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修饰不可数和可数名词

修饰不可数和可数名词
修饰不可数和可数名词

修饰不可数和可数名词

知识讲解什么可以修饰可数名词什么可以修饰不可数名词

一、some和any的用法:

(1)两者修饰可数复数名词和不可数名词,表一些;有些。

〔2)一般的用法:some用于肯定句;any用于疑问句,否定句或条件句。

I am looking for some matches.

Do you have any matches? I do not have any matches.

(3)特殊的用法:

(A) 在期望对方肯定的回答时,问句也用some。

Will you lend me some money? (=Please lend me some money.)

(B) any表任何或任何一个时,也可用于肯定句。

Come any day you like.

二、many和much的用法:

(1)many修饰复数可数名词,表许多;much修饰不可数名词,表量或程度。He has many friends, but few true ones.

There hasn't been much good weather recently.

(2)many a:

many a和many同义,但语气比较强,并且要与单数名词及单数形动词连用。Many a prisoner has been set free. (=Many prisoners have been set free.)

三. (a) few和(a) little的用法:

(1) (a) few用在复数可数名词之前,(a) little用在不可数名词之前。

He took a few biscuits. (=several) He took few biscuits(=not many)

He took a little butter. (=some) He took little butter. (=not much)

(2) a few相当于some, several, 含肯定的意味。

He has a few (=some or several) friends.

(4) a little和little之间的差别,就和a few和few的差别一样,只是(a) little须修饰不可数名词,表量或程度。

He grows worse; there is little hope of his recovery.

He is not much better, but there is a little hope.

5. 其他的数量形容词:

(1) plenty of, a lot of, lots of均表许多,修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。

The room contained plenty of (or a lot of or lots of) students.(复数名词)

The room contained plenty of (or a lot of or lots of) furniture.(不可数名词)(2) a great (or a good) deal of, a large (or a small) quantity of, a large (or a small) amount of, 均表(量),修饰不可数名词。

The room contained a great deal of furniture. (不可数名词)

The room contained a good deal of furniture. (不可数名词)

The room contained a large quantity of furniture. (不可数名词)

The room contained a large amount of furniture. (不可数名词)

The room contained a small quantity of furniture. (不可数名词)

The room contained a small amount of furniture. (不可数名词)

(3) a number of “许多;一些”;a great (large, good) number of “许多”,修饰复数可数名词,并且要与复数动词连用。

A number of books are missing from the library.

The room contained a great (or large or good) number of students. (复数可数名词)

the number of +复数名词,其后谓语动词用单数

The number of books from the library is large.

(4) enough的用法:

(A) 可接复数可数名词和不可数名词。

There are enough chairs. (可数)

There is enough furniture. (不可数)

(B) 可放在年修饰名词的前后。

We don't have enough time. =We don't have time enough.

(5) hundreds of, dozens of, thousands of, scores of +复数可数名词

冠词或数词(one, two...) +(hundred, dozen, thousand, score) 复数可数名词(6) the rest of “其余的”,可接复数可数名词及不可数名词,作主词时,接可数名词则用复数动词,接不可数名词则用单数动词。

The rest of the students are absent. (复数可数名词)

The rest of the water was thrown away. 不可数名词)

other、another、the other的区别:

1. other作形容词,通常用在单数或复数名词的前面,意为“别的;其他的;另外的”。例如:

I'll come again some other day. 我改日再来。

2. the other表示已知的两个(或两部分)人或事物中,特指的“另一个”或“另一些”,其后可跟单数或复数名词。例如:

I have two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is a teacher. 我有两个兄弟。一位是医生,另一位是教师。

3. another泛指不定数中(三者或三者以上)的“另一个”。another前面不能用定冠词the,它作为限定词(定语)通常与单数名词连用,但是它后面可以跟few或基数词的复数名词。例如:

This glass is broken, get me another please. 这只玻璃杯坏了,请给我再拿一个。

I'll stay here in another few days. 我要在这儿再呆几天。

注意:other和another都可以用来修饰数词,表示“另外的;附加的”,但是结构不同。other的位置是“数词+other+复数名词”,相当于more的用法;而another则是“another+数词+复数名词”。例如:

今天下午我又写了两封信。

I wrote another two letters this afternoon.

=I wrote two other letters this afternoon.

) 一定范围内两人(物),一个用one,另一个用the other。

3) 一定范围内三者,一个用one,另一个用one (another),第三个可用the other,

a third。

4) 一定范围内,除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用the others。

5) 泛指别的人或物时,用others当在一定范围内,除去一部分后,剩余部分但不是全部时,也用others

other与others 的区别与搭配

1. 从是否确指来看

other和others均表示不确指意义,其中other后可以修饰名词,而others后不能再接名词,两者的关系可描述为:others=other+复数名词。如:

He never thinks of others. 他从来不为别人着想。

I don’t like these boo ks. Show me so me others. 我不喜欢这些书,再拿一些给我看。

第一句中的others=other people,意为“其他人”“别人”,泛指其他所有人;第二句中的others=other books,意为“其他的书”。

但是,若要表示确指意义,我们就在oth er和others前面使用定冠词,同样地,other 后可以修饰名词,而others后不能再接名词,两者的关系仍然存在the others=the other+

复数名词。如:

I started last in the race but I soon c aught up with the others. 我在赛跑中最后一个起跑,但不久就赶上了其他人。

句中的the others=the other people,意为“其他人”,其中的定冠词特指参加赛跑的所有其他人。

注意:the other后除接复数名词外,还可以接单数名词,此时不能用the others代替。如:

This seat is free; the other seat is tak en. 这个座位空着,那个座位有人。

2. 常用惯用表达

①one...the other表示“(两者中的)一个……另一个……”。如:

What I say goes in at one ear and ou t at the other. 我说话他是一只耳朵进,另一只耳朵出。

②one...the others表示“(好几个中的)一个……其余都……”。如:

Of their five children, one is in China and the others are abroad. 他们有五个小孩,一个在中国,其余的都在国外。

注:若为三者,想要表示“一个……另一个……剩下的一个……”,可用one...another... the other [the third...];若为四者,可用one... another...another [a third]...the other [the f ourth, the last]。

③some...the others表示“一些……其他一些的……”。如:

The search party was divided into tw o groups. Some went to the right, the oth ers went to the left. 搜寻小组一分为二,一部分向右,另一部分人向左。

④some…others表示“有的……有的……”。如:

Some people build while others destro y. 有些人建设而另一些人则破坏。

注:该结构也可说成some…some。如:

Some of us agree, some disagree. 我们有些人同意,有些人不同意。

1.other可作形容词或代词,做形容词时,意思是“别的,其他”,泛指“其他的(人或物)”。

如:

Do you have any other question(s)?

你还有其他问题吗?

Ask some other people.

问问别人吧!

Put it in your other hand.

把它放在你另一只手里。

2.the other指两个人或物中的一个时,只能用the other,不能用another,此时的other作代词。

如:

He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker.

他有两个女儿,一个是护士,另一个是工人。the other后可加单数名词,也可加复数名词,此时的other作形容词。如:

On the other side of the street,there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边,有一棵大树。

Mary is much taller than the other girls.

玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。

He lives on the other side of the river.

他住在河的对岸。

3.others是other的复数形式,泛指“另外几个”,“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。

如:

Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports.

我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞,其余的从事体育活动。

Give me some others, please.

请给我别的东西吧!

There are no other s.

没有别的了。

4.the others意思是“其他东西,其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的(人或物)”。是the other 的复数形式。

如:

Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home.

两个男孩将去动物园,其余的留在家里。

the others=the other +复数名词,这在第2条中已经有所介绍。

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