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英文合同常见词汇及句型

1、开场白(合同的当事人背景介绍)

2、过渡条款

Now therefore, in consideration of the premises and covenants described herein-after, Party A and Party B agree as follows:

参考译文:因此,双方基于各自提供之对价订立本合同,并做如下约定:

注释和说明:”in consideration of premises and covenants”表示“在当事人提供的对价基础上”而非仅指“考虑到…”。读者应重点理解“premise”这个词。在一般场合下它是指与房屋相关的基础不动产或处所,但是在英文合同里边它却变成了“前提条件”。

3、结尾条款:

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by duly authorized representatives of both parties on the date and year first written above.

参考译文:本合同由被正当授权之人,于本协议于上述记载之日期代表双方当事人订立,特此证明。

注释和说明:

(1)“in witness whereof”的含义类似于中文合同中常见的“口说无凭,立此为证”。

(2)“execute”在英文合同中常解为“签署”,而非“执行”。

4、 favor, “ in favor of somebody”= ”in one’s favor”的意思主要有两种:

以某人为受益人、有利于某人

5、subject to sth.

1) 遵从、遵守:

This letter of Credit is subject to the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (1983 Revision), international Chamber of commerce, Publication .

2) 根据(法律、法规、合同)

3) 作动词用,意思是“服从于…”,“率属于…”,“使经受…”

4) 办理、存在。

5、 Without prejudice to “在不损坏……”。

6、 Any person who does... shall …表示任何做某人之人应。

7、 For the purpose of “就……而言”。

8、 Provided that 但是

10、in question “表示该”

11、including but not limited to “包括但不限于”

12、常理解为“有权利做某事”

1) have the right to do

2) be entitled to do

3) do sth. at one’s option or/ and discretion

4) have the authority to do

13、合同英语中“因为”的表达方法

1) owing to

2) attributable to

3) due to

4) in view of

5) by virtue of

14、notify sb. Of sth. in writing: 书面通知某人某事

15、in lieu of: 替代

16、关联企业:

1)affiliate: 广义上的具有法人人格的子公司,只要有参股关系即可,常翻译为“关联公司”

2)subsidiary: 狭义上的具有法人人格的子公司,一般须受母公司控股,常翻译为“子公司”

3)branch:一般指不具法人人格的分支机构,常翻译为“分公司”。

英文合同中常见的用词及句型(Usual Wordings and Sentence Patterns)

第一节合同常用词(Usual Wording)

当大量接触英文合同,就会发现英文合同中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高,往往影响或决定了对合同的准确理解,下面就分门别类从常见实词和常见虚词两个方面进行具体介绍:

1. Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词基本规则:Here代表this,there代表that,where代表which或what即here/there/where+介词=介词+this/that/which or what

Hereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此,由此,兹等意。

Herein:in this。此中,于此。

Hereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下,在下文。通常与 to be referred to as, referred as, called 连用。

Hereof:of this。关于此点,在本文件中。Hereunder:under this. 本文件规定。

Hereto:to this.本文件的。Thereof:of that.它的,其。Thereto:to that 与之,向那里。

Herewith:with this.与此,附此。Thereby:by that means.因此,由此,从而

Thereafter: after that,afterwards.此后。

Therein: in that; in that particular context; in that respect.在那里;在那点上;在那方面。

Therewith:with that.以此;此外。

Whereby: by the agreement; by the following terms and conditions, etc. 凭此协议,凭此条款等。

2. WITNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore, NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS, Know All Men by these presents,In witness Whereof, In Testimony Whereof, , Whereas, Now Therefore用于英文合同前言部分,In witness Whereof用于合同结尾证明部分,在第二章篇章结构特点中已有涉及,恕不赘述。

In Testimony Whereof: in Witness Whereof. 以此为证,特立此证。

NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS: 兹特立约为据, 本句话也是用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项。

KNOW ALL MEN by these presents:根据本文件,特此宣布。(通常用于前言部分)

Undersigned: 法律文件末尾的签名者,前面加定冠词the,是指文件签署者的自称。

3. Notwithstanding: in spite of, despite. 即使,尽管。

4. As

合同英语中as出现的频率极高,而且用法灵活多变,是典型的自由人。在某种意义上讲,as使用的熟练程度可以衡量合同英语的造诣。As 放在代表规定的provide,stipulate,set forth,prescribe等词的过去分词前,含义为“依照某某规定”。

例1:For purpose of this, Capital Account shall be adjusted hypothetically as provided for in Section herein.

