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GP-9_run_at_rate_中英文

GP-9_run_at_rate_中英文
GP-9_run_at_rate_中英文

Run @ Rate GP-9

按预定能力生产

I.PURPOSE

目的

The purpose of a Run @ Rate is to verify:

Run @ Rate的目的是要核实:

A.the supplier's actual manufacturing process is capable of producing components that meet GM's on-going quality

requirements, as stated in the Production Part Approval Process (PPAP), at quoted tooling capacity for a specified

period of time; and

供应商的当前制造过程是否有能力在指定的一段时间内按声称的加工能力、生产出符合通用汽

车公司现行质量要求的零部件。如同在该零件“生产件批准” (PPAP) 文件中所述一致。

B.the supplier's actual manufacturing process conforms to the manufacturing and quality plan documented

by the supplier in PPAP, GP-12 and other required documentation

供应商的当前生产流程是否符合供应商在PPAP,GP-12或其它要求的文件中所记录的制造和

质量计划。

During a Run @ Rate, all production tooling is to be in place and running at full capacity, utilizing all regular

production, direct and indirect, personnel and support systems.

在Run @ Rate过程中,所有的生产工具应各就各位并且按最大能力运行,运用所有正式生产的

人员和支持系统,包括直接的和间接的。

II.SCOPE

适用范围

All new parts require a Run @ Rate, unless exempted by the supplier quality engineer and approved by the Supplier Quality and Purchasing Directors of the procuring division.

所有新的零部件都要通过Run @ Rate,除非供应商质量工程师认为可以免除并且得到采购部供应商质量和采购负责人的认可。

III.SELECTION PROCESS

规程选择

All new part numbers will be evaluated by GM, taking into consideration factors such as the following: history; new technology; irreversible tooling changes; and new supplier facilities. The need for the Run @ Rate will be confirmed by the Supplier Quality Engineer, and approved by the Supplier Quality and Purchasing Director(s) of the procuring division. The supplier will be notified of the need to perform a customer monitored or supplier monitored Run @ Rate as early in the Advanced Product Quality Planning Process as possible.

Note: See Section VIII for Additional Requirements for Supplier monitored Run @ Rate.

所有新零件号中的零件都要经过通用汽车公司的评审,将考虑到如下的一些因素:生产历史,新技术不能回复的模具更改,以及新的生产工厂等等。进行Run@Rate的必要性由供应商质量工程师确认,并且得到采购部门的供应商质量及采购负责人的认可。供应商将在前期产品质量计划(APQP)规程中尽早被通知是否要作一次用户监督或由供应商自行监督的Run @ Rate。

注:见第VIII节中有关于由供应商自行监督下的Run @ Rate R的附加要求。

IV.GENERAL INFORMATION

概述

A. DURATION OF RUN@RATE

Run @ Rate的周期

The number of components to be produced during the Run @ Rate should be sufficient to demonstrate

manufacturing process capability and should be predetermined by the supplier and the procuring division's Supplier

Quality Engineer(s). Factors such as product complexity, shelf life, storage, cost and single shift vs. multiple shift

operations are taken into consideration in determining the length of the Run @ Rate. The default length of the Run

@ Rate is one day of the customer's daily production requirement at full acceleration.

在Run@Rate过程中所生产的零部件的数量要足以表明其所具备的生产能力,并且由供应商和采购部门的质量工程师们共同预先商定。诸如产品复杂程度,有效期,贮存,费用,单班运作或多班轮作等等,都是影响Run@Rate时间长短应考虑的因素。Run@Rate的默认周期是用户满负荷生产时一天的需求量。

B.TIMING OF RUN@RATE

Run @ Rate的开始时间

The Run @ Rate should be performed after the supplier has attained an acceptable PPAP submission and prior to start of production acceleration. Although encouraged to be performed as early as possible, a key consideration in establishing the Run @ Rate date is the stability of the design. The exact date should be predetermined by the procuring division and the supplier.

供应商必须在获得PPAP生产件批准后及在开始加速生产之前进行Run@Rate。尽管越早进行越好但是进行Run@Rate的关键考虑因素是该零件设计的确定性。确切的日期应由采购部门和供应商共同确定。

C. REQUIRED PARTICIPATION

要求参加的人员

1. Customer Monitored -

用户监督

Customer - A representative from the procuring division is to be present for the entire Run @ Rate. No portion of the Run @ Rate is to be performed without representation of the procuring division, without prior approval. The lead GM representative typically will be the Supplier Quality Engineer, with participation of the Buyer and/or Release Engineer upon request.

Supplier - The lead supplier representative is to be the project manager or manager appointee.

用户--采购部门的一个代表到现场监督整个生产过程。没有预先的许可,没有代表到场,不得进行任何的操作,GM方面的首席代表是供应商质量工程师。如有需要,采购员和产品放行工程师也可能被邀参加。

供应商--供应方的首席代表应是项目经理或是该项目经理指定的代表。

2. Supplier Monitored -

供应商监督

The lead supplier representative is to be the project manager or manager appointee.

供应方的首席代表应是项目经理或其指定的代表

Note: Equipment and/or subcontractors may be asked to participate.

注:设备制造商和分包商也可能被要求参加。

D. SUPPLIER PREPARTATION FOR RUN@RATE

供应商为Run @ Rate所作的准备

To make effective use of time, the supplier should conduct a practice Run @ Rate and/or production simulations, as well as complete as much of the Run @ Rate Worksheet (Attachment B), before the official Run @ Rate is conducted.

为了能有效地利用时间,在正式的Run@Rate进行之前,供应商应作一次演习或相应的模拟生产,并完成工作表 (附录B) 上所规定的尽可能多的项目和所有问答。

E. INVENTORYE.

存货

If parts are produced ahead of production schedules, the supplier will hold all parts produced until authorized to ship. The supplier will ensure that sufficient production containers and

packaging are available to prevent part damage.

如果零件的制造发生在总装厂需要之前,供应商应保存全部的零件直到允许装运。供应商应保证有足够的生产用装运箱和合适的成品包装以防止零部件的损坏。

V.RUN@RATE REVIEW CONTENT

Run @ Rate检查内容

The Run @ Rate will verify that the results of the supplier's actual manufacturing process meet customer requirements for on-going quality, as stated in PPAP, and quoted tooling capacity. Also, it will verify that the supplier's actual process is to plan, as documented in PPAP, GP-12 and the other documentation listed below.

Run@Rate的目的是要核实供应商的实际制造过程是否符合现行质量要求(如在PPAP文件中所说的)以及报价所称的工装能力,并且供应商实际生产过程是否按照已订的计划,正如在PPAP、

GP12及下列其它文件中所述的。

During the Run @ Rate, the following will be reviewed: documentation; the manufacturing process and results; part quality requirements and results; sub-supplier requirements and Run @ Rate results; and packaging.

在Run@Rate过程中,检查以下一些项目:文件,制造工艺和其结果,零件质量要求和其结果,对分供方的要求及其Run @ Rate 的结果,还有包装和搬运。

A. DOCUMENTATION : At the time of the Run@Rate , the following support documentation

should be available for review:

文件 : 在作 Run @ Rate审核时,应出具下列证明性文件以备查阅。

1. PPAP package including :

PPAP 文件包括:

a) Process flow diagram 过程流程

b) Process control plan, with reaction plan 具有反应计划的过程控制计划

c) DFMEA / PFMEA 设计/过程失效模式及后果分析

d) Master part(s) 标样

2. GP-12( Pre-launch ) control plan

GP-12初期生产次品遏制的控制计划

3. Tool capacity information

工装能力情况

4. Operator/inspection instruction

操作 /检验指导书

5. Prototype / pilot concerns (PR/R’s)

样件/试生产时发生的问题(如PR/R)

6. Sub- contractor control / capacity data

分供方控制/能力数据

7. Sub-contractor material schedules and transportation

分供应商材料(含零件)生产计划及运输

8. Packaging / labeling plan

包装/ 标记计划

9. Acceleration plan

生产加速计划

Note : All documentation must be complete and correct

注: 所有文件都应完备及正确。

B.MANUFACTURING PROCESS – ACTUAL TO PLAN

制造过程–实际相对于计划

1. The product is being manufactured at the production site using the production tooling,

gaging, process, materials, operators, environment, and process settings.

产品应在生产现场用正式生产的工装、测量系统、工艺、材料、操作人员、环境和过程设定来进行生产。

2. The actual process flow agrees with the process flow diagram, as documented in PPAP.

实际生产流程应与PPAP 文件中的流程图相同。

3. Operator instructions/visual aids are available and adhered to at each work station.

应将操作指导书/目视参考图表置于相应的每个工作岗位。

4. All in-process documents, such as process control charts, are in place at the time of the

Run @ Rate. The documentation is utilized to drive a defined reaction plan and corrective action process.

