英语笔译实务 3级配套训练 第十三单元 英译汉(二)Nonverbal Communication

英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十三单元

英译汉（二）

Nonverbal Communication

Nonverbal mistakes are often are more difficult to avoid than verbal ones. For example, the amount of appropriate eye contact varies according to the country. When negotiating with the Japanese, I have learned to use intermittent eye contact across the bargaining table rather than starting directly. Southeast Asians also find an intense gaze unpleasant. During my first week on assignment in Singapore, my secretary nervously asked me, “Boss, why do you always look at us so fiercely?” While you may learn to use an indirect gaze in East and Southeast Asia, you have to unlearn that lesson when doing business in the Mediterranean region, West Asia, and Latin America. These expressive people believe to demons trate interest in the “windows of the soul.” They want to look you in the eye to demonstrate interest in the discussion and to show that they are honest and sincere. If you use indirect eye contact, you may be regarded as insincere – perhaps even dishonest.

Appropriate eye contact is also important socially. In the U.S., people generally look straight ahead while walking side-by-side with a

1 / 4

friend. But in the more expressive societies of southern Europe, such behavior will be considered cold and impersonal. In those countries, people prefer to read your eyes and facial expressions as they talk to you.

Another important consideration is being sensitive of people’s personal space, which varies according to the culture. For example, two U.S. businessmen meeting for the first time will stand about an arm’s length apart while two Arab men may stand almost face-to-face. For West Asians, being kept “at arm’s length” signals unfriendliness.

Another variable aspect of body language is touch behavior, which differs greatly even between such close neighbors as the British and the French. Researchers recently videotaped couples in Paris and London cafes and counted the number of times touched each other in one hour. They recorded an average about 100 touches per hour in Paris and no touching at all in London.

课文词汇

nonverbal 非言语的

intermittent 断断续续的，间歇的，时断时续的

impersonal 不牵涉个人感情的；不专属某人的；不指定某人的videotape 录像

参考译文

非言语交际

非言语交际中出现的错误往往比言语交际中的错误更难避免。比如说，会谈时目光交流多少次才是恰当的，在不同国家就差别很大。和日本人谈判时，我学会了在谈判桌上要不时地与对光的目光错开，不能一直盯着对方。东南亚人也对直视感到不舒服。我刚到新加坡工作的第一周，我的秘书就紧张地问我：“老板，你为什么老是严厉地盯着我们？”在东亚和东南亚要学会不去直视对方，而在地中海地区、西亚和拉丁美洲谈生意时，你就得故意忘掉这些。这些感情外露的人把眼睛当作“心灵的窗户”。在交谈中，他们直视你以表示他们对谈话感兴趣，还表示诚实和真诚。如果你不直视对方，你就会被认为是不真诚——甚至是不诚实的。

恰当的目光交流对社会交往也是很重要的。在美国，当人们和朋友肩并肩行走时，目光通常是向前看的。但在感情丰富的南欧人看来，这种行为会被认为是冷酷和不近人情的。在这些地区，人们更喜欢在交谈时读懂你目光和面部表情中透露的含义。

另外一个重要的方面是注意谈话人之间的距离。这也因文化的不同而不同。比如，两个美国商人第一次见面时保值一个手臂长度的距离，而两个阿拉伯人首次见面就几乎是脸对着脸。对西亚人来说，“保持一臂的距离”是不友好的表示。

3 / 4

另一个形体语言的不同是人们之间的触摸方式，这种行为像英法这样的近邻之间差异都很大。研究人员最近对在巴黎和伦敦咖啡馆中的情侣们摄像，并数了他们在一个小时中相互触摸的次数。记录显示，在巴黎平均一小时触摸100次左右，而在伦敦，一次都没有。