基于此,应依照本合同第四条第六款调整资金账户。

另有Except as otherwise provided结构,表示“除非本文/某条款另有规定”。

As构成:as the case may be(视具体情况而定),as the case may require(视具体要求而定)和 as the Venturers may determine等短语。

As构成as of the date of ____ (date) 短语是英语合同中表示“自某年某月某日起”最正式的表达。

As与 such连用是英文合同中一大特色,参看本书第二章第三节部分,在此不在赘述。

5. foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above-mentioned, in question Foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above-mentioned一族,一般放在名词前作限定,意为“前述的”或“上述的”,为避免重复已经提到的姓名或名称。

In question: under consideration; being talk about. 通常表示“在考虑或讨论中的”某件事或某个问题,可译为“这”或“该”问题。

6. follows, as below, the following

这一族都表示“下列”,一般放在动词后,而the following作为“下列”在英文合同中用的较少。这样的例子俯手皆是,恐怕每个英文合同都少不了的。

7. according to, under, subject to, in accordance with, as per, as provided in, pursuant to, in compliance with

这一族都表示“依照,根据”合同的约定或者法律的规定。其中尤以“according to”最不正式,自然用的最少了,而“in accordance with”最为常见。

8. Including but not limited to与including, without limitation以及including by way of illustration but not limitation

英文合同表达“包括但不限于”时,就会用到这几个短语。

9. prior to, no later than, on or before,on and after,prior to, on or before,no later than, on or after常用在英文合同中限定日期,prior to表示“某日之前,提前多少日”。on or before, no(not) later than,表示“不迟于”,On and after表示“从某日起”。

to, due to, owing to, by virtue of, in view of, because of, on account of,considering, in consideration of

这一组短语出现在英文合同中都表示“因为”,其中due to,owing to,because of较不正式,很少使用。

二、英文合同常见实词(Content Words)

1. Represent, warrant, undertake, guarantee

在英文合同中这几个词都表示“保证”的含义。Represent 往往和warrant连用,出现在合同的声明保证部分:

例如:Under FOB terms, the Seller shall undertake to load the contracted goods on board the vessel nominated by the Buyer on any date notified by the Buyer, within the time of shipment as stipulated in Clause 8 of this Contract.

根据离岸价格术语,卖方应保证根据在本合同第八条规定的时限内,按买方通知的日期,装运货物至买方指定船只。

2. Principal place of business (principal office), domicile, business premise, registered office

在英文合同中,这几个词的意思分别是:“主营业地”、“住所地”、“营业场所”、“注册地”。往往出现在前言的“parties”部分。

例如:If franchisee is declared in default of the agreement, the franchiser has the right to conclude the terms of the agreement and also has the right, without notice to execute any dutiful and authorized acts, on the business premise necessary.

如被特许方承认违约,许可方则有权终止该协议且有权未经通知在必要的营业场所采取任何尽责和授权行为。

例如: The Arbitration shall be conducted in the country of the domicile of the defendant.

本仲裁应在被申请人住所地的国家进行。

3. Chapter, article, section, clause, paragraph, subparagraph

英文合同中的“章”、“条”、“款”、“项”分别用chapter, article/section/clause, paragraph, subparagraph 表示。

4. Have the right to do, be entitled to, may do, reserve the right to do, be (duly) authorized to do, have the authority to do, do sth at one’s option or/and discretion, be liberty to do

这一组短语是都表示“有权做”。Be entitled to表示to give sb. the right to sth.(to sth.)体现该权利法律上的强制性。

Reserve the right to do表示to have a specified power of right in law体现法律上规定的权利。而be authorized to do, have the authority to do指经授权而有的权利,至于do sth. at one’s option or/and discretion则指行为人自主决定的权利。

如:The supervision personnel appointed by Party A and its representative shall have the authority to supervise the progress of work and give instruction.

