武汉大学 研究生英语资料

2.Students are not required to attend regular classes

3.It allows more flexibility in students’ schedules

4.Because she would work a lot of hours next semester

5.It limits interaction among students

B：1.He prepared himself well beforehand

2.American dream

3.Generals

4.Learning on one’s own

5.Call-to-call contact

Unit 2：A：1.An economist

2.No one

3.To let economy grow and contract gradually

4.It rose by 3%

5.He is appointed the job by President Bush

B：1.Answering the door when doorbell rings

2.Because she could not ask for a 4-week leave

3.Because there was too much harassment

4.It is very promising for her future in the company

5.Five

Unit 3：A：1.Because they emphasize equality of the sexes 2.Europeans keep the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Americans use just one hand and keep the other one on their lap

3.Europeans are more apt to drink coffee after the meal while Americans between bites

4.Putting a coffee spoon on the saucer or a soup spoon on the service plate

5.Two or three hours

B：1.The Japanese and Korean

2.It means bad luck

3.Unwrap the bouquet

4.A gift of perfume

5.Presenting gifts in accordance with position and prestige

Unit 4：A：1.It is good news that more people have given up smoking

2.Occupation, income and education

3.Well-educationed men with high incomes are generally less likely to smoke

4.Better-educated women are likely to smoke heavily

5.The picture about the teenage smokers is similar to that of women smokers

B：1.General information about cancer

2.The unchecked spread of cancer

3.Benign tumors can be life-threatening when they are near a 5.Ovarian or uterine cancer

Unit 5：A：1.Negative

2.Discovery, mutuality, locality, historicity, potentiality, enhancement

3.It is a community tourism planning approach uniting the themes of social development and ecological sustainability

4.Because it not only generates hospitality that helps make a community a desirable destination, but also helps share scarce resources

5.Travel Ecology

B：1.It is something of a gamble

2.It is most likely that in choosing a travel companion you will lose a friend

3.Like-minded people should travel together

4.Because a travel companion can help overcome the threat of loneliness

5.Whether or not people will get along is difficult to predict Unit 6：A：1.They are unusually popular

2.The audience remain fascinated by them

3.Family budget planning

4.Instructive

5.The two talk shows are targeted at different audiences

B：1.All of the above

2.Because it has a fast pace and rhythmic beats

3.The blues is usually played by black musicians

4.Rock music was influenced by the blues and country music

5.The words of the songs differ, and so does the enjoyment of the music

Unit 7：A：1.She was often like a child

2.Because he was sure she’d want to go to the same place where he wanted to go

3.Because it pleased him for Emily to get more excited on the Tilt-a-Whirl

4.Stop the machine when he and Emily reach the top

5.He couldn’t control other people’s decisions

B：1.Friendship may end pleasantly

2.We meet often, mainly as a habit

3.Change

4.Divorced people

5.There is no way for that, even the best maintained friendship may end

Unit 8：A：1.Crying one’s goods in the street

2.Wall paintings

3.Because they are cheap and fast

4.Only some large companies can afford radio commercials

5.Development of advertising

B：1.Because they don’t know the relationship between tobacco and disease

2.Because tobacco taxes take up a large part of their revenue

3.Cigarette advertising also appeals to kids

4.Because they regard smoking as a symbol of sexual ability and even success

5.Smoking and cigarette advertising

Unit 9：A：1.1,500,000

2.Individual choices can create new economic risks

3.Flood caused more death in large populated countries

4.It is a measure to show that poverty and the risk of dying in a disaster are linked

5.To strengthen government structure

B：1.They fail to supply enough recycled products

2.They produce paper containing high level of recycled fibers

3.The fiber extracted from natural forest

4.Because recycled papers are more expensive

5.To advise consumers to buy recycled paper

Unit 10：A：1.Understand him and learn from him

2.Because he feels that they are worth showing to the public

3.He believes them to be worth looking at

4.It contains subjects chosen partly for their meaning

5.One must look beyond shapes and colors to find what the artist is saying

B：1.Her family

2.In order to enter the world of international pop music

3.In 1994

4.Singing with her own soul

5.Translating them into English

Unit 11：A：1.They were surprised at the rapid development of science

2.Cloning is benefical and moral problems can be avoided

3.It is not bad but we must make sure if it is necessary

4.They are more concerned with the moral features of science

5.Cloning and its controversies

B：1.It has just been in commercial use

2.They are based on an entirely new working principle

3.Streets

4.It refers to a certain area in which workers can hear talk from out-side the zone

5.Noise-control technology

Unit 12：A：1.Instincts and environment

2.Aggression is something learned

3.To fight back hard

4.Because it is part of their way of life

5.Fighting and killing

B：1.Because woman is invisible in the saying

2.Because they try to conceal their privacy

3.Women are second-class citizens

4.Women have succeeded in their jobs

’s achievments

1.现阶段中国已经实现了粮食基本自给，在未来的发展过程中，中国依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给，客观上具备诸多有利因素。

China has basically achieved self-sufficiency in grain at the present stage, and there are many favorable objective factors for her to maintain such achievement by her own efforts in the course of future development.

2.虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。

Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

3.会谈中，双方集中讨论了保护知识产权方面的问题。During the talks, their discussion has been centered around protection of intellectual property rights.

4.由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。

Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved.

5.作者在文章中，对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。

In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment.

6.这家商店里的商品品种多、花色全、式样新。

The commodities in this store are great in variety, new in style, and their design and color are rich.

7.期望大学毕业生即使在竞争激烈的时代中也要活得正直，彬彬有礼，富有爱心是否要求过高了？

Is it too much to expect that, even in this hard-edged competitive age, a college graduate will live with integrity, civility, even compassion?

8.任何一个人如果不努力学习新东西都会被时代淘汰。

Any person who fails to master new things will be left behind the times.

9.在有些欧洲国家里，人民享受最广泛的社会福利，如医疗保险等。（09年已考）

In some of the European countries, the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance.

10.在我们这个时代，任何人想要在社会上起到所希望的作用，必须接受必要的教育。随着科学的进步，在中小学开设了越来越多的课程。与过去相比，现代教育更重视实用性。

In our times, anyone who wants to play an important role in a society as he wishes must receive necessary education. With the development of science, more courses are offered in primary schools and middle schools. Compared with the education in the past, modern education places its stress on practicality.