在进行Run@Rate时,所有过程文件都应在工位上,如过程控制计划。这些文件应用于实施规定的反应计划和纠正措施。

5. Production boundary samples, when required, are available at required work stations. 当需

要时,在需要的工位上应拥有边际样品。

6. Maintenance plans are in place; repair and maintenance parts are available; and there is

planned downtime for preventative maintenance.

应具备保养计划和用于维修和保养的备件以及进行预防性维修保养的停机计划。

Note: All of the preceding requirements must be met to pass the Run @ Rate.

注:上述所有要求都须合格才能通过 Run @ Rate。

C.MANUFACTURING CAPACITY RESULTS

制造能力结果

The following will be verified while the process is running.

在进行生产时, 要核实以下内容:

1. Net output from each operation can support quoted capacity.

每道工序的净产量与报价生产能力相符。

2. During the Run @ Rate, the tooling must meet the quoted up time requirements (net vs.

gross quoted output). Any unexpected downtime must be documented and corrective

action taken.

在按预定能力生产时 ,工装应满足报价所要求的开机时间要求(报价净产量和标称毛产量)。

记下任何意外的停工时间和要求的改进措施计划。

3. All line changeovers, if any, can be performed within the quoted tooling capacity

requirements.

所有在线工装的更换应在报价工装能力要求范围内进行。

4. The net through-put of good pieces (scrap taken out, any allowable rework) meet daily

quoted capacity.

合格零件的净产量(剔除废品, 保留返工合格零件)应与报价日生产能力相符。

5. The acceleration plan is sufficient to meet requirements.

加速生产计划足以满足客户要求。

Note: All of the preceding five requirements must be met to pass the Run @ Rate.

注:上述所有五项要求都须合格才能通过 Run @ Rate。

D.PART QUALITY PLAN TO ACTUAL

零件质量计划同实际相对比

1. All production checking fixtures must be complete, with acceptable measurement system

studies (i.e., gage R and R) performed, and operator instructions/visual aids available.

所有生产检验设备应完备并且作了可接受的测量系统分析工作(即量具的重复性和再现性)。

应具备操作指导书/目视参考图表。

2. All in process gaging and controls must be complete, functional and in place.

所有生产过程中的测量和控制设备应完备, 功能齐全并且到位。

3. The process control plan (normal and GP-12) must agree with the actual process.

Production part checks and statistical monitoring must take place as outlined on the

process control plan

过程控制计划 (一般的和GP12)应与现行过程相符,应按过程控制计划作零件检验和统计监测。

4. Potential failure modes, as identified in the PFMEA, are addressed through error-proofing

or the control plan.

在PFMEA中所确定的潜在失效模式应有防错措施或控制计划来处置

5. The process control plan reaction plan as well as the supplier's corrective action process to

ensure containment and correction should be available for review.

过程控制计划的反应计划与供应商的改正措施一样,确保在检查时有遏制措施及施改正措施。

Note: All of the preceding five requirements must be met to pass the Run @ Rate.

注:上述所有要求都须合格才能通过 Run @ Rate。

E.PART QUALITY RESULTS

零件质量结果

1. All parts produced off production tooling during the Run @ Rate meet GM's requirements

for ongoing quality, as stated in PPAP.

在Run@Rate时,用生产工装生产出来的所有零件应符合PPAP中记载的GM对准予持续制造的质量要求。

2. The manufacturing process is in control.

制造过程必须受控。

3. The manufacturing process demonstrates the required capability.

制造过程应证明所要求的生产能力。

4. The process control plan is sufficient to effectively meet the design record requirements

(i.e., control points, frequency of checks, etc.).

过程控制计划应能有效地满足设计要求,(即控制点, 检验频率等)。

5. Nonconformance

不符合性

Note: The total number of parts produced, the pieces rejected and the pieces reworked need to be documented on the summary sheet.

注:生产出来的零件总数,不合格零件数,返工合格零件数都应在GP-9总结表上纪录

a) The non-conformances yielded by the process were identified by the normal PPAP

control plan. If identified by the GP-12 Process Control Plan or an activity outside

documented plans, corrective action is required.

生产过程中的不符合项可由一般的PPAP控制计划识别出来。如果是由GP12过程控制

计划或是由其他措施认别出来,则要求修改PPAP 控制计划。

b) The PFMEA identified the potential failure modes. If not, the PFMEA needs to be

updated and corrective action put in place. 生产过程中的不符合项在PFMEA中应有预

见,若未能做到,则PFMEA需要更新并且要采取改进措施。

c) All rework and repairs effectively correct the nonconformance(s).

返工及修复措施能有效地纠正不合格项。

d) All prototype and pilot concerns, if any, have been corrected and validated.

所有在工装样件及试生产件制造时发生的问题应已修正和验证。

Note: All of the preceding five requirements must be met to pass the Run @ Rate.

注:上述所有要求都须合格才能通过 Run @ Rate。

F.SUBCONTRACTOR REQUIREMENTS

分供方要求

1. Subcontractor(s)' abilities to meet the customer's quality and capacity requirements must

be confirmed by the supplier prior to the Run @ Rate being conducted at the supplier's

facility. Verification of the subcontractor(s)' manufacturing processes should be

accomplished through a Run @ Rate or similar process conducted by the supplier.

在进行Run@Rate以前,供应商应该对分供方是否能满足用户的质量和数量要求进行确

认。上述核实应由供应商采用Run @ Rate规程或相似的过程加以实施。

2. Controls must be in place to isolate incoming material until it has been approved.

应采取措施来隔离外来材料流入生产线,直到它被认可。

Note: The preceding requirements must be met to pass the Run @ Rate.

注:上述要求都须合格才能通过 Run @ Rate。

G. PACKAGING AND HANDLING

包装及装卸

1. In process and final shipment packaging will be reviewed for preservation of part quality

and ease of use by supplier's operators loading and unloading parts. (Refer to GM 1738

for requirements.)

将检查在生产过程中和最终运输的包装情况以保证零件的质量并且便于供应商的操作人员装

卸零件。(参见GM1738中的要求)。

2. The supplier's method for in process and final shipping packaging and handling must

effectively eliminate the potential for process errors or mixed stock.

在生产过程中及最终运输时所采用的包装及装卸方式应能有效地杜绝可能的程序差错及混

装。

VI.CORRECTIVE ACTIONS REQUIRED

需要做的纠正措施

A. Actual to Requirements. If the results of the actual manufacturing process do not meet

customer requirements for on-going quality and quoted tool capacity, corrective action must

be taken to correct any non-conformances.

实际产量与用户要求:

如果实际生产过程的结果达不到用户当前质量和声称的工装能力要求,应采取纠正措施消除这

些不一致的地方。

B. Actual to Plan. If the manufacturing and quality plan do not agree with the actual process,

changes must be made to bring them into agreement.

实际制造与质量计划:

如果实际过程达不到制造和质量计划要求,则应作相应的变动使两者达成一致。

C.Nonconformances. If nonconformances occurred during the Run @ Rate which were not

identified previously by the normal PPAP control plan, a corrective action plan needs to be put

in place (i.e., error proofing or a change in the control plan) and documented in the PFMEA

and/or process flow diagram.

不一致性:

如果在进行Run@Rate中,发生的不合格未能被一般的PPAP控制计划识别,必须采取纠正措施

(即防错措施或修改控制计划),并在PFMEA或工艺流程图中记录。

VII. APPROVAL

审定

Upon completion of the Run @ Rate, the worksheets must be reviewed for completeness and a decision

made whether or not to approve the review. The Run @ Rate can have one of three results: pass; open or fail.

Run @ Rate 一结束,应审查工作记录表以确保完整性,同时应作出决定:审查是否通

过。可以有下述三种结果之一:通过,待定,失败。

A. Pass 通过

1. Definition 定义

Pass indicates that all Run @ Rate requirements were met. The supplier demonstrated the

capability to produce parts that meet GM's on-going quality requirements at quoted

capacity (net output). All key product characteristics were monitored and meet Cpk/Ppk

requirements. GP-12 requirements were met. The supplier's actual manufacturing process

agreed with the manufacturing and quality plan, as documented by the supplier in PPAP,

GP-12 and other required documentation. Quality systems were documented and

practiced. 通过意味着满足全部的Run@Rate的要求。表明供应商具备生产出符合GM现行

质量要求的产品及具备所要求的生产能力。所有关键的产品性能是在监督测定并且满足

CPK/PPK的要求。满足GP12的要求。供应商的实际制造过程符合制造和质量计划,这些

规划由供应商记录在PPAP,GP-12和其它要求的文件中。质量体系有成文记录并切实执

行。

B. Open 待定

1. Definition Open indicates that some minor non-conformances to the requirements were

found that need to be corrected. Examples of this are net output meets volume

requirements but not quoted capacity; quality systems have minor deficiencies (i.e.,

preventative maintenance system lacking, lack of error proofing, incomplete or inadequate

operator instructions/visual aids, operator training not complete, minor deficiencies in

meeting customer's ongoing quality requirements).

