鲁棒性控制英文文献

中英文论文参考文献标准格式 超详细

超详细中英文论文参考文献标准格式 1、参考文献和注释。按论文中所引用文献或注释编号的顺序列在论文正文之后，参考文献之前。图表或数据必须注明来源和出处。 （参考文献是期刊时，书写格式为： [编号]、作者、文章题目、期刊名（外文可缩写）、年份、卷号、期数、页码。参考文献是图书时，书写格式为： [编号]、作者、书名、出版单位、年份、版次、页码。） 2、附录。包括放在正文内过份冗长的公式推导，以备他人阅读方便所需的辅助性数学工具、重复性数据图表、论文使用的符号意义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关说明等。 参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下： [M]--专著,著作 [C]--论文集(一般指会议发表的论文续集，及一些专题论文集，如《***大学研究生学术论文集》[N]-- 报纸文章 [J]--期刊文章：发表在期刊上的论文，尽管有时我们看到的是从网上下载的（如知网），但它也是发表在期刊上的，你看到的电子期刊仅是其电子版 [D]--学位论文：不区分硕士还是博士论文 [R]--报告：一般在标题中会有"关于****的报告"字样 [S]-- 标准 [P]--专利 [A]--文章：很少用，主要是不属于以上类型的文章 [Z]--对于不属于上述的文献类型，可用字母"Z"标识，但这种情况非常少见 常用的电子文献及载体类型标识： [DB/OL] --联机网上数据(database online) [DB/MT] --磁带数据库(database on magnetic tape) [M/CD] --光盘图书(monograph on CDROM) [CP/DK] --磁盘软件(computer program on disk) [J/OL] --网上期刊(serial online) [EB/OL] --网上电子公告(electronic bulletin board online) 很显然，标识的就是该资源的英文缩写，/前面表示类型，/后面表示资源的载体，如OL表示在线资源 二、参考文献的格式及举例 1．期刊类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号)起止页码. 【举例】 [1] 周融，任志国，杨尚雷，厉星星.对新形势下毕业设计管理工作的思考与实践[J].电气电子教学学报，2003(6):107-109. [2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业设计(论文)教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育,2004(1):46-52. [3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 67. 2．专著类

电气工程及其自动化专业_外文文献_英文文献_外文翻译_plc方面

1、 外文原文 A: Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer Th e si ng le -c hi p m ic ro co mp ut er i s t he c ul mi na ti on of both t h e de ve lo pm en t o f t he d ig it al co m pu te r an d th e i n te gr at ed c i rc ui t a rg ua bl y t h e to w m os t s ig ni f ic an t i nv en ti on s o f t he 20th c e nt ur y [1]. Th es e t ow ty pe s of ar ch it ec tu re a re fo un d i n s in g le -ch i p m i cr oc om pu te r. So m e em pl oy t he spl i t pr og ra m/da ta m e mo ry o f th e H a rv ar d ar ch it ect u re , sh ow n in Fi g.3-5A -1, o th ers fo ll ow t he p h il os op hy , wi del y a da pt ed f or ge n er al -p ur po se co m pu te rs a nd m i cr op ro ce ss o r s, o f ma ki ng n o log i ca l di st in ct ion be tw ee n p r og ra m an d d at a m e mo ry a s i n t he P r in ce to n ar ch ite c tu re , sh ow n i n F ig.3-5A-2. In g en er al te r ms a s in gl e -chi p m ic ro co mp ut er i s c h ar ac te ri ze d b y t h e i nc or po ra ti on o f a ll t he un it s of a co mp uter i n to a s in gl e d ev i ce , as s ho wn in Fi g3-5A -3. Fig.3-5A-1 A Harvard type Program memory Data memory CPU Input& Output unit memory CPU Input& Output unit

化工英文文献翻译

Heavy Oil Development Technology of Liaohe Oilfield Han Yun (Scientific Research Information Department Exploration&Development Research Institute，Liaohe Oilfield Company) Liaohe Oilfield，the largest heavy oil production base in China，features in various reservoir types，deep burial，and wide range of crude oil viscosity．For many years，a series of technologies have been developed for different oil products and reservoir types of the oilfield，of which water flooding，foam slug drive，steam stimulation，steam drive,and SAGD are the main technologies. After continuous improvement，they have been further developed and played an important role in the development of heavy oil in the oilfield． Liaohe Oilfield is abundant in heavy oil resources，46％of the total proved reserves of Liaohe Oilfield Company. Horizontally the resources concentrates in the West Depression and the southern plunging belt of the Central Uplift in Liaohe Rift. Vertically,it is mainly distributed in Paleocene Shahejie Formation(ES). The distinctive geological feature of Liaohe 0ilfield is manifested in three aspects：first，the heavy oil reservoirs are deeply buried and 80％of them are buried more than 900m deep；second，the heavy oil viscosity ranges widely．For most of the reservoirs．the dead oil viscosity ranges in 100～100000mPa·s with the maximum 650000mPa·s.Third the reservoir types are various with complicated oil—water relationship，most of the reservoirs are edge water and bosom water reservoirs and there are also edge water reservoirs，top water reservoirs and bosom water reservoirs．For more than 20 years of development，Liaohe Oilfield has developed series of heavy oil development technologies for different oil products and different types of reservoirs，such as water flooding, foam slug drive,steam stimulation steam drive and SAGD．The most difficult issues have been overcome in the development of the super

