2014年12月四级真题3

2014年12月四级真题(第3套)

Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section A

Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully

before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the

corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may

not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions36to45are based on the following passage.

One principle of taxation,called the benefits principle,states that people should pay taxes based on the benefits they receive from government services.This principle tries to make public goods similar to36goods.It seems reasonable that a person who often goes to the movies pays more in37for movie tickets than a person who rarely goes.And38,a person who gets great benefit from a public good should pay more for it than a person who gets little benefit.

The gasoline tax,for instance,is sometimes39using the benefits principle.In some states,40from the gasoline tax are used to build and maintain roads.Because those who buy gasoline are the same people who use the roads,the gasoline tax might be viewed as a41way to pay for this government service.

The benefits principle can also be used to argue that wealthy citizens should pay higher taxes than poorer ones, 42because the wealthy benefit more from public services.Consider,for example,the benefits of police protection from43.Citizens with much to protect get greater benefit from police than those with less to protect. Therefore,according to the benefits principle,the wealthy should44more than the poor to the cost of 45the police force.The same argument can be used for many other public services,such as fire protection,national defense,and the court system.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A.adapt

B.contribute

C.exerting

D.expenses

E.fair

F.justified

G.maintaining

H.private

I.provided

J.revenues

K.similarly L.simply M.theft N.total O.wealth

Section B

Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the

information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with

a letter.Answer the questions by marking the coresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.

Grow up Colored

[A]You wouldn't know Piedmont anymore―my Piedmont,I mean—the town in West Virginia where I learned to

be a colored boy.

[B]The1950s in Piedmont was a time to remember,or at least to me.People were always proud to be from

Piedmont—lying at the foot of a mountain,on the banks of the mighty Potomac.We knew God gave America no more beautiful location.I never knew colored people anywhere who were crazier about mountains and water,flowers and trees,fishing and hunting.For as long as anyone could remember,we could outhunt, outshoot,and outswim the white boys in the valley.

[C]The social structure of Piedmont was something we knew like the back of our hands.It was animmigrant town;

white Piedmont was Italian and Irish,with a handful of wealthy WASPs(盎格鲁撒克逊裔的白人新教徒).on East Hampshire Street,and"ethnic"neighborhoods of working-class people everywhere else,colored and white.

[D]For as long as anyone can remember,Piedmont's character has been completely bound up with the Westvaco

paper mill:its prosperous past and doubtful future.At first glance,the town is a typical dying mill center.

Many once beautiful buildings stand empty,evidencing a bygone time of spirit and pride.The big houses on East Hampshire Street are no longer proud,as they were when I was a kid.

[E]Like the Italians and the Irish,most of the colored people migrated to Piedmont at the turn of the20th century

to work at the paper mill,which opened in1888.All the colored men at the paper mill worked on"the platform"—loading paper into trucks until the craft unions were finally integrated in1968.Loading is what Daddy did every working day of his life.That's what almost every colored grown-up I knew did.

[F]Colored people lived in three neighborhoods that were clearly separated.Welcome to the ColoredZone,a large

stretched banner could have said.And it felt good in there,like walking around your house in bare feet and underwear,or snoring(打鼾.right out loud on the couch in front of the TV—enveloped by the comforts of home,the warmth of those you love.

[G]Of course,the colored world was not so much a neighborhood as a condition of existence.And though our own

world was seemingly self-contained,it impacted on the white world of Piedmont in almost every direction.

Certainly,the borders of our world seemed to be impacted on when some white man or woman showed up where he or she did not belong,such as at the black Legion Hail.Our space was violated when one of them showed up at a dance or a party.The rhythms would be off.The music would sound not quite right.Everybody would leave early.

[HI Before1955,most white people were just shadowy presences in our world,vague figures of power like remote bosses at the mill or clerks at the bank.There were exceptions,of course,the white people who would come into our world in routine,everyday ways we all understood.Mr.Mail Man,Mr.Insurance Man,Mr.