11.现在的中国教育与中国经济的巨大发展相比，还存在着差距。这些差距既向中国的高等教育提出了挑战，同时也为它带来了机遇。我们应该抓住机遇，迎接挑战，从人才培养模式，学科建设和科学研究等方面进行新的探索，努力创建面向21世纪的一流高校。

In order to match the great development of China’s economy, there is still a long way for its contemporary education to go. The disparity between them not only puts challende before China’s higher education, but provides it with opportunities simutaneously. We should seize the opportunity and meet the challenge head-on. We should make new explorations in the aspects of the personnel-training pattern, curriculum set-up and scientific research, and we should establish first-class institutions of higher learning geared to the 21st century.

12.中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.

13.少年时一去不复返的，等到精力衰退时，要做学问也来不及了。

Youth will soon be gone never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years. 14.要充分重视自然科学理论研究，包括现代数学、高能物理、分子生物学等基础学科的理论研究，忽视这一点就不能掌握和运用世界上先进的科学技术成果，不能很好地解决我们在建设中遇到的重大问题。（06年已考）

Full attention must be paid to theoretical research in the natural sciences, including such basic subjects as modern mathmatics, high energy physics and molecular biology. Negligence in this respect will make it impossible for us to master and apply the results of advanced world science and technology and properly solve important problems we’ll encounter in our construction. 15.我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻名全世界的。

I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.

16.环境科学家们说，如果要使地球继续供养人类生存，保护野生动物是极为重要的。这些专家说，我们必须明白在我们这个环境供养系统中我们自己与野生动植物之间的重要联系。他们指出，没有人有把握知道这些动植物中的哪一种将来可能对我们有用。

Enviromentalists say that the protection of wild animals is of vital important if the earth is to supply the human beings. These experts say that we must understand the fundmental relation between ourselves and wild animals and plants in our environmental supplying system. They point out that no one is sure to know which kind of animals and plants is likely to be useful to us in the future.

17.制止超级大国发动新的世界大战是世界人民的共同愿望。It is common wish of the world’s people to prevent the superpowers from launching a new world war.

18.推进素质教育关键在教师。因此，明确自己肩负的使命，学习素质教育理论，研究素质教育特点，使自己的教育思想和方法尽快由“应试”教育转到素质教育上来，以促进素质教育深入发展，就成为广大中小学教师亟待解决的一个重要课题。

Promoting quality education relies on teachers. Therefore, the great number of middle school and primary school teachers are offered a series of urgent tasks: to understand their mission, to learn educational theories, to study the characteristics of the quality education, and to adjust their educational thoughts and methods in order to put due emphasis on quality education rather than “test-oriented”education, so as to stimulate the development of quality education.

19.党中央动员组织个方面的力量进行经济建设赢得了全国人民的高度赞扬。

The Party Central Committee’s mobilization and organization of all kinds of capacities to carry out the course of economic construction won high praise from all the people throughout the country.

20.另一方面，必须用上述材料进行广泛宣传，是人们认识到，自然保护区是保护自然及文化遗产的基本单位，它们是在人类进步里程中长期斗争中形成的，对经济建设有着重要的作用。

On the other hand, it is necessary to carry on the extensive publicity, enabling the public to know that the protected areas are the basic unit of the managment of the natural and cultural heritages which are formed in the struggle process against the nature by human beings and will play an important role in the economic construction.

21.我们需要建立一个门类齐全、结构合理、能够满足社会消费和整个国民经济发展的先进工业体系。

We must build an advanced industrial system which is complete in range, rational in structure, and which meets the social consumption and the expansion of the whole national economy.

22.当前最重要的任务是发展国民经济，提高国民生活水平。为了实现这个目标，我们必须改革旧的经济体制，以便进一步解放生产力。我们应当向世界敞开大门，以便学习其他国家先进的科学和技术。只要我们坚持改革开放政策，就一定能把我国建成强大的社会主义国家。

Presently the most important task is to develop our national economy and improve the people’s living standard. In order to achieve this goal, we must reform the old economic system so as to liberate the productive forces. We should open our doors to the world so as to learn the advanced science and technology from other countries. We’ll certainly be able to build our country into a powerful socialist country as long as we carry out the policy of reform and opening up.

23.现在失业下岗人数有增无减，这使得我们意识到掌握一些实用技术是十分重要，也是十分必要的。（07年已考）There has been increasing number of unemployed people recently, which makes us realize that it is very important and necessary to master some practical skills.

24.有一项调查发现，不吸烟的妇女，如果在吸烟的家庭环境中生活40年或更长的时间，那么就有加倍患肺癌的危险。(07年已考)

An investigation indicates that non-smoking women living in a smoking family environment for 40 years or still longer will have double risk of developing lung cancer.

1.走社会主义道路，就是亚欧逐步实现共同富裕。共同富裕的构想是这样的：一部分地区有条件先发展起来，一部分地区发展慢点，先发展起来的地区带动后发展的地区，最终达到共同富裕……解决的办法之一，就是先富起来的地区多交点利税，支持贫困地区的发展。

To take the road to socialism is to realize common prosperity step by step.Our plan is as follows:where conditions permit，some areas may develop faster than others;those that develop faster can help promote the progress of those that lag behind,until all become prosperous.One way is for the areas that become prosperous first to support the poor ones by paying more taxes or turning in more profits to the state.

2.同时，我们的对外开放采取了多种方式，包括开展经济特区，开放十四个沿海城市。（08年已考）

In the meantime,we have implemented the policy of opening China to the outside world in many ways,including setting up special economic zones and opening 14 coastal cities.

3.我们的第一个目标是解决温饱问题，这个目标已经达到了。Our first objective was to solve the problem of food and clothing,which we have now done.

4.过去我们搬用别国的模式，结果阻碍了生产力的发展，在思想上导致僵化，妨碍人民和基层积极性的发挥。We used to copy foreign models mechanically,which only hampered the development of our productive forces,induced ideological rigidity and kept the people and grassroots units from taking any initiative.

5.中国与东盟各国或山水相连，或隔海相望，在悠久的交往中，人民之间形成了深厚的传统友谊。

Joined together by mountains and rivers or facing each others across the sea,China and ASEAN countries have developed a profound traditional friendship among the people in the course of their age-old contacts and exchanges.

6.我们正处在世纪之交的重要历史时刻，应该以长远的战略眼光审视和处理双方关系，建立中国与东盟面向二十一世纪的睦邻互信伙伴关系。

At this important historical juncture on the eve of the new century,we should approach and handle our bilateral relations from a long-range strategic perspective and forge a Chinese-ASEAN good-neighborly partnership of mutual trust oriented to the 21st century.

