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期末词汇学

一根据定义写属于名称10*1

1.The morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning, not divisible or analyzable into any smaller forms.

2.A free morpheme 自由词素(form) is a morpheme which can occur as a separate word. They can be used independently. They are more like roots of words.

3.A bound morpheme 黏着词素(form) cannot stand by itself as a word, or it can not be used independently; it must appear with at least one other morphemes, free or bound.

4.Affixes are considered bound morphemes that can be used when added to another morpheme.

5.Affixes that indicate grammatical or functional changes are called inflectional changes. 曲折词缀

6.The process by which noninflectional affixes are added to roots to form words :derivation 派生法

7.a morpheme to which affixes can be added ：root

8.a bound morpheme attached to a base (root or stem):affix

9.an affix attached to the end of a base :suffix 后缀

10.an affix attached to the beginning of a base:prefix

11.Conversion 转换法is a main type of word-formation process in which a word of certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without an addition of

an affix.

12.Onomatopoeia拟声法is the oldest device of word-formation which is used to form a word from sound.

13.（逆生法）Back-formation is an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from an already existing longer word in the vocabulary.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4d7368526.html,pounding 复合法is a main type of word-formation, adding one base to another to form a new unit. Words formed in this way are called compounds.

15 Blending拼缀法 is a process of word-formation, in which

a new word is formed by combining the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not in its full form, or both of which are not in their full forms.

16，Clipping截短法 or shortening is a method of shortening a word without changing its meaning. For example, gas was clipped from gasoline

17.Initialism(首字母缩略词) is a type of shortening, using the first letter of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase; an initialism is pronounced letter by letter. For example, BBC (for British Broadcasting corporation) is pronounced /bi: bi: si:/

18Acronyms （首字母拼音词）are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term. Acronyms are pronounced as a word rather than as sequence of letters:把用首字母组成的缩略拼组成一个词，就是首字母拼音词。

laser/leizэ/ ←lightwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation 激光

二，单选10*1 （了解最基础的概念，期中考试卷子上，ppt上）三，选择下列单词的构词方法 10*1

A derivation

B conversion

C compounding

D back- formation 四，单词的构词方法10*1

A Clipping words

B initialism

C acronym

D Blend

五，汉译英10*2

不交费的toll-free

免税的tax-free (duty-free) 不含脂肪的fat-free

无须维修的maintenance-free，无息的interest-free

无忧无虑的care-free，无核武器的nuclear-weapon free

无尘的dust-free,没有皱纹的wrinkle-free

sea-sick晕船的，晕机的air-sick

晕车的car-sick, 想家的home-sick

noun+ proof 防止…，耐的…，抗…的)

永不言败的fool-proof，万无一失的a fool-proof plan (method)防火的fire-proof，防尘的dust-proof

隔音的sound-proof，防弹的bullet proof

防水的water-proof, 防冻的frost-proof

防碎的shatter-proof，不透气的air-proof

ocean-green:

完全聋的stone-deaf 累极了的dog-tired

终生的,life-long 齐肩高的,shoulder-high

深可没膝的knee-deep Heartsick 沮丧的

Line-dry 一晒就干的 World- famous 文明世界的

Blood-thirsty 嗜血成性的 Threadbare 穿旧的

六．英译汉15*1

Greenbelt 绿色地带 Greengrocer 菜贩子

Greenhorn 生手 Greenroom 演员休息室

Handbag 手包 handbook 手册

handbrake 手刹 handrail 扶手，栏杆

Aftercare 调养aftereffect 后果aftertaste 回味afterthought 事后的想法

sleeping bag 睡袋 sleeping car卧车

Sleeping pill 安眠药 sleeping partner 匿名合伙人Running mate 竞选伙伴 running hand 草书

Running head 栏外标题 running board 脚踏板

Washing basin 脸盆 wishing board 搓板

Washing woman 洗衣妇 washing cloth 毛巾

Sunburn 晒黑 sunburst 阳光突现

Sunset 日落 sunshine

Break down 故障 break-in 破门而入

Break through 突破 break up 解体

Out break 爆发 out cry 尖叫

out lay 经费支出 outlet 出口

Fire power 火力 fire brand 火把

fire bomb 燃烧弹,fire brigade消防队 ,fire escape逃生梯Red alert 紧急警报 red carpet 隆重欢迎,

red meat, 红色肉类，red tape 官样文章, red fish鲑鱼Working capital流动资本 Working load 工作量

Working order工作状态Working -out 计算 Working man Playback 播放 Play boy 花花公子 Playday 放假日Playground 操场 Playwright 剧作家

Blue-pencil 修改校订 cold- shoulder 冷淡

Handcuff将。。。上手铐 pitch-fork 把。。。塞进

Sandbag 用沙袋阻塞 shipwreck 失事

Short-circuit 短路 snowball 增长

Wisecrack 说俏皮话

七．选词填空15*1

1.. He waited with (baited, bated) breath.