定义:待定意味着产品的有些方面与所要求的稍有不一致,需要作改进。比如,产量符合客

户数量要求但达不到报价声称的生产能力;质量系统有小缺陷(例:缺少预防性保养计划,

缺少防错措施,操作规则等不完备或不合适,操作人员培训不充分,有些地方不符合用户

现行质量要求)。

2. Corrective Action Required A documented Action Plan to correct the non-conformances is

required. At a minimum, it must include the name of the individual at the Supplier who is

responsible for implementing the Corrective Action and the timing and validation of the

Corrective Action Plan. This plan is due to the GM Run @ Rate Supplier Quality Engineer

for approval, within two (2) business days of the completion of the Run @ Rate.

需做的改进措施:要求一个成文的纠正这些偏差的措施。并且,它应包括供应方负责执行整

改措施、控制进度及考核成效的人员名单。该计划需由GM负责Run@Rate评审的供应商

质量工程师来审核,并在Run@Rate结束后两天之内完成。

3. Verification of Corrective Action GM verification of successful completion of the corrective

action plan can be accomplished in several different ways, for example, through

correspondence, a part review or a plant visit. Generally an additional Run @ Rate is not

required. Once the Corrective Action plan is successfully completed, the Supplier Quality

Engineer will change the Run @ Rate result from open to pass.

改进措施的验证:验证改进措施是否顺利完成有几种不同的方法。例如,通过联系,对一批

零件的检查或是参观生产现场。通常不需要再作Run@Rate。一旦改进措施顺利地完成,供

应商质量工程师将把Run@Rate的结果由待定改为通过。

C. Fail 失败

1. Definition Fail indicates a serious non-conformance exists that requires significant action

by the supplier to correct, such as quality systems are not in place and serious non-

onformances exist; Ppk values (Cpk values) do not meet requirements for KPC’s; or

supplier fails to meet Volume Requirements. An additional Run @ Rate will be required.

定义:“失败”意味着存在着严重的不一致的地方,要求供应商采取一些重大的措施来加以改

进。这些不一致有:质量系统不存在并有严重不一致质量问题存在,关键产品特性的Ppk值

(Cpk值)达不到KPC的要求,或者供应商达不到产量要求,因此要求重新作Run @

Rate。

2. Corrective Action Required A documented Action Plan to correct the non-conformances is

required. At a minimum, it must include the name of the individual at the Supplier who is

responsible for implementing the Corrective Action and the timing and validation of the

Corrective Action Plan. This plan is due to the GM Run @ Rate Supplier Quality Engineer

for approval, within two (2) business days of the completion of the Run @ Rate.

需做的改进措施:要求有一个成文的改正这些偏差的措施。并且,它应包括供应方负责执行

整改措施、控制进度及考核成效的人员名单,该计划的要由GM负责Run@Rate评审的供

应商质量工程师来审核,并在 Run @ Rate结束后两天内完成。

3. Verification of Corrective Action. Once the Corrective Action plan is completed, the

Supplier Quality Engineer will schedule the new Run @ Rate to verify the successful

implementation of the corrective action plan.

改进措施的验证:改进措施计划完成以后,供应商质量工程师将按排进行新的Run@Rate,

以验证改进措施是否有执行成效。

VIII.Supplier Monitored Run @ Rate Additional Requirements

供应商监督下的Run @ Rate的附加要求

A. All Run @ Rate requirements identified in Sections IV. V, VI and VII of this procedure apply to

both supplier monitored and customer monitored Run @ Rates.

所有在本程序第IV、V、VI、VII节中对Run@Rate的要求不论是供应商监督或是由用户监督下

的Run @ Rate均适用。

Note: The scheduled date for the Run @ Rate must be approve by The Supplier Quality Engineer.

注:由供应商监督的Run @ Rate的日期安排应得到供应商质量工程师的认可。

B. Since a customer representative will not be present during the Run @ Rate, the following must

be completed.

由于用户代表将不参加Run @ Rate,因此供应商应该完成以下工作。

1. Within twenty-four hours of completing the scheduled Run @ Rate, the supplier must

complete the Run @ Rate Summary and Worksheets (Attachments A and B) and provide them to the responsible customer Supplier Quality Engineer, with a recommendation for the result of the Run @ Rate.

在完成Run@Rate以后24小时内,供应商应写出Run@Rate总结及工作表(附录A和B)并将其交给用户方负责人供应商质量工程师,并对 Run @ Rate 的结果提出某些建议。

2. In addition, if any non-conformances were identified, the supplier will develop and

implement a corrective action plan, using Sections VI and VII as reference. Within two days of completing the scheduled Run @ Rate, the supplier will provide this information to the responsible customer Supplier Quality Engineer.

另外,如果发现有不一致的地方,供应商应参照第VI、VII节的要求,制定并实施改进计划,并在完成Run @ Rate两天内,将该信息通知用户方负责人供应商质量工程师。

3. Based on the information provided by the supplier, the customer Supplier Quality Engineer

will:

根据供应商提供的信息,客户方供应商质量工程师要做如下几项工作:

a) Determine whether the Run @ Rate results in a pass, open or fail.

确定运行结果是通晕,待定还是不通过。

b) Review and approve the corrective action plan.

审批改进措施计划

c) Determine the need for an additional Run @ Rate.

确定是否需要再作 Run @ Rate

d) Communicate the results of the above review to the supplier.

将上述审查结果驼知供应商

4. If the result of the Run @ Rate is open or fail, the process described in Section VII applies.

如果 Run @ Rate 的结果是待定或失败,则第 VII 节的内容将适用。

Note: If the supplier monitored Run @ Rate results in a fail, another Run @ Rate must be scheduled with a customer representative present

注:如果由供应监督的 Run @ Rate 结果失败,则下一次的 Run @ Rate 须有用户方代表参加。

GP-9 RUN @ RATE SUMMARY

GP -9“按预定能力生产”总结

Supplier 供应商

Mfg. Location

制造地址

DUNs

Supplier Quoted production rate 供应商报价生产能力 / Hr 小时 /Day 天

Customer Buyer Phone 用户 采购员

电话

Planned usage: Daily

weekly SQE Phone 计划 要货 率: 每天 每周 质量工程师 电话

Planned Run Date 计划 运行日期

Planned Hours To Run 计划 运行小时数

Planned Shifts Planned Downtime 计划 班次 计划停工时间

Reason for Planned Downtime 计划停工的原因

RESULTS 结果

Actual Hours From To 实际小时数 从 至

Actual shifts date 实际班数 日期

Actual Downtime Hours (planned & unplanned) 实际停工时间 (计划 和非计划)

Explain :

解释:

Total produced -Total Rejected =Net

生产总数-总拒收量=净生产量

Comments/ Open issues:

备注/ 待解决问题:

PASS OPEN FAIL Rerun date

供应商 Run @ Rate 的建议:通过待定失败重运行日期Comments :

备注:

Supplier Signature Title Phone Date

供应商签字职务电话日期

For Customer Monitored Run At Rates

适用于用户监督的 Run @ Rate

OPEN FAIL Rerun date

Run @ Rate 总结:通过待定失败重运行日期Authorized Customer Supplier Quality Signature Title Date

经授权的用户供应商质量签名职务日期Comments/ Open issues:

备注/ 待解决问题:

RUN @ RATE WORKSHEET GP-9

“按预定能力生产”工作表

Supplier Name : P/N :

供应商名称:零件号:

RUN @ RATE REVIEW CONTENT

Run @ Rate 检查内容

The Run @ Rate , will verify that the results of the supplier抯 actual manufacturing process meet customer requirements for on-going quality , as stated in PPAP , and quoted tooling capacity . Also it will verify that the supplier抯 actual process is to plan , as documented in PPAP ,GP-12 and the other documentation listed below.

Run @ Rate 是要核实供应商现行的生产过程之结果/成果是否达到顾客准予其持续(制造)质量要求(在PPAP中阐述)及报价工装能力。并且还核实供应商的实际过程是否按照在PPAP、GP-12和其他如下所述文件中的计划实行。

During the Run @ Rate , the following will be reviewed :documentation ; the manufacturing process and results ; part quality requirements and results ; sub-supplier requirements and Run @ Rate results and packaging .

