including用法总结

Including 用法

（1）RON说过：

the "comma + ing" modifier should only be used when:

(A)

it MODIFIES THE ENTIRE ACTION of the preceding clause, and it APPLIES TO THE SUBJECT of that clause;

AND

(B)

one of the following is true:

(1) the "ing" action is SIMULTANEOUS with the main action;

- i ran down the sidewalk, flapping my arms wildly

(2) the "ing" action is a DIRECT CONSEQUENCE of the main action.

- i got a 100 on the most recent exam, bringing my average up to 91

other examples:

joe ran down the sidewalk, flailing his arms.

→ correct (simultaneous)

my cousin took extra classes every semester in college, graduating in three years.

→correct, because the "ing" is an actual consequence of the first action.

my cousin ate frozen food every day in college, graduating in three years.

--> incorrect, because there is no relationship (in particular, the second thing is not a consequence of the first thing, and isn't simultaneous either).

所以那个including不可能修饰authenticity，要不修饰前面句子，要不句子主语作伴随；但是如果根据（1）说的，那么有时候including修饰前面句子和主语作伴随不合理；

（2）但是RON又说过：

important:

"INCLUDING" is an EXCEPTION to the otherwise robust rules for comma+ing

modifiers.

when you see "comma + including", you should think of "including" as a preposition, not as an -ing modifier. therefore, "including X" will become a prepositional phrase that describes the stuff preceding the comma.

即吖RON说，including可以作介词，可以不一定修饰前面句子或名词，或伴随；是"..., V-ing"的一个例外exception。

即RON: comma + "including" can stand for the preceding NOUN -- or the preceding NOUN + MODIFIERS, if there are modifiers attached to the noun.

例题：

GWD-29-Q10与GWD-3-Q3(新PREP1#215)对比

Including修饰instructions

The principal feature of the redesigned checks is a series of printed instructions that the company hopes will help merchants confirm a check’s authenticity, which includes reminders to watch the endorsement, compare signatures, and view the watermark while holding the check to the light.

A.which includes reminders to watch the endorsement, compare signatures, and

view

B.which include reminders for watching the endorsement, to compare signatures and

view

C.by including reminders for watching the endorsement, comparing signatures, and

viewing

D.including reminders to watch the endorsement, comparing signatures and viewing

E.including reminders to watch the endorsement, compare signatures, and view

选项分析：

including修饰前面句子，特别修饰instructions！

只有这样才合理，因为A中which修饰authenticity，逻辑上不合理！所以如果which 修饰instructions的话，才符合逻辑，但是这样includes又跟instructions不一致；

关键在于逻辑意思！看看which就近那个词修饰合不合理，然后向前找；

A which应该指代instructions，includes主谓不一致；

B for watching, to compare signatures and view不平行

C by 在including前面的用法不对。

其实本题用平行很容易快速选出选项。

D. to watch, comparing signatures and viewing不平行

E Correct. including should modify instructions and not authenticity.

GWD-3-Q3(新PREP1#215)

Including修饰remedies

A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.

A.which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing

B.which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught,

closing

C.which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of

D.including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing

E.including the establishing of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the

closing of

题目释义：A study urged to…，including…，closing…，and requiring….

考点：

句子结构（grammatical construction）逻辑意思（logical predication）

1. 定语从句关系代词which的指代

2. 现在分词表伴随功能动作时，与句子谓语同时发生，逻辑主语等于句子主语。

3. and平行结构。

4. limit做动词时的固定搭配：limit to + 界限；limit on doing sth.(做某事的限制)名词：size limits 大小、规模限制

5. urge的固定搭配：urge sb. to do sth.

