高考英语语法——同位语从句

Grammar—appositive clauses＆predicative clauses

名词性从句之同位语＆表语从句

同位语从句：

I.明确概念与特征：

1. 同位语从句常放在名词之后，用来补充说明名词的具体内容。常用来接同位语从句的名词有news, idea, promise, question, doubt, wonder, fact, hope, wish, suggestion, advice, possibility, message, word, belief, information等。常用来引导同位语从句的连词有that, what, who, whether以及连接副词where, when, why, how 等。如：

The news that their children couldn’t come back on time worried all the parents.

I had no idea when the storm would end.

2. 不过有时候为了保持句子结构平衡，同位语从句也不一定直接放在名词后，而会出现隔离情况。如：

Word came that the sports meet had been put off.

Suddenly a good idea occurred to me that I could buy my teacher a gift.

3. 同位语从句前名词的数

同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词加以修饰。如：Where did you get the idea that I could not come?

Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.

Exciting word came that I passed the exam.

II. 正确选用引导词

一般来说根据句意来确定相应的引导词，并且从句要用陈述句的语序。

1.that引导同位语从句时在句中不作任何成分，但不可省略；

The idea that we play football after class is great.

2.在表示是否的意思时连词只能用whether而不能用if；

The question whether you can go to an ideal university depends on your effort.

3.从句若缺少主语,宾语或定语用连接代词（what, who, whom, whose, which），若缺少状语用连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导。

I have no idea which mobile phone is the best—it’s a matter of personal taste.

At last I made a decision that I would never come back again.

The question what we should do with this situation is under discussion.

All of us had no idea why he refused our help.

The question why he didn’t attend the meeting puzzled us.

We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light.

4.在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如：

There is no doubt that we will win the final match.

I have a doubt whether he will finish the job on time.

III. 注意从句中的时态

一般来说同位语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致。但在表示请求、命令、建议等意思的名词后的同位语从句中的谓语动词应用(should) do，(如demand, wish, suggestion, advice，order等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如

I have no idea when he will be back.

I accepted my father’s advice that I (should) apologize to my friend.

My teacher’s suggestion that he (should) learn English is reasonable.

Drill :巩固练习：

1. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea ___ the party is to be held?

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. where

2. A warm thought suddenly came to me ______I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.

A. if

B. when

C. that

D. which

3. ---It’s thirty years since we last met.

---But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ____we got lost on a rainy night.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. when

4. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _______he had to meet his uncle at the airport.

A. why

B. that

C. where

D. because

5. We haven’t settled the question of ______it is necessary for him to study abroad.

A. if

B. where

C. whether

D. that

6. Do you have any idea ______is actually going on in the classroom?

A. that

B. what

C. as

D. which

7. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ____a cure for AIDS will be found.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whether

8. Danby left word with my secretary ____he would call again in the afternoon.

A. who

B. that

C. as

D. which

9. Along with the letter was his promise__he would visit me this coming Christmas

A. which

B.that

C. what

D. whether

10. Some researchers have a doubt___ a cure for AIDS will be found.

A. which

B. that

C. what D whether

11. He can’t answer the question ____he got the money.

A. that

B. why

C. how

D. whether

表语从句

I、概述

用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。

The trouble is that we are short of money.

That is why he succeed.

At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of a right word anyhow.

II、分类详解

1、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。

that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question，trouble，problem，result，chance，suggestion，idea，reason等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。The trouble is (that) she has lost his money.

The question is whether we need more ice cream.

What she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.

2、由关系代词引导的表语从句。

关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。The question is which of us should go.

The problem was who could do the work.

That's what he is worrying about.。

That's what we should do.

3、由关系副词引导的表语从句。

Go and get your coat. It's where you left it.

I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet through.

That is how he makes that of money every year.

That is what he is worried about.

4、由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。

It looked as if it was going to snow.

That's because we never thought of it.

It seems as if he didn’t know the answer.

巩固练习：

1. The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.

A. that

B. if

C. when

D. whether

2．The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.

A. because

B. that

C. for

D. because of

3．The problem is _________to take the place of Ted

A. who can we get

B. what we can get

C. who we can get

D. that we can get

4. The reason is_________I missed the bus.

A. that

B. when

C. why

D. what

5. That is ___ we were late last time.

A. that

B. when

C. why

D. what

6. She looked _________ she were ten years younger.

A. that

B. like

C. as

D. as though

7.—I fell sick!

--I think it is _______ you are doing too much.

A. why

B. when

C. what

D. because

8. The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.

A. because his mother is ill

B. because of his mother’s being ill

C. that his mother is ill

D. for his mother is ill

9.That is ______ Lu Xun once lived.

A. what

B. where

C. that

D. why

that/what的区别

1．_______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.

A. What; how are you

B. That；how you are

C. How；that you are

D. What；how you are

2. The trouble is__________we are short of tools.

A. what

B. that

C. how

D. why that

3. America was __________was first called “India” by Columbus.

A. what

B. where

C. the place

D. there where

4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_________ .

A. what it used to be

B. what it was used to being

C. what it used to being

D. what it was used to be

5. ________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.

A. What … that

B. That … what

C. What … what

D. That … what

高考练习

1 —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

—Is that_____ you had a few days off？

A. why B .what C. when D. where

3. See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.

A. when

B. which

C. where

D. what

4. --- Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?

---Oh, that’s _____.

A. what makes me feel excited

B. whatever I feel excited about

C. how I feel about it

D. when I feel excited

Summary：（名词性从句总结）

三要素：语序，时态，引导词

1.语序：永远用陈述语序

2.时态：若主句是现在时，从句可根据句意用各种时态；若主句是过去时，

则，从句要用相应的过去时态，但，若从句表述的是客观真理，那么从句依然用一般现在时。

3.引导词：第一类：that，没有意义，仅起连接作用；连接的从句为陈述语气；

在宾从和表从中可以省略，在主语从句中不能省略。

第二类：if/whether，有“是否”的意思；连接的从句为一般疑问语气；在宾从中有只用whether不用if的5种情况，在主从中if不能位于句首，在表从中不用if,只有as if.(保险起见，所有名词性从句中首选whether)。

第三类：连接代词，what, which, who , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等,他们在从句要充当成份，作主语,宾语（除whoes）。

作定语（what, which, whose, whatever, whichever）。

第四类：连接副词，when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等，在从句中作状语，也就是说，从句中缺少时间，地点，原因，方式等语意的时候要用他们。（若从句中主谓或主谓宾齐全就要根据句意相应的用他们）

同学们，通过对名词性从句的进一步学习，你是否有新的收获呢？

若有任何建议都可以提出来的哟，你也可以留便条在讲桌上的。

希望童鞋们天天进步，学习开心。