在 Run @ Rate 中,将检查以下内容:文件;制造过程及结果;零件质量要求及结果;分供方要求; Run @ Rate 结果和包装。

A . Documentation 文件

At the time of the Run @ Rate , the following support documentation should be available for review :

在 Run @ Rate 过程中,下列支持文件应备查:

Available 是否具备 Y/N

1 . PPAP package including PPAP 文件应包括: 1

a) process flow diagram 过程流程图 a

b

b) process control plan , with reaction plan 具有反应计划的过程控制计

c) DFMEA/PFMEA设计/过程失效模式及后果分析 c

d) Master part (s) 标样 d

2 . GP-12 (Pre-launch Control )plan GP-12 (试生产控制)计划 2

3 . Tool capacity information 工装能力情况 3

4 . Operator / inspection instruction 操作/检验指导书 4

5 . Prototype/pilot concerns (PR/R扴) 样件/试生产时发生的问题(PR/R) 5

6 . Sub-contractor control /capacity data 分供方控制/能力数据 6

分供应商材料(含零件)生产计划及运输

7

8 . Packaging/labeling plan 包装/标记计划8

9 . Acceleration plan 加速计划9

Note : All documentation must be complete and correct.

注:所有文件都应完备及正确。

B . MANUFACTURING PROCESS -ACTUAL TO PLAN 制造过程--实际相对于计划

1 . Is the product being manufactured at the production site using the production tooling ,gaging, process,

material, operators, environment, and process settings?

该产品是否在生产现场用正式生产工装、测量系统、过程、材料、操作人员、环境和过程设定进行

生产 ?

Yes No Comments(备注):

2 . Does the actual process flow agree with diagram, as documented in PPAP ? (Review the facility plan and layout. Walk the process with the flow diagram. )

实际生产流程是否与PPAP 文件中的流程图相同?(检查设备计划和场地平面图。按流程图检查

实际流程)

Yes No Comments(备注):

3 . Are operator instruction /visual controls available and adhered to at each work station ?

操作指导书/目视控制是否具备并附于相应的每个工作岗位?

Yes No Comments(备注):

4 . Is all in-process documentation, such as process control charts, in place at the time of the Run @ Rate ? Is the documentation utilized to drive a defined reaction plan and correction action process?

在进行 Run @ Rate 时,是否所有过程文件都在工位上?如过程控制计划。这些文件是否用于实施规定的反应计划和纠正措施?

Yes No Comments(备注):

5 . When required , are production boundary sample available at required work station ? Are boundary samples approved by SGM?

当需要时,在需要的工位上是否拥有边际样品?这些样品是否经上海通用认可?

Yes No Comments(备注):

6 . Are maintenance plans in place? Are repair and maintenance parts available ? Is there planed downtime for

preventative maintenance ?

是否具备保养计划?是否有用于维修和保养的备件?是否有进行预防性维修保养的停机计划?

Yes No Comments(备注):

Note : All of the preceding requirements must be met to pass Run @ Rate.

注:上述所有要求都须合格才能通过 Run @ Rate。

C. MANUFACTURING CAPACITY RESULTS 制造能力结果

The following will be verified while the process is running 在进行生产时, 要核实以下内容。

1. Can net output from each operation support quoted capacity 每道工序的净产量是否与报价生产能力相符 ? Yes No Comments(备注):

Operation 工序 Quoted Capacity 报价生产能力 Rate 实际

2. During the Run @ Rate, did the tooling meet the quoted up time requirements(net vs gross quoted output) ?

Make note of any unexpected downtime and corrective action plans required.

在按预定能力生产时, 工装是否满足报价所要求的开机时间要求? (报价净产量和标称的毛产量) 记下任何

意外的停工时间和要求的改进措施计划.

Yes No Comments(备注):

3. Can all line changeovers, if any, be performed within the quoted tooling capacity requirements?

所有在线工装的更换是在报价工装能力要求范围内进行的吗?

Yes No Comments(备注):

4. Does the net through-put of good pieces(scrap taken out, any allowable rework) meet daily quoted capacity ? 合格零件的

净产量(剔除废品, 保留返工合格零件)与报价日生产能力是否相符?

Yes No Comments(备注):

5. Is the acceleration plan sufficient to meet requirements ? 加速生产计划是否足以满足要求?

Yes No Comments(备注):

Note : All of the preceding five requirements must be met to pass Run @ Rate.

注:上述所有五项要求都须合格才能通过 Run @ Rate。

D. P art quality plan to actual 零件质量计划与实际相比较.

1.Are all Production checking fixtures complete, with acceptable measurement system studies (i.e.,gage R and R)

performed, and operator instruction/visual aids available ?

产品检验设备是否完备? 是否作了可接受的测量系统分析工作 (即量具可重复性和再现性)?操作指导书/目

视控制是否具备?

Yes No Comments(备注):

2.Are all in process gaging and controls complete, functional and in place?

过程测量和控制是否完备, 功能齐全并且到位?

Yes No Comments(备注):

3.Do the process control plans(normal and GP-12) agree with the actual process? Do production part checks and

statistical monitoring take place as outlined on the process control plan?

过程控制计划 (一般的和 GP-12)是否与现行过程相符?是否按过程控制计划作零件检验和统计监测?

Yes No Comments(备注):

4. Are potential failure modes, as identified in the PFMEA, addressed through error-proofing or the control plan? 在

PFMEA中所确定的潜在失效模式是否有防错措施或控制计划来处置?

Yes No Comments(备注):

5. Do the process control reaction plan and the supplier抯 corrective actions ensure effective containment and correction?

过程控制计划之反应计划和供应商的整改措施是否有效地保证了遏制次品和缺点改进取得实效?

Yes No Comments(备注):

Note : All of the preceding requirements must be met to pass Run @ Rate.

注:上述所有要求都须合格才能通过 Run @ Rate。

E. PART QUALITY RESULTS 零件质量结果

Note: The total number of parts produced, the pieces rejected and the pieces reworked must be documented on the

summary sheet. 注: 生产零件总数, 不合格零件数, 及返工零件数都记在总结表中.

1.Do the parts produced off production tooling during the Run @ Rate meet SGM抯 requirements for on-going

quality, as stated in PPAP ?

在按预定能力生产时, 用生产工装生产出来的零件是否符合PPAP中记载的SGM对准予持续制造的质量

要求?

Yes No Comments(备注):

2.Is the manufacturing process in control ? 制造过程是否受控?

Yes No Comments(备注):

3.Does the manufacturing process demonstrate the required capability ?

制造过程能否证明所要求的生产能力?

Yes No Comments(备注):

4. Is the process control plan sufficient to effectively meet the design record requirement, i.e., control points, frequency

of checks, etc.? 过程控制计划是否足以满足设计要求,即控制点, 检验频率等?

Yes No Comments(备注):

5. Nonconformances 不符合性

a) Were the non-conformances yielded by the process identified by the normal PPAP control plan ? 过程中的不符

合性是否能由一般的PPAP控制计划识别出来? Yes 是: No 否: If

identified by the GP-12 Process Control Plan or an activity outside documented plans, corrective action

is required. 如果是由GP-12过程控制计划或是由其他措施认别出来,则要求采取改进措施,改进

PPAP 控制计划。

b) Did the PFMEA identify the potential failure modes ? PFMEA是否识别了潜在故障模式?

Yes 是: No 否: If not, the PFMEA needs to be updated and corrective action put in

place. 如果不是, 则PFMEA 需要更新并且要采取改进措施。

c) Do all the observed rework and repairs effectively correct the nonconformance(s) ?

返工及返修复措施是否有效地纠正了那些偏差? Yes 是: No 否:

d) Are there any open concerns from prototype or pilot (PR/R) ? 对样件或试生产件是否有未解决的

问题?

Yes No Comments(备注):

Note : All of the preceding requirements must be met to pass Run @ Rate.

注:上述所有要求都须合格才能通过 Run @ Rate。

F. SUBCONTRACTOR REQUIREMENTS 分供方要求

1. Were subcontractors’ abilities to meet the customer抯 quality and capacity requirements confirmed by the supplier

prior to the Run @ Rate being conducted at the supplier抯facility? Was verification of the subcontractors’ manufacturing process accomplished through a Run @ Rate or similar process conducted by the supplier?

在进行 Run @ Rate 前, 是否已经核实分供方有能力满足用户的质量及生产能力的要求? 是否通过 Run @ Rate 或相似的过程来核实分供方制造过程?

Yes No Comments(备注):

2. Are Control in place to isolate incoming material until it has been approved?

是否对进货材料进行隔离控制直到认可?

Yes No Comments(备注):

Note : The two preceding requirements must be met to pass Run @ Rate.

注:上述二项要求都须合格才能通过 Run @ Rate。

G. P ACKAGING AND HANDLING 包装和装卸

1. During the review of in process and final shipment packaging for preservation of part quality and ease of use by

supplier抯 operators loading and unloading parts, were any problem identified?

为保持产品质量和便于供应商操作人员装卸货物,在生产过程和最终运输包装的检查中是否发现什么

问题?