7.没有知识分子，我们的事情就不能做好，所以我们要好好团结、依靠他们，使他们富起来。

Without intellectuals, our work cannot be done well, and we should therefore do a good job of uniting with them, relying on them and making them rich.

8.如果静思太久了，觉得孤独了，不妨翻开你可爱的书，书会使你轻松让你充实。在静静的空间里读一本好书人，如同冬日里围坐一盆炭火与挚友谈心。在平日，因工作太忙，或交际太繁，你难得与古今中外的智者交流。

When loneliness comes over you as a result of too much thinking, a favorite book will ease your mind and broaden your horizons. Reading a good book is like having a fireside chat with a close friend. At other times you may be so occupied with work or social intercourse as to have no time for books.

9.根据全国人民代表大会的有关信息，贪污腐败已经在全国人大的监督下有所收敛，比如，汉南高级人民法院的一名法官在被发现滥用职权后就被省人大罢免了职务。According to the NPC(National People’s Congress),corruption and degeneration has been curbed under NPC supervision .For example ,a judge of the Hainan Higher People’s Court was dismissed by the Provincial People’s Congress after he was found to have abused his authority.

10.在1996年，要为“新经济”做一个定义，那就是新经济是以科技为动力的经济。五年以后，新现象产生，新经济的定义，也要改了。它还是以技术为动力，但要加上一句，创新与进取精神使得它蓬勃发展。

In 1996,one would probably define “new economy” as an economy powered by technology. Now ,five years later ,various

new advancements are calling for a modified view .it is true that new economy is driven by technology ,but that is not all .a spirit of innovation and initiative is also fueling its progress.

11.当年中学老师在我的毕业纪念册写上“人无求时品自高”几个字，那时我根本无法理解，也一直无法接近这样的高标准，只能把它看作是一个传统的华语老师对学生的期许和勉励。面对近日沸沸扬扬的奖学金得主预谋毁约的新闻，我又想起了这句话。

"He's free from stains who seeks no gains" – I didn't understand the maxim at all when it was penned down in my autograph book by my Chinese teacher when I was graduating from secondary school, nor have I ever approached that moral height later. For years, I just cherished those wise words as a hope so fondly put on me by one who had been brought up with a conventional Chinese-medium education. Now the memories have been revived by the recent controversy over the "intended"

1.We have a certain stereotypical_______of a person from a culture and we interpret his/her behaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it.

2.According to Dr.Helfand, Pakistan built nuclear weapons as a______against India.India wanted them as a______against China.

3.The European______Committee assesses the legal and/or political importance of each EU document, decides which EU documents are debated, monitors the activities of UK Ministers in the Council, and keeps legal, procedural and institutional developments in the EU under review.

4.A major_____in handling criticism is that we believe the criticism to be unfair and untrue and that we should defend ourselves against such criticism.

5.Many Americans who are learning Chinese think that the term "Lao Wai" is somehow an insult, and in fact the term ''Lao Wai" doesn't have a negative_______in Chinese.

6.China has no plan to change its______treatment policies for foreign investment in the near future in order to reassure foreign investors who have been worried that China might cancel its________policies and give foreign investors the same national treatment as their domestic counterparts now that the country is in the WTO.

7.Restorative yoga is especially helpful for anxiety-_______people because it allows the nervous system to rest and heal.

8.Students should develop the ability to weigh evidence without bias, tolerate________, and use ethical principles in their academic and personal lives.

9.Members slated for peacekeeping duties over 180 days are eligible for up to 15 days of rest and______.

10.The norms of our own culture are not necessarily wrong－often they are very good－but we should learn not to judge other culture's ways of acting and thinking_____only because they differ from our own.

1.China is the first market for KFC to launch its new product.Targeting trendy young people, KFC D&D features new flavors like the_______series, crushed ice of different tastes and hot drinks like Hong Kong-style milk tea.It's a wider choice of drinks and desserts than those on the regular KFC menu.

2.My sister Ellie, who recently lost 20 pounds, has been pressuring me to lose weight too.And when I asked for a second helping of the low-fat_______she served for dinner the other night, she totally went off on me.

3.Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually_______their mothers and fathers until they get one.It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on "Rover" or "Bonze".

4.Nigerian President Obasanjo said Sunday that he is not excluding_______as the cause of last Sunday's bomb explosions at the Military Cantonment in Lagos, which led to the death of more than 1,100 people.

5.An obviously biased judge made derisive decisions throughout the trial.The strain of the trial also placed Barrie's marriage under______, which ultimately led to his wife divorcing him, and led to Barrie's children being derided and physically attacked by their classmates.

6.The G.O.P.hopes to gain votes by attacking her as a radical feminist who prefers the boardroom to the kitchen.But the ploy could______by alienating working women.

7.Both Luo and Guang admit their drugs, while effective in combating AIDS and alleviating its syndromes, may not be the final answer to solving the AIDS crisis.Rather, they believe, combined_______is the likely ultimate answer.Luo said his drugs, when combined with Western medicine, such as the AZT, have shown double the effectiveness for treating AIDS patients.

8.This______TV programme is suitable for those half-educated people.

9."John has no______.So when his parents passed away, he

inherited everything from the family －properties, bank savings, stocks and a big house.He's really living on easy street."

10.Anthropologist Dr.Edward T.Hall points out that, for two unacquainted adult male North Americans, the comfortable distance to stand for private conversation is from arm's length to about four feet apart.For as the South American moves in, the North American feels he's being pushy; and as the North American backs off the South American thinks he's being_______.

1.More studies on rigorous data are_______.

2.The progress of studies comes from hard work and is________by frivolities.

3.Unforfunately, what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was______by the heavy losses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.

4.The renewing of the__________needs greater fiscal investments from the government.

5.The________of plan economy is being erased step by step.

6.The newcomer has gradually learned what is_______in the position as a qualified salesperson.

7.The disagreements in the nuclear negotiation are________of the tensions between America and Iran.

8.The policy by EU that imposes serious constraints on textile imports from China will definitly_________the bilateral trade in other areas.

9.The Labour Party under Tony Blair won a(n)_________ number of 356 seats in the presidential election.

10.Policy makers and economists shoulder the

responsibility of_________the use of resources.