6. shark catches: 捕鲨量，此处catch意为a quantity of fish that has been caught at one time

选项分析：

A.which离其逻辑上所指的remedies太远，且如果指代remedies不该用单数

includes；the establishment of不如动词establishing简洁，而且与后面的closing不平行。

B.which和includes错误同A；limits to the size of sharks that can be caught不够

简洁，直接用size limits和shark catches就行

C.which错误同A；the establishment of和the closing of名词短语不简洁且和

requiring不平行

D.Correct；including修饰remedies，including是介词，其跳跃能力比which强

E.limits to the size of sharks that can be caught不够简洁，直接用size limits和shark

catches就行；the establishment of和the closing of名词短语不简洁且和requiring 不平行

中考英语口语辅导：consider的用法

中考英语口语辅导：consider的用法 表示“考虑”，其后可接动名词，但不能接不定式。如He is considering changing his job. 他在考虑调换工作。I’ve never really considered getting married. 我从未考虑过结婚的事。注：consider 之后虽然不能直接跟不定式，但可跟“疑问词＋不定式”结构。如Have you considered how to get there / how you could get there. 你是否考虑过何到那儿去？2. 表示“认为”、“把……看作”，下面三个句型值得注意(有时三者可互换) (1) consider ＋that从句(2) consider＋宾语＋(as ＋)名词或形容词(3) consider＋宾语＋(to be ＋)名词或形容词I consider him (as) honest (或an honest man). I consider him (to be) honest (或an honest man). I consider that he is honest (或an honest man). 注：(1) 以上备句意思大致相同，对于consider 之后能否接as 的问题，尚有不同看法(即有人认为不能接as ，有人认为可以拉as，但实际上接as 的用法已很普遍)。(2) 在“consider＋宾语”之后除可接to be 外，有时也可to do 型动词(但多为完成形式)。如We all considered him to have acted disgracefully. 我们都认为他的行为很不光彩。

过去完成时态用法小结

过去完成时态的用法小结 默认分类2009-12-27 12:54:52 阅读281 评论0 字号：大中小订阅 一、过去完成时适用场合 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。 I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。 2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。如： He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。 He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。 He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。 3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如： Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。 He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。 We had hardly begun when we were told to stop. 我们刚开始就被叫停。 It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话，这是第一次。 二、过去完成时与一般过去时的比较 1. 当一个由before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。 We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操后，我们吃早饭。 The train started to move just before he reached the platform. 他到月台时火车刚开走。 They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields. 他们一到地里就开始耕地。 2. 按时间顺序叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作时，用一般过去时。 He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. 他走进屋子，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。 3. 在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺”等时，hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。 I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train. 我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭上火车。 We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go. 我们本想早回来的，但他们不让我们走。 4. 在表示过去的句子中出现常与完成时态连用的词，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，never及次数名词等时，常用过去完成时来表示。

feel like doing和 feel like to do 的区别

feel like doing和 feel like to do 的区别 feel like doing=want to do 没有feel like to do这种用法 feel like 下面是我网上找的关于feel like的用法. 一、feel like＋名词，意为“觉得好像……”。 It feels like rain soon．好像马上就要下雨了。 二、feel like＋物质名词，意为“摸上去像是……”。 1. I'm holding something that feels like a potato. 我拿的东西摸上去像个土豆。 2. This kind of brick feels like wood. 这种砖摸起来像木头。 三、feel like＋名词／代词，意为“觉得想做……”。 I feel like a rest after the long journey. 长途旅行后我想休息一下。 四、feel like＋doing，意为“想做……”。 1. I don't feel like walking very much today. 我今天不太想散步。 2. She really feels like having a talk with him about his study at school. 她的确想和他谈一下他在学校的学习情况。 3. I don't feel like eating anything now. 我现在什么都不想吃。 4. Sometimes when I look into the sky, I feel like making a trip somewhere. 当我看天空时，我很想到某个地方旅行。 五、feel like＋反身代词，意为“感到舒适；感觉身体好”，like可省略。 1. I'm not feeling myself today. 我今天感觉不舒服。 2. He felt（like）himself after doing exercise. 锻炼之后他感觉很舒服。

