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英语词汇学复习题1

英语词汇学复习题 (一)

I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Circle T or

F as you see fit on your answer sheet. (10%)

1.The basic word stock of a language is changing rapidly all the time.

2. A free morpheme is a word in the traditional sense.

3.The total number of functional words is very limited in English.

4.Every English word has its motivation.

5.All the affixes in English are very productive.

6.The meaning of a word, especially that of a polysemous word, is often

determined by the context in which it appears.

7.Some synonyms are connected with euphemisms and vulgarisms.

8.The interaction between American English and British English is largely

from west to east nowadays.

9.If a native word has a borrowed synonym, the foreign word is always

more literary than the native one.

10.A synchronic dictionary is a dictionary of contemporary words.

II. The following are multiple-choice questions. Mark your answer by circling A,B, C or D on your answer sheet. (20%)

11.The history of the English language began with the conquest and

settlement of what is now England by the _________.

(A)Romans

(B)Danish

(C)Angles, Saxons and Jutes

(D)Normans

12.The sentence “Feeling fatigued, Tom retired early” is stylistically

__________.

(A)colloquial

(B)slangy

(C)literary

(D)neutral

13.A morpheme is a two-facet language unit, which possesses both

________.

(A)function and meaning

(B)letters and meaning

(C)syllable and meaning

(D)sound and meaning

14.A hybrid is a word made up of elements belonging to two or more

_________.

(A)foreign languages

(B)different languages

(C)Germanic languages

(D)Romance languages

15.In English the most productive type of conversion is conversion

__________.

(A)from verb to adjective

(B)from adjective to noun

(C)from noun to adjective

(D)from noun to verb

16.The majority of back-formed words are ___________.

(A)nouns

(B)adjectives

(C)verbs

(D)adverbs

17.“Statesman” is an appreciative word whereas “politician” is a

_________.

(A)colloquial word

(B)derogatory word

(C)purr word

(D)neutral word

18.“Happy” and “unhappy” are ____________.

(A)non-gradable antonyms

(B)root antonyms

(C)derivational antonyms

(D)conversives

19.The language brought to North America by the British explorers in the

seventeenth century belongs to the early stage of _______.

(A)Old English

(B)Middle English

(C)Modern English

(D)Contemporary English

20.“Corpse” originally meant the human body. Now it means a dead body.

This is a case of _______.

(A)restriction of meaning

(B)extension of meaning

(C)degeneration of meaning

(D)elevation of meaning

III. Decide whether each of the following words is a A)simple word, B) compound word, C) derived word or D) shortened form. Mark your answer on the answer sheet.

21. taxi 22. lady

23. modernize 24. eager

25. friendship 26. warship

27. German 28. Frenchman

29. crocodile 30. photo

IV. Explain the following terms with appropriate examples. Do it on the answer sheet. (10%)

31. allomorph

32. derivation

V. Give a short answer to the following questions. Do it on the answer sheet. (30%)

33. The meaning of a ploysemous word is often determined by the linguistic context in which it appears. Illustrate this point with examples.

34. What are the four commonest tendencies of the change of word meaning? VI. Give a longer answer (150-200 words) to the following question. Do it on the answer sheet. (20%)

35. How are antonyms classified in English?

英语词汇学参考答案 (一)

I. Some of the following statements are true, the others false. Mark your answer by circling T or F on your answer sheet. (10%)

1 F

2 T

3 T

4 F

5 F

6 T

7 T

8 T

9 F 10 F

II. The following are multiple-choice questions. Mark your answer by circling A,B, C or D on your answer sheet. (20%)

11 C 12 C 13 D 14 B 15 D 16 C 17 B 18 C 19 C 20 A

III. Decide whether each of the following words is a A) simple word, B) compound word, C) derived word or D) shortened form. Mark your answer on the answer sheet.