The true rate of (1)________to education in China may be as high as 30% or 40%.Our knowledge of true return to education is currently very (2)________as is our knowledge of the true rate of return to physical capital.More studies on rigorous data are (3)_______.A more factually informed knowledge base will improve government decision making.If governments (4)_____projects, whether they are human capital projects, or investment projects for dams, road, bridges or factories, they will make better investment decisions.Project evaluations play an important role in keeping good investments and promoting good projects and (5)______the bad.The value of factually informed cost-benefit econometrics is extraordinarily high.Cost-benefit studies produce value for local governments,

provincial government and central government.Research that creates and collects much richer data sets on the returns to all kinds of human and physical capital to guide policy formation will improve policy making.Creating incentives and developing capital markets would promote investment in human capital.It is not necessary to use funds from the center or (6)_______that education and skill formation should be governmentally supplied.Free up the labor market and the market for education would (7)______the forces that promote acquisition of skills by (8)________the training of individual workers by firm, or encourage individuals to train themselves in the workplace to be better farmers, better factory workers and better managers.Otherwise, educational (9)________should be increased and equalized across regions to (10)________the return on human capital investment.

1.Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dip into funds______for Social Security.

2.Since Pain was paying no attention to him, he decided that he might without______ignore Pain.

3.The choice of household and industrail waste disposal is between tipping and________.

4.Operation Rescue was an organization notorious for its confrontational tactics and its implacable opposition to______under all circumstances.

5.Since then we have had______, wars, floods, so many things to add and subtract.

6.Coconuts are being scraped and the juice is squeezed on pounded taro or______for puddings.

7.The psychological advantages or disadvantages on woman and______must be addressed and researched so that informed decisions can still be made.

8.Not all cultural practices are as extreme and the character of the ground flora will also depend on the land-use prior to______.

9.The firm pledges its inventory as______for a short-term loan, but the lender has no physical control over the inventory.

10.There is no apparent conclusive scientific

study, but the______evidence is strong that the herb is useful.

1.A series of minor clashes_________in full-scale war.

2.The sad news disposed him to____________.

3.The most_________way in which the old politics is changing

is in the growing use of referendums.

4.He kept sending gifts and assured her that they were merely small________of his appreciation.

5.Extra safety______________are essential in homes where older people live.

6.A field of burning grass__________thick black clouds of smoke into the sky.

7.The North Pole is slightly__________towards the sun.

8.On the Tokyo Stock Exchange, aggressive buying_________the market up after yesterday's slide.

9.There'll be a large shipment of food to the former Soviet Union to help_________winter shortages.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3114300043.html,ck of adequate funding is a serious___________to the progress of our research.

1.The distance was not great enough to________details, it only made them little, and mellow, and dainty, like landscapes and towns seen through the wrong end of a spy-glass.

2.The water, however, will________little by little on the shore, the island becoming lower and smaller, and the space between the inner edge of the reef and the beach proportionately broader.

3.To________the punishment of such crimes was, he said, to encourage them.

4.Elizabeth also wept and was unhappy, but hers also was the misery of innocence, which, like a cloud that passes over the fair moon, for a while hides but cannot________its brightness.

5.When Ajax saw his mark he knew it and was glad; he threw it to the ground and said, "My friends, the lot is mine, and I rejoice, for I shall__________Hector.

6."Now, it is of no use, Peak," said Sir John, raising his hand in__________of his delivering any message; "I am not at home."

7.In submarine works, the workman, clad in an__________dress, with his head in a metal helmet, receives air from above by means of forcing pumps and regulators.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3114300043.html,rge_________of silk, embroidered with flowers of gay colors, which were rather faded, fell from the wide windows; the fittings of the room were simple, but in excellent taste

9.Perhaps had one been there to point them out to us, we might have noted__________in the mud, but they were countless, one overlapping another into a confusion that would have been entirely meaningless to us.

10.Their arms were rather longer and their legs shorter in proportion to the_________than in man, and later I noticed that their great toes protruded at right angles from their feet—because of their arboreal habits, I presume.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3114300043.html,nguage learning is a common but complicated______activity that involves the development and application of different language skills, including listening, speaking, reading and writing.

2.A new experiment will be made to test the______that highly apprehensive second language writers are more likely to produce shorter writing pieces in lower quality than lowly apprehensive second language writers.

3.Her words had a______effect on him.Soon he was on his own.

4.Extraordinary funds for one campaign may spare us the expense of many years; whereas a long,______war will drain us of more men and money.

5.The news may be unexpected;______, it is true.

6.A little______from the norm is hardly discernible to the naked eye.

7.By now he is the______candidate for presidency.

8.She is very interested in______and longs to become a teacher.

9.They are studying the negative first language______in second language application.

10.A______of explanations have been given but none of them is persuasive.

1._______implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively being carried along out of inability to imagine anything else.

A.Tenancy

B.Tenacity

C.Tendency

D.Tenure

2.In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a (an)_______smile.An amazing journey!

A.inscrutable

B.sweet

C.incredulous

D.incurious

3.The elimination of________was believed to be a prerequisite for any successful intercultural exchange.

A.generalizations

B.judgments

C.doubts

D.stereotypes

4.The Pentagon was planning to launch a 24-hour satellite television channel based in Baghdad to make it easier to________the news media “filter” that Bush Administration officials believe is misleading the public by emphasizing bad news about the occupation of Iraq.

A.circumnavigate

B.circulate

C.circumvent

D.curriculum

5.This class will provide you as a parent with age appropriate songs and activities to enjoy music at home with toddler that will develop coordination, balance and________relationship

skills as well as communication and cooperation.

A.scrutiny

B.spacious

C.stereotype

D.spatial

6.It is a_____to say that the women who teach in India must know the language, the religion, superstitions and customs of the women to be taught in India.It ought to be the very same case for England.

A.truism

B.genuine

C.tenacity

D.similarity

7.The______of “white” in Chinese inc ludes something unhappy.At funerals, Chinese pay respect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white and writing elegiac couplets in white paper.In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.

A.configuration

B.conjunction

C.connotation

D.connection

8.The just-concluded election in Pakistan is simply a_____for continuing military rule, according to Selig Harrison, a leading US authority on South Asia, Afghanistan and the region.

A.inflection

B.facade

C.ambiguity

D.fabrication

9.As television, and to an extent the internet have_____further through our society, the effects are perhaps more significant than even we realize.

A.perpetuated

B.pervasive

C.permanent

D.permeated

10.There’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot.I want to_____our friendship before I start a serious relationship.

A.cement

B.lime

C.clay

D.concrete

1.There was so much pain there,_______caused by both sides over the years.I didn’t want to hurt them, nor they me, but the harm had been done and it was irreversible.

A.inappreciably

B.inadvertently

C.inarticulately

D.invisibly

2.Strengthening regional economic cooperation is a top priority for many Asian countries.Interdependence among these different countries is becoming stronger - thanks to the adoption of a more open economic model.And now, Asian countries are making efforts to promote regional________, and in turn realize common prosperity.

