of your business! B

a. stand out

b. hold your tongue

c. get over D. betray yourself 120.The mechanic angrily aside his tools and refused to work any longer. B

a. fling

b. flung

c. flang

d. flong 121. A planet is a heavenly body that revolves mound the sun is a nearly circular path. C

a. revolts

b. attracts

c. moves

d. sails

122. In our culture, honesty has always been considered an important ingredient of a person's character. A

a. element

b. role c, share d. practice 123. One outcome of the rapid advance of technology is the breakdown of the traditional division of labor between the sexes. B

A. reward b. result c. proof d. benefit 124.Doctors hope to make new breakthroughs in their treatment of heart disease. C

a. experiments

b. predictions

c. major achievements or successes

d. efforts

125.the findings of the two studies contradict each other, though both groups of scientists have used the same method. D

a. agree with

b. confirm

c. complement

d. disagree with 126.Although blind and deaf since childhood, helen Keller has served as an inspiration for millions of

people in all parts of the world and has helped ahem to enjoy life in spite of their ,handicaps. C

a. privileges

b. emotional problems

c. physical disabilities D. illnesses

127. A clumsy person tends to knock things down or bump into linings. D

a. run into

b. get into

c. jump into

d. pull into 128. Swimming the English Channel involves great physical exertion. B

a. exercise

b. effort

c. challenge

d. soundness 129. This seemingly mismatched couple will celebrate their silver wedding next month. C

a. miserable

b. unfortunate

c. unsuitably matched D.

unhappy

130. On the eve of his departure for Australia, many friends and relatives came to his house to say goodbye to him. A

a. leaving

b. passing C. accounting D. running 131.the police didn't think that was an accident, all evidence went to prove the suspect had run over the young woman B

a. deliberate

b. deliberately

c. deliberative D. deliberatively

132. It's not good for a teacher to keep order by __ the children all day. C

a. snap at

b. snapped at

c. snapping at D. snaps at 133. These two countries are finally ready for a reconciliation after they have been each other for over a decade. A

a. at war with

b. in war with

c. at war

d. in war week. 134. With single-minded devotion 1o work, the young scientist his research days a week. D

a. immerses in

b. is immersed in

c. is immersing in

d. immersed in

135. Mad with , Mr. Stone pounded his fists on the desk and yelled at his secretary. C

a. plead

b. ration

c. fury

d. worry 136. The situation in flint area seems to have fairly stabilized. D

a. changed

b. worsened

c. become intense D. become stable

137. It is man's intellect that distinguishes him from lower animals. C

a. selflessness

b. integrity

c. high mental ability D. cleverness 138. Jogging in the park al dawn has been part of my father's daily routine for more than twenty years. B

A. habit b. regularly followed series of activities

c. fixed route

d. mechanical regularity

139.One of my classmates distinguished himself in the recent national CET (Band 4) test by scoring an incredible t 00. D

a. took pride in himself

b. enjoyed himself

c. took pride in himself ct made himself well-known

140.They didn't feel the least bit frustrated even when they were confronted with formidable difficulties. A

A. hard to overcome b. open to attack

C. possible to conquer

D. easy to understand

141. Marl has a very conservative father who still thinks that a woman's place is in the home. B

a. radical

b. favoring traditional views and values

C. proud and showy d. confident and decisive

142.Scientific analysis should exclude all facts and observations that are not relevant to the investigation in question. D

a. dependable for

b. recognized as

c. available for

d. connected with

143. Three straight lines meeting at three points constitute a triangle. A

a. consist of

b. come down to

c. make up D. center on 144. Mountain life produces a strong, tough breed of men. C

a. group

b. generation

c. type D. birth

145. Unless we make a move immediately, we'll be in a hopeless position. B

a. begin to leave

b. begin to take action

c. hurry up D. make a change in our plan

146. Her son's death in the train crash was tragic; he was only five years old. C

a. very unhappy b very dramatic c. very sad d. very typical 147. The year 1976 mw the deaths of Premier Zhou En-lai, Marshal Zhu dc and Chairman Mao Ze-dong, the three leading architects of the People's Republic. A

a. creators

b. leaders

c. reformers

d. fighters 148. With determination, with luck, and with help from lots of good people, Mr.

Iacocca saved Chrysler form going bankrupt. B

a. unable to increase its production

b. unable to pay its debts

c. unable to settle disputes with the labor

d. unable to sell its cars 149. Peter stood on the threshold for a minute before going into the old house where he had spent his childhood. D

a. stone

b. bench

c. windowsill

d. doorsill 150.Since Mr. White died a year ago, there has been discord in the family about the division of file estat

e. B

a. distinctions

b. disagreements

c. disadvantages

d. discussions

英语词汇学课本与译文

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自考英语词汇学翻译精华整理

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英语词汇学术语翻译

Terminology Translations on lexicology 英语词汇学术语翻译 A acronym首字母拼音词acronymy首字母拼音法 addition增词 adjective compound复合形容词 affective meaning感情意义 affix词缀 affixation词缀法 Albanian阿尔巴尼亚语（族）aliens非同化词alliteration头韵（法）allomorph词素（形位）变体ambiguity歧义 amelioration of meamng词义的升华analogy类推 analytic language分析性语言antithsis对偶 antonym反义词 antonymy反义关系 appreciative term褒义词 archaic word古词 archaism古词语

argot隐语（黑话）Armenian亚美尼亚语（族）Associated transfer联想转移association联想 associative meanings关联意义 B back－formation逆生法 back clipping词尾截短 Balto－Slavic波罗斯拉夫语（族）bilinguall双语的 basic word stock基本词汇 blend拼缀词 blending拼缀法 borrowed word借词 bound form粘着形式 bound morpheme粘着语素（形位）bound root粘着词根 C casual style随便文体 catchPhrase时髦语 Celtic凯尔特语（族）central meaning中心意义 Clipping截短法 collocability搭配能力