甲方任命的监管人员及其代表应有权监督工程进度并发出指令。

, fulfill, execute, implement英文合同表示合同履行时经常用到这几个词,perform表示to do what one party is obliged to do by a contract泛指双方履行合同的各项责任和义务,而fulfill表示to do everything which is promised in a contract强调合同一方具体履行合同的义务。Execute implement表示则强调具体实施,execute也有签约、生效的用法。

所有与合同或合同履行有关的争议,应通过友好协商解决。

by, observe, obey, comply with

这几个词在英文合同中都表示“遵守,服从,”的意思。Comply with的主语通常是Sth.而observe和abide by 则的主语通常是Sb.

例如:The delivered equipment shall be installed and tested by Party B and shall fully comply with the technical requirements and processing quality of the contract.

所交付的设备应由乙方安装调试,应完全符合本合同的技术要求和工艺质量。

7. have the legal obligation to do, be obliged/obligated to, shall do, be under the obligation to do,be liable/responsible to do, be liable/responsible for,

在英文合同中这一组短语都表达“有责任、有义务”。Shall do sth.在第二章英文合同特点时,已经述及,在此不再赘述。其他短语的用法,参看下例:

例1:The Company has no legal obligation, absolute or contingent, to any other Person to sell any material portion of the assets of the Company, to sell any material portion of the capital stock or other ownership interests of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or to effect any merger, consolidation or other reorganization of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or to enter into any agreement with respect thereto.

本公司没有完全或随附的任何法律义务向任何他人出售公司资产的任何重要部分,出售股本的任何重要部分或本公司或其任一子公司的其他所有权权益,或实现本公司或任一子公司的并购、合并或其他的重组或签订有关以上事项的协议。

8.在基础英语中,effect一般作名词,指效果、影响,英文合同中如:come into effect表示生效,sth. in

例如:This contract shall come into effect on the date when it is signed by both parties.

本合同从双方签字之日起生效。

The Buyer shall accept the bill of exchange immediately upon the first presentation of the bill of exchange and the required documents and shall effect the payment on the maturity date of the bill of exchange.

汇票一经承兑交单,买方应在汇票到期时完成支付。

此外,当表达实际上,事实上的含义时,英文合同常用in effect, 而不是in fact.

, copy, duplicate, original

在英文合同中,Counterpart, copy, duplicate, original 都用作表示合同一式几份。Counterpart, copy 和duplicate指副本,而original指的是正本,而且duplicate就有双重双份的意思,也常见in duplicate的用法,与此类似的还有in triplicate(一式三份), in quadruplicate(一式四份),in quintuplicate(一式五份),in sextuplicate (一式六份),in septuplicate(一式七份),in octuplicate (一式八份),in nonuplicate (一式九份),in decuplicate (一式十份)等等。

英文合同中incur指“招致,引起”,相当于基础英语中的cause。通常以过去分词incurred形式出现。

例如:In case her age exceeds 15 years, the extra average insurance premium thus incurred shall be borne by the Seller.

如果她的年龄超过15岁,则由买方承担因此产生的平均保险费以外的费用。

作为法律专用语,to-wit的意思为“即”,相当于基础英语中的“that is to say.)”。

, approval, examination

英文合同表示审批、批准时,常常使用这几个词,sanction尤其专用于合同。

第三节英语合同的常用句型(Sentence Patterns)

一、in the event that(短语为in the event of), in case(短语为in case of), providing(that), provided(that), on the conditions that, if(if and whenever), where, in so far as(insofar as), should, suppose/supposing(that)在英文合同中,以上这些词常用来引导条件从句表示“如果、假如”等情形,至于基础英语中常用的“as long as”在英文合同非常鲜见。

如:In case part of or all know-how of the above-mentioned technical contents have been published by Party B or Third Parties A obtains evidence of such publication, then Party A shall no longer be responsible for keeping

secret and confidential the part already published.