White-and-Chocolate Milk Man,https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3115810757.html,ndlord Man,Mr.Police Man:we called white people by their trade, like characters in a mystery play.Mr.Insurance Man would come by every other week to collect payments on college or death policies,sometimes50cents or less.

[I]"It's no disgrace to be colored,"the black entertainer Bert Williams famously observed early in the century,

"but it is awfully inconvenient."For most of my childhood,we couldn't eat in restaurants or sleep in hotels,we couldn't use certain bathrooms or try on clothes in stores.Mama insisted that we dress up when we went to shop.She was carefully dressed when she went to clothing stores,and wore white pads called shields under her arms so her dress or blouse would show no sweat."We'd like to try this on,"she'd say carefully,uttering her words precisely and properly."We don't buy clothes we can't try on,"she'd say when they declined,and we'd walk out in Mama's dignified(有尊严的)manner.She preferred to shop where we had an account and where everyone knew who she was.

[J]At the Cut-Rate Drug Store,no one colored was allowed to sit down at the counter or tables,with one exception: my father.I don't know for certain why Carl Dadisman,the owner,wouldn't stop Daddy from sitting down.

But I believe it was in part because Daddy was so light-colored,and in part because,during his shift at the

phone company,he picked up orders for food and coffee for the operators.Colored people were supposed to stand at the counter,get their food to go,and leave.Even when Young Doc Bess would set up the basketball team with free Cokes after one of many victories,the colored players had to stand around and drink out of paper cups while the white players and cheerleaders sat down in comfortable chairs and drank out of glasses. [K]I couldn't have been much older than five or six as I sat with my father at the Cut-Rate one afternoon,enjoying ice cream.Mr.Wilson,a stony-faced Irishman,walked by."Hello,Mr.Wilson,"my father said"Hello, George".

[L]I was genuinely puzzled.Mr.Wilson must have confused my father with somebody else,but who?There weren't any Georges among the colored people in Piedmont."Why don't you tell him your name,Daddy?"I asked loudly."Your name isn't George.""He knows my name,boy,"my father said after a long pause."He calls all colored people George."

[M]I knew we wouldn't talk about it again;even at that age,I was given to understand that there were some subjects it didn't do to worry to death about.Now that I have children,I realize that what distressed my father wasn't so much the Mr.Wilsons of the world as the painful obligation to explain the racial facts of life to someone who hadn't quite learned them yet.Maybe Mr.Wilson couldn't hurt my father by calling him George;

but I hurt him by asking to know why.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46.The author felt as a boy that his life in a separated neighborhood was casual and cozy.

47.There is every sign of decline at the paper mill now.

48.One reason the author's father could sit and eat at the drug store was that he didn't look that dark.

49.Piedmont was a town of immigrants from different parts of the world.

50.In spite of the awful inconveniences caused by racial prejudice,the author's family managed to live a life of

dignity.

51.The author later realized he had caused great distress to his father by asking why he was wrongly addressed.

52.The author took pride in being from Piedmont because of its natural beauty.

53.Colored people called white people by the business they did.

54.Colored people who lived in Piedmont did heavy manual jobs at the paper mill.

55.The colored people felt uneasy at the presence of the whites in their neighborhoods.

Section C

Directions:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A）,B）,C）and D）.You should decide

on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the

centre.

Passage One

Questions56to60are based on the following passage.

Children are a delight.They are our future.But sadly,hiring someone to take care of them while you go to work is getting more expensive by the year.

Earlier this month,it was reported that the cost of enrolling an infant or small kid at a childcare center rose3% in2012,faster than the overall cost of living.There are now large strips of the country where daycare for an infant costs more than a tenth of the average married couple's income.

This is not necessarily a new trend,but it is a somewhat puzzling one.The price of professional childcare has

been rising since the1980s.Yet during that time,pay for professional childcare workers has stood still.Actually caregivers make less today,in real terms,than they did in1990.Considering that labor costs are responsible for up to80%of a daycare center's expenses,one would expect flat wages to have meant flat prices.