A.integration

B.diversity

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3114300043.html,petition

D.integral

3.When people can’t explain a new phenomenon using their knowledge, they will firstly try to understand the new phenomena using the logic reference of______.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3114300043.html,parison

B.analysis

C.counterpart

D.analogy

4.If you mess up, it’s not your parents’ fault, so don’t______about your mistakes, learn from them.

A.wonder

B.worried

C.whine

D.pester

5.The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually_______it in a profitable direction.

A.adapt

B.control

C.install

D.steer

6.The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow_______, particularly in western Europe.

A.obscure

B.obsolete

C.optional

D.overlapping

7.From busy homemakers to professional people, many Americans enjoy the convenience of prepackaged meals that can be ready to serve in 10 minutes or less.On the other hand, many Americans recognize the value of_______art.

A.cookie

B.culinary

C.cuisine

D.cook

8.The chairman of the board______on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3114300043.html,pelled

B.posed

C.pressed

D.tempted

9.I am not_______with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.

A.concerned

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3114300043.html,patible

C.considerate

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3114300043.html,plied

10.A good education should train students to think for themselves.However, most of them are trained in the technique of examination under______.

A.duly

B.duty

C.duress

D.obligation

1.The decision to opt for______composting was made largely in order to reduce the need for water for flushing the toilet.

A.sew

B.sewerage

C.sewage

D.sewn

2.The end product of such a course of evolution is an obligate______that is inextricably linked to a particular host.

A.paradise

B.parasitic

C.parasite

D.parasite

3.The situation for teachers without______varies according to the circumstances surrounding the dismissal.

A.tenure

B.tent

C.tendency

D.tenured

4.Garth doesn’t work; he just lives off his______.

A.inheritor

B.inherent

C.inherit

D.inheritance

5.It causes many complications, including small placenta size,______and low birth weight.

A.stillborn

B.stillbirth

C.stilllife

D.stillwater

6.The market will______goods that yield social benefits in excess of private benefits and will consequently produce too few of these goods.

A.undervalue

B.devalue

C.underweight

D.value

7.The alert library media specialist will have recognized at once that______is, after all, a kind of integration.

A.majority

B.maintenance

C.mainstreaming

D.mainframe

8.The new decoder uses an amplitude locked-in combination with a phase locked______to achieve this breakthrough.

A.loose

B.loophole

C.loom

D.loop

9.Geometrically, the inner product of two______can be considered a measure of their similarity.

A.carriers

B.vectors

C.agents

D.mediums

10.They include a new way of controlling______diseases, and of administering drugs to people with chronic diseases.

A.waterborne

B.water-sick

C.waterbed

D.water cure

1.A(n)_________is a loose garment, rather like a long blouse, usually worn by women or by people such as artists to protect their clothing.

A.smock

B.apparel

C.gown

D.outfit

2.They lived in pretty________-coloured houses.

A.pastor

B.pasted

C.pasty

D.pastel

3.The number of Ministries has been_________down by a third.

A.pared

B.paired

C.augmented

D.amplified

4.The family has a carpet of flower and bird_________, which is a design used as a decoration or as part of an artistic pattern..

A.motives B motifs C.motivations D.moods

5.Stojanovic escaped their_________by jumping from a moving vehicle.

A.clusters

B.cursors

C.clutches

D.claps

6.If this cheating_______, you will be expelled.

A.incurs

B.recurs

C.curves

D.is curbed

7.Forests vary greatly in__________from one part of the country to another.

A.condemnation

B.sterilization

C.vociferation

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3114300043.html,position

8.Something that is___________is magnificent and obviously very expensive, or is of a size or splendor suggesting great expense.

A.economical

B.on sale

C.sumptuous

D.popularly-priced

9.I hurried to the tent and grabbed a few clean, if________clothes.

A.rumbling

B.rumpled

C.ruminative

D.rumoured

10.He has a very monotonous voice; he should________it more.

A.articulate

B.muffle

C.vocalize

D.modulate

1.The sea laughed and flashed and preened and allured, like a beautiful,________woman.

A.coquettish

B.vulnerable

C.weird

D.shrewd

2.He has done me no harm, poor wrench, but he is an________to me now, for he is Driscoll, the young gentleman, and I am a----oh, I wish I was dead.

A.eyelash

B.eyewitness

C.eyesore

D.eye-opener

3.Does any secret repugnance, or any__________dislike, exist between you and her family?

A.hysterical

B.hereditary

C.incredible

D.incredulous 4.And so the sailors fled into the stern and crowded_________about the right-minded helmsman, until suddenly the lion sprang upon the master and seized him; and when the sailors saw it they leapt out overboard one and all into the bright sea, escaping from a miserable fate, and were changed into dolphins.

A.amused

B.amazed

C.bemused

D.obsessed

5.There must be some good reasons for these__________of fate, but I have never sought to discover them.

A.discrepancies

B.discriminations

C.dispatches

D.dispensations

6.The rifle hanging upon the wall caught his first attention; it was for this strange, death-dealing thunder-stick that he had yearned for months; but now that it was within his grasp he scarcely had the_________to seize it

A.temerity

B.condolence

C.tenacity

D.conspiracy

7.And here, instead of its being a matter of_________, it turns out to be one of congratulation

A.meditation

B.condolence

C.relevance

D.sensation

8.Upon this, Jones began to beg earnestly to be let into this secret, and faithfully promised not to_________it.

A.divulge

B.dispense

C.dissolve

D.disperse

9.Consider that the poison was so________that even a man who is as strong as an ox like Malone here, could hardly get up the stairs before he fell unconscious.

A.vicious

B.villainous

C.virulent

D.vehement

10.Anne was sitting at her open window, for the time forgetful of the woes of examinations and the cares of the world, as she drank in the beauty of the summer dusk, sweet-scented with flower breaths from the garden below and______and rustling from the stir of poplars.

A.thrilling

B.shimmering

C.thundering

D.sibilant

1.______is a broad area of interest that can be barrowed down to

a suitable topic.

A.Topic

B.Subject

C.Hypothesis

D.Thesis

2.For this session, we will only look at three_____features of English pronunciation: intonation, stress and rhythm.

A.prosodic

B.prosaic

C.prosestyle

D.pedagogical

3.This possibility can be_____from our consideration.

A.taken out

B.broken out

C.worn out

D.ruled out

3.Ischemic heart disease in the older person, for example, is characterized by_____.