20121111CATTI二级笔译第2篇英译汉试题+答案+解析

20121111CATTI二级笔译第2篇英译汉试题+答案+解析[原创] 详见https://www.wendangku.net/doc/444658995.html,/Item/16803.aspx 原文 The ancient frozen dome cloaking Greenland is so vast that pilots have crashed into what they thought was a cloud bank spanning the horizon. Flying over it, you can scarcely imagine that it could erode fast enough to dangerously raise sea levels any time soon. Along the flanks in spring and summer, however, the picture is very different. For an increasing number of warm years, a network of blue lakes and rivulets of melt-water has been spreading ever higher on the icecap. The melting surface darkens, absorbing up to four times as much energy from the sun as snow, which reflects sunlight. Natural drainpipes called moulins carry water from the surface into the depths, in some places reaching bedrock. The process slightly, but measurably, lubricates and accelerates the grinding passage of ice towards the sea. Most important, many glaciologists say, is the break-up of huge semi-submerged clots of ice where some large Greenland glaciers, particularly along the west coast, squeeze through fiords as they meet the warming ocean. As these passages have cleared, this has sharply accelerated the flow of many of these creeping, corrugated and frozen rivers. Some glaciologists fear that the rise in seas in a warming world could be much greater than the upper estimate of about 60 centimetres this century made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change last year. (Seas rose less than 30 centimetres last century.) The panel's assessment did not include factors known to contribute to ice flows but not understood well enough to estimate with confidence. SCIENTIFIC scramble is under way to clarify whether the erosion of the world's most vulnerable ice sheets, in Greenland and west Antarctica, can continue to accelerate. The effort involves field and satellite analyses and sifting for clues from past warm periods, Things are definitely far more serious than anyone would have thought five years ago. II参考译文 1.参考译文1 来源于 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/444658995.html,/thread-3069399-1-1.html#1017726-tieba-1-70529-13b86649721407872d4252e6b3d972b a 格林兰岛被广袤的原始冰层所笼罩，飞行员曾将冰层误认为地平线上隆起的云堤迎头相撞。飞越冰岛，你很难想象冰层被侵蚀的速度会如此之快，似乎冰岛随时都有被海水淹没的危险。 值初春夏末之际，格陵兰岛却呈现出一幅截然不同的景象。由于连续多年气候变暖，蓝色湖泊与融水溪流交织的水网在冰盖之上越漫越广。 积雪可折射太阳光，而融化处表面的颜色变深，吸收的太阳热量是积雪表面吸收热量的四倍。冰臼像天然的排水管道将融化的雪水从表面灌向底层，有些区域一直通向基岩。 这一过程对冰层向海水的倾斜起到催化加速的作用。进程虽然缓慢，但却视之可见。 多名冰川学家称，最严重的问题是，因遇到海洋暖流，格林兰岛上的大块冰山挤过海湾之时，会引发大块半漂浮冰层的断裂，尤其是在西部沿海区域。冰山活动明显，极大地为诸多蜿蜒褶皱的冰流推波助澜。 部分冰川学家担心，全球变暖环境下，海平面上升的高度将远远超过政府间气候变化专门委员会去年预测的涨幅上限--60厘米。（上世纪，海平面已上涨近30厘米。）

英语二英汉互译答案

UNIT 1 一.英译汉。 1. On university campuses in Europe, mass socialist or communist movements gave rise to increasingly violent clashes between the establishment and the college students, with their new and passionate commitment to freedom and justice. -在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。 2. These days political, social and creative awakening seems to happen not because of college, but in spite of it. Of course, it's true that higher education is still important. For example, in the UK, Prime Minister Blair was close to achieving his aim of getting 50 per cent of all under thirties into college by 2010 (even though a cynic would say that this was to keep them off the unemployment statistics). 现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。 3. I never hoped to understand the nature of my generation or how American colleges are changing by going to Lit Theory classes. This is the class where you look cool, a bit sleepy from too many late nights and wearing a T-shirt with some ironic comment such as "Been there, done that and yes, this IS the T-shirt". 我从没指望通过上文学理论课来了解我这一代人的特征，或了解美国大学在如何变化。这门课是让你在课堂上扮酷的——带着一丝熬夜太多的困劲儿，穿着一件T恤衫，上面印着―去过那儿，干过那事儿，对，这就是那件T恤衫‖，或诸如此类带有揶揄意味的俏皮话。 4. We're a generation that comes from what has been called the short century (1914–1989), at the end of a century of war and revolution which changed civilizations, overthrew repressive governments, and left us with extraordinary opportunities and privilege, more than any generation before. 我们这一代人来自所谓的短世纪（1914－1989），生于其后期。这个世纪充满了战争和革命，它改变了人类文明，推翻了强权政府，给我们留下了非同寻常的机会和特权。我们所得到的机会与特权比从前任何一代人都要多。 二.汉译英。 1. 政府采取的一系列措施不但没有化解矛盾，反倒激起更多的暴力冲突。反对党联合工会