专业词汇中英对照翻译——铁路工程词汇

专业词汇中英对照翻译----铁路工程词汇 线路工程 线路工程railway line engineering 铁路勘测;铁道勘测railway reconnaissance 铁路选线;铁道选线railway route selection; railway location; approximate railway location; location of railway route selection 经济勘察economic investigation 地质调查geological survey; geologic survey 方案比较project comparison 铁路勘探;铁道勘探railway exploration 铁路测量;铁道测量railway survey 线路测量route survey; profile survey; longitudinal survey 曲线测量curve survey 既有线测量survey of existing line; survey of existing railway 铁路线路图;铁道线路图railway map 定线location of line 铁路设计;铁道设计railway design 线路设计track design 平面设计plane design 纵断面设计longitudinal section design 横断面设计transverse section design 曲线设计curve design 车站设计station design 站场设计design of stations and yards 标准设计standard design 线路等级line grade 铁路限界;铁道限界railway clearance 建筑限界construction clearance 设计规范code of design 设计标准design standard 铁路线路;铁道线路railway line 铁路曲线;铁道曲线railway curve 缓和曲线transition curve; easement curve; spiral transition curve 小半径曲线small-radius curve 曲线半径curve radius 曲线超高superelevation on curve; cant; elevation of curve 欠超高inadequate superelevation; deficient superelevation 未被平衡加速度unbalanced acceleration 竖曲线vertical curve 坡道gradient 坡度grade; gradient;slope 限制坡度ruling grade; limiting grade 坡度折减grade compensation; compensation of gradient; gradient compensation 避难线refuge siding; catch siding 双线插入段double track interpolation 铁路连接线;铁道连接线railway connecting line 隧道内线路line in tunnel 桥头引线bridge approach 站线siding 站线长度length of station line 铁路标志;铁道标志railway sign 警冲标fouling point indicator; fouling post 线路中心线track center line; central lines of track 线间距离;线间距distance between centres of lines; distance between centers of tracks; midway between tracks 线路试验;线路实验track test; road test; running test 路基subgrade 铁路路基;路基;铁道路基railway subgrade; subgrade 软土路基soft soil subgrade 沙漠路基desert subgrade 冻土路基permafrost subgrade 膨胀土路基subgrade in swelling soil zone 路基基床subgrade bed 路堤embankment; fill 高路堤high-fill embankment 路堑cut; road cutting 深路堑deep cutting 路肩road shoulder; subgrade shoulder 边坡side slope 护坡revetment; slope protection; pitching 路基滑动subgrade slip 滑坡防治landslide preventive treatment 路基排水subgrade drainage 塑料排水板plastic drainage board 路基加固subgrade strengthening 土工织物geotextile 挡土墙;挡墙retaining walls 锚定板anchor plate 锚杆anchor bolt 抗滑桩antiskid pile; anti-slide pile; counter-sliding pile 加筋土reinforced earth 植被vegetation 路基防护subgrade protection 防护工程protective engineering 防护林protection forest 防沙sand proof 固沙stabilization of sand 输导砂sediment transport 路侧建筑物roadside structure 排水沟weeper drain;weep drain; drainage ditch; drain ditch 挡风墙wind-shield wall; wind-break wall 隔声墙sound-proof wall 防雪栅snow fence; snow guard 轨道理论track theory 轨道设计track design 轨道参数track parameter 轨距track gauge; rail gage;rail gauge 轨距加宽track gauge widening 轨底坡cant of rail; rail cant 轨道力学track dynamics; track mechanics 轨道强度track strength 轨道阻力track resistance 道床阻力trackbed resistance; ballast resistance 扣固力fastening force 钢轨应力rail stress 轨道承载力track bearing capacity 轨道稳定性track stability; stability of track 轨道试验;轨道实验track test 轮轨关系wheel-rail interaction; wheel-rail relation 轮轨动力学wheel-rail dynamics 轮轨作用力wheel-rail force 轮轨接触wheel-rail contact 接触应力contact stress 轨道结构track structure 轨道track 铁路轨道;轨道;铁道轨道railway track; track 线路上部建筑;轨道track superstructure; track 重型轨道heavy track 宽轨枕轨道broad sleeper track 板式轨道slab track; slab-track 整体道床轨道monolithic roadbed track 防振轨道anti-vibration track 高架轨道elevated track 无缝线路jointless line; continuously welded rail track; jointless track