A.atypicality

B.typicality

C.specialty

D.plasticity

5.What is brain_____? Does it mean that our brains are made of plastic? Of course not.It is the lifelong ability of the brain to reorganize neural pathways based on new experiences.

A.pedagogy

B.atypicality

C.plasticity

D.multiplicity

6.A Writing______will be introduced as an operational component of the PCAT starting with the June 2005 test date.Examinees will have 30 minutes to write an essay in response to a statement that expresses an opinion on an issue.

A.pre-test

B.post-test

C.subtest

D.semi-test

7.By its very nature happiness is a______state.It cannot be dreamt up or forced

upon us.To really enjoy it we need to be comfortable with ourselves.

A.transitory

B.transfer

C.tranquil

D.transcendent

8._____analysis can reveal surprising facts hidden inside data.

A.Plasticity

B.Pedagogical

C.Index score

D.Deviation

9.An____choice for me would have been to spend my summer in South Africa doing

consulting work.

A.optic

B.optimal

C.option

D.optical

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3114300043.html,ually_____therapeutic work is informed by an awareness of the role of the client’s behaviour.

A.cognitive

B.conscious

C.cognition

D.consciousness

Fraught with 充满，带有，预示着

Cement 水泥；接合剂，巩固

Fa?ade 外观

Ritual 仪式；惯例；礼制

Ethnocentric 种族优越感的；民族中心主义的

Lull 间歇；暂停；暂时平静

Tenacity 韧性；固执；不屈不挠；黏性Connotation 内涵；含蓄；暗示，隐含意义；储蓄的东西Inflection 弯曲，变形；音调变化

Spatial 空间的；存在于空间的；受空间条件限制的Inscrutable 神秘的；不可理解的；不可思议的Preferential 优先的；选择的；特惠的；先取的

Prone 俯卧的；有…倾向的，易于…的

Ambiguity 含糊；不明确；暧昧；模棱两可的话Truism 自明之理；老生常谈；众所周知；真实性Deterrent 遏制的，威慑的；制止的

Arousal 觉醒；激励

Deplete 耗尽，用尽；使衰竭，使空虚Recuperation 恢复；复原

permeate 渗透，透过；弥漫

proxemic 空间关系学的

scrutiny 详细审查；监视；细看；选票复查

screen out 筛选出

circumvent 包围；陷害；绕行detachment 分离，拆开；超然；分遣；分遣队integration 集成；综合

analogy 类比；类推；类似

smoothie 举止优雅的人

casserole 砂锅菜

inadvertently 非故意地；不注意地

duress 监禁；强迫

sabotage 破坏；破坏活动；怠工

culinary 厨房的；烹调用的

delectable 令人愉快的；美味的

backfire 逆火，回火

cardinal 红衣主教；鲜红色主要的；深红色的standoffish 冷淡的，不友好的

endearment 钟爱；亲爱；亲爱的表示

intrusion 侵入；闯入

sibling 兄弟姊妹；民族成员

pester 纠缠，烦扰；使烦恼

whine 牢骚；哀鸣；抱怨

sobering 使清醒的；使冷静的；严重的

steer 控制，引导；驾驶

warrant 根据；证明；正当理由；委任状

distortion 变形；[物] 失真；扭曲；曲解

retard 延迟；阻止减慢；受到阻滞infrastructure 基础设施；公共建设；下部构造

thwart 横放的；固执的挫败；反对；阻碍；横过optimize 使最优化，使完善

portfolio 公文包；文件夹；证券投资组合；部长职务aggregate 聚合的；集合的；合计的

vestige 遗迹；残余；退化的器官

constraint 约束；局促，态度不自然；强制

ration 配给；定量供应n. 定量；口粮；配给量subsidy 补贴；津贴；补助金

externality 外在性；外形；外部事物

subsidize 资助；给与奖助金；向…行贿

entail 必需，使承担；限定继承；限定继承的财产unleash 不受约束；自由自在；放荡不羁

revenue 税收，国家的收入；收益

disparity 不同；不一致；不等

bid up 抬价

perpetuate 使不朽,保持;长存的

offset 抵消，补偿；平版印刷；抵消；弥补

equity 公平，公正；普通股；抵押资产的净值quadruple 四倍的；四重的

asset 资产；优点；有用的东西；有利条件Synergy 协同；协同作用；增效

alleviation 缓和；镇痛物

afforestation 造林

peter 逐渐消失；耗尽麻醉品；保险箱undervalue 低估...之价值；看轻

inheritance 继承；遗传；遗产

collateral 旁系的；并行的；附属的；担保品；抵押品hygiene 卫生；卫生学；保健法

waterborne 水运的；水传播的；由水浮起的

prolapse 脱垂；下垂

schistosomiasis 血吸虫病

infest 骚扰；寄生于；大批出没；大批滋生cholera 霍乱

parasite 寄生虫；食客

toxin 毒素；毒质

dioxin 二氧（杂）芑

incineration 焚化；烧成灰

vector 矢量；带菌者；航线

exacerbate 使恶化；使加剧；激怒

stillbirth 死产

retardation 阻滞；迟延；妨碍

confound 使混淆；挫败；讨厌；使混乱

cassava 木薯

tenure 授予…终身职位占有；任期rehabilitation 复原

cyclone 气旋；旋风；飓风

grass roots 草根；基础；乡村地区；一般人民

earmark 特征；耳上记号

anecdotal 轶事的；轶事一样的；多轶事的mainstream 主流

Encroach 侵占；蚕食；侵蚀

Obliterate 消灭；涂去；冲刷；忘掉

Coquettish 妖艳的；卖弄风情的；迷人的

Bemused 困惑的；发呆的

Hereditary 遗传的；世袭的；世代相传的

Remit 宽恕；免除；减轻；传送；使恢复原状Dispensation 分配；免除；豁免；天命

tarnish 污点；晦暗，无光泽；使失去光泽；使变灰暗skeleton 骨架，骨骼；纲要；骨瘦如柴的；概略的vanquish 征服；击败；克服；抑制

temerity 鲁莽，冒失；蛮勇

teeming 多产的，丰富的；热闹的

deprecation 祈免；贬低；反对

torso 躯干；裸体躯干雕像；未完成的作品；

tableau 画面；活人画；戏剧性局面；生动的场面condolence 哀悼；慰问fall out 发生；脱落；争吵；离队；结果是impervious 不受影响的，无动于衷的；不能渗透的divulge 泄露；暴露