不定代词用法总结

不定代词总结 一、不定代词 some 与 any 的用法区别 一般说来，不定代词some 用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句和疑问句中。但是，在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中，通常要用 some 而不用any： Would you like some cake 吃点蛋糕吗 Why not buy some bread 为什么不买些面包呢 Shall I get some chalk for you 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗 【说明】不定代词any 有时也用于肯定句中，此时表示“任何”： Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行。Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以。 二、不定代词 many 与 much 的用法以及区别 不定代词many 和 much 都表示“许多”，但 many 修饰或代替可数名词(复数)，与 few(少数)相对；而 much 用来修饰或代替不可数名词(单数)，与little(少量)相对。在口语中两者主要用于非肯定句中： Did you see many people there 你在那儿看见许多人了吗 We don’t have much time. 我们没有许多时间。 Much work has been done. 许多工作都已经做了。 You’ve given me too much. 你已给我太多了。 Take as many (much) as you want. 你要多少拿多少。 I asked her a great many questions. 我问了她许多问题。 辨析：too much；much too； too many 1、too much常用作副词或代词,也可以用作形容词修饰不可数名词.如： Is watching TV too much good or bad for your health电视看得太多对你的健康有益还是有害 You've given me too much.你给我的太多了. We've had too much rain lately.最近我们这里的雨下得太多了. 2、much too常作副词,后接副词或形容词.如： He drove much too fast.他开车开得太快了. It is much too cold.天实在太冷了. 3、too many常用作形容词,修饰可数名词复数.如：

consider的基本用法及与regardthinkofabout

consider的基本用法及与regard,think ofabout和look(up)on as的区别 consider的基本用法及与regard,think of/about和look(up)on as的区别 consider一词在历年高考中是一个常考的要点，其用法应分为两部分来讲。第一、作“考虑、思考”时的搭配如下： 1．consider+n./pron.，例如： Have you considered the suggestion? That’s what we have to consider now. 2．consider+v-ing，但不能接不定式的一般式，例如： We considered going to see the doctor the next day. Have you considered moving to shanghai recently? You must consider to tell him something about it.(错误) 3．consider+疑问词+不定式，例如： He is considering how to improve his English. We must consider what to do next.

4．consider+从句，例如： We didn’t consider whether he should go or not. Have you considered when we should go there? 第二、作“认为、把……当作/看作”等意思时的搭配如下：1．consider+sb/sth+(to be/as)+n./adj.，例如： I consider him to(be/as)my best friend. Everyone considers him(to be)clever. He considered it much improved. 2．consider+sb./sth.+不定式短语（作宾语补足语），不能接不定式的一般式，例如： We consider them to be working very hard. We consider them to have finished the work. We consider him to be the clever in our class. We must consider him to go there at once.(错误) 3．consider+it+adj./n.+不定式短语，其中it为形式宾语，不定式短语为真正的宾语，例如： Jiao Yulu considered it his duty to serve the people heart and soul. They consider it necessary to set the slaves free.

过去完成时知识点总结和题型总结(word)

过去完成时知识点总结和题型总结（word） 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．—We all went to the park except you last weekend. Why didn't you come? —Because I the park twice. A. have gone to B. had gone to C. had been to D. have been to 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】have gone to去了（尚未回）．have been to去过（已回），根据句意在last weekend之前去过，所以用过去完成时，故选C。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时的用法，表示在过去某一时间前已经发生的动作。 2．Sue didn't go to see the film with us last week because she ________________ it with her mother. A. has seen B. had seen C. will see D. saw 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：苏上星期没和我们一起去看电影，因为她和她妈妈一起看过了。 A.已经看了，现在完成时； B.已经看了，过去完成时； C.将看，一般将来时； D.看了，一般过去时。Sue和妈妈看了电影的影响是上周Sue没有和我们看电影，所以用完成时，根据didn't可知是与过去有关，所以用过去完成时，结构是had+动词过去分词，see的过去分词是seen，故选B。 【点评】考查过去完成时，注意平时识记其结构，理解句意。 3．Jake _____his key in the office so he had to wait until his wife _______ home. A. has forgotten … comes B. forgot… come C. had left… came D. had left…would come 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：杰克把他的钥匙丢在办公室了，因此他不得不等到他的妻子回家。结合语境可知前文描述的是过去某时前已经完成的动作，故用过去完成时态。下文指的是过去某时的动作，故用一般过去时态。选C。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。 4．When I ______ the cinema, the film _______for ten minutes A. got to; has begun B. arrived at; has been on C. reached; had begun D. hurried to; had been on