如上述专有技术的一部分或全部已由第三方公布,而甲方也掌握了已公布的证据,则甲方不再承担保密义务。

相关链接:in no case, in no event, in the case of,in any case等。

in no case和in no event表示“决不”即无论怎样都不行。

例如:Vessel over 20 years of age shall in no event be acceptable to the Buyer.船龄超过20年的买

In the case of 就什么来说,关于,in any case 无论如何

例如:In the case of dangerous and/or poisonous cargo (es), the Seller is obliged to take care to ensure that the

nature and the generally adopted symbol shall be marked conspicuously on each package.

关于危险或有毒货物,卖方有义务照管确保其属性安全且应在每一包装上标注通常采用的标识。

英文合同合同常用词

英文合同合同常用词 第一节合同常用词(Usual Wording)(1) 当大量接触英文合同,就会发现英文合同中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高,往往影响或决定了对 合同的准确理解,下面就分门别类从常见实词和常见虚词两个方面进行具体介绍: 一、英文合同常用虚词(Usual Function Words) 1.Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词 基本规则:Here 代表this,there 代表that,where 代表which 或what 即here/there/where+介词=介词 +this/that/which or what Hereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此,由此,兹等意。 例句:The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the undermentioned goods

subject to the following conditions:买方向卖方订购下列商品,条件如下: Herein:in this。此中,于此。 例句:The minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A. 在此规定的最低特许权 使用费应由乙方付给甲方。 Hereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下,在下文。通常与to be referred to as, referred as, called 连 用。 例句:This Agreement is made and concluded on ______, (date)____(year), by and between _____(hereinafter called Party A) on the one hand and _____(hereinafter called Party B) on the other hand. 本协议书于____年___月___日由_____(以下简称甲方)为一方,与_____(以下简称乙方)为另一方 签订。

英文合同常用词

英文合同常用词、短语和句型 1.订立、变更合同 动词 Make a contract / Enter into / form / create / conclude / execute /covenant 名词 the making of / the conclusion of a contract / the entry into contract / the formation of / the creation of / the conclusion of / the execution of a contract / covenant This agreement/contract is made and entered into 8th of August, 2008 by and between Party A and Party B. 2.合同的终止、解除、撤销 terminate a contract 通常指合同在约定期满前终止履行,可双方同意而作出,也指一方因另一方违约而行使的一种救济权。美国“终止”指合同各方未违反合同约定而依法终止合同。 cancel a contact 因另一方违约而解除合同,其效力基本等同于terminate,不同是撤销方仍有权对整个合同或中未履行部分主张救济。 discharge a contract 合同当事人的合同关系已终止。 rescind a contract 免除当事人之间的合同义务,将当事人各自地位恢复到合同订立之前状态。 revoke a contract 即以取消或撤回的方式废止或宣布无效。出于行为人的意愿,即主动发出的行为。

合同中常用词及句型
1.常用虚词 shall, notwithstanding, as, foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above mentioned, according to, under, subject to, in accordance with, as per, as provided in, pursuant, under or in accordance with the agreement, as provided herein, as provided in hereof, include but not limited to, with prejudice, whereas, hereof, hereto, herein, hereby, hereinafter, hereunder, thereof,