virulent 剧毒的；有恶意的；恶性的

fall away 消失；背离，离开；疏失；抛弃；消瘦；倾斜perverse 堕落的，不正当的；倔强的；违反常情的sibilant 咝咝作声的；发丝音的

macabre 可怕的；以死亡为主题的；令人毛骨悚然的valance 帷幔，挂布；窗帘上部的短幔

grimace 鬼脸；怪相；痛苦的表情

indentation 压痕，[物] 刻痕；凹陷；缩排；呈锯齿状

武汉大学研究生英语期末考试2010级试卷

English Examination for Graduates (Paper A) 20111229 I. Listening Comprehension (20%) Directions: In this part, you are going to listen to four passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be read only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. 1. A. He read a lot of books on management. B. He made every step safe enough. C. He prepared himself well beforehand. D. He had knowledge for the next phase. 2. A. news reporter B. American dream C. lucky boy D. poor child 3. A. generals B. committees C. armies D. schools 4. A. reading different books B. attending seminars C. listening to audiotapes D. learning on one’s own 5. A. face-to-face contact B. eyeball-to-eyeball contact C. person-to-person contact D. call-to-call contact Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. 6. A. More and more people take up the habit of smoking. B. There are more smoking women than smoking men in the USA. C. It is good news that more people have given up smoking. D. The U.S. has more smoking people than any other country. 7. A. age, income and education B. age, sex and income C. occupation, income and sex D. occupation, income and education 8. A. City people are less likely to smoke. B. People in rural areas are more likely to smoke. C. Men with higher incomes tend to smoke. D. Well –educated men with high incomes are generally less likely to smoke. 9. A. The situation is quite the same for women as for men. B. Better-educated women are likely to smoke heavily. C. There are more women smokers with low incomes. D. Women with higher incomes and higher education do not tend to smoke. 10. A. The picture about the teenage smokers is similar to that of women smokers. B. The situation among teenagers is quite the same with men. C. High school students are more likely to smoke than college students. D. Farmers? children tend to smoke more. Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage. 11. A. crying one’s goods in the street B. signs with pictures

11、武大研究生英语期末考试英译汉重点句子

Unit one Stumbling block in intercultural communication 1 在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。 It’s appropriate at this time of major changes in the international scene to take a look at some of the disappointing results of attempts at communication. They are actually stumbling block in international communication. 7 本国居民可能会被灌输有这种期望：既然外国人穿着合适，并且能说一些本国话，那么他或她也有同样的非语言的准则、想法和感觉。 The native inhabitants are likely to be lulled into the expectation that ,since the foreign person is dressed appropriately and speak some of the language,he or she will also have similar nonverbal codes ,thoughts and feelings. 8 更糟糕的问题是死死抱住新语言中一个词汇或短语的一种意义，而不顾隐含义和语境。 A worse language problem is the tenacity with which someone will cling to just one meaning of a word or phrase in the new language, regardless of connotation or context. 11 先入为主和程式化思维的现象

武大考研之研究生院介绍

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武汉大学硕士英语期末考试汉译英题库（从里面考） 1.走社会主义道路，就是要逐步实现共同富裕，共同富裕的构想是这样的：一部分地区有条件先发展起来，一部分地区发展慢点，先发展起来的地区带动后发展的地区，最终达到共同富裕……解决的办法之一，就是先富起来的地区多交点利税，支持贫困地区的发展。 To take the road to socialism is to realize common prosperity step by step.Our plan is as follow:where condition s permit,some areas may develop faster than others;those that develop faster can help promote the progress of those that lag behind,until all become progress…One way is for the areas that become prosperous frstt to support the poor ones by paying more taxes or turing in more profits to the state 2.现阶段中国已经实现了粮食基本自给，在未来的发展过程中，中国依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给，客观上具备诸多有利因素。 Chian has bascilly achieved self-sufficiency in grain at the present stage,and there are many favorable objective factors for her to maintain such achievement by her own efforts in the course of future development. 3.社会主义用实践向世界表明，中国反对把霸权主义、强权政治，永不称霸。 Scoialist China should show the world through its actions that it is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. 4.过去，只讲在社会主义条件下发展生产力，没有讲还要通过改革解放生产力，不完全。应该把解放生产力和发展生产力两个讲全了。 In the past,we only stressed expansion of the productive forces under socialism,without mentioning the need to liberate them through reform.That conception was incomplete. Both the liberation and the expansion of the productive forces are essential. 5.同时，我们的对外开放采取了多种方式，包括搞经济特区，开放十四个沿海城市。 In the meantime,we have implemented the policy of opening China to the outside world in many ways,including setting up special economic zones and opening14coastal cities. 6.改革开放迈不开步子，不敢闯，说来说去就是怕资本主义的东西多了，走了资本主义道路。要害是姓“资”还是姓“社”的问题。 The reason some people hesitate to carry out the reform and the open policy and dare not break new ground is ,in essence,that they’re afraid it would mean introducing too many elements of capitalism and,indeed,taking the capitalist road.The crux of the matter is whether the road is capitalist or socialist. 7.过去我们搬用别国的模式，结果阻碍了生产力的发展，在思想上导致僵化，妨碍人民和基层积极性的发挥。 We used to copy foreign models mechanically,which only hampered the development of our productive forces, induced ideological rigidly and kept the people and grassroots units from taking any initiative. 8. 中国与东盟各国或山水相连，或隔海相望，在悠久的交往中，人民之间形成了深厚的传统友谊。 Joined together by mountains and rivers or facing with other across the sea, China and ASEAN countries have developed a profound traditional friendship among the people in the course of their age-old contacts and exchanges. 9.我们正处在世纪之交的重要历史时刻，应该以长远的战略眼光审视和处理双方关系，建立中国与东盟面向二十一世纪的睦邻互信伙伴关系。