Yes No Comments(备注):

2. Does the supplier抯 method for in process and final shipping packaging and handling effectively eliminate the

potential for process errors or mixed stock?

在生产过程和最终运输包装和装卸中,供应商所采取的方式是否有效地消除了潜在的操作错误和成品

参杂存放?

Yes No Comments(备注):

Comments 备注:

Completed by 填写 Phone 电话 Date 日期

国内外著名大学校训(中英对照版)

校训乃一校之魂,原本是学校校长讲话中的关键词语,因为既有底蕴又有实效,所以被一代一代的教师和学子们传递下去,时间一长,就成了约定俗成的话语,这就是校训。校训,作为一个标尺,激励和劝勉在校的教师和学子们,即使是离开学校多年的人也会将校训时刻铭记在心。校训也能体现学校的办学原则与目标。同时它也是一种文化,是一种面向社会的精神标志,能为学校起到一定的宣传作用。有些校训还对其本校的创建历史或文化背景有所反映,包含着较多的信息。 大学不是单纯适应社会的产物,而是开启智慧、追求真理、传播知识、弘扬文化的重要场所,担当起引领社会发展方向的神圣使命。校训则是引领大学前进的方向标,良好的校训的确立,成为办好一所大学的先决条件。古今中外世界著名大学都各自拥有其独特的校训,鲜明的体现出他们不同的办学理念和治学特点。而由此形成的校训文化则成为大学教育中一道靓丽的风景。 东方和西方思想和思维有较大差异,由此导致东西方大学办学理念的不同,西方大学传统办学理念:合理求是、使命引导、学术自由、大学自治、积极应变、科学取向。东方大学传统办学理念:和而不同、各美其美、学术责任、与时俱进、止于至善、伦理(人文)取向。因而,体现办学理念的大学校训也就各有偏重。 美国斯坦福大学的校训是"让自由之风吹拂",英国剑桥大学拉丁文校训引用的是苏格拉底的一句话"我与世界相遇,我自与世界相蚀,我自不辱使命,使我与众生相聚。"而中国科技大学的校训"红专并进理实交融"。 校训是一所大学学风的集中体现,实事求是,严谨务实,成为各高校培养高素质人才的首要准则。实事求是,意为:办事求学必须根据实证,求索真相,踏踏实实,知之为知之,不知为不知。追求真理,是治学最基本的目标,也是每一位求学者追求的崇高理想。世界著名学府哈佛大学的校训是:Let Plato be your friend, and Aristotle, but more let your friend be truth,中文翻译为"与柏拉图为友,与亚里士多德为友,更要与真理为友"。大学的目的不仅是让学生认识已有的知识,而且还要让他们去创新的知识。学生必须学会自己去认识真理。但追求新的真理并不是一帆风顺的,不仅需要付出艰辛的努力,而且可能遭到旧的威或当权者的反对。所以,与真理为友就显得更加可贵。耶鲁大学的校训也同为"光明与真理"。 “自强不息,厚德载物"中国高等学府清华大学的校训,也是当代大学生应该具备的优秀品质和基本道德素养。它精辟地概括了中国文化对人与自然、人与社会、人与人的关系的深刻认识与辩证的处理方法,是中华民族的民族精神与民族性格的重要表征。作为一个高尚的人,在气节、操守、品德、治学等方面都应不屈不挠,战胜自我,永远向上,力争在事业与品行两个方面都达到最高境界。 南开大学校训:"允公允能日新月异",提倡的是"公能"教育,一方面是培养青年"公而忘私"、"舍己为人"的道德观念;另一方面则是训练青年"文武双全"、"智勇兼备",为国效劳的能力。这与美国普林斯顿大学的校训:"普林斯顿——为了给国家服务"如出一辙。 大学校训有着深厚的文化底蕴,它可以体现出一个大学良好的精神风貌,优良的学风,先进的办学理念和教学方针政策,甚至是学校的整个文化背景和文化氛围。不同的国家、地区思想文化的差异,造成办学理念的差异,但这些理念不应是相互对立、互不通融的,而应该是相互交叉、相互补充。

世界各国国家、首都中英文对照

亚洲各国:(按地理位置由东向西推进) 中国the People's Republic of China Beijing 人民币 RMB 蒙古国 (Mongolia) 首都:乌兰巴托(Ulan Bator)货币名称:图格里克(togrog) 朝鲜主义人民国(The Democratic People's Republic of Korea首都:平壤 (Pyongyang) 大民国 (Republic of Korea) 首尔 (Seoul) 日本国 (Japan) 首都:东京(Tokyo), 菲律宾国 (The Republic of The Philippines) 首都:马尼拉(Manila) 印度尼西亚国 (The Republic of Indonesia) 首都:雅加达(Jakarta), 东帝汶国 (DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF TIMOR-LESTE)首都:帝力 (Dili) 马来西亚 (Malaysia) 首都:吉隆坡(kuala lumpur) 文莱达鲁萨兰国(Brunei Darussalam)首都:斯里巴加湾市(Bandar Seri Begawan) 新加坡国 (The Republic of Singapore) 首都:新加坡市(Singapore City) 越南社会主义国(The Socialist Republic of Viet Nam) 首都:河 (Ha Noi) 老挝人民国(The Lao People's Democratic Republic)首都:万象(Vientiane)[vjen'tjɑ:n] 柬埔寨王国 (The Kingdom of Cambodia) 首都:金边(Phnom Penh)[p?'n?m'pen] 泰王国 (The Kingdom of Thailand) 首都:曼谷(Bangkok)[,b??'k?k; 'b??-] 缅甸联邦 (The Union of Myanmar) 首都:比都(Nay Pyi Taw原首都仰光 (Yangon) 孟加拉人民国 (The People's Republic of Bangladesh) 首都:达卡 (Dhaka) 不丹王国(Kingdom of Bhutan)首都:廷布 (Thimphu) 尼泊尔联邦国(Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal)加德满都 (Kathmandu) 印度国 (The Republic of India)新德里(New Delhi)货币名称:印度卢比(Rupee) 巴基斯坦伊斯兰国 (The Islamic Republic of Pakistan) 首都:伊斯兰堡(Islamabad) 阿富汗 (Afghanistan) 首都:喀布尔(Kabul) 伊朗伊斯兰国 (The Islamic Republic of Iran) 首都:德黑兰 (Tehran) 货币:里亚尔(rial)。伊拉克国 (The Republic of Iraq) 首都:巴格达(Baghdad), 科威特国 (The State of Kuwait) 首都:科威特城 (Kuwait City), 巴林王国 (the Kingdom of Bahrain) 首都:麦纳麦(Manama), [m?'n?m?] 卡塔尔国 (The State of Qatar) 首都:多哈 (Doha) 阿拉伯联合酋长国(The United Arab Emirates)首都:阿布扎比Abu Dhabi['?bu: 'e?bi:] 阿曼丹国(The Sultanate of Oman)首都:马斯喀特 Muscat['m?sk?t, ' -k?t] 也门国 (The Republic of Yemen) 首都:萨那 (Sana’a) 沙特阿拉伯王国 (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)首都:利雅得Riyadh [ri:'jɑ:d] 约旦哈希姆王国 (The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan) 首都:安曼(Amman) 以色列国 (The State of Israel) 首都:特拉维夫(Tel Aviv) 巴勒斯坦国 (The state of Palestine) 黎巴嫩国 (The Republic of Lebanon) 首都:贝鲁特(Beirut) 阿拉伯叙利亚国(The Syrian Arab Republic)首都:大马士革(Damascus) 塞浦路斯国 (The Republic of Cyprus) ['saipr?s] 首都:尼科西亚(Nicosia)[,nik?u'si(:)?] 土耳其国 (The Republic of Turkey) 首都:安卡拉(Ankara) 阿塞拜疆国(The Republic of Azerbaijan) ['ɑ:z?bai'd?ɑ:n] 首都:巴库 (Baku)