英文合同常见词汇及句型

英文合同常用词汇和句型 1、开场白(合同的当事人背景介绍) 2、过渡条款 Now therefore, in consideration of the premises and covenants described herein-after, Party A and Party B agree as follows: 参考译文:因此,双方基于各自提供之对价订立本合同,并做如下约定: 注释和说明:”in consideration of premises and covenants”表示“在当事人提供的对价基础上”而非仅指“考虑到…”。读者应重点理解“premise”这个词。在一般场合下它是指与房屋相关的基础不动产或处所,但是在英文合同里边它却变成了“前提条件”。 3、结尾条款: IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by duly authorized representatives of both parties on the date and year first written above. 参考译文:本合同由被正当授权之人,于本协议于上述记载之日期代表双方当事人订立,特此证明。 注释和说明: (1)“in witness whereof”的含义类似于中文合同中常见的“口说无凭,立此为证”。 (2)“execute”在英文合同中常解为“签署”,而非“执行”。 4、favor, “in favor of somebody”= ”in one’s favor”的意思主要有两种: 以某人为受益人、有利于某人 5、subject to sth. 1) 遵从、遵守: This letter of Credit is subject to the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (1983 Revision), international Chamber of commerce, Publication No.400. 2) 根据(法律、法规、合同) 3) 作动词用,意思是“服从于…”,“率属于…”,“使经受…” 4) 办理、存在。 5、Without prejudice to “在不损坏……”。 6、Any person who does... shall …表示任何做某人之人应。 7、For the purpose of “就……而言”。 8、Provided that 但是 9、Notwithstanding “即使,表示一种让步”。 10、in question “表示该” 11、including but not limited to “包括但不限于” 12、常理解为“有权利做某事” 1)have the right to do 2)be entitled to do 3)do sth. at one’s option or/ and discretion 4)have the authority to do 13、合同英语中“因为”的表达方法 1)owing to 2)attributable to 3)due to 4)in view of 5)by virtue of 14、notify sb. Of sth. in writing: 书面通知某人某事 15、in lieu of: 替代 16、关联企业: 1)affiliate: 广义上的具有法人人格的子公司,只要有参股关系即可,常翻译为“关联公司”

英文合同常用词汇

英文合同常用词汇 第一节合同常用词(Usual Wording)(1) 当大量接触英文合同,就会发现英文合同中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高,往往影响或决定了对 合同的准确理解,下面就分门别类从常见实词和常见虚词两个方面进行具体介绍: 一、英文合同常用虚词(Usual Function Words) 1.Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词 基本规则:Here 代表this,there 代表that,where 代表which 或what 即here/there/where+介词=介词 +this/that/which or what Hereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此,由此,兹等意。 例句:The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the undermentioned goods subject to the following conditions:买方向卖方订购下列商品,条件如下: Herein:in this。此中,于此。 例句:The minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A. 在此规定的最低特许权 使用费应由乙方付给甲方。 Hereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下,在下文。通常与to be referred to as, referred as, called 连 用。 例句:This Agreement is made and concluded on ______, (date)____(year), by and between _____(hereinafter called Party A) on the one hand and _____(hereinafter called Party B) on the other hand. 本协议书于____年___月___日由_____(以下简称甲方)为一方,与_____(以下简称乙方)为另一方 签订。 Hereof:of this。关于此点,在本文件中。 Hereunder:under this. 本文件规定。 例句:Both parties agree to attempt to resolve all disputes between the parties with respect to the application or interpretation of any term hereof of transaction hereunder, through amicable negotiation.合

常见英文合同翻译与详解

常见英文合同翻译与详解

引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。 合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。 一.hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹 用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语;在条款中需要强调时也可用。 语法:一般置于主语后,紧邻主语. 例1: The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and co mpletion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other s um as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manne r prescribed by the Contract. 参考译文: 业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。 注释: (1)hereby: by reason of this 特此 (2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同 (3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工 (4)therein: in the Works在本工程中 (5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价 (6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which (7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照 (8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款 例2: We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correc t and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provi de documentary proof upon your request. 注释: (1)hereby:特此 (2)to the best of our knowledge:as far as we know据我们所知 (3)foregoing statement:above-mentioned statement上述声明 (4)herein:in this, in the statement在声明中 (5)documentary proof:证明文件 参考译文: 特此证明,据我们所知,上述声明内容真实,正确无误,并提供了全部现有的资料和数据,我们同意,