大学英语二第二次作业

题号:1 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 __________ each question, the teacher writes the correct answer and three other statements that look like correct ones. ?A、As to ?B、Except fo ?C、Along with ?D、In addition 标准答案：c 说明： 题号:9 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 The army has _____________ a successful attack on the anti-government organization. ?A、computerized ?B、achieved ?C、scheduled ?D、completed 标准答案：d 说明： 题号:2 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 __________ brought up and educated in Chicago, the author is most famous for his stories about New York City. ?A、Since ?B、As

?C、Although ?D、When 标准答案：c 说明： 题号:3 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 ____________ all the electronic devices, computers have the greatest significance in modern technology. ?A、On ?B、In ?C、with ?D、Of 标准答案：d 说明： 题号:4 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 If we compare the weather in Nanjing ___________ in London, we find there are many differences. ?A、with it ?B、with that ?C、and ?D、with 标准答案：b 说明： 题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 It will not take more than five hours ____________ to Beijing by train by the end of the year.

大学英语(三)(第五次作业-英译汉)

大学英语（三）（第五次作业英译汉）96.67分 1.A good memory is a great help in learning a language. a. 记住要好好帮助学习语言。 b. 好的记忆力极有助于语言学习。 2.I was too excited to say a word in front of him. a. 我当时太激动，以至于在他面前什么也说不出来。 b. 我当时太激动，以至于在他面前只说了一个字。 3.How long has she lived there? a. 她在那儿住多久了？ b. 她怎么会住在那儿？ 4.Telling the way to a place for free. a. 免费指路。 b. 有空带你去这个地方。 5.Let me type in your address and then open the account. a. 我先记下你的地址，然后开始计算。 b. 我先输入你的地址，然后开户。 6.He has sympathy for all poor people. a. 他希望穷人多听交响乐。 b. 他对穷人都富有同情心。 7.We should encourage him to have confidence in himself. a. 我们应该鼓励他对这件事有信心。 b. 我们应该鼓励他有自信。（已订正） 8.Olympic Games can make Chinese people work harder. a. 中国人更加努力建设北京奥运会。 b. 北京奥运会让中国人更加努力的工作。 9.He was very happy to hear from his old friend. a. 他很高兴收听到老朋友的声音。 b. 他很高兴收到老朋友的信。 10.Fred was such a hardworking student that he soon came out first in the class. a. 弗瑞德是一个学习十分用功的学生，以至于不久他就成了班里学习最好的学生。 b. 弗瑞德是一个学习十分用功的学生，以至于不久他就从班里第一个毕业了。

新视野大学英语第三版第二册6-7单元词汇,短语 ,汉译英英译汉

Unit5 1. 2.A strong police force has been placed between the two (rival) groups in the village to prevent fighting and killing. 3. Although personally we believe this to be of only secondary importance, its potential role in (motivating) innovative acts cannot be ignored. 4. 5. Western nations have older and shrinking populations since they entered the 21st century and their(fluctuating) birth rates have also posed problems. 6. 7. The president is in trouble and will have to work hard to (restore) his credibility after people discovered that he was not telling the truth. 8. To study a number of subjects in the humanities has been both enjoyable and (enlightening) , providing me with a new and different perspective on the world in which we live. 9. People are concerned about the environment issue because air and water pollution not only affects everyone's health but also makes it difficult for businesses to (profit) . 10. 1. 2. The support our volunteers provide to the community as well as society cannot 3. (be measured in) purely practical terms, and their continuing contribution is vital. Please don't forget the Tourist Guide, which should(come in handy) when you travel to different places in Asia and Europe for the next few weeks. 4.

