上海市2018年初三虹口一模试卷(含答案)

2018初三虹口一模卷

一、文言文(40分)

(一)默写(15分)

1.欲把西湖比西子,。(《饮湖上初晴后雨》)

2.，身世浮沉雨打萍。(《过零丁洋》)

3.草枯鹰眼疾,。(《观猎》)

4.，蒙络摇缀,参差披拂。(《小石潭记》)

5.,在乎山水之间也。(《醉翁亭记》)

(二)阅读下面一首词,完成第6-7题(4分)

诉衷情

【宋代】陆游

当年万里觅封侯,匹马戍梁州。关河梦断何处?尘暗旧貂裘。

胡未灭,鬓先秋,泪空流。此生谁料,心在天山,身老沧洲。

6.下列对文中加黑体词理解不恰当的一项是()。(2分)

A.觅:寻找

B.戍:守边

C.暗:黑暗

D.秋:秋霜

7.词中划线句表达了作者的情感。(2分)

(三)阅读下文,完成第8-10题(9分)

黄生借书说(节选)

①书非借不能读也。子不闻藏书者乎?七略、四库,天子之书,然天子读书者有几？汗牛塞屋,富贵家之书,然富贵人读书者有几?其他祖父积、子孙弃者，无论焉。非独书为然，天下物皆然,非夫人之物而强假焉,必虑人逼取,而惴惴焉摩玩之不已,曰:“今日存,明日去,吾不得而见之矣。”若业为吾所有,必高束焉,庋藏焉,曰“始俟异日观”云耳。

②余幼好书,家贫难致。有张氏藏书甚富。往借,不与,归而形诸梦。其切如是。故有所览辄省记。通籍后,俸去书来,落落大满,素灰丝时蒙卷轴。然后叹借者之用心专,而少时之岁月为可惜也!

③今黄生贫类予,其借书亦类予。惟予之公书与张氏之吝书若不相类。然则予固不幸而遇张乎,生固幸而遇予乎?知幸与不幸,则其读书也必专,而其归书也必速。

8.选文的作者是（）(朝代)（）（人名）（2分）

9.用现代汉语翻译文中画线句。(3分)

往借,不与,归而形诸梦。

10.第③段作者将与对比,进而对黄生提出

的希望。(4分)

(四)阅读下文,完成11-14题(12分)

河间①有游僧②,卖药于市。先以一铜佛置案上,而盘贮药丸,佛作引手取物状。有买者,

先祷于佛,而捧盘近之。病可治者,则丸跃入佛手；其难治者,则丸不跃。举国信之。后有

人于所寓寺内,见其闭户研③铁屑,乃悟其盘中之丸,必半有铁屑,半无铁屑；其佛手必磁石

为之,而装金于外。验之信然,其术乃败。

【注释】:①河间:地名。②游僧:云游四方的和尚。③研:研磨。

11.解释下列句中加点词。(4分)

(1)佛作引．手取物状()(2)其佛手必磁石为．之（）

12.对画线句意思理解最恰当的一项是()。(3分)

先以一铜佛置案上,而盘贮药丸

A.先用一尊铜佛放桌子上,旁边盘子里盛着药丸。

B.先把一尊铜佛放桌子上,旁边盘子里盛着药丸。

C.先用一尊铜佛放桌子上,旁边盘子里藏着药丸。

D.先在桌子上放一尊铜佛,旁边盘子里藏着药丸。

13.“举国信之”的原因是(用自己的话概括)。(3分)

14.这则故事带给我们的启示是

。(2分)

二、现代文阅读(40分)

(一)阅读下文,完成第15-19题(20分)

地球上的水是哪里来的?

①地球上有很多水,从外太空看,就好像是一个大水球。那么地球上的水是从哪里来的呢?

②我们先说一下水的形成:一个氧原子和两个氢原子合成一个水分子,二氧原子和氢原子在宇宙中是普遍存在的。太阳系的行星、卫星、彗星都有水,甚至星际尘埃物质也有水分子。所以地球在形成之初,其本身乃至外国都有水的存在,不过可能是气态的。

③当然,在最初的时候,地球上的水并没有现在多,那么这些水主要来自哪里呢?2006年,美国哥伦比亚大学的天文学家发布报告,宣布在小行星带靠近木星轨道的位置发现了彗星族群,他们推测这些彗星可能是地球上海洋水的来源。

④小行星开始形成的时候,在距离太阳 2.7天文单位的地区,形成了一条温度低于水的凝结点线一一雪线,在这条线之外形成的星子能够积累星际尘埃中的水分子,并凝结成冰。在小行星带生成的彗

星都在这条线之外。这些彗星受到外国木星强大力场的影响,开始在太阳系游荡,一旦来到地球轨道附近就会被地球捕获,这样带来了大量的水。由此这些彗星就成为影响地球水形成的主要因素了。