参考文献(Bibliography)格式的具体说明

参考文献(Bibliography)格式和要求的具体说明 一、总体格式和要求 1.本科毕业论文的参考文献页应该单独起页。 2.参考文献的数量不得少于10项，必须要有外文条目。 3.参考文献一般应包括尾注的所有条目，另外还可以列入自己读过的、对论文写作影响较大但未引用的文献。 4.参考文献中如兼有多语种条目，则应分开排列，先外语后中文。外语条目按照文献条目首词字母排序，中 文条目按照文献开头的拼音排序；如文献开头的字母或拼音相同，依序参照其后的字母或拼音排序。 5.参考文献同一个条目内部不可中英文夹杂，一般应与文献使用的语种一致，要么用英文，要么用中文书写。 6.英文文献字体是Times New Roman，使用英文标点符号；汉语文献字体是宋体，采用中文标点符号。 7.参考文献须悬挂缩进，即每一条目的第二行开始缩进5字符。 8.参考文献按1.5倍行距排列，不同条目之间空一行。 9.英文条目各部分的首字母需要大写，文献中的实词和超过5个字母的介词也需要首字母大写。 二、作者部分的写法 1. 英文参考文献中作者部分的写法： 作者姓氏, 首名中名. 如不是为了区别重名的不同作者，中名可省略。 例如：Shatzkin, Leonard. In Cold Type: Overcoming the Book Crisis. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982. 首名、中名可用首字母加实心点缩略表示： Shatzkin, L.. In Cold Type: Overcoming the Book Crisis. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982. 如有多个作者，从第二个作者开始姓、名不颠倒，即：作者1姓氏, 首名中名, and 作者2首名中名姓氏：Shatzkin, L., Stephen Crane, and Michael Jackson. In Cold Type: Overcoming the Book Crisis. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982. 2．中文参考文献中作者部分的写法： 作者姓名，后接空格。 如：廖七一“庞德与胡适诗歌翻译的文化思考”，《外国语》2003（6），第54－59页。 多个作者：桂诗春、宁春岩《XXXXX》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1997。 编著：桂诗春、宁春岩主编《语言学方法论》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1997。 译著：尤金·奈达著，严久生译《语言文化与翻译》，呼和浩特：内蒙古大学出版社，1998。 3. 若著者为公司或机构时，直接将公司或机构作为作者： 英文文献： Sichuan International Studies University. In Cold Type: Overcoming the Book Crisis. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982. 中文文献： 中国对外翻译出版公司《诗词翻译的艺术》，北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1987。 三、英文参考文献的格式 1.专著

本科毕业论文内部控制外文文献翻译完整版中英对照

A Clear Look at Internal Controls: Theory and Concepts Hammed Arad (Philae) Department of accounting, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran Barak Jamshedy-Navid Faculty Member of Islamic Azad University, Kerman-shah, Iran Abstract: internal control is an accounting procedure or system designed to promote efficiency or assure the implementation of a policy or safeguard assets or avoid fraud and error. Internal Control is a major part of managing an organization. It comprises the plans, methods, and procedures used to meet missions, goals, and objectives and, in doing so, support performance-based management. Internal Control which is equal with management control helps managers achieve desired results through effective stewardship of resources. Internal controls should reduce the risks associated with undetected errors or irregularities, but designing and establishing effective internal controls is not a simple task and cannot be accomplished through a short set of quick fixes. In this paper the concepts of internal controls and different aspects of internal controls are discussed. Keywords: Internal Control, management controls, Control Environment, Control Activities, Monitoring 1. Introduction The necessity of control in new variable business environment is not latent for any person and management as a response factor for stockholders and another should implement a great control over his/her organization. Control is the activity of managing or exerting control over something. he emergence and development of systematic thoughts in recent decade required a new attention to business resource and control over this wealth. One of the hot topic a bout controls over business resource is analyzing the cost-benefit of each control. Internal Controls serve as the first line of defense in safeguarding assets and preventing and detecting errors and fraud. We can say Internal control is a whole system of controls financial and otherwise, established by the management for the smooth running of business; it includes internal cheek, internal audit and other forms of controls. COSO describe Internal Control as follow. Internal controls are the methods employed to help ensure the achievement of an objective. In accounting and organizational theory, Internal control is defined as a process effected by an organization's structure, work and authority flows, people and management information systems, designed to help the organization accomplish specific goals or objectives. It is a means by which an organization's resources are directed, monitored, and measured. It plays an important role in preventing and detecting fraud and protecting the organization's resources, both physical (e.g., machinery and property) and intangible (e.g., reputation or intellectual property such as trademarks). At the organizational level, internal control objectives relate to the reliability of financial reporting, timely feedback on the achievement of operational or strategic goals, and compliance with laws and regulations. At the specific transaction level, internal control refers to the actions taken to achieve a specific objective (e.g., how to ensure the organization's payments to third parties are for valid services rendered.) Internal control