研究生英语二课后答案总结

第一单元 一、1. The tranquil atmosphere of the inn allows guests to feel totally at home. 2. Technological advances might ultimately lead to even more job losses. 3. In the aftermath of the shootings, there were calls for tighter controls on gun ownership. 4. Her kindness and generosity cancel out her occasional flashes of temper. 5. He was beginning to wonder if he would survive the ordeal 6. Foreign food aid has led to a drastic reduction in the numbers of people dying of starvation. 7. Perhaps her most important legacy was her program of educational reform. 8. There were food shortages and other deprivations during the Civil War. 9. The new economic policies could prove suicidal for the party. 10. The building will be completed around six months earlier than anticipated. 11. The experience was enough to keep him preoccupied for some time. 12. The road to happiness is paved with adversities. 13. She aspires to nothing no less than the chairmanship of the company. 14. He might be influenced by nostalgia for the surroundings of his happy youth. 15. In retrospect, I wish that I had thought about alternative courses of action. 二、1. Watching your baby being born is a mind-blowing experience(极其令人兴奋的经历). 2. There is built-in storage space(内置储藏空间) in all bedrooms. 3. This handout focuses on self-protection measures(自我保护措施) under difficult climatic conditions. 4. I’m sure we could offer you some short-term employment (短期的工作). 5. So, how is it that we all, or at least many of us, have such a distorted and negative self- perception(歪曲的、否定的自我观念)? 6. Helen Hunt stars as a character undergoing life-changing events(改变了生活的事件) in Then She Found Me. 7. She has written a book that is beautiful because of the honesty and the raw emotion that is portrayed in all-encompassing details(无所不包的细节). 8. Having a decent job contributes to a good self-image(一个好的自我形象). 三、What then is a good mind? It is the w hole mental …… 1、searches 2、connections 3、inventive 4、discerning 5、anticipates 6、future 7、individual8、identifies9、fallacy10、self-discipline 四、翻译 1、I had so worked upon my imagination as really to believe that about the whole mansion and domain there hung 。。。。。。。the silent tarn—a pestilent and mystic vapor, dull, sluggish, faintly discernible, and leaden-hued. (Edgar Allan Poe: “The Fall of the House of Usher”) 译文：我如此沉湎于自己的想象，以至于我实实在在地认为那宅院及其周围悬浮着一种它们所特有的空气。那种空气并非生发于天地自然，而是生发于那些枯树残枝、灰墙暗壁，生发于那一汪死气沉沉的湖水。那是一种神秘而致命的雾霭，阴晦，凝滞，朦胧，沉浊如铅。 2、She had a very thin face like the dial of a small clock seen faintly in a dark room in the middle of a 。。。。。。。。l of the night passing swiftly on toward further darkness but moving also toward a new sun. 译文：（她的）容貌那么清秀，就像半夜里醒来时在黑暗中隐约可见的小小的钟面，报告时刻的钟面。它皎洁而安静，深知时间在飞驰，深信黑暗虽然越来越深沉，却也越来越接近新生的太阳。

大学英语( 2 )第二次网络作业答卷纸

大学英语 （2）第二次网络作业（新教材） 一、阅读： ( 1 ) One important cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own ways of life. In a more traditional society, when children grow up,they are expected to live in the same area as their parents,to marry people that their parents know and like, and often to continue the family jobs.In our society,young people often travel great distances for their education, move out of the family at an early age,marry or live with people whom their parents have never met,and choose jobs different from those of their parents. 1. The first paragraph tells us that __A__. a.the problem of the generation gap draws much attention from people 2. In a more traditional society, old people___A__. a. have their children respect and listen to them b. do not care for their children at all c. expect their children to rebel against them d. do not live together with their children 3. In American society young people___B___. a. do not need to find jobs b. leave home at an early age