likedoingsth和liketodo

like doing sth. 和 like to do sth. 区别 like to do sth 是偶尔一次的爱好， 而like doing sth 是长期性的爱好. like+doing这里面的进行时表示喜欢经常做一件事情，这件事情也就是这个人的爱好，例如"Do you like reading"意思是你爱好读书吗 like+to do加不定式表示想做什么事情，意思类似于want，例如"Do you like to go with me"表示现在愿不愿意去做某事 like一词具有多种词性和词义，以及多种用法。现简述如下： 一、用作动词： +名词/代词，意为"喜欢某人或某物"。例如： Tom likes fish very much.汤姆非常喜欢鱼。 Mr Wang is a good all like him. 王老师是个好老师，我们都喜欢他。 to do sth. 意为"(偶尔或具体地)喜欢做某事"。例如： I like to swim with you today.今天我喜欢和你一起去游泳。 doing sth. 意为"(经常或习惯地)喜欢做某事"。例如： He likes singing.他喜欢唱歌。 sb. to do sth.意为"喜欢某人做某事"。例如： She likes them to ask questions like this. 她喜欢他们像这样问问题。 like to do sth. (=want to do sth.)意为" 想要做某事"。例如： I'd like to go shopping with you.我想要和你一起去买东西。 like sb. to do sth.意为"想要某人做某事"。

不定代词用法总结

不定代词用法总结-标准化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII

不定代词用法总结 1) some, any, no的用法 a. some和any通常用于表示不定数或不定量，修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。some表示“几个；一些；部 分”，多用于肯定句；而any表示“一些；什么；任何；”，对用于否定句或疑问句中。如： * He asked me some questions. (他问了我几个问题。) * Some of the bread has been eaten. (面包已吃了一些。) * Are there any stamps in this post office (这个邮局里有邮票吗？) * I didn’t have any cigarettes, so I went out to buy some. (我没有香烟了，所以出去买了一些。) b. 刚才我们说some一般用于肯定句而any一般用于否定句和疑问句。但有时也有例外。这要根据句子意思来 看。 * I could not answer some of his questions. (我不能回答他的某些问题。) (some用在否定句中表示“一些；部分”。如果说成：I could not answer any of his questions.意思就变了，它表示“我不能回答他的任何问题。”) * Will you get me some apples on your way back (你回来的路上能给我带一些苹果吗？) (some用在疑问句中大多表示“请求” 或“建议”) * Let me know if you hear any news. (如果你有任何消息请告诉我。) (any用在条件从句中表示“任何”) * “What would you like to drink” “Any will do.” (“你想喝什么？”“哪种都行。”) (any在这里表示“任何”) c. no在句子中作定语，表示否定，意思是“没有；不是”，它可以修饰可数名词的单数和复数形式或不可数名 词。 * There are no letters for you today. (今天没有你的信。) * I have no money at the moment. Could you lend me some (我现在没有钱。你能借我一些吗？) 2) 复合不定代词的用法 a. 不定代词some, any, no与-one, -body, -thing可以组成九个复合代词。它们是： someone anyone no one somebody anybody nobody something anything nothing 这些复合不定代词只有名词的性质，可以作主语、宾语等。 b. 因为some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句或疑问句，no表示完全否定，因此由some, any, no与-one, - body组成的复合代词的用法也一样。 c. 第二部分为-one和-body的复合代词只用于表示人，它们的形式是单数形式，但有时可以用they或them指 代。 * There is someone in your office. Can you hear them talking (你办公室里有人。你听见他们说话了吗？) d. 第二部分为-thing的复合代词只能用于指物。如： * There was something wrong with the car so he had to stopped it. * He looked at me and didn’t say anything. * Nothing can be done to save her life. e. 这些复合不定代词如果有其它的形容词修饰，形容词必须后置。如： * Somebody important has arrived, I’m sure. (important修饰somebody) 3) one和none的用法 不定代词one指代可数名词的单数，即指人，也指物。它的复数形式是ones。在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语等。 * He is not the one who is easily cheated. (one指人) * I’ve made some cakes. Would you like one of them (one指物) * I prefer red roses to white ones. (ones指物) * Are they the ones who moved here a few days ago (ones指人) 4) all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both a. every只有形容词的性质，在句中作定语。常用于修饰单数的可数名词。表示“每个；各个”，还可以表示“一 切”。 * After the strong wind every flower in the garden was gone. every还可以和-one, -thing, -body构成复合不定代词，即：everyone, everything, everybody。其中，everyone和everybody用于指人，意思一样，都是“每人；大家”，形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。everything用于指物，意思是“每件事；一切”，形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。如：* One can’t have everything. * Everything goes well with me. * The town is so small that everybody knows everybody else. 注意：在使用everyone时要注意和every one相区别。everyone是一个不定代词而every on是一个词组，前者只能指人而后者既可以指人也可以指物。请注意下列例句： * Everyone will be here except Patrick. (everyone 指人) * Every one of the children will get a gift. (every one也指人) *We played several matches against the visitors, but unluckily lost every one. (every one指物)