毕业论文英文参考文献与译文

Inventory management Inventory Control On the so-called "inventory control", many people will interpret it as a "storage management", which is actually a big distortion. The traditional narrow view, mainly for warehouse inventory control of materials for inventory, data processing, storage, distribution, etc., through the implementation of anti-corrosion, temperature and humidity control means, to make the custody of the physical inventory to maintain optimum purposes. This is just a form of inventory control, or can be defined as the physical inventory control. How, then, from a broad perspective to understand inventory control? Inventory control should be related to the company's financial and operational objectives, in particular operating cash flow by optimizing the entire demand and supply chain management processes (DSCM), a reasonable set of ERP control strategy, and supported by appropriate information processing tools, tools to achieved in ensuring the timely delivery of the premise, as far as possible to reduce inventory levels, reducing inventory and obsolescence, the risk of devaluation. In this sense, the physical inventory control to achieve financial goals is just a means to control the entire inventory or just a necessary part; from the perspective of organizational functions, physical inventory control, warehouse management is mainly the responsibility of The broad inventory control is the demand and supply chain management, and the whole company's responsibility. Why until now many people's understanding of inventory control, limited physical inventory control? The following two reasons can not be ignored: First, our enterprises do not attach importance to inventory control. Especially those who benefit relatively good business, as long as there is money on the few people to consider the problem of inventory turnover. Inventory control is simply interpreted as warehouse management, unless the time to spend money, it may have been to see the inventory problem, and see the results are often very simple procurement to buy more, or did not do warehouse departments . Second, ERP misleading. Invoicing software is simple audacity to call it ERP, companies on their so-called ERP can reduce the number of inventory, inventory control, seems to rely on their small software can get. Even as SAP, BAAN ERP world, the field of

自动化专业英文文献翻译2

西南交通大学 毕业设计（英文翻译） 节能型机房温湿度远程控制系统测控节点设 计 年级: 学号: 姓名: 专业: 指导老师: 二零一一年六月

Mosix Mosix修改bsdi上的BSD/ OS来提供电脑上的跨网络的动态负载平衡组和先发制人进程迁移。这是不错的东西，不只是为并行处理，但对于通常使用一个集群很像一个可扩展的SMP。是否有Linux版本？详细信息，请看www.cs.huji.ac.il/mosix/。NOW (工作站网络) 伯克利工作站网络项目，https://www.wendangku.net/doc/459122673.html,/，已经极推广了并行计算中使用工作站网络，这里还有很多工作在进行中，都致力于“在未来几年展示一个实际的100处理器系统”。唉，他们不使用linux。 并行处理使用linux 并行处理使用Linux WWW站点，https://www.wendangku.net/doc/459122673.html,/LDP/,是这些指南和许多相关文件包括为全日制量身订造的在线幻灯片的家园。除了在报纸项目上，普渡大学电机与计算机工程系已经是并行处理的领先者，这个的设立是为了帮助别人申请并行处理的Linux电脑。 自从普渡大学的第一组Linux个人电脑在1994年2月组装以来，已经诞生了许多的Linux PC集群，有些还包括视频墙。然而这些集群使用386，486和奔腾系统（没有奔腾Pro系统），英特尔最近获得普渡大学的捐赠，将允许它的奔腾II系统构建多个大型集群（与单个群集计划多达165机）。并且这些集群都将有论文网，也具有最传统的网络。 奔腾Pro集群研讨会 1997年，4月10-11日，埃姆斯实验室在得梅因，爱荷华州举行了奔腾Pro集群研讨会。WWW在本次研讨会，https://www.wendangku.net/doc/459122673.html,/workshops/PPCworkshop.html，从云集的参加者中收集了很多丰富的PC集群信息。 TreadMarks帝斯曼(分布式共享存) 帝斯曼（分布式共享存）是一种技术，即一个消息传递系统可以出现的行为作为一个SMP。有不少这样的系统，其部分使用OS页故障触发消息传输机制。TreadMarks，https://www.wendangku.net/doc/459122673.html,/~willy/TreadMarks/overview.html，是这种系统更有效地之一，并在Linux集群上运行。坏消息是“TreadMarks”正在由一个小成本的大学和非盈利机构的分配。欲了解更多有关该软件，请联系https://www.wendangku.net/doc/459122673.html,信息。 U型网 (用户级网络接口架构) U型网（用户级网络接口架构）在康奈尔大学，