21. D 22. A

23. C 24. A

25. C 26. B

27. A 28. B

29. A 30. D

IV. Explain the following terms with appropriate examples. Do it on the answer sheet. (10%)

31. An allomorph is any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds. For example, the allomorphs “–ion/-tion/-sion/-ation” are the positional variants of the same suffix.

32. Derivation or affixation is a process of forming new words by addition of

a word element, such as a prefix, suffix or combining form to an already

existing word. For example, the word “unfair” is formed by adding the prefix “un-“ to the already existing word “fair”.

V. Give a short answer to the following questions. Do it on the answer sheet. (30%)

33.The meaning of a polysemous word is often determined by the linguistic context in which it appears, including the lexical, grammatical, and verbal context in its broad sense. For instance, the verb make can be used in many different senses when it is combined with different lexical items, e.g.: The regulations were made (enacted) to protect children. We made (had) a good lunch before leaving. The train was making(traveling at a speed of) 70 miles an hour.

34.The four commonest tendencies of the change of word meaning are:

1) Restriction of meaning/Specialization: a word of wide meaning acquires a narrower, specialized sense which is applicable to only one of the objects it had previously denoted. E.g. the word meat originally meant “food”, but now means “the flesh of animals used as food, excluding fish and birds”.

2) Extension of meaning/Generalization: the widening of a word’s sense until it covers much more than what it originally conveyed. E.g. the word bird meant a young bird before, but now means “feathered creatures with two legs and two wings”.

3)Degeneration of meaning/Pejoration: Degeneration of meaning is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense. E.g. “accident” once meant an occurance or an event, but now it means only “bad occurance”.

4) Elevation of meaning/Amelioration: Elevation of meaning refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginning to positions of importance, or a word meaning takes a turn for the better in the course of time. E.g. “minister” once meant a servant, it now means “a person at the head of a Department of State”.

VI. Give a longer answer (150-200 words) to the following question. Do it on the answer sheet. (20%)

35.Antonyms may be classified on the basis of semantic contrast or of morphological structure. Semantically antonyms fall into three types:

1)Contraries/Contrary terms: they display a type of semantic contrast, illustrated by such pairs as rich and poor; heavy and light; deep and shallow, etc. They are gradable antonyms.

2)Complementaries/Contradictories: they represent a type of binary semantic

opposition. In this case, the contrast is absolute. Examples are: alive and dead, married and single, present and absent. In this case, sb or sth is either A or B, there is no compromise between.

3)Conversives/Relational opposites: another type of binary opposition as shown in lend and borrow, husband and wife, employer and employee. In this case, the relationship between the two words is interdependent, one member of the pair presupposes the other member.

Antonyms can also be classified morphologically into root antonyms and derivational antonyms. Words like deep/shallow, love/hate, up/down are root antonyms, for they are words with different roots. Words like

happy/unhappy, possible/impossible, loyal/disloyal, code/decode, etc. are derivational antonyms, each pair has the same root.

英语词汇学复习题(A)

英语词汇学复习题（A）（2012-05-29） Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. 1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（） A．meaning B．sound C．combination of sounds D．group 2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（） A．more slowly than B．as quickly as C．more rapidly than D．not so quickly as 3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（）A．use frequency B．notion C．origin D．sound 4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（） A．green revolution B．fast food C．moon walk D．space shuttle 5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need. （） A．form B．meaning C．look D．pronunciation 6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.（） A．four B．fell C．for D．autumn 7．The plural morpheme “-s”is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______. （） A．/t/ B．/g/ C．/p/ D．/k/ 8．There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.（）A．one B．two C．three D．four 9．The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.（） A．works B．prewar