Consider的用法

Consider的用法： -Have you considered_____ the job ss a teacher? -Yes.I like it because a teacher is often considered _______ a gardener. A.to take,to be B.to take,being C.taking,being D.taking,to be 答案：d译文：你考虑过做老师的工作吗？ 是的，我非常喜欢，因为老师通常被认为是园丁 一、consider作“考虑”解，常用于以下句型： 1．consider+名词/代词/动名词。 You'd better consider my suggestion. 你最好考虑我的建议。 I’m considering going abroad some day.我一直考虑有一天出国。 2．consider+从句或“疑问词+不定式”。 Have you considered what he suggested? 你们考虑他的建议了吗？ We must consider what to do next. 我们必须考虑下一步要做什么。 二．consider作“认为”解时，常用于以下句型： 1．consider sb./sth+.(as)+形容词/名词。其中，as可以省略。 We consider him honest. 我们认为他很诚实。 At first they considered me as a doctor.起初他们认为我是医生。 2.consider+sb./sth.+不定式。其中，不定式通常是to be(可以省略)或其他动词的完成式。We consider this matter to be very important. 我们认为这件事很重要。 We all consider him to have stolen the bike.我们都认为他偷了自行车。 3.consider+it+形容词/名词+不定式短语。 We consider it hard to study English well.我们认为学好英语很难。 I consider it my duty to help you with your studies.我认为帮助你学习英语是我的职责。 4.consider+宾语从句。 We consider that the music is well worth listening to.我们这首音乐很值得一听。 在该题中，前一个句子中的consider作“考虑”解，后接动名词作宾语，但不可接不定式，由此可以排除A, B; 后一个句子中的consider作“认为”解，用到句型consider+sb./sth.+不定式，此处使用的是被动语态结构。故答案为D项。 请看下面两道考题，均考查“with+宾语+非谓语动词”结构： 1.—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. —Sorry. With so much work _________my mind, I almost break down. A.filled B.filling C.to fill D.being filled 2.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _________, he gladly acc epted it. A.finished B.finishing C.having finished D.was finished 以上两题答案分别为B和A，均考查“with+宾语+非谓语动词”结构。该结果中的“非谓语动词”可以是不定式、现在分词、过去分词，它们在用法上的区别如下：

英语过去完成时的用法总结

英语过去完成时的用法总结 它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构 主语+had+过去分词vpp、(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词、 ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词、 ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had、 否定回答：No,主语+had not 、 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 基本用法表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如： By nine o’clock last night, we had got200 pictures from the spaceship、到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 过去完成时-语法判定 1、由时间状语来判定

一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night、 （2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term、 （3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday、 2、由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before、 （2 ）状语从句中

like doing sth 和 like to do sth.

like doing sth. 和like to do sth. 区别 like to do sth 是偶尔一次的爱好， 而like doing sth 是长期性的爱好. like+doing这里面的进行时表示喜欢经常做一件事情，这件事情也就是这个人的爱好，例如"Do you like reading?"意思是你爱好读书吗？ like+to do加不定式表示想做什么事情，意思类似于want，例如"Do you like to go with me?"表示现在愿不愿意去做某事 like一词具有多种词性和词义，以及多种用法。现简述如下： 一、用作动词： 1.like+名词/代词，意为"喜欢某人或某物"。例如： Tom likes fish very much.汤姆非常喜欢鱼。 Mr Wang is a good teacher.We all like him. 王老师是个好老师，我们都喜欢他。 2.like to do sth. 意为"(偶尔或具体地)喜欢做某事"。例如： I like to swim with you today.今天我喜欢和你一起去游泳。 3.like doing sth. 意为"(经常或习惯地)喜欢做某事"。例如： He likes singing.他喜欢唱歌。 4.like sb. to do sth.意为"喜欢某人做某事"。例如： She likes them to ask questions like this. 她喜欢他们像这样问问题。 5.would like to do sth. (=want to do sth.)意为" 想要做某事"。例如： I'd like to go shopping with you.我想要和你一起去买东西。 6.would like sb. to do sth.意为"想要某人做某事"。 I'd like you to meet my parents.我想要你见见我的父母亲。 二、用作介词： 1. be like, look like后接名词或代词作宾语，意为"像……；跟……一样"。例如：