亚洲各国国名及首都中英文对照表

亚洲各国国名及首都对照表 国名首都East Asia(5): 中华人民共和国People's Republic of China北京Beijing 朝鲜Democratic [,dem?'kr?tik,-k?l] People's Republic of Korea 平壤Pyongyang ['pj??jɑ:?] 韩国Republic of Korea《 汉城Seoul [s?ul; 'sj?:ul] 蒙古Mongolia [m??'ɡ?uli?; 'm?n-]乌兰巴托Ulan Bator 日本Japan东京Tokyo Southeast Asia(11): 越南Socialist ['s?u??list] Republic of Vietnam[,vjet'n?m]河内Hanoi[h?'n?i] 老挝Lao People's Democratic Republic万象Vientiane[vjen'tjɑ:n] 金边Phnom Penh['n?m'pen; p?'n?:m'pen]— 柬埔寨Kingdom of Cambodia['k?mb?udi?] 缅甸Union of Myanmar ['mj?nmɑ:]仰光Yangon 泰国Kingdom of Thailand曼谷Bangkok 马来西亚Malaysia吉隆坡Kuala Lumpur 新加坡Republic of Singapore新加坡Singapore 雅加达Jakarta ? 印度尼西亚Republic of Indonesia 菲律宾Republic of the Philippines马尼拉Manila 文莱Brunei Darussalam斯里巴加湾市Bandar Seri Begawan 东帝汶Democratic Republic of East Timor帝力Dili South Asia(8): 科伦坡Colombo · 斯里兰卡Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka 马尔代夫Republic of Maldives马累Male 巴基斯坦Islamic Republic of Pakistan伊斯兰堡Islamabad 印度Republic of India新德里New Delhi 孟加拉国People's Republic of Bangladesh达卡Dhaka 加德满都Kathmandu — 尼泊尔Kingdom of Nepal 不丹Kingdom of Bhutan廷布Thimphu 锡金Sikkim['sikim]甘托克Gangtok West Asia(20): 阿富汗Islamic State of Afghanistan喀布尔Kabul 伊朗Islamic Republic of Iran《 德黑兰Tehran 土耳其Republic of Turkey安卡拉Ankara 塞浦路斯Republic of Cyprus尼科西亚Nicosia 叙利亚Syrian Arab Republic大马士革Damascus 黎巴嫩Lebanese Republic贝鲁特Beirut 巴勒斯坦Islamic Republic of Palestine" 耶路撒冷Jerusalem 以色列State of Israel特拉维夫Tel Aviv-Yafo 约旦Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan安曼Amman

世界各国和地区名称及首都(首府)一览表

世界各国和地区名称及首都(首府)一览表 亚洲 序 号国家首都 序 号 国家首都 序 号 国家首都 1 中国北京18 以色列耶路撒冷 35 巴勒斯坦 耶路撒 冷 2 韩国首尔19 也门萨那36 卡塔尔多哈 3 朝鲜平壤20 菲律宾马尼拉37 黎巴嫩贝鲁特 4 日本东京21 新加坡新加坡38 蒙古 乌兰巴 托 5 马来 西亚吉隆 坡 22 马尔代 夫 马累39 土耳其安卡拉 6 印度 新德 里23 文莱 斯里巴加 湾市 40 哈萨克斯 坦 阿斯塔 纳 7 巴基 斯坦伊斯 兰堡 24 东帝汶帝力41 乌兹别克 斯坦 塔什干 8 泰国曼谷25 印度尼 西亚雅加达42 吉尔吉斯 斯坦 比什凯 克 9 越南河内26 伊拉克巴格达43 塔吉克斯杜尚别

坦 10 斯里 兰卡科伦 坡 27 伊朗德黑兰44 土库曼斯 坦 阿什哈 巴德 11 缅甸 内比 都 28 约旦安曼45 阿塞拜疆巴库 12 孟加 拉国达卡29 沙特阿 拉伯 利雅得46 格鲁吉亚 第比利 斯 13 不丹廷布30 阿联酋阿布扎比 47 亚美尼亚埃里温 14 阿富 汗喀布 尔 31 阿曼马斯喀特 15 柬埔 寨 金边32 科威特科威特城 16 尼泊 尔加德 满都 33 巴林麦纳麦 17 老挝万象34 叙利亚大马士革 序 号国家首都 序 号 国家首都 序 号 国家首都 1 英国伦敦18 荷兰 阿姆斯特 丹35 列支 敦士 瓦杜 兹

登 2 罗马 尼亚布加 勒斯 特 19 爱尔兰都柏林36 冰岛 雷克 雅未 克 3 法国巴黎20 捷克布拉格37 安道 尔安道尔城 4 波兰华沙21 斯洛伐克 布拉迪斯 拉发38 芬兰 赫尔 辛基 5 瑞士 伯尔 尼22 葡萄牙里斯本39 俄罗 斯 莫斯 科 6 瑞典斯德 哥尔 摩 23 斯洛文尼亚 卢布尔雅 那 40 奥地 利 维也 纳 7 意大 利罗马24 马其顿斯科普里41 乌克 兰 基辅 8 德国柏林25 克罗地亚萨格勒布42 白俄 罗斯明斯克 9 摩纳 哥摩纳 哥 26 梵蒂冈梵蒂冈城43 摩尔 多瓦 基希 讷乌 10 拉脱 维亚里加27 比利时布鲁塞尔44 黑山 波德 戈里

各种花的英文名

各种花卉的英文名 iris蝴蝶花 cockscomb鸡冠花 honeysuckle金银花chrysanthemum菊花 carnation康乃馨 orchid兰花 canna美人蕉 jasmine茉莉花 daffodil水仙花 peony牡丹 begonia秋海棠 cactus仙人掌 christmas flower圣诞花/一品红poppy罂粟 tulip郁金香 chinese rose月季 violet紫罗兰 peach flower桃花 aloe芦荟 mimosa含羞草 dandelion蒲公英

plum bolssom梅花中国水仙 new year lily 石榴 pomegranate 月桂victor's laurel 报春花 polyanthus 木棉 cotton tree 紫丁香 lilac 吊钟 lady's eardrops 紫荆 Chinese redbud 百合 lily 紫罗兰 wall flower 桃花 peach 紫藤 wisteria 杜鹃 azalea 铃兰 lily-of-the-valley 牡丹 tree peony 银杏 ginkgo 芍药 peony 蝴蝶兰 moth orchid 辛夷 violet magnolia 蟹爪仙人掌 Christmas cactus 玫瑰 rose 郁金香 tulip

茶花 common camellia 千日红 common globe-amaranth 非洲堇 African violet 栀子花 cape jasmine 木槿 rose of Sharon 风信子 hyacinth 百子莲 African lily 牵牛花 morning glory 君子兰 kefir lily 荷包花 lady's pocketbook 含笑花 banana shrub 非洲菊 African daisy 含羞草 sensitive plant 茉莉 Arabian jasmine 猪笼草 pitcher plant 凌霄花 creeper 树兰 orchid tree 康乃馨coronation 鸡冠花 cockscomb 荷花lotus 鸢萝 cypress vine 菩提 botree

日常常见中文英文对照表

handbag手提包 hatbox帽盒 cosmetics case 化妆箱 gloves手套 wrist watch手表 belt腰带 pendant项饰 necklace项链 neck scarf围巾 earrings耳环 sun glasses太阳镜 ring戒指 bracelet手链, 手镯 tie领带 cuff links袖扣 ascot宽领带 hair net发网 brush毛刷 nail polish指甲油 cream rinse营养发水 hair spray发胶 powder puff粉扑

face powder粉 compact带镜粉盒 astringent化妆水 perfume香水 skin milk乳液 cold cream油底霜 atomizer喷雾式香水 hand mirror手镜 bobby pin发夹 false eyelashes 假睫毛 lipstick口红 wig假发 tissue面纸 purse手包 brooch胸针 shawl披肩 neckerchief领巾 台湾是中国神圣领土不可分割的一部分Taiwan is an inalienable part of the inviolable territory of China. 〃台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots 〃台湾、香港、澳门保持原有的资本主义制度和生活方式长期

不变Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao will retain the current capitalist system and way of life for a long time to come. 〃炭疽anthrax 〃踢皮球pass the buck 〃逃废银行债务evasion of repayment of bank loans 〃韬光养晦hide one’s capacities and bide one’s time 〃讨价还价wheel and deal 〃统筹兼顾make overall plans adn take all factors into consideration; overall planning and all-round consideration 〃同乡会an association of fellow provincials or townsmen 〃筒子楼tube-shaped apartment 〃团队精神team spirit; esprit de corps 〃团结就是力量Unity is strength. 〃退耕还林还草grain for green 〃退耕还林还牧convert the land for forestry and pasture 〃鸵鸟政策ostrich policy; ostrichism 〃脱贫致富?cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity? 〃拖欠工资arrears of wage W 〃挖墙脚undermine the foundation of sth.; cut the ground

各国及首都英文名(带音标)