英文合同常见词汇及句型

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物资,运费 freight, transportation 合同总额(含安装费与税金) Contract amount incl. VAT installation 3. 付款条件 payment conditions, payment terms 4. 交货地点 delivery place 5. 发货期 delivery time 6. 安装条款 installation clause 7. 验收条款 inspection clause 8. 保证条款 guarantee clause 9. 不可抗拒条款 Force Majeure Clause 10. 违约条款 Breach clause 11. 其他条款 Miscellaneous clause 12. 买卖双方信息 buyer and seller information 此合同一式二份,由双方各持一正本。This contract is ma de in two originals that should be held by each party.涉外合同格式 涉外合同按繁简不同,尽管能够采取不同书面形式,如正式合同(Contract)、协议书(Agreement)、确认书(Confirma tion)、备忘录(Memorandum)、订单(Order)等等,然而一般都包含如下几个部分:

(整理版)合同翻译常用

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英文合同常用虚词

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英文合同合同常用词

英文合同合同常用词

英文合同合同常用词 第一节合同常用词(Usual Wording)(1) 当大量接触英文合同,就会发现英文合同中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高,往往影响或决定了对 合同的准确理解,下面就分门别类从常见实词和常见虚词两个方面进行具体介绍: 一、英文合同常用虚词(Usual Function Words) 1. Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词 基本规则:Here 代表 this,there 代表 that,where 代表 which 或what 即 here/there/where+介词=介词

+this/that/which or what Hereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此,由此,兹等意。 例句:The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the undermentioned goods subject to the following conditions:买方向卖方订购下列商品,条件如下: Herein:in this。此中,于此。 例句:The minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A. 在此规定的最低特许权 使用费应由乙方付给甲方。 Hereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下,在下文。通常与 to be referred to as, referred as, called 连 用。 例句:This Agreement is made and concluded on ______, (date)____(year), by and between

合同常见术语

必备条款 essential clauses / provisions 一般条款 general provisions 特殊条款special provisions 章、条、款、项、目(英文合同25) 首部 non-operative part (当事人部分 parties 陈述部分 recital) 正文 operative part 陈述部分recital (包括:鉴于条款 whereas clause和约因consideration) 尾部 closing part (证明部分 attestation 签字 signature 附件 appendix) 当事人的名称、姓名和住所 name and domicile of the parties 适格主体 competent parties 标的 contract object , subject matter 数量 quantity 质量 quality 价款或者报酬 price or remuneration 对价 consideration 履行时效、地点和方式 time limit, place and method of performance 违约责任 default / liability for breach of contract 除外规定 exception 解决争议的方法 methods to settle disputes 变更 modification 终止 termination 撤销cancellation 解除rescission 主体的变更或权利义务的整体转让 novation 通知 notice 违约责任 default / breach of contract 救济 remedies

英文合同用词及关键细节

英文合同用词及关键细节 英文合同用词及关键细节(1) 本文章共2045字,分2页,当前第1页,快速 翻页:12 商务合同属于法律性公文,所以英译时,有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词,就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。

一?公文副詞 但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现,这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替,从而影响到译文的质量。 实际上,这种公文语惯用副同为数并不多,而已构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由here、there、where 等副词分别加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with 等畐U词,构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如: 从此以后、今后:hereafter ;此后、以后:thereafter ;在其上:there on \thereup on ; 在其下:thereunder ; 对于这个:hereto ; 对于那个:whereto ; 在上文:herein above'here in before ; 在下文:hereinafter'hereinbelow ; 在上文中、在上一部分中:there in before ;

在下文中、在下一部分中:thereinafter . 现用两个实例,说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。 例1:本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。 This Con tract shall come in to force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder. 例2:下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品,其品牌以此为合适。 The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in China. 二、谨慎选用极易混淆的词语 英译商务合同时,常常由于选同不当而寻致词不达意或者意思模棱两可,有时甚至表达的是完全不同的含义。因此了解与掌握极易混淆的词语的区别是极为重要的,是提高英译质量的关键因素之一,现把常用且易混淆的七对词语,用典型实例论述如

英文合同常用词汇与句型

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