consider的用法归纳有哪些

consider的用法归纳有哪些 consider的用法：作名词 consideration作名词，意为careful thought and attention斟酌，考虑 Several considerations have influenced my decision.好几个因素影响了我的决定。 1.Consideration for顾及，体贴 He has never shown much consideration for his wife’s needs.他从来不顾及他妻 子的需要。 2.Under consideration在讨论/考虑中 Several projects are under consideration.好几个项目在讨论中。 There are some proposals under consideration. 有几个建议在审议中。 3.Take sth. into consideration考虑到某事，体谅 Your teachers will take your recent illness into consideration when marking your exams. 你的几位老师在给你的考试评分时，会考虑你最近生病这一情况的。 4.Leave sth. out of consideration 忽略/不重视某事 It was wrong to leave my feelings out of consideration.不顾及我的情感是不对的。 5.Show consideration for体谅，顾及 Jeff never shows any consideration for his mother’s feelings.杰夫从来不体谅他 母亲的感受。 6.of. No / little consideration无关紧要的，不重要的 Whether he would go with us or not was of no consideration. 他是否跟我们一起 去是无关紧要的。 7.In consideration of sth.作为对……的汇报，考虑到 It’s a small payment in consideration of your services.这是答谢您服务的微薄酬金。 consider的用法：作动词 1.Consider作动词，意为think about sth.考虑，斟酌 常用搭配：consider sth. / doing sth. / where(how, why)+to do /that clause; all things considered通盘考虑，考虑到问题的各个方面。如：

过去完成时用法小结

过去完成时用法小结 一、过去完成时适用场合 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。 I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。 2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。如： He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。 He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。 He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。 3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如： Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when...（刚…就…）, no sooner...than... （刚…就…）, It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。 He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。 We had hardly begun when we were told to stop. 我们刚开始就被叫停。 It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话，这是第一次。 二、过去完成时与一般过去时的比较 1. 当一个由before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。 We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操后，我们吃早饭。 The train started to move just before he reached the platform. 他到月台时火车刚开走。 They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields. 他们一到地里就开始耕地。 2. 按时间顺序叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作时，用一般过去时。 He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. 他走进屋子，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。 3. 在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺”等时，hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。 I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train. 我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭上火车。 We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go. 我们本想早回来的，但他们不让我们走。 4. 在表示过去的句子中出现常与完成时态连用的词，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，

不定代词用法归纳

不定代词用法归纳(详细讲解) ■本站特约作者陈根花 一、不定代词概说 英语的不定代词有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等，以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等)。在这些不定代词中，多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语，但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语，而 no 和 every 则只用作定语。 二、指两者和三者的不定代词 有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither)，有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every)，注意不要弄混： Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。 All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。 There are trees on any side of the square. 广场的每一边都种有树。 He has two sons, neither of whom is rich. 他有两个儿子，都不富有。 He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子，都不富有。 【说明】each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上，而 every 只用于三者或三者以上，因此用于两者时只能用 each，不能用 every。如不能说 There are trees on every side of the road. 三、复合不定代词的用法特点 复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句(参见 any & some)。具体使用时应注意以下几点： 1.复合不定代词受定语修饰时，定语应放在它们后面： There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病。 Have you seen anyone [anybody] famous? 你见过名人吗? 2.指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their：Everyone knows this, doesn’t he [don’t they]?人人都知道这一点，不是吗? If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来，让他等着。 3.指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语，谓语动词只能用单数，相应的人称代词也只能用 it，而不用 they：