世界各国及首都英文名称(带音标) 国家或地区简称(英文)国家或地区代码首都(中、英文)国家或地区全称(英、中文) 1. Afghanistan [?f'ɡ?nist?n] [AFG; AF] 喀布尔(Kabul ['k?:bl; k?'bu:l]) the Islamic State of Afghanistan 阿富汗伊斯兰国 2. Albania [?l'beinj?] [ALB; AL] 地拉那(Tirana [ti'rɑ:n?]) the Republic of Albania 阿尔巴尼亚国 3. Algeria [?l'd?i?ri?] [DZA; DZ] 阿尔及尔(Alger['?ld??]或Algiers[?l'd?i?z]) the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria阿尔及利亚人民国 4. Andorra [?n'd?r?] [AND; AD] 安道尔城(Andorra La Vella) the Principality of Andorra 安道尔公国 5. Angola [??'ɡ?ul?] [AGO; AO] 罗安达(Luanda [lu:'ɑ:nd?]) the Republic of Angola 安哥拉国 6. Antigua and Barbuda [?n'ti:ɡ?] [bɑ:`bu:d?] [ATG; AG] 圣约翰(Saint[seint,s?nt] John's)安提瓜和巴布达 7. Argentina [?ɑ:d??n'ti:n?] [ARG; AR] 布宜诺斯艾利斯(Buenos Aires ['bwen?s'ai?riz])the Argentine ['ɑ:d??ntain] Republic 阿根廷国 8. Armenia [ɑ:'mi:nj?] [ARM; AM] 埃里温(Yerevan ['jere'vɑ:n]) the Republic of Armenia 亚美尼亚国 9. Australia [?s'treilj?] [AUS; AU] 堪培拉(Canberra ['k?nb?r?]) The Commonwealth['k?m?nwelθ] of Australia澳大利亚 10. Austria ['?stri?] [AUT; AT] 维也纳(Vienna [vi'en?]) the Republic of Austria 奥地利国 11. Azerbaijan [?ɑ:z?bai'd?ɑ:n] [AZE; AZ] 巴库(Baku [bɑ:'ku:]) the Republic of Azerbaijan阿塞拜疆国 12. Bahamas [b?'hɑ:m?z] [BHS; BS] 拿骚(Nassau ['n?s?:]) the Commonwealth of the Bahamas 巴哈马联邦 13. Bahrain [bɑ: 're?n] [BHR; BH] 麦纳麦(Manama [m?'n?m?]) the Kingdom of Bahrain 巴林王国 14. Bangladesh [?bɑ:?ɡl?'de∫] [BGD; BI] 达卡(Dhaka [`d?k?]) the People's Republic of Bangladesh孟加拉人民国 15. Barbados [bɑ:'beid?uz] [BRB; BB] 布里奇顿(Bridgetown ['brid?taun])巴巴多斯 16. Belarus [?bel?'ru:s] [BLR; BY] 明斯克(Minsk [minsk]) the Republic of Belarus 白俄罗斯国 17. Belgium ['beld??m] [BEL; BE] 布鲁塞尔(Brussels ['br?slz]) the Kingdom of Belgium 比利时王国 18. Belize [be'li:z] [BLZ; BZ] 贝尔莫(Belmopan ['belm?lp?n])伯利兹 19. Benin [be'nin] [BEN; BJ] 波多诺夫(Porto-Novo) the Republic of Benin 贝宁国 20. Bhutan [bu:'tɑ:n] [BTN; BT] 廷布(Thimphu [`θ?mfu:,-pu:,θ?m`pu:]) the Kingdom of Bhutan 不丹王国 21. Bolivia [b?'livi?] [BOL; BO] 拉巴斯(La Paz [lɑ:'p?z]) the Republic of Bolivia 玻利维亚国

世界各国首都(中英文对照)

国家名称首都 中华人民共和国People's Republic of China 北京Beijing 蒙古Mongolia 乌兰巴托Elggydggmgj 朝鲜Democratic People's Republic of Korea 平壤Pyongyang 韩国Republic of Korea 汉城Seoul 日本Japan 东京Tokyo 菲律宾Republic of the Philippines 马尼拉Manila 印度尼西亚Republic of Indonesia 雅加达Jakarta 文莱Brunei Darussalam 斯里巴加湾市Bandar Seri Begawan 新加坡Republic of Singapore 新加坡Singapore 泰国Kingdom of Thailand 曼谷Bangkok 马来西亚Malaysia 吉隆坡Kuala Lumpur 越南Socialist Republic of Vietnam 河内Hanoi 老挝Lao People's Democratic Republic 万象Vientiane 柬埔寨Kingdom of Cambodia 金边Phnom Penh 缅甸Union of Myanmar 仰光Yangon 不丹Kingdom of Bhutan 廷布Thimphu 东帝汶Democratic Republic of East Timor 帝力Dili 尼泊尔Kingdom of Nepal 加德满都Kathmandu 印度Republic of India 新德里New Delhi 孟加拉国People's Republic of Bangladesh 达卡Dhaka 斯里兰卡Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka 科伦坡Colombo 马尔代夫Republic of Maldives 马累Male 巴基斯坦Islamic Republic of Pakistan 伊斯兰堡Islamabad 阿富汗Islamic State of Afghanistan 喀布尔Kabul 塔吉克斯坦Republic of Tajikistan 杜尚别Dushanbe 吉尔吉斯斯坦Kyrgyz Republic 比什凯克Bishkek 哈萨克斯坦Republic of Kazakhstan 阿斯塔纳Astana 乌兹别克期坦Republic of Uzbekistan 塔什干Tashkent 土库曼斯坦Republic of Turkmenistan 阿什哈巴德Ashgabat 伊朗Islamic Republic of Iran 德黑兰Tehran 伊拉克Republic of Iraq 巴格达Baghdad 科威特State of Kuwait 科威特城Kuwait 卡塔尔State of Qatarc 多哈Doha 阿拉伯联合酋长国United Arab Emirates 阿布扎比Abu Dhabi 巴林Kingdom of Bahrain 麦纳麦Manama 阿曼Sultanate of Oman 马斯喀特Muscat 也门Republic of Yemen 萨那Sanaa 沙特阿拉伯Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 利雅得Riyadh 约旦Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 安曼Amman 巴勒斯坦State of Palestine 耶路撒冷Jerusalem 以色列State of Israel 耶路撒冷Jerusalem

植物花卉中英文对照

植物花卉中英文对照、花卉英文名大全 金橘--------------kumquat 米仔兰(米兰)--------- milan tree 变叶木-------------croton 一品红-------------poinsettia 扶桑--------------Chinese hibiscus 吊灯花-------------fringed hibiscus 马拉巴栗(发财树)------- Guiana chestnut 山茶--------------camellia 云南山茶------------Yunnan camellia 金花茶-------------golden camellia 瑞香--------------daphne 结香--------------paper bush 倒挂金钟------------fuchsia 八角金盘------------Japan fatsia 常春藤-------------ivy 鹅掌柴-------------umbrella tree 杜鹃花-------------rhododendron 茉莉花-------------jasmine 桂花--------------sweet osmanthus 夹竹桃-------------sweet-scented oleander 黄花夹竹桃-----------lucky-nut-thevetia 鸡蛋花-------------frangipani 龙吐珠-------------bleeding-heart glorybower 夜香树(木本夜来香)------night jasmine 鸳鸯茉莉------------broadleaf raintree 栀子花-------------cape jasmine 蝴蝶兰-------------moth orchid 卡特兰-------------cattleya 石斛--------------dendrobium 兜兰--------------lady slipper 兰花--------------orchid 春兰--------------goering cymbidium

名片常用中英文对照

名片常用中英文对照 商务中心business center 保险理赔Insurance Claimer 服务顾问Serves Consultant 销售顾问Sales Consultant 渠道服务经理Canal service manager 贵宾厅function room 实业industry or commerce 中行bank of china 开户行account bank 帐号numbered account 市场营销marketing 策划总监author director general 集团Group 大厦Manse 政工师Administration Engineer 总经理工作部经理Manager of General manager working dept. 教授级高工professor Senior Engineer 专工Specialist Engineer 综合管理部Comprehensive Controller Dept. 基地开发部. Base develop dept 市场总监Marketplace Dept. Director General 市场主任Marketplace Dept. Director 餐饮部catering department 预订电话Reserve tel 行政处处长Director of administration Dept. 销售代表Sales ambassador 后勤部经理Logistics dept. manager 财务finance 品牌店长Brand Director 国际International 金融Finance 常务董事managing director, standing director branch office分公司 党委书记General Secretary 音响师(音响工程师)Sound engineer Integrated综合 主办Direct 采购Purchase 部dept. 财务主管bursar 哈尔滨铁路分局HARBIN RAILWAY BRANCH BUREAU 市场经理Marketplace Manager

国外著名大学校训(中英文对照)

国外著名大学校训(中英对照版) 1、哈佛大学Harvard University Let Plato be your friend,and Aristotle,but more let your friend be truth. 与亚里士多德为友,与柏拉图为友,更与真理为友. 2、杜尔大学Drew University Freely have you received;freely give 自由地接受;自由地给予 3、夏威夷大学University of Hawaii Above all nations is humanity 人性超越国界或:人性超越种族 4、斯坦佛大学Stanford University the wind of freedom blowsaZ 愿学术自由之风劲吹 5、约翰霍普金斯大学Johns Hopkins University更多信息请访问: The truth shall make you free 真理必叫你们得以自由 这句话可追溯于新约圣经的约翰福音第八章32节“你们必晓得真理、真理必叫你们得以自由”英文是:“And ye(you)shall know the truth,and the truth shall make you free.”(King James version)。

Man,the servant and interpreter of nature 人类是大自然的理解者和仆人或:理解自然;服务自然 7、北达科他大学University of North Dakota Intelligence,the Basis of Civilization 才智是文明的基础 8、麻省理工学院MIT Mind and Hand 既学会动脑,也学会动手 这真是工程院校的校训。反映了MIT的创建者的办学理想-教育的内容一定要有它的实践意义。 9、华盛顿大学Washington University Strength through Truth 力量借助于真理 10、康涅狄克大学University of Connecticut He who transplants sustains *“He who transplants sustains”也是康州的州训,它反映了当初北美的殖民者的信念:上帝(He),把他们从英格兰迁移(transplant)到北美大陆,会继续帮助他们,供给(sustain)他们。用一个长句子表达这句话,可以是:“God,who transplants us,sustain us.”Or“God,who the colonists believed had Transp lanted them from England to the New World,where he continued to sustain them.”