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试题三第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%) 1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( ) A. perfect homonyms B. homonyms C. homophones D. all the above 2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( ) A. ad for “advertisement” B. dish for “food" C. fond for “affectionate” D. an editorial for “an editorial article" 3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( ) A. the reader’s interpretation B. the neighbouring words C. the writer's intention D. the etymology of the word 4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order? A. extra- B. pro- C. re- D. semi- 5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary? A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology B. Chamber's Encyclopedic English Dictionary C. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs D. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms 6.Which of the following statements is Not true? A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world. B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary. C. Concept is universal to all men alike. D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language. 7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( ) A. physical context B. grammatical context C. lexical context D. linguistic context 8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( ) A. definition B. explanation C. example D. hyponym 9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( ) A. it can refer to the common core of a language B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period D. it can stand for words in given dialect or field 10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( ) A. simile B. metaphor

英语词汇学及答案

英语词汇学第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers .Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％） 1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ] A. lewd → ignorant B. silly → foolish C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy 2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ] A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above 3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ] A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ] A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D. metaphor 5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ] A. adjectives B. attributes C. modifiers D. words 6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ] A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure 7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ] A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ] A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. etymologically motivated 9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ] A. clear grammar codes B. language notes

现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter

现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料c h a p t e r 文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]

Chapter 9 Changes in Word Meaning 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning 9.2 Four Tendencies in Semantic Change 9.3 Semantic Development or Change Resulting from the Figurative Use of Words Definition: Change of meaning refers to the alteration of the meaning of existing words, as well as the addition of new meaning to established words. 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning A.Historical cause 历史原因 It often happens that though a word retains its original form ,its meaning has changed because the object which it denotes has changed . *Changes of meaning because of increased knowledge of the object described are common in the history of science. Eg. pencil ==is from a Latin word meaning “a little tail” or “a fine brush”, like our Chinese “pen”毛笔.Later, when it was made of wood and graphite ,it was still called a “pencil”. atom ==It was borrowed though Latin and French from Greek arouos,invisible. Thus atom meant originally “an particle too small to be divided”. This meaning is now out-of-date, because scientist have found out that atom can be split.

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英语词汇学考试重点整理

Explain the following terms 一1) free morpheme/ A free morpheme is one that can be uttered发出，表达alone with meaning. It can exist on its own without a bound morpheme. In the traditional sense, a free morpheme is a word. 例如hand ,eat, get 2) bound form/never used as sentences. – ess in countess, lioness and duchess –ish in boyish, childish and greenish –s in hats, books and cups 3) function words/ function words are often short words, they do not have much lexical meaning and some of them have no lexical meaning of their own; They are often short words such as determiners限定词, conjunctions连词, prepositions介词, auxiliaries辅助物, and so forth. 如to, the , of , by 4) content words实词/ They are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning. They are the nouns, main verbs, adjectives形容词and adverbs副词of a language. 二1) syntheti c综合的language / inflectional grammatical markers, French, German and Russian. 2) analytic language/word order, prepositions or auxiliary verbs , English and Chinese 3) Indo-European family of languages/ Europe and parts of Southern Asia Eight groups 三1) morphemes /The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible可分的or analyzable into smaller forms. 2) allomorphs/variants变体of the same morphem如im-, ir-, il- : allomorphs of the morpheme in- 3) root / is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. work able, work er, work ed, and work ing 4) stem /A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology. Inflectional (but not derivational) affixes are added to it. It is the part of word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. 如undesirables, undesirable; desired, desire 5) base / A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. Desirable, desire - base and root, not stem; undesirable, desirable-base, not root and stem 6) inflectional affixes/A inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality复数, tense, and the comparative比较的or superlative 最高的degree. 如-s, -ed, -er, -est 7) derivational affixes / When they are added to another morpheme, they derive a new word. re+write, mini+car, super+market, modern+ize, work+er 8) compounding 复合法/Compounding is a word-formation process consisting of combining two or more bases to form a compound word 9) derivation 派生法/Derivation or affixation is generally defined as a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix or a suffix or both to the base 10) conversion 转化法/Conversion is a word-formation process in which a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix. 11) initialism/It is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase. 12) acronym首字母缩略词/Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, etc. Acronyms differ from initialisms in that they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters. 13) blending拼缀/Blending is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by

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英语词汇学复习题5

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