⑤也有科学家认为地球上的水是太阳风的杰作。首先提出这种观点的科学家托维利,他认为太阳风到达地球大气圈上层,带来大量原子核,这些原子核与地球大气圈中的电子结合成氢原子、碳原子、氧原子等。再通过不同的化学反应变成水分子。这种通过太阳风形成的“宇宙水”以雨、雪的形式形式降落到地球上,成为地球上水的来源之一。据估计,在地球大气的高层,每年几乎产生了1.5吨这种“宇宙水”,在地球45亿年的历史中,形成67.5亿吨。然而与先今地球表面的水贮量1.3860x103亿吨相比依然是九牛一毛。

⑥我们了解了这些水从哪里来的,那么为何这些水到了地球就能以液态的形式存在呢?其关键在于星球表面的温度。在地球上,温度通常在0-100摄氏度之间。有的星球如金星,表面温度达到400多摄氏度,远远超过了水的沸点,所以没有液态;有的星球如火星,表面温度达到零下四五十摄氏度,低于水的冰点,即使有水也冰冻了,所以不会有很多液态水。

（选自《科普时报》,有删改) 5.第四段中加点字“这条线”具体是指

。(2分)

16.第五段运用了、说明方法,其作用是

(5分)

17.根据选文内容,概括水的来源。(6分)

(1)

（2）

（3）

18.文章第二段和第三段能否调换?说明理由。(4分）

答：

19.以下内容符合文意的一项是()(3分)

A.太阳系的行星、卫星、彗星和星际尘埃物质都有水。

B.彗星将尘埃中的水分子凝结成冰,成为地球水的主要来源。

C.在地球大气的高层,每年产生1.5吨太阳风形成的“宇宙水”。

D.在宇宙中地球像一个水球,但并不是唯一有液态水的星球。

(二)阅读下文,完成20-24题(20分)

后院里的秘密

熊荟蓉

①那年我才十来岁,有幸目睹了咱村里的一桩大事。

②我们房头的玉柱大伯要回来了,玉柱大伯是咱刘家湾走出去的大官。这次回来,一是要查处贪占公粮税费的村书记刘金斗。二呢,是要为刘家湾选拔一个新书记。都说朝里无人不做官,玉柱大伯就是朝里的钦差大臣。这要是被他看上了,先当村书记,再进乡政府,以后的官运,怕是门板都挡不住。

③我爹说,可惜你太小,爹又没文化,天上的馅饼就算没长眼睛,也砸不到咱家头上。最有希望的,应该是你有才叔,还有大福伯。有才叔是村小学毕业班的语文老师,能说会写,眉毛眼睛都是活的。大福伯的舅兄在乡里管城建,他这几年做包工头,赚了不少钱。

④那是个初夏的清晨,一抹朝霞早早地站在东边的山头上。与烟树深处的白墙红瓦遥相呼应。我们小组的男人女人们都穿戴整齐,洒扫庭院,眉眼里藏着喜色。

⑤玉柱伯的车停在自家老屋的禾场上。这里本来杂草丛生,但现在被大福伯铺上了水泥。看得出，玉柱伯对大福伯很是感激。尤其是当他看到修缮一新的神龛上被擦得锃亮的爹娘的遗像时。他握着大福伯的手,眼里闪动着泪花。每家每户都用贵宾般的礼节迎接他。堂屋的八仙桌上都摆放着瓜果茶点。厨房里飘出的,都是土罐煨鸡的浓香。

⑥玉柱伯却既不在堂屋里落座,又不在厨房里闲聊,他喜欢到每家的后院里站一站。后院里有啥呀?不过是千篇一律的几棵柳树,一个柴草堆。再就是臭烘烘的茅室了。有的人家堂屋里擦的放光,后院里láng jí一片,搁脚的地方都没有。

⑦我跟着玉柱伯挨家挨户走。奇怪的是这后院是一家比一家干净、整洁。有才叔家的后院,竟然摆了两套课桌椅,上面放了一本《论语》,一本《孟子》。不过,玉伯叔没在椅子上坐,也没翻书。

⑧最后进的是三根叔的很不起眼的平房屋。三根叔的后院,是稀稀拉拉几棵李子树和橘子树,对玉柱伯的到来,三根叔只是礼貌地叫了一声,然后继续仰着头给他的果树剪枝。

⑨都说三根叔有点愣,读完高中没考上大学,却把眼孔读高了,不爱搭理人。不过,我平时最喜欢去他家,尤其是夏天。除了他家书柜里有我喜欢的文学书外,还因为,他家有个全村最干净的茅室,三根叔的茅室是男女分开的,比卧室都干净。他是用砖砌砌的,水泥抹的,窖池被墙搁在外面,蹲位旁边有水龙头,蹲位前的墙壁缕空处,还放着一卷卫生纸。

⑩在我们刘家湾,家家的茅室都是男女不分的。就是用竹条和树枝编扎的一圈篱笆,门口挂一块旧抹布片,里面是一口大陶缸。上面放两块木板。蹲在里面,一听到脚步声,就要大声咳嗽。每到夏天。蚊子嘤嘤嗡嗡的,得不停的挥动芭蕉扇。

（11）玉柱伯这天在三根叔的后院里只站了一小会儿,上了一趟茅室,然后走了。

（12）不久,在公布的新书记的名单上,村民意外发现了三根叔的名字。有的说是三根叔的文化高,有的说是三根叔懂果树栽培技术。我一直都觉得,是三根叔的茅室修的好。

20.根据拼音写汉字(2分)

láng jí（）

21.根据文章内容划分段落并概括段意。(6分)