大学英语(三)第五次作业(英译汉)

大学英语（三）第五次作业（英译汉）Do you think we will have good weather? 选择一项： a. 你认为我们会有好天气吗？ b. 你认为我们这里的天气好吗？ 题目2 还未回答 满分1.00 标记题目 题干 China will build up a space station in ten years. 选择一项： a. 在十年内中国将建一个大机场。 b. 在十年内中国将建一个太空站。 题目3 还未回答 满分1.00 标记题目 题干 At first the phone was busy. 选择一项： a. 第一部电话占线。 b. 起初电话占线。 题目4 还未回答 满分1.00 标记题目 题干 I've changed my mind. 选择一项： a. 我改变了主意。 b. 我改变了世界观。 题目5 还未回答 满分1.00 标记题目 题干 He keeps looking at himself in the mirror. 选择一项： a. 他老是看自己。 b. 他老是照镜子。

题目6 还未回答 满分1.00 标记题目 题干 Nothing in the world moves faster than light. 选择一项： a. 世界上没有什么物体比光传播得更快。 b. 世界上任何物体比光传播速度都快。 题目7 还未回答 满分1.00 标记题目 题干 The movie began when we got there. 选择一项： a. 电影直到我们到了才开始放映。 b. 我们一到那儿电影就开演了。 题目8 还未回答 满分1.00 标记题目 题干 What's the size of your shoes? 选择一项： a. 你的鞋还有尺寸吗？ b. 你的鞋是多大尺寸？ 题目9 还未回答 满分1.00 标记题目 题干 He can run as fast as Jim. 选择一项： a. 他和吉姆一样能跑到很快。 b. 他跑的和吉姆一样快。 题目10 还未回答 满分1.00 标记题目 题干 My problem is that I don't have much time to do the work.

《大学英语》第二次作业(满分)

一、单项选择题。本大题共30个小题，每小题2.5 分，共75.0分。在每小题给出的选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。 1. —Would you like to go skating with me? —________________. ( C ) A.Yes, I think so B.No, thanks C.Yes, I'd love to D.I'm afraid not 2. —Would you like something to drink? What about a cup of tea? —________________( A ) A.No, thanks. B.No, I wouldn't. C.Yes, I want. D.Yes, I like. 3. —Hello, may I have an appointment with the headmaster? —________________.( C ) A.Sorry, I don't know you B.No, you can't C.Certainly. Wait a minute, please D.Let me see 4. —Why not join us in the game? —________________.( A ) A.OK! I'm coming B.No, you do the same C.Oh, that's all right D.Don't mention it 5. —Could I see your ticket please? —________________( D ) A.I am not sure yet. B.I'd love one. C.I might be. Why? D.Here you are. 6. —Do you think I could borrow your dictionary this weekend? —Sorry, but ________________ ( C ) A.you can not have it right away. B.I'm sure you'll like it. C.I'm going to need it myself. D.the dictionary is just there.

