初三语法精讲1-时态

初三语法精讲(一)--- 初中八种时态分析

一、一般现在时（The Present Indefinite Tense）

(一)构成

①行为动词：主语+ 行为动词(+其它)。如We like studying English。

注意: have的第三人称单数是has

be动词变化如下：主语是第三人称单数用is,其它用 are。

(二)用法一般现在时：经常，反复发生的动作或行为及现状，性质，状态。

1表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的

2表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

经常与sometimes, often, usually, always,等频率副词连用

3表示客观真理。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

注意:在下列情况下,句子也一般用一般现在时

1有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时表示。I like eating bananas.

2在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作,用来代替一般将来时。

He will call you as soon as he arrives in Beijing.

(三)常用的时间状语：often、usually、always、sometimes、every day、once a week、on Sundays、never等，出现这些时间状语时，常用一般现在时。

二、进行时(The Continuous Tense)

现在进行时

（一）构成肯定am/is/are +doing否定am/is/are + not +doing疑问am/is/are + 主语＋doing

(二) 用法

1. 现在进行时是表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为如He is writing a letter.

2.现在进行时有一个特殊的意义, 它可以表示将来发生的动作。但是这些动词必须是表示

位置移动的单词。例如：go, come, start, leave 等。They are going to Shanghai on Friday.

3.当出现now, at this time, these days, look! Listen! 等时间状语时，用现在进行时。

过去进行时

（一）构成肯定was/ were +doing否定was/ were + not +doing疑问was/ were + 主语＋doing

(二).当出现过去具体时间如at 7:00 yesterday , at that time, 等时间状语时用过去进行时。

三、将来时( The Future Indefinite)

一般将来时

一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算，计划或准备做某事。

常用于一般将来时的时间状语有soon, next week, tomorrow，in two days等表示将来的时间.

（一）shall/will + 动词原形（表单纯的将来）

1.I(we)用shall/will。You, he, she, they用will。

2.否定式：shall/will + not,缩写成shan’t/won’t。

3.疑问式：①Shall I---? 表征求对方的意见。如：Shall we go by bus?

②Will you---? 表向对方温和的请求。如：Will you pass me the book?

(二) be going to + 动词原形（am/ is/ are+ doing）

1.可表示主语现在打算在最近或将来要做某事。这种打算往往是事先考虑好的。例如：

My brother is going to learn English next year.

2.还可表示说话人根据说话人已有的迹象认为非常可能即将发生某事。

例如：Look at these black clouds—it is going to rain.

（三）be to + 动词原形: 表示安排、计划好的动作, 表示命令、可能等意义。

（四）be about to + 动词原形: 表示眼下即将发生某事。

重点掌握前两种将来时用法。

过去将来时

（一）would + 动词原形（表单纯的将来）

(二) be going to + 动词原形（was/were+ doing）

常用于过去将来时的时间状语有the next day/ week/ month 等.

四、一般过去式

（一）一般过去式1.构成：通常由动词过去式表示。动词过去式的变化规则如下:

2.用法

一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性，经常性的动作或行为但现在不这样了

基本结构：主+ did + 其它（肯定句）主+ didn't + do + 其它（否定句）

主＋weren’t /wasn’t + 其它did + 主+ do + 其它（疑问句）Were/Was + 主＋其它

会出现的时间状语：

(1) yesterday, the day before yesterday, yesterday morning (evening, afternoon)

(2) last time, last Friday, last term, last month

(3) 2 hours ago, a week ago, 3 years ago

(4) just now = a moment ago

五、现在完成时

现在完成时的构成have done( 过去分词) ，has done ( 第三人称单数)

do （原形）did （过去）done

be was/were been

come came come

go went gone

buy bought bought

现在完成时的用法（一）

.现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果

Our teacher has left.

We have studied English.

He has had his lunch.

常与现在完成时连用的词．短语

1 already( 已经)（肯定）ever (疑问,) [ 句中] ,yet (否定，疑问) [ 句尾] ，never （从

不）, before, just（刚刚）, recently ( 近来),

2 so far (到现在为止)，up to /till,/until now（直到现在），lately（最近）

in the past 5 years

I have already finished the homework.

I haven’t finished the homework yet .

Have you ever finished the homework. Yes, I have. N o, I haven’t.

现在完成时的用法（二）

某个动作从过去已经开始,一直持续到现在,还有可能持续到将来.动作的持续性要通过一段时间来表示.