2. The brother and sister are both (blonds, blondes).

3. There is a (brake, break) in the clouds.

4. Her (bridal, bridle) gown was trimmed with lace.

5. A (pedal, peddle) of the bicycle fell off.

6. Cromwell (reined, reigned) over England like a king.

7. The wreckers began to (raise, raze) the building.

8. Although we watched carefully, the guard remained (stationary, stationery) for one hour.

9. Edgar cannot sail until he has a full (complement, compliment) of men for his crew, and he is still lacking

a deck hand.

10. Eric was a tireless scholar, he would (pour, pore) over his books without a break until everyone else in the dormitory gone to sleep.

A. sanguine乐观的, sanguinary血腥的

1. John's nature was so sanguine that we all felt cheered up when we saw him.

2. The battle was so sanguinary that hardly a combatant on either side was without a wound.

B. disinterested公正的, uninterested 不感兴趣的

1. We could not have had a worse judge than the one we

had, he was completely uninterested in the case and the participants, and even read a magazine during some of the testimony.

2. We could not have had a better judge than Judge Blandford; he was friendly, knowledgeable, and above all completely disinterested .

C. rout溃败, route 路线

1. Although we played them on even terms for the first half,.the second half was a rout.

2. To get to our cottage you follow _route 19 as far as Cross Comers then ask for directions.

D. Official官方的；官员, officious 多管闲事的

1. The official in charge of the game did a lousy job.

2. Time was so officious in his new job that he was insufferable.

E. material材料, materiel 军需品

1. The dress was made of synthetic material .

2. The general needs more troops and materiel .

F. Moral道德, morale 士气

1. The moral of the story is "Beware of flattering".

2. The morale of our troops is high.

G. fallible 容易犯错的, fallacious 谬误的，错误的

1. All men are fallible.

2. The argument, convincing when first heard, proved on closer examination to be fallacious.

H. precedent先例, precedence 优先权

1. Some say Shakespeare takes precedence over all other writers.

2. There was no precedent for the granting of a midweek holiday.

I, tacit心照不宣的, taciturn 沉默寡言的

1. John, who was sullen and taciturn by nature, found it hard to make friends,

2. They arrived at a tacit agreement.

J. Impracticable 不可实践的,

unpractical 没有实用技能的，动手能力差的

1. The building plans are impracticable.

2. My husband is a marvelous student, but he is so unpractical that he cannot use a hammer, and nails. 八．给下列单词加前缀（否定前缀）10*1

Mature --------immature regular-----irregular Considerate----inconsiderate noble--ignoble Contentious---noncontentious legitimate--illegitimate Metal--nonmetal passive --impassive

Ferrous---nonferrous accuracy--inaccuracy

Endurable===unendurable variance---invariance

Inductive---non-inductive legible--illegible Reasonable---unreasonable rational--irrational Scrupulous --unscrupulous staple----non-staple Balance---imbalance legalize---illegalize

下边的忘了什么题形了。

有钱人和没钱人haves and have-nots,

条件和结果ifs and there fores,勿忘我（植物forget-me-not 过时的人物has-been, 影响 in, 出路out,

技能（诀窍）know-how, 自以为无所不知的人 know-all,

1草绿色的 1grass-green 2深可没膝的 2knee-deep 3无忧无虑 carefree 4隔音的soundproof 5晕车的car-sick 6完全聋的 stone deaf 7防尘的dust proof 8水晶般透明的crystal clear 9雪白的snow-white 10免关税的 tax-free 11推辞，借口ifs and buts.

12.来龙去脉ins and out 13.情况和原因shows and whys

1度蜜月 to honeymoon 2 起绰号to nickname 3用兰色铅笔做记号(删改稿件）to blue-pencil

4 批量生产 to mass-produce 5概述to outline

6 快速阅读to speed-read 7照看婴孩 to babysit

8 滚雪球般增大to snowball

9 浏览商店橱窗to window-shop 10 白日做梦to daydream

词汇学试题(1)

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