自考英语二汉译英练习答案

自考英语（二）汉译英练习答案 1、决策者应该能够对将来作出最好的推测。 Decision makers should be able to make the best guess at the future. 2、有人认为经理们所做的一切均与决策有关。 Some think that everything managers do have something to do with decision. 3、没有正确的选择就没有正确的决策。 There will be no correct decisions without choices. 4、不同的人对同样的问题有不同的看法，所以解决的办法也不同。 Different people have different views to the some problem，there fore have different solutions. 5、决策者往往是公司业务发展的关键。 Decision makers tend to be the key to the development of company's business. 1、他由朋友陪同去听音乐会。 He was accompanied to the concert by his friend. 2、他已说服她改变决定。 He has argued her out of the decision. 3、在某种程度上，他的成功是由于幸运。 In part， his success is due to good luck. 由于is because / is brought about by 4、按照他的建议，手续已经大大简化。 According to his suggestion，the procedures have been greatly simplified. 5、电台预报明天天气会变冷。 The radio station predicts that it will be cold tomorrow. Broadcasting 6、运动的定义是位置或地方的改变。 Movement is defined as the change of position or place. 1、黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题。 What are black holes？Astronomers haven't solved this problem completely. 2、据说黑洞可以将其周围的一切物体，如星星吞食掉。 It is said that black holes can swallow up everything around such as stars. 3、对黑洞的研究刚刚开始，各种各样的假说会层出不穷。 The research on black hole has just begun，various assumptions will spring up. 4、科学家仍不能说出黑洞内发生了什么。 Scientists are still unable to say what is happening is black holes. 5、如果我们认识了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。 If we understand black holes，they will not be terrible. 1、黑洞产生很强的引力。 Black holes exert a strong gravitation pull. Gravity 2、由于管理不善，他的公司垮台了。 Because of bad management，his company collapsed. 3、80年代我国发射了多颗卫星。 Our country launched several satellites in the 1980s. （主动） Several satellites were launched in our country in the 1980s.（被动） 4、药物开始见效了吗？ Has the medicine begun to operate？ 5、他的身影消失在黑暗中。

2015年大学英语(三)第二次作业

问题1 得2 分，满分2 分 1、--What does your father do? -- ___________. 答案 所选答案： C. C：He is a farmer 问题2 得2 分，满分2 分 2、-- How are you today? --___________, thank you. 答案 所选答案： A：Fine 问题3 得2 分，满分2 分 3、- _______ - You too! 答案 所选答案： A：Merry Christmas! 问题4 得2 分，满分2 分 4、- Good-bye for now. - _________ 答案 所选答案： C：See you. 问题5 得2 分，满分2 分 5、--Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the post office? -- _____________. 答案 所选答案： D：Sorry, but I am a stranger here myself

问题6 得2 分，满分2 分 6、- How do I get to the cinema? - _________ 答案 所选答案： D：Go down this street and turn left. 问题7 得2 分，满分2 分 7、- Is it possible for you to work late tonight? - _______ 答案 所选答案： D：I think so. 问题8 得2 分，满分2 分 8、-- May I use your bike for a moment? -- ________ 答案 所选答案： C：By all means. 问题9 得2 分，满分2 分 9、-- Congratulations! You won the first prize in today's speech contest. -- ________ 答案 所选答案： C：Thank you. 问题10 得2 分，满分2 分 10、- How are you, Bob? - _______ 答案 所选答案： B：I'm fine. Thank you 问题11 得2 分，满分2 分 11、-- Would you like to go to the concert with us this evening? -- ________ 答案 所选答案： B：I'd love to, but I'm busy tonight. 问题12 得2 分，满分2 分