一段时间的表达方法有两种:

for: +一段时间for a year for two weeks for three years

Since + 过去的某一时刻since nine since last week

一般过去时态的时间状语从句since you came since you got home. He has lived here for three years.

He has lived here since three years ago.

He has lived here since he came to China.

对for, since 提问一般用How long…?

How long has he lived here?

注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.

结束性动词( 瞬间动词)不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词.

come/arrive ---- go out --- leave ---

begin ---- buy --- borrow ---- keep

join --- die --- catch a cold ---

fall asleep--- close--- open---

同义句转换

1. He came here three years ago.

He here for three years.

2. He borrowed this book a week ago.

He this book for a week.

3. He bought this book three weeks ago.

He this book for three years.

4. The film began half an hour.

The film for half an hour.

5. He died five years ago.

have/has been in, have/have been to, have/have gone to的区别:

① have/has been in 一直在某地

例如：He has been in China for over ten years.

② have/has been to+名词have/has been+副词到过某地，现在回来了。

例如：He has been to Japan twice. I have been there.

③have/has gone to+名词have/has gone+副词到某地去了，现在不在这里

例如：Where is Jim? --He has gone to the library.

Where has Lucy gone?

练习：2. 用have /has been to have/has gone to have /has been have/has gone, has/have been in 填空

1. He China for three years.

2. He China. So he knows a lot about China.

3. Where is Mr Green? He China.

4. He here since 10 years ago.

5. How long you here?

6. Where you ? I the library.

7. My father Japan for many times.

8. Where are Tom and Lucy? They England.

六过去完成时had done

意为过去的过去，需要过去时的参照(如过去时的从句或介词短语

by the end of last month等，或可表示先后顺序的before, after, when 等词

Eg. By the end of last year, he had learned 1000 English words

He had finished his homework before he went to play basketball.

所给词的适当形式填空：

1. He______swimming in the river every day in summer. (go)

2. It________you are right. ( seem )

3. Look, the children______ basketball on the playground. ( play )

4. He______to the radio when I came in, ( listen )

5. I can’t find my pen . Who______it ? ( take )

6. He said that he______back in five minutes . ( come )

7. I didn’t meet him. He______ when I got there. ( leave )

8. He______down and began to read his newspaper. ( sit )

9.He is very hungry. He_________ anything for three days. ( not eat )

10.I______with you if I have time . ( go )

11.We will go to the cinema if it______fine . (be )

12.I will tell her the news when she______to see me next week. (come)

13. “ When______you______the car ?”“In 1998. ”( buy )

14.We______good friends since we met at school . （be）

15.What______you______ at five yesterday afternoon ? (do)

16．Where is Tom? He _________(go) to the post office. He said he _______(come) back soon. 17．She _________(not go) to bed until she _______(finish) her work.

18．I _________(lose) my bike ._________you _________(see) it anywhere?

19．I found that the students _________(play) football on the playground.

20．“__________the bridge _______(repair) yet?”“

Yes, the workers_______ already______(repair) it.”

选择题

1. It______five years since he has left for Beijing.

A. was

B. has been

C.is

D.is going to be

2. Please don’t leave the office until your friend______back.

A.came

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4f13500231.html,es

C.have come

D.will come

3.He told me that he______to see us the next day.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4f13500231.html,es

B. came

C. will come

D. would come

4. .The teacher told us that the sun______bigger than the earth.

A. is

B. was

C. has been

D.will be

5 .Could you tell me where the railway station______?

A. was

B. is

C. will be

D. would be

6. We______to the Great Wall several times.

A. go

B. were going

C. have gone

D.have been

7. He was sure that he______his wallet in the office .

A. left

B. would leave

C. had left

D. has left

8. —I’m afraid you can’t sit here .—Sorry , I______know.

A. don’t

B. won’t

C. can’t

D. didn’t

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(完整版)初中英语动词时态专项练习(带答案)

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初中英语时态专项讲解 与练习题 Revised as of 23 November 2020

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初中英语时态讲解(完整版)

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初中英语语法——动词的时态

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④seldom ⑤sometimes ⑥every＋时间 ⑦次数＋时间 ⑧on＋时间 ⑨in＋时间 ⑩没有时间，但表示客观存在的事实 （2）一般现在时动词的形式主要用动词原形表示，但如果主语是单数第三人称时，则在动词后加s或es，变成否定句和疑问句时，又将s、es去掉，还为原形。 ①be动词的一般现在时的构成 否定式和疑问否定式如下表所示： ②其他实义动词的一般现在时的构成

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九年级英语 动词的时态专项讲解及练习

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