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武汉大学研究生学籍管理实施细则(草案) 第一章总则 第一条为规范学校研究生管理行为，维护学校正常的教育教学秩序和生活秩序，保障研究生合法权益，培养研究生成为德、智、体、美等方面全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人，依据《普通高等学校学生管理规定》（教育部令第41号）和《武汉大学学生管理规定》(武大学字[2017]31号)，结合学校实际，制定本实施细则。 第二条本实施细则适用于学校对接受普通高等学历教育的研究生的学籍管理。 第二章入学与注册 第三条新生入学时，持录取通知书和学校规定的有关证件，按规定的日期到校办理入学手续。因故不能如期入学者，应持有关证明请假，假期不能超过两周。未经请假或请假期满逾两周未入学者，除不可抗力等正当事由外，视为放弃入学资格。 第四条学校在报到时对新生入学资格进行初步审查，审查合格的办理入学手续，予以注册学籍；审查发现新生的录取通知、考生信息等证明材料，与本人实际情况不符，或者有其他违反国家招生考试规定情形的，取消入学资格。 第五条新生入学后，学校在3个月内按照国家招生规定进行复查，复查内容主要包括以下方面： （一）录取手续及程序等是否合乎国家招生规定； （二）所获得的录取资格是否真实、合乎相关规定； （三）本人及身份证明与录取通知、考生档案等是否一致； （四）身心健康状况是否符合录取专业或者专业类别体检要求，能否保证在校正常学习、生活。 复查中发现学生存在弄虚作假、徇私舞弊等情形的，确定为复查不合格，取消学籍；情节严重的，学校将移交有关部门调查处理。 复查中发现学生身心状况不适宜在校学习，经学校指定的二级甲等以上医院诊断，需要在家休养的，可以按照第六条的规定保留入学资格一年。 第六条新生属于下列情况之一者可申请保留入学资格： （一）经学校指定的二级甲等以上医院诊断不宜在校学习，保留一年； （二）参加团中央批准的大学生志愿服务西部计划、支教生等项目保留一年、国防生按规定到部队工作保留一至两年；

武汉大学硕士英语期末考试_英语汉译英56句

Translation Exercises(50) 增词法:补充汉语句子中省略的成分 1) 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 翻译：Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 2)我国社会主义工业化的建设及其成就，正在日益促进他们的这种积极性。 翻译：Their enthusiasm is being constantly heightened by China’s socialist industrialization and its achievement. 3)会谈中，双方集中讨论了保护知识产权方面的问题。 翻译：During the talks, their discussion has been centered around the protection of intellectual property rights. 4) 孩子们看电视过多会大大的损伤视力。 翻译：Too much exposure to TV program will do great harm to the eyesight of children. 5) 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。 翻译：Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. 6) 作者在文章中，对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。 翻译：In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment. 7) 学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。 翻译：All the students should develop morally, intellectually, physically. 句子结构转换：汉语复合句转换成英语简单句 8) 这架波音747飞机起飞了，机上载有347名乘客。 翻译：The Boeing 747 took off with 347 passengers on board. 9) 因为他滥用职权，他严重损害了自己在下属面前的形象。 翻译：Abuse of power seriously damaged his image among his subordinates. 10) 即使是最好的厨师，有时又有做不好的菜。 翻译：The best cook sometimes makes bad dishes. 11) 江山易改，本性难移。 翻译：You can never scare a dog away from a greasy hide.

武汉大学研究生英语单词表(精排版)

Unit One ( be ) fraught with：充满 stumbling block：绊脚石,障碍物 cement：n. 水泥,接合剂；v. 接合,用水泥涂facade：n. 建筑物的正面 ritual：n. 仪式,典礼,宗教仪式,固定程序a. 仪式的,依仪式而行的，老规矩的，惯常的ethnocentric：种族[民族]中心主义的, 种族[民族, 集团]优越感的 lull：n. 暂停,间歇,稍息v. 平息,使...平静,哄tenacity：n. 固执,不屈不挠,顽固connotation：n. 含义 inflection：n. 屈曲,变调,音调变化refreshment：n. 点心,提神之事物,精神爽快spatial：a. 空间的 preconception：n. 预想(先入之见,偏见) stereotype：n. 铅版,陈腔滥调,老套v. 使用铅版,套用老套 inscrutable：a. 难以了解的,不能测 preferential：a. 先取的,优先的,选择的prone：a. 俯卧的,易于...的,有...倾向的ambiguity：n. 不明确,含糊,暧昧,模棱两可truism：n. 自明之理,老套的,众所周知deterrent：a. 制止,防止,挽留n. 挽留的事物,妨碍物 arousal：n. 激励,鼓励 deplete：v. 耗尽,使...空竭recuperation：n. 复原，恢复：恢复健康和力气. permeate：v. 弥漫,渗透,普及 proxemic：a. [社]空间关系学的 scrutiny：n. 研究(推敲) dyad = diad：n. 二数,一对,二元一位screen out：v. 筛选出 circumvent：v. 绕行,陷害 detachment：n. 分离,分遣,分遣队 Unit Three integration：n. 整合,集成 analogy：n. 相似,类似 therapy：n. 疗法,治疗 smoothie：n. 善于讨好女人的男子, 举止优雅的人 casserole：n. 餐桌上用有盖的焙盘,砂锅菜fluid：a. 流体的,流动的n. 流体,液体inadvertently：ad. 不注意地 duress：n. 强迫, 监禁 sabotage：n. 怠工,破坏活动,破坏v. 从事破坏活动,妨害,破坏 culinary：a. 厨房的,烹调的 delectable：a. 快乐的,可喜的,愉快的backfire：v. 产生事与愿违的后果vi. (指内燃机等)逆火,回火,适得其反 cardinal：n. 枢机主教,鲜红色a. 主要的,深红色的 standoffish：a. 有点不友好的,冷淡的endearment：n. 亲爱,钟爱 intrusion：n. 闯入,侵扰 sibling：n. 兄弟姐妹 pester：v. 使烦恼,使苦恼 whine：n. 抱怨,牢骚v. 哭诉,发牢骚sobering：a. 使清醒的, 使冷静的 steer：v. 引导,驾驶,航行 Unit Four warrant：n. 正当理由,根据,委任状v. 保证,辩解,担保 symptomatic：a. 具有征候的,征候的,根据征候的 distortion：n. 扭曲,变形,曲解 retard：n. 阻止,迟延v. 妨碍,迟延,迟缓infrastructure：n. 下部构造,下部组织,基础结构，基础设施 thwart：a. 横～v. 反对,阻碍ad. 横过optimize：v. 使...完美,乐观,使...完善v.优化portfolio：n. 文件夹,证券投资组合aggregate：n. 合计,总计,集合体a. 合计的,集合的,聚合的v. 聚集,集合,合计vestige：n. 遗迹,退化的器官 constraint：约束, 强制,约束条件；[计算机] 限制，对感情的压抑 ration：n. 定额,定量,配给 subsidy：n. 补助金,津贴 externality：n. 外表(外在性,外部的事物) subsidize：v. 给与补助金,给与奖助金,贿赂entail：v. 使必需,使蒙受 unleash：v. 解开...的皮带,解除...的束缚,解放revenue：n. 财政收入,税收 disparity：n. 不一致 bid up：竞出高价