英译汉作业

杨晔1412140106 14英教B班 英译汉家庭作业 一、选择填空（在四个选项中选择一个正确答案）： 1.杨宪益说："译者应尽量忠实于原文的形象，既不要夸张，也不要夹带任何别 的东西"。他针对的是____A__。 A. 文学翻译 B.任何一种翻译 C.诗歌翻译 D.汉英翻译 2."上下文在解决语言单位的多义性问题上起着最重要的作用。"这是_____B_的 论述。 A.林纾 B.巴尔胡达罗夫 C.泰特勒 D.费多罗夫 3.王力先生指出，中国语里多用意合法，__B____。 A.因此连词用得较多 B.联结成分并非必需 C.因为主从结构用得较多 D.联结成分十分需要 4.汉语有很多四字成语，译成英语时，译文_____B_。 A.一定要保持原文的形象 B.一定要符合原文的意思 C.一定要脱离原文的形象 D.一定要在英语中找到对应的成语 5. 中国古代佛经翻译家_______B_提出了“既须求真，又须喻俗”的翻译思想。 A. 鸠摩罗什 B. 玄奘 C．安世高D。释道安 6. 严复说的“一名之立，旬月踟躇”是指___B_____。 A. 翻译一部书要化一个月时间作准备 B 翻译一个术语往往要考虑很久 C. 只有化苦功才能翻译成一部名著 D. 书名的翻译颇费思量 7."凡是翻译，必须兼顾着两面，一当然力求其易解，一则保存着原作的丰姿。" 这是____C___提出的。 A. 茅盾 B.瞿秋白 C.鲁迅 D.郭沫若 二、分别用词语和形式对应译法和语义表达译法试译下列句子，并比较翻译中的 感觉和译文的效果： 1. A translator has to know everything of something and something of everything. 1.一个翻译者要知道整体的部分和部分知整体。 2.一个专业的译者必须要知道被翻译物的一切，和一切的被翻译物。 2. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse, and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.

汉译英第二讲(句子翻译技巧)学生版

汉译英（二）句子翻译技巧 主语选择 汉语：话题式主语，不一定是动作的执行者，作主语的词性很灵活。 英语：主语是动作的执行者，词性很固定，只可以是名词，代词，非谓语动词（doing, to do), 主语从句等。另外，英语表达侧重于多样性，可以用不同的单词作为主语。汉译英时，不同的句子起始点，结构完全不同，我们要尽可能变化思路，使译文句式多样。 例1：中国人民的生活水平近年来得到很大提高。 思路一：Chinese people’s living standard has been improved a lot in recent years. （语序未调整，句子起始点没有变化。） 思路二：There has been great raise in the living standard of the Chinese people in recent years. (以“提高”作主语，原文动词作谓语，现变为名词，作主语) 思路三：These years have witnessed great improvement in the Chinese people’s living standard. （以“近年”作主语，原文时间状语变为主语） （还有其他思路吗？仔细想想。记住：汉语中名词皆可以充当英语句子中的主语，只看你想不想的到，当然句子有优劣之分。） 以上三个版本，第三句应该评分最高。用时间或者地点作主语，不仅强调了时间观念，而且句子简洁、生动，符合西方人的思维模式和英语表达习惯。类似的动词有：see, witness, find 等。 拓展练习：（1）这个运动会首先在北京兴起。 Beijing first saw the rise of the movement.（地点作主语） (2) 在南京城发生过许多重大的历史事件。 Nanjing witnessed many great historic events.（地点作主语） (3) 近十年来，中国教育发生了重大变革。 The past decade has witnessed great changes in Chinese education.（时间作主语) China has witnessed enormous changes in education in the past ten years.(地点作主语） (4) 中国在2012年成功发射了“神州九号”飞船。 2012 saw the successful launching of China’s “the Ninth Shenzhou Spacecraft”. （地点作主语） 主语选择还必须符合逻辑关系。 例2：我们国家的建设事业不仅需要工程师和科学家，同样需要各行各业的能工巧匠。 难点一：选词：能工巧匠：talents, skilled workers, craftsmen, artisan, gifted people. 应该选哪个？建设：building-up, construction, development应该选哪个？） 难点二：主语的选择。我们国家，建设事业，应该选择哪个？ 译法一：Our country’s construction not only needs engineers and scientists, but also various craftsmen. (字对字翻译，不符合逻辑） 译法二：In her development, our country needs not only engineers and scientists, but also various skillful craftsmen.（主语选择正确，与need照应） 译法三：Our country in her development needs not only engineers and scientists, but also talents of various kinds. 换个思路：以工程师，科学家，能工巧匠做主语怎么改？ 译法四：Engineers, scientists, as well as craftsmen play a vital role in our national development. 记住：多积累地道的英文好词好句，不要拘泥于中文形式“亦步亦趋”，“东施效颦”，“闭门