So who's to blame for higher childcare costs?

Childcare is a carefully regulated industry.States lay down rules about how many children each employee is allowed to watch over,the space care centers need per child,and other minute details.And the stricter the regulations,the higher the costs.If it has to hire a caregiver for every two children,it can't really achieve any economies of scale on labor to save money when other expenses go up.In Massachusetts,where childcare centers must hire one teacher for every three infants,the price of care averaged more than$16,000per year.In Mississippi, where centers must hire oneteacher for every five infants,the price of care averaged less than$5,000.

Unfortunately,I don't have all the daycare-center regulations handy.But I wouldn't be surprised if as the rules have become more elaborate,prices have risen.The tradeoff(交换)might be worth it in some cases;after all,the health and safety of children should probably come before cheap service.But certainly,it doesn't seem to be an accident that some of the cheapest daycare available is in the least regulated South.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56.What problem do parents of small kids have to face?

A.The ever-rising childcare prices.

B.The budgeting of family expenses.

C.The balance between work and family.

D.The selection of a good daycare center.

57.What does the author feel puzzled about?

A.Why the prices of childcare vary greatly from state to state.

B.Why increased childcare prices have not led to better service.

C.Why childcare workers'pay has not increased with the rising childcare costs.

D.Why there is a severe shortage of childcare professionals in a number of states.

58.What prevents childcare centers from saving money?

A.Steady increase in labor costs.

B.Strict government regulations.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3115810757.html,ck of support from the state.

D.High administrative expenses.

59.Why is the average cost of childcare in Mississippi much lower than in Massachusetts?

A.The overall quality of service is not as good.

B.Payments for caregivers there are not as high.

C.Living expenses there are comparatively low.

D.Each teacher is allowed to care for more kids.

60.What is the author's view on daycare service?

A.Caregivers should receive regular professional training.

B.Less elaborate rules about childcare might lower costs.

C.It is crucial to strike a balance between quality and costs.

D.It is better for different states to learn from each other.

Passage Two

Questions61to65are based on the following passage.

Alex Pang's amusing new book The Distraction Addiction addresses those of us who feel panic without a cellphone or computer.And that,he claims,is pretty much all of us.When we're not online,where we spend four months annually,we're engaged in the stressful work of trying to get online.

The Distraction Addiction is not framed as a self-help book.It's a thoughtful examination of the dangers of our

computing overdose and a historical overview of how technological advances change consciousness.A "professional futurist",Pang urges an approach which he calls"contemplative(沉思的)computing."He asks that you pay full attention to"how your mind and body interact with computers and how your attention and creativity are influenced by technology."

Pang's first job is to free you from the common misconception that doing two things at once allows you to get more done.What is commonly called multitasking is,in fact,switch-tasking,and its harmful effects on productivity are well documented.Pang doesn't advocate returning to a pre-Internet world.Instead,he asks you to"take a more ecological(生态的)view of your relationships with technologies and

look for ways devices or media may be making specific tasks easier or faster but at the same time making your work and life harder."

The Distraction Addiction is particularly fascinating on how technologies have changed certain fields of labor-often for the worse.For architects,computer-aided design has become essential but in some ways has cheapened the design process.As one architect puts it,"Architecture is first and foremost about thinking..,and drawing is a more productive way of thinking"than computer-aided design.

Somewhat less amusing are Pang's solutions for kicking the Internet habit.He recommends the usual behavior-modification approaches,familiar to anyone who has completed a not smoking program.Keep logs to study your online profile and decide what you can knock out,download a program like Freedom that locks you out of your browser,or take a"digital Sabbath(安息日)":"Unless you're a reporter or emergency-department doctor,you'll discover that your world doesn't fall apart when you go offline."

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.