(1)第一部分:第①段到第（）段：

(2)第二部分:第（）段到第11段：

(3)第三部分:第12段：玉柱伯选中三根叔担任刘家湾新书记。

22.赏析文中第④段画线句的语言。(4分)

23.简析⑨、⑩两段在文中的作用。(5分)

4.下列分析符合文意的一项是()。(3分)

A.玉柱伯没有选有才叔是因为他做事形式大于内容。

B.三根叔当选完全是因为他家的茅室修得比别人好。

C.玉柱伯关注每家后院是因为那里藏着人们的秘密。

D.人们用贵宾般的礼仪迎接玉柱伯是因为都爱戴他。

三、综合运用(10分)

阅读下列材料,完成25-26题(10分)

阿尔法围棋( AlphaGo)是由谷歌旗下 DeepMind公司的戴密斯·哈萨比斯领衔开发。其特征是大数据、大计算、大决策三位一体。其原理是用“策略网络”选择下一步棋的走法,用“价值网络”预测每一步棋后的赢家,从而让它能得到更高效的训练和评估。经过40天的自我训练, Alphal击败了世界排名第一的棋手柯洁。它的智慧正在接近人类。未来, Al phaGo将进入医疗领域,利用人工智能技术攻克现代医学中存在的种种难题,从而推动社会变革,改变人类命运。

25.上述材料从（）、（）、（）、（）等几个方面介绍了阿尔法围棋( AlphaGo)。(4分)

26.我们的时代是创造奇迹的时代,创造奇迹需要富于幻想,而幻想是青少年的天性。那么请你为100年后的书包做设计,用80字左右的文字加以简要介绍。(6分)

四、写作(60分

27.题目:爱在我身边

2018上海中考英语试卷及答案

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上海市各区县初三英语一模试题首字母填空

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[精品]2018年上海市普陀区中考英语一模试卷含答案

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B．By bus． C．By underground． D．By car． 7．（1分）A．At a supermarket． B．At a restaurant． C．Write a library． D．At a cinema． 8．（1分）A．Write reports． B．Play computer games． C．Learn languages． D．Draw pictures． 9．（1分）A．Alice looks sad today． B．Alice's favourite subject is PE． C．John is poor at PE． D．John will take an easy test． 10．（6分）Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false（判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容，符合的用T表示，不符合的用F表示） 15．Kitty started her first job to look after three little boys in a family． 16．After having too many late nights and early morning with the children，she felt very tired． 17．Kitty's friend Megan suggested that she should go to work for a better family 18．Kitty managed to get some training at a college and passed the test finally．19．Kitty likes her job because she thinks it's fun and easy to work with small children． 20．According to Kitty everyone could have his dream if he is not a top student at school． 11．（10分）Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列内容，每空格限填一词） 21．You can hear the voice of a or a popular actress giving instructions on a taxi．

2020年上海市崇明区初三英语一模(含答案)

1 上海市崇明区2019学年第一学期教学质量调研测试卷 九年级英语 （满分150分, 考试时间100分钟） 考生注意：本卷有7大题，共94小题。试卷均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按 照规定在答题纸上完成，做在试卷上不给分。 Part 1 Listening （第一部分 听力） I. Listening Comprehension （听力理解）（共30分） A. Listen and choose the right picture （根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）（6分） (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear （根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案）（8分）

7. A) By underground. B) By bus. C) By bike. D) By taxi. 8. A) 9:30. B) 9:10. C) 9:50. D) 9:20. 9. A) In a post office. B) In the hospital. C) In a restaurant. D) In a library. 10. A) Work on a maths problem. B) Hand in the exercise books. C) Help Rose decorate the classroom. D) Do homework together with Rose. 11. A) Manager and secretary. B) Teacher and student. C) Doctor and patient. D) Customer and waiter. 12. A) Sarah. B) Dick. C) Alice. D) May. 13. A) Because he went to bed too late. B) Because he didn’t sleep well. C) Because he played too many games. D) Because he worried about his exam. 14. A) The possible weather in Australia. B) How to pack a suitcase properly. C) Which clothes to wear in Australia. D) The necessary things during a trip. C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false（判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）（6分） 15. Glenda and Raphael got married two years after they first met. 16. The young couple knew Samantha was deaf (聋的) as soon as she was born. 17. Their neighbours learnt sign language in order to communicate with the girl. 18. No one taught the neighbours sign language, so they had to learn it on their own. 19. Samantha is too shy to greet her neighbours by using sign language. 20. From the story, we know that Samantha is lucky to have a warm neighbourhood. D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列内容，每空格限填一词）（10分） 21. Da Vinci was a _________ _________ and inventor who once lived in Florence, Italy. 22. The museum is _________ _________ reproductions (复制品) of Leonardo’s inventions. 23. When Niccolai was a kid, the signs in museums told people not to _________ _________. 24. The Leonardo da Vinci Museum was opened _________ ________ ago. 2