各种花的英文名

iris 蝴蝶花hon eysuckle 金银花 chrysanthemum 菊花 carnation 康乃馨 orchid 兰花 canna 美人蕉 jasmine 茉莉花 daffodil 水仙花 peony 牡丹 begonia 秋海棠 cactus 仙人掌 christmas flower 圣诞花/一品红 poppy 罂粟 tulip 郁金香 chi nese rose 月 季 violet 紫罗兰 peach flower 桃花 aloe 芦荟 mimosa 含羞草 dandelion 蒲公英 plum bolssom 梅花中国水仙new year lily

石榴pomegranate 月桂victor's laurel 报春花polyanthus 木棉cotton tree 紫丁香lilac 吊钟lady's eardrops 紫荆Chinese redbud 百合lily 紫罗兰wall flower 桃花peach 紫藤wisteria 杜鹃azalea 铃兰lily-of-the-valley 牡丹tree peony 银杏ginkgo 芍药peony 蝴蝶兰moth orchid 辛夷violet magnolia 蟹爪仙人掌Christmas cactus 玫瑰rose 郁金香tulip

非洲堇African violet 栀子花cape jasmine 木槿rose of Sharon 风信子hyacinth 百子莲African lily 牵牛花morning glory 君子兰kefir lily 荷包花lady's pocketbook 含笑花bana shrub 非洲菊African daisy 含羞草sensitive plant 茉莉Arabian jasmine 猪笼草pitcher plant 凌霄花creeper 树兰orchid tree 康乃馨coronation 荷花lotus 鸢萝cypress vine 菩提botree 大理花dahlia

常见花的英文单词新选

常见花的英文单词 中国水仙new year lily 石榴pomegranate 月桂victor's laurel 报春花polyanthus 木棉cotton tree 紫丁香lilac 吊钟lady's eardrops 紫荆Chinese redbud 百合lily 紫罗兰wall flower 桃花peach 紫藤wisteria 杜鹃azalea 铃兰lily-of-the-valley 牡丹tree peony 银杏ginkgo 芍药peony 蝴蝶兰moth orchid 辛夷violet magnolia 蟹爪仙人掌Christmas cactus 玫瑰rose 郁金香tulip 茶花common camellia 千日红common globe-amaranth 非洲堇African violet 栀子花cape jasmine 木槿rose of Sharon 风信子hyacinth 百子莲African lily 牵牛花morning glory 君子兰kefir lily 荷包花lady's pocketbook 含笑花banana shrub 非洲菊African daisy 含羞草sensitive plant 茉莉Arabian jasmine 猪笼草pitcher plant 凌霄花creeper 树兰orchid tree 康乃馨coronation 鸡冠花cockscomb

荷花lotus 鸢萝cypress vine 菩提botree 大理花dahlia 圣诞百合Christmas bell 一串红scarlet sage 紫薇crape myrtle 勿忘我forget-me-not 睡莲water lily 文心兰dancing lady 吊兰spider plant 白头翁pappy anemone 向日葵sunflower 矢车菊cornflower 竹bamboo 金鱼草snapdragon 夹竹桃oleander 金盏花pot marigold 月季花china rose 金银花honeysuckle 长春花old maid 金莲花garden nasturtium 秋海棠begonia 非洲凤仙African touch-me-not 美人蕉canna 曼陀罗angel's trumpet 晚香玉tuberose 梅花flowering apricot 野姜花ginger lily 圣诞红common poinsettia 菊花chrysanthemum 虞美人Iceland poppy 昙花epiphyllum 鸢尾iris 龙胆royal blue 腊梅winter sweet 麒麟花crown of thorns 木芙蓉cotton rose 九重葛paper flower 火鹤花flamingo flower 三色堇tricolor viola 嘉德丽亚兰cattleya

亚洲常见花卉英文译名

亚洲常见花卉英文译名Abutilon pictum / Thomsonii风铃花 Abutilon Hybriden金铃花 Acacia dealbata银栲皮树 Acaena / New Zealand burr无瓣蔷薇(纽西兰球果属植物) Acanthus叶蓟属植物 Acer palmatum掌叶槭 Achillea / Yarrow丽纹锯草(蓍草属植物) Achimenes / Cupid's bower / hot water plant长筒花Actinidia狝猴桃<--攀缘植物 Adenium obesum沙漠玫瑰(天宝花) Adiantum capilus-veneris / True maidenhair fern铁线蕨Aegopodium podagraia 'Variegata'斑叶羊角芹 African daisy非洲菊 Agapanthus / African lily百子莲 Agastache藿香 Agave龙舌兰属植物 Ageratum houstonianum紫花霍香蓟 Agrostemma githago / Corn cockle麦仙翁 Ajuga reptans匍筋骨草 Akebia木通(别名:巧克力藤蔓) <--攀缘植物

Alcea rosea / Hollyhock蜀葵 Alchemilla / Lady's mantle斗篷草 Allium葱属 Aloe芦荟属植物 Alyssum香荠属植物 Amaranthus苋属植物 Ampelopsis山葡萄<--攀缘植物 Ampelopsis brevipedunculata蛇白蔹 Anchusa capensis / Alkanet非洲勿忘草Androsace carnea / Rock jasmine铜钱花Anethu, graveolens / Dill莳萝 Annual phlox福禄考 Antennaria dioica山荻 Anthemis西洋甘菊 Anthemis punctata subsp cupaniana春黄菊Antirrhinum majus / Snapdragon金鱼草 Arabis / Rock cress南芥菜(岩水芹) Aralia elata黃斑高? Arbutus野草莓樹 Arctotis Fastuosa / Monarch of the veldt南非雛菊Arenaria balearica蚤綴

常见词汇中英文对照

ACCA考试常见词汇中英对照表及释义 1、Accelerated Depreciation 加快折旧: 任何基于会计或税务原因促使一项资产在较早期以较大金额折旧的折旧原则 2、Accident and Health Benefits 意外与健康福利: 为员工提供有关疾病、意外受伤或意外死亡的福利。这些福利包括支付医院及医疗开支以及有关时期的收入。 3、Accounts Receivable (AR)应收账款: 客户应付的金额。拥有应收账款指公司已经出售产品或服务但仍未收取款项 4、Accretive Acquisition 具增值作用的收购项目: 能提高进行收购公司每股盈利的收购项目 5、Acid Test 酸性测试比率: 一项严谨的测试,用以衡量一家公司是否拥有足够的短期资产,在无需出售库存的情况下解决其短期负债。计算方法:(现金+ 应收账款+短期投资)/ 流动负债 6、Act of God Bond 天灾债券: 保险公司发行的债券,旨在将债券的本金及利息与天然灾害造成的公司损失联系起来

7、Active Bond Crowd 活跃债券投资者: 在纽约股票交易所内买卖活跃的定息证券 8、Active Income 活动收入: 来自提供服务所得的收入,包括工资、薪酬、奖金、佣金,以及来自实际参与业务的收入 9、Active Investing 积极投资: 包含持续买卖行为的投资策略。主动投资者买入投资,并密切注意其走势,以期把握盈利机会 10、Active Management 积极管理: 寻求投资回报高于既定基准的投资策略 11、Activity Based Budgeting 以活动为基础的预算案: 一种制定预算的方法,过程为列举机构内每个部门所有牵涉成本的活动,并确立各种活动之间的关系,然后根据此资料决定对各项活动投入的资源 12、Activity Based Management 以活动为基础的管理: 利用以活动为基础的成本计算制度改善一家公司的运营 13、Activity Ratio 活动比率: 一项用以衡量一家公司将其资产负债表内账项转为现金或营业额的能力的会计比率

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