61.Alex Pang's new book is aimed for readers who

A.find their work online too stressful

B.go online mainly for entertainment

C.are fearful about using the cellphone or computer

D.can hardly tear themselves away from the Internet

62.What does Alex Pang try to do in his new book?

A.Offer advice on how to use the Internet effectively.

B.Warn people of the possible dangers of Internet use.

C.Predict the trend of future technological development.

D.Examine the influence of technology on the human mind.

63.What is the common view on multitasking?

A.It enables people to work more effectively.

B.It is in a way quite similar to switch-tasking.

C.It makes people's work and life even harder.

D.It distracts people's attention from useful work.

64.What does the author think of computer-aided design?

A.It considerably cuts down the cost of building design.

B.It somewhat restrains architects'productive thinking.

C.It is indispensable in architects'work process.

D.It can free architects from laborious drawing.

65.What is Alex Pang's recommendation for Internet users?

A.They use the Internet as little as possible.

B.They keep a record of their computer use time.

C.They exercise self-control over their time online.

D.They entertain themselves online on off-days only.

Part IV Translation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You-should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.

越来越多的中国年轻人正对旅游产生兴趣，这是近年来的新趋势。年轻游客数量的不断增加，可以归因于他们迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心。随着旅行多了，年轻人在大城市和著名景点花的时间少了，他们反而更为偏远的地方所吸引。有些人甚至选择长途背包旅行。最近调查显示，很多年轻人想要通过旅行体验不同的文化、丰富知识、拓宽视野。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.

Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay about a classmate of yours who has influenced you most in college.You should state the reasons and write at least120words but no more

than180words.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2014年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题(总三套题)及答案

2014年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题（第一套）及 答案 Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. When young women were found to make only 82 percent of what their male peers do just one year out of college, many were at a loss to explain it. All the traditional reasons put forward to interpret the pay gap-that women fall behind when they leave the workforce to raise kids, for example, or that they don't seek as many management roles-failed to justify this one. These young women didn't have kids yet. And because they were just one year removed from their undergraduate degrees, few of these women yet had the chance to go after (much less decline) leadership roles. But there are other reasons why the pay gap remains so persistent. The first is that no matter how many women may be getting college degrees, the university experience is still an unequal one. The second is that our higher education system is not designed to focus on the economic consequences of our students' years on campus. Now that women are the majority of college students and surpass men in both the number of undergraduate and advanced degrees awarded, one might think the college campus is a pretty equal place. It is not. Studies show that while girls do better than boys in high school, they start to trail off during their college years. They enroll in different kinds of classes, tend to major in less rigorous (非常严格的) subjects, and generally head off with less ambitious plans. As a result, it's not surprising that even the best educated young women enter the workplace with a slight disadvantage. Their college experience leaves them somewhat confused, still stumbling (栽倒) over the dilemmas their grandmothers' generation sought to destroy. Are they supposed to be pretty or smart? Strong or sexy (性感的) All their lives, today's young women have been pushed to embrace both perfection and passion-to pursue science and sports, math and theater-and do it all as well as they possibly can. No wonder they are not negotiating for higher salaries as soon as they get out of school. They are too exhausted, and too scared of failing. 56. Traditionally, it is believed that women earn less than men because ______. A) they have failed to take as many rigorous courses B) they do not feel as fit for management roles C) they feel obliged to take care of their kids at home D) they do not exhibit the needed leadership qualities 57. What does the author say about America's higher education system? A) It does not offer specific career counseling to women. B) It does not consider its economic impact on graduates. C) It does not take care of women students' special needs. D) It does not encourage women to take rigorous subjects. 58. What does the author say about today's college experience? A) It is different for male and female students. B) It is not the same as that of earlier generations. C) It is more exhausting than most women expect. D) It is not so satisfying to many American students. 59. What does the author say about women students in college? A) They have no idea how to bring out their best. B) They drop a course when they find it too rigorous. C) They are not as practical as men in choosing courses. D) They don't perform as well as they did in high school. 60. How does the author explain the pay gap between men and women fresh from college?