石油和天然气勘探中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译文献 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) OIL UNDER ICE DETECTION: WHAT IS THE STATE-OF-THE-ART? Abstract. Since the exploration for oil and gas in the Canadian and US arctic commenced in the early 1970s, a need has been identified to develop technology to detect oil under ice. Both electromagnetic and acoustic sensors have been tried, but a practical field instrument has not been identified. Most proposed systems require that the equipment be operated from the ice surface in order to get adequate coupling and, for some systems, the snow must be removed from the ice. For many ice

situations, surface access is difficult and poses a severe safety issue. Two recent spills in Alberta used “high technology” ice augers to detect the presence of oil under the ice. Some potential new techniques are discussed and the basic principles of their operation described. Keywords: arctic, oil spill response, oil in ice, detection 1. Introduction The detection of oil under continuous ice cover has presented one of the most difficult challenges to the oil-spill technological community for the past two decades and there is still no operationally proven system available. Dickins (2000) under the sponsorship of the US Minerals Management Service conducted an excellent review of the status of oil-under-ice detection and this paper complements this review with a more detailed analysis of some systems. Dickins identified many false start concepts, which will not be discussed in this paper. In order to determine the design of a suitable oil-under-ice detector, the various situations under which oil may be found under a continuous ice sheet need to be considered. The oil must come from a sub-surface release since any surface release would either be on the ice surface or in a lead or other opening in the ice. Potential sources of sub-surface oil are a leak in a pipeline, the leakage from a submerged tank or vessel or a natural seep. Oil when trapped under ice does not spread rapidly or cover a large area due to natural

中英文参考文献格式

中文参考文献格式 参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识： M——专著，C——论文集，N——报纸文章，J——期刊文章，D——学位论文，R——报告，S——标准，P——专利；对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。 参考文献一律置于文末。其格式为： （一）专著 示例 [1] 张志建.严复思想研究[M]. 桂林：广西师范大学出版社，1989. [2] 马克思恩格斯全集：第1卷[M]. 北京：人民出版社，1956. [3] [英]蔼理士.性心理学[M]. 潘光旦译注.北京：商务印书馆，1997. （二）论文集 示例 [1] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979. [2] 别林斯基.论俄国中篇小说和果戈里君的中篇小说[A]. 伍蠡甫.西方文论选：下册[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979. 凡引专著的页码，加圆括号置于文中序号之后。 （三）报纸文章 示例 [1] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报，1998-12-27，（3） （四）期刊文章 示例 [1] 郭英德.元明文学史观散论[J]. 北京师范大学学报（社会科学版），1995（3）. （五）学位论文 示例 [1] 刘伟.汉字不同视觉识别方式的理论和实证研究[D]. 北京：北京师范大学心理系，1998. （六）报告 示例 [1] 白秀水，刘敢，任保平. 西安金融、人才、技术三大要素市场培育与发展研究[R]. 西安：陕西师范大学西北经济发展研究中心，1998. （七）、对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明性的注释，置于本页地脚，前面用圈码标识。 参考文献的类型 根据GB3469-83《文献类型与文献载体代码》规定，以单字母标识： M——专著（含古籍中的史、志论著） C——论文集 N——报纸文章 J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——研究报告 S——标准 P——专利 A——专著、论文集中的析出文献 Z——其他未说明的文献类型 电子文献类型以双字母作为标识： DB——数据库 CP——计算机程序 EB——电子公告

会计内部控制中英文对照外文翻译文献

会计内部控制中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 内部控制系统披露—一种可替代的管理机制 根据代理理论，各种治理机制减少了投资者和管理者之间的代理问题（Jensen and Meckling，1976； Gillan，2006）。传统上，治理机制已经被认定为内部或外部的。内部机制包括董事会及其作用、结构和组成（Fama，1980；Fama and Jensen，1983），管理股权(Jensen and Meckling，1976)和激励措施，起监督作用的大股东(Demsetz and Lehn，1985)，内部控制系统(Bushman and Smith，2001)，规章制度和章程条款(反收购措施)和使用的债务融资（杰森，1993）。外部控制是由公司控制权市场(Grossman and Hart,1980)、劳动力管理市场（Fama,1980）和产品市场（哈特,1983）施加的控制。 各种各样的金融丑闻，动摇了世界各地的投资者，公司治理最佳实践方式特别强调了内部控制系统在公司治理中起到的重要作用。内部控制有助于通过提供保证可靠性的财务报告，和临时议会对可能会损害公司经营目标的事项进行评估和风险管理来保护投

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英语毕业论文引用和参考文献格式

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