人教版选修八Unit 1语法学案

Book8 unit1 Grammar名词性从句

名词性从句的功能: 功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。名词性从句:表语从句、宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句

一、主语从句

小组讨论，找出下列句子的主语并总结。

1.A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.

2.I don’t know if it will grow.

3.To give is better than to receive

4.That light travels in straight lines is known to all.

总结：主语可由____词、____词、数词、不定式、动名词和______等来承担。一般位于谓动词________。

一、小组讨论并判断下列句子那些是主语从句。Yes or No?

1.That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.

2.I think that you must work harder.

3.The fact is that we have lost the game.

4.When they will come is unknown.

5.Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.

6.Whatever you did is right.

7.What we need is time.

8.It is certain that he will win the match.

二．课堂练习：

（1）________he said was not true.

（2）________he likes most is reading.

（3）_______he is brave is true.

（4）_______ will take part in the meeting has not been decided.

（5）________she is from is unknown.

（6）________she keeps healthy is a secret.

（7）________can join in the sport meet is decided by the teacher.

（8）________book I shall choose hasn’t been decided.

三、主语从句特殊用法：

1. It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.

It + be + 名词/形容词+主语从句

2. It seems that he has seen the film. 似乎

It+不及物动词(seem, happen, matter)+主语从句

3. It is said that President Obama will visit our school next week. 据说…

It＋过去分词＋从句

总结：it 做形式主语，为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末。

四、主语从句在写作中的运用。

(1) ______________(众所周知)China launched their Shenzhou XI manned spaceship successfully on October 17,2016, carrying two Chinese astronauts, Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong. After 33-days stay in space, they returned to the earth . In their opinion, (2) _____________ (这是他们的荣幸) that they were chosen to be the astronauts of Shenzhou XI spaceship. During their trip,(3) ____________(令他们惊讶的事) was that the gravity became very strong when their rocket rose into the air. However, (4)_______________(让他们振奋的事) was seeing the earth from space. They also said that it didn’t matter(5) ______________ (多么困难) They would finish the task with heart and soul. All in all, it is a new chapter for China’s space industry.

二、宾语从句

1、定义：在复合句中作动词或介词宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

2、类别

1）动词后的宾语从句:

I heard_______ he would come here later on.

2）介词后的宾语从句:

He said nothing about ________ broke the window last night.

某些形容词或过去分词后的宾语从句

① I am not sure I ought to do.

3、宾语从句的引导词

(1) 从属连词that

① He told us ________________________. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。

② I know_______________________.我知道他已经回来了。（此处that可省略）

分析：从句中________(缺/不缺)句子成分，____（有/无）实际意义，

只起连接作用，所以填that

(2)从属连词if/whether。如：

① I doubt _____________________. 我怀疑他是否会成功。

②I don’t know __________________. 我不知道你能否帮助我。

分析：从句中_______(缺/不缺)句子成分，意为______,只起连接作用，所以填if/ whether

whether 与if 引导宾语从句的区别

操练：用if/whether填空。

①_____________ she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题。

②I'm interested in _____________ he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。

③ Let me know _______________ or not he will come. 让我知道他是否能来。

④He hasn't decided ________ to visit the old man. 他尚未决定是否拜访那位人。

⑤______________ this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。

⑥ People doubt __________________ he is a thief. 人们怀疑他是否是小偷。

⑦ He asked ______ I didn’t come to school yesterday.他问我昨天是否没来学校。

5、注意事项

1）从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省略。

He phoned us to tell (that) it was time for us to set off and______ he would wait for

us at the first crossing. (第一个that 可省略，第二个that 不可省略)

2）在insist，demand，order，suggest, propose, advise, desire等表示坚持、命令、

建议等意义的动词后，that宾语从句中谓语常用“(should)+动词原形”，表示虚拟。

Wangwei insisted that she __________________ (organize) the trip well.

3）动词+it + 形容词或惯用搭配+that从句，it为形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。I think___________ necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .

4）动词doubt用于否定结构或疑问结构时，宾语从句的引导词用that。

5）否定前移：I don’t think you are right.____________________.(翻译)

三、表语从句

1）The trouble is ______she has lost his money.麻烦的事是他丢了钱。_不作成分2）The question is __________ we need more ice cream. _____不作成分

1）The question is _______ of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去(作定语)

2） The problem was _____ could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。(作主语) 3)That's________ he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。(作宾语)

Time is _________ we should treasure.时间应该是我们珍惜的。(作宾语)

China is no longer _________ it used to be. 中国不再是过去的中国。(作表语)

1)Go and get your coat. It's _____ you left it. 去把雨衣拿来就在你原来放的地方。2）I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s__________ I got wet through.

我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。

3) __________ is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.

那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。

引导名词性从句的连接词

连词：that/whether /if (主语从句没有if)

连接代词：who/what/ which（哪一个）/whose wh+ever

连接副词：when/where/how/why

总结：（1）_______只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。

（2）__________在从句充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。

（3）________在从句中充当状语。(4)在主语从句，表语从句中的that不能省。实践冲关：

一、单句改错

1、That they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in

the world.

2、Why farmland here is being lost is because farmers have cut down too many

trees in recent years.

3、If the famous scientist will come to attend the agricultural conference is not

known yet.

4、The question is if the enemy is marching towards us..

5、Tell me what it has happened to you.

6、We consider that impossible that we finish it in a day.

7、Mother made a promise if I got the prize, she would buy a bike.

8、He didn’t come yesterday. That is why he was ill.

9、The bus was empty, so I could take which seat I liked.

10、It is difficult for us to imagine how life was like for slaves in the ancient

world.

二、语法填空。

Thomas Edison was one of the ten said to be the greatest genius of his age. There are only a few men in all of the history,1. has changed the lives of other men as much as the inventor of the first useful electric light. 2. Edison could never be happy only 3. someone said 4. he was a genius. “There is no such thing 5. genius,” Edison said. He said 6.people called genius was mostly hard work.

But Edison was a dreamer as well as a worker. From his earliest days as a child he wondered about the secrets of nature. Nature, he often said, is full of secrets. He tried to understand them; then, he tried to learn 7. could usually be done with them.

Edison enjoyed thinking. He knew 8. most people will do almost anything instead of the difficult work of thinking, especially 9. they do not think very often. But he knew, too, 10. thinking can give men enjoyment and pleasure.

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