2014年12月英语四级真题及答案.doc

2014年12月英语四级真题及答案（文字版） 考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对 Part I Writing Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the followin 作文题一：印象最深的活动 AA campus activity that has benefited most. 作文题二：印象最深的课程 A course that has impressed you most in college. 作文题三:印象最深的同学 A classmate of yours who has influenced you most in college． Section C Stunt people(替身演员) are not movie stars, but they are the hidden heroes of many movies. They were around long before films. Even Shakespeare may have used them in fight scenes. To be good, a fight scene has to look real. Punches must (26)______ enemies' jaws. Sword fights must be fought with(27)______ swords. Several actors are usually in a fight scene. Their moves must be set up so that no one gets hurt. It is almost like planning a dance performance. If a movie scene is dangerous, stun people usually(28)______the stars. You may think you see Tom Cruise running along the top of a train. But it is(29)______ his stunt double. Stunt people must(30)______ the stars they stand in for. Their height and build should be about the same. But when close-ups are needed, the film(31)______ the star. Some stunt people(32)______ in certain kinds of scenes. For instance, a stunt woman named Jan Davis does all kinds of jumps. She has leapt from planes and even off the top of a waterfall. Each jump required careful planning and expert(33)______. Yakima Canutt was a famous cowboy stunt man. Among other stunts, he could jump from a second story window onto a horse's back. He(34)______

2018年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及答案(三套全)

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2014年12月英语四级听力真题

Part II Listening Section A Directions：In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversat ions. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what w as said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each que stion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D)，and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding l etter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre. Question 1 A.The man is not good at balancing his budget. B.She will go purchase the gift herself. C.The gift should not be too expensive. D.They are gonging to Jane's house-warming party. Question 2 A.He is quite willing to give the woman a hand. B.It takes patience to go through the statistics. C.He has prepared the statistics for the woman. D.The woman should take a course in statistics. Question 3 A.Page 55 is missing from the woman's scripts. B.They cannot begin their recording right away. C.The woman does not take the recording seriously. D.The man wants to make some changes in the scripts. Question 4 A.The date of Carl's wedding. B.The birthday of Carl's bride. C.A significant event in July. D.Preparation for a wedding. Question 5 A.The woman forgot to tell the man in advance. B.The man was absent from the weekly meeting. C.The woman was annoyed at the man's excuse. D.The man was in charge of scheduling meetings. Question 6 A.The woman is a marvelous cook. B.The woman has just bought an oven.

2014年6月大学英语四级作文真题汇总分析及范文

2014年6月大学英语四级作文真题汇总分析及范文2014年6月的大学英语四级考试已经落下帷幕，大家最关心的英语四级作文话题也已经面世。 四级写作题目一： Suppose a foreign friend of yours in coming to visit your hometown. What is the place would you show him or her and why? 四级写作题目二： Suppose a foreign friend of yours in coming to visit your campus. What is the place would you show him or her and why? 四级写作题目三： Suppose a foreign friend of yours in coming to visit your China. What is the place would you show him or her and why? 与去年的图画作文模式不同，今年又重新回到了话题作文的形式，并且所给话题也是考生非常熟悉的，很容易展开思路。更令人惊奇的是今年的作文虽然有三个话题，但是话题设定的背景信息是趋同的，都是说外国朋友要来中国或来你的家乡或来你的学校，让你介绍一下中国/家乡/学校的特色，目的还是为了推介我们本土的文化特色，看来出题人是越来越看重中国传统文化的弘扬了。去年的翻译题当中就出现了一系列的对中国传统文化的介绍，像中餐，中国结，茶文化，中国园林，中秋等等。所以说，文化题材，特别是有关中国文化特色的题材要成为以后大家复习的重点内容。以后备考四六级的同学一定要多联系这个文化题材的翻译和写作。

2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题(2+答案)

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