英语词汇教程Ichapter9-10

Chapter 9

Avoid

void /??v??d/ (avoiding, avoided, avoids)

1.V-T If you avoid something unpleasant that might happen, you take action in order to prevent it from happening. 避免(坏事的发生)

例：The pilots had to take emergency action to avoid a disaster.

2.V-T If you avoid doing something, you choose not to do it, or you put yourself in a situation where you do not have to do it. 避免

例：By borrowing from dozens of banks, he managed to avoid giving any of them an overall picture of what he was up to.

3.V-T If you avoid a person or thing, you keep away from them. When talking to someone, if you avoid the subject, you keep the conversation away from a particular topic. 避开

例：She eventually had to lock herself in the women's restroom to avoid him.

4.V-T If a person or vehicle avoids someone or something, they change the direction they are moving in, so that they do not hit them. (人或车) 避让

例：The driver had ample time to brake or swerve and avoid the woman.

adj. avoidable 可避免的；可作为无效的；可回避的

n. avoidance 逃避；废止；职位空缺

void 无效的，空的，缺乏的

devoid 缺乏的

Excuse

1.V-T If you excuse someone for something wrong that they have done, you forgive them for it. 原谅

例：Many people might have excused them for shirking some of their responsibilities.

2.V-T If someone is excused from a duty or responsibility, they are told that they do not have to carry it out. 免除…的责任

例：She is usually excused from her duties during the summer holiday.

3.V-T If you excuse yourself, you use a phrase such as "Excuse me" as a polite way of saying that you are about to leave. 准许…离开

例：He excused himself and went up to his room.

excusable 可原谅的；可辩解的；可免除的

excusatory 表示歉意的；申辩的

adv. excusably 可辩解地；可原谅地

同根词：accuse

Helpless

If you are helpless, you do not have the strength or power to do anything useful or to control or protect yourself. 无能为力的

例：Parents often feel helpless, knowing that all the hugs in the world won't stop the tears.

helplessly无能为力地

同根词：endless limitless reckless

Include

1.V-T If one thing includes another thing, it has the other thing as one of its parts. 包括

例：The trip has been extended to include a few other events.

2.V-T If someone or something is included in a large group, system, or area, they become a part of it or are considered a part of it. 把…列为一部分

例：I had worked hard to be included in a project like this.

同根词：exclude conclude seclude recluse

Intend

1.V-T If you intend to do something, you have decided or planned to do it. 打算

例：Maybe he intends to leave her.

2.V-T If something is intended for a particular purpose, it has been planned to fulfil that purpose. If something is intended for a particular person, it has been planned to be used by that person or to affect them in some way. 被用于(某目的或某人)

例：This money is intended for the development of the tourist industry.

3.V-T If you intend a particular idea or feeling in something that you say or do, you want to express it or want it to be understood. 想要例：He didn't intend any sarcasm.

adj. intended 故意的，有意的；打算中的

同根词：attend contend extend

Normal

1.ADJ Something that is normal is usual and ordinary, and is what people expect. 正常的; 平常的

例：The two countries resumed normal diplomatic relations.

2.ADJ A normal person has no serious physical or mental health problems. 身心正常的

例：Statistics indicate that depressed patients are more likely to become ill than are normal people.

adv.

normally 正常地；通常地，一般地

n.

norm 规范，基准；定额，分配之工作量

normalization 正常化；标准化；正规化；常态化

normality 常态；[化学] 当量浓度；[化学] 规定浓度

同根词abnormal enormous supernormal

Sociable

ADJ Sociable people are friendly and enjoy talking to other people. 友善的; 好交际的

例：She was, and remained, extremely sociable, enjoying dancing, golf, tennis, skating, and bicycling.

adj. social 社会的，社交的；群居的

adv. sociably 和蔼可亲地；善于应酬地

n. social 联谊会；联欢会sociability 善于交际；社交性；好交际sociality 社会性；社交；好交际

vi. socialize 交际；参与社交

同根词：associate association

Struggle

1.V-T/V-I If you struggle to do something, you try hard to do it, even though other people or things may be making it difficult for you to succeed. 努力; 斗争

例：They had to struggle against all kinds of adversity.

3.V-I If you struggle when you are being held, you twist, kick, and move violently in order to get free. 挣扎

例：I struggled, but he was a tall man, well built.

2.N-VAR A struggle is a long and difficult attempt to achieve something such as freedom or political rights. 努力; 斗争

例：Life became a struggle for survival.

5.N-COUNT Struggle is also a noun. 扭打

例：He died in a struggle with prison officers less than two months after coming to Britain.

Chapter 10

Approach

1.V-T/V-I When you approach something, you get closer to it. 走近例：He didn't approach the front door at once.

2.N-COUNT Approach is also a noun. 走近

例：At their approach the little boy ran away and hid.

V-T When you approach a task, problem, or situation in a particular way, you deal with it or think about it in that way. 处理

例：The Bank has approached the issue in a practical way.

同根词：approximate

Damp

1.ADJ Something that is damp is slightly wet. 潮湿的

例：Her hair was still damp.

2.N-UNCOUNT Damp is moisture on the inside walls of a house or in the air. 潮气

例：There was damp everywhere and the entire building was in need of rewiring.

vt. dampen 抑制；使…沮丧；使…潮湿

Ignore

ignore /?ɡ?n??/ (ignoring, ignored, ignores)

1.V-T If you ignore someone or something, you pay no attention to them. 不理睬

例：She said her husband ignored her.

2.V-T If you say that an argument or theory ignores an important aspect of a situation, you are criticizing it because it fails to consider that aspect or to take it into account. (某论断或理论) 忽视

例：Such arguments ignore the question of where ultimate responsibility lay.

adj. ignored 被忽视的；被忽略的

adv. ignorantly 无知地；不学无术地

n. ignorance 无知，愚昧；不知，不懂

Loyal

1.ADJ Someone who is loyal remains firm in their friendship or support for a person or thing. 忠诚的表赞许

例：They had remained loyal to the president. 2.ADV 忠诚地loyally

例：They have loyally supported their party and their leader.

adv. loyally 忠诚地；诚实地

n. loyalty 忠诚；忠心；忠实loyalist 忠诚的人；反对独立者Numerous

ADJ If people or things are numerous, they exist or are present in large numbers. 许多的

例：Violence crimes were just as numerous as they are today.

n. numerousness 多数

同根词：number numberless numerable innumerable

Previous

1.ADJ A previous event or thing is one that happened or existed before the one that you are talking about. 前一次的

例：She has a teenage daughter from a previous marriage.

2.ADJ You refer to the period of time or the thing immediately before the one that you are talking about as the previous one. 前一个的

例：It was a surprisingly dry day after the rain of the previous week. adv.

previously 以前；预先；仓促地

Require

1.V-T If you require something or if something is required, you need it or it is necessary. 需要

例：If you require further information, you should consult the registrar.

2.V-T If a law or rule requires you to do something, you have to do it. 要求

例：The rules also require employers to provide safety training.

adj. required 必需的；（美）必修的

n. requirement 要求；必要条件；必需品

同根词：inquire enquire

Timid

1.ADJ Timid people are shy, nervous, and lack courage or confidence in themselves. 羞怯的

例：A timid child, Isabella had learned obedience at an early age. adj. timorous 胆怯的；胆小的；羞怯的

adv. timidly 羞怯地；胆小地timorously 羞怯地；容易受惊地

n. timidity 胆怯，胆小；羞怯timidness 羞怯；胆小

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