现代大学英语精读 课后答案

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ⅡVocabulary

1.Translate.(P14)

1)From English into Chinese．

(1)学校教职员工(10)青春期

(2)政治上的成熟(11)种族偏见

(3)成长过程中的变化(12)每天工作日程

(4)认同危机(13)伦理道德观念

(5)恋爱关系(14)处理日常生活的能力

(6)遗传工程(15)历史背景

(7)学术生活(16)异性

(8)偶然事件(17)感情上的支持

(9)民族认同(18)生活方式

2)From Chinese into English.

(1)to pursue an education(10)to drag one's feet

(2)to acquire knowledge(11)to evaluate the result

(3)to handle the case(12)to process knowledge

(4)to define the word(13)to perform one's duty

(5)to select one's major(14)to narrow the gap

(6)to resent the treatment(15)to expand business

(7)to establish their identity(16)to expect better results

(8)to frustrate the students(17)to assemble cars

(9)to declare war(18)to present facts

2.Give synonyms and antonyms of the following.(P15)

1)Give synonyms.

(1)objective,purpose,end(7)choice

(2)to happen(8)to choose/to pick or pick out

(3)to increase/to enlarge/to grow/to develop(9)main/chief/principal/leading

(4)to try/to attempt/to make an effort(10)belief

(5)clear(11)strong feeling

(6)magazine(12)to get/to gain/to obtain

2)Give antonyms.

(1)masculine(9)to exclude

(2)immature(10)disapproval

(3)independence(11)mistrust/distrust

(4)inferior(12)inequality

(5)incompetent(13)to discourage

(6)minor(14)to grow/to increase/to expand/to develop

(7)to narrow(15)indistinct/unclear/vague

(8)innocence(16)impractical/unpractical/theoretical

3.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words in their proper forms listed below. (P15)

1)handle5)observant,occurrence9)occurred, apply

2)occurrence6)observation,observed,occur10)observers, handled

3)handle7)involve11) involvement

4)involved8)application12)observation

4.Translate.(P16)

1)She intends to apply for that academic position.

2)He is so devoted to his research that the idea that he will soon have to retire never occurs to him.

3)Many people have observed that,without effective checks,we have a tendency to abuse our power.

4)Students must observe carefully how good writers use words.

5)Some countries refuse to get involved in this dispute and they resent any foreign interference.

6)How do you think we should handle the drug problem?

7)According to the agreement,all business policies should apply to everybody without any prejudice.

8)The control of the sand storms will involve a tremendous amount of work and money.

9)You have to take into consideration the local conditions when you apply these technologies.

10)All applicants will have to fill out this form and mail in an application fee of 50dollars.

11)Based on his careful observation of children's behavior he came to the conclusion that learning is a natural pleasure.

12)In a country of many nationalities,ethnic harmony requires very careful handling.

13)The government is determined to punish all the corrupt officials involved.

14)Cheating at exams does not occur very often.But when it does,the school takes a very tough position.

5.Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word.(P16)

1)C.3)B.5)B.7)D.9)B.11)A.13)D.15)B.17) A.

2)A.4)A./D.6)D.8)A.10)C.12)C.14)A.16)D.18)D.

6.Choose the right word in their proper forms.(P18)

1)(1)object(2)objectives(3)objective(4)objective(5)objects

2)(1)requires(2)requires(3)acquire(4)acquire(5) inquire

3)(1)entrusted(2)entrusted(3)trust(4)believe(5)trust

4)(1)repaid(2)pay,repay(3)place(4)repay(5) placed,replaced

5)(1)anxious(2)anxiously(3)eager(4)eager/anxious(5) eager/anxious

7.Choose the best word or phrase for each blank from the four supplied in brackets. (P19)

(1)suggested(4)but(7)eventually(10)what(13) derive

(2)primarily(5)remained(8)regrets(11)where(14) lacking

(3)told(6)consisted(9)pursuing(12)Although(15) dropping

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ⅢGrammar

1.Observe these sentences and identify the object of the italicized verb or preposition, and find out how it is expressed.(P20)

1)them:pronoun

2)who they are and what their strengths and weaknesses are:two wh-clauses

3)to enter the work world:an infinitive phrase

4)that there are four distinct aspects to psychological separation from one's parents:a that-clause

5)where they are in the independence/dependence struggle:a wh-clause

6)how to give and receive affection in the adult world:a wh-clause

7)very little:pronoun

8)how they react to new knowledge and new ways of learning,how they process the knowledge presented to them,and how they organize this knowledge:three wh-clauses

9)shuddering:a gerund

10)drifting down:a gerund phrase

11)herself:a reflective pronoun

12)how to let loose a plague capable of destroying whole nations:wh-word+to-infinitive

13)what to say:wh-word+to-infinitive

14)whether it had been storming for three or four days:a noun clause introduced by“whether”

15)(need)charity:a noun;(help)themselves:a reflexive pronoun;(told) Millard:a proper noun

2.Practice using correct object forms.(P21)

1)Complete the sentences with one appropriate word.

(1)what(3)what(5)it(7)why(9)everything

(2)yourself(4)whether(6)others(8)which/how(10)much

2)Choose the right form,the infinitive or the gerund of the verb in brackets,for

the blanks.

(1)feeling(4)being;being/to be(7)to stay(10)being recognized

(2)to change(5)to go(8)not to see

(3)becoming(6)thinking(9)having fallen behind

3)Translate these sentences into English.

(1)In the negotiations,the two sides found they had little in common.

(2)More and more old people are learning how to surf/use the Internet.

(3)Don't forget to write down your name on the exam paper.

(4)We must bear in mind that there is no shortcut in learning.

(5)He never regretted having shifted from business to politics.

(6)I’d like to have a chat with you about your term paper sometime this week.

(7)Like sports,learning a foreign language requires a lot of practice.

(8)They all remember where they were when they heard the shocking news.

(9)People learn little from victory,but much more from defeat.

(10)Whenever you face a decision you have three choices:do what you please; do what others do;or do what is right.

3.Summarize how the word“way”is modified/qualified in these sentences.(P22)

the way+clause=the way in which+clause:1),6)

a way/the way(s)+to-infinitive phrase(referring to an activity in a specific way):

2),3),8)

a way/the way/ways+of+gerund noun(referring to an activity in a general way):4),5),7)

But in many cases,the difference between“a/the way to do sth.”and“a/the way

of doing sth.”is blurred.The choice is rather a matter of idiomatic usage.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4b6977048.html,plete these sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets,using the word “way”.(P22)

1)a poet's way of telling us

2)the only way to learn a foreign language well

3)no easy way to say good-bye

4)the way they all stared at me

5)some aspects of the way we speak

6)(many)ways to get data into a computer

7)The way I judge it

8)a way of delivering the secret message

9)a way to stop the leak

10)the way the children responded to their questions

5.Put in appropriate determiners where necessary using a“/”when none is needed. (P23)

a,his,a,his,the,an,The,the/a,a,the,the,The,the,/,The,his,the,the

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4b6977048.html,plete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.(P23)

1)D.3)A.5)B.7)A.9)D.11)C.13)A.

15)A.

2)C.4)D.6)D.8)B.10)B.12)B.14)C. (In colloquial English,A is possible for No.12.)

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ⅣWritten Work

Answer the question in about150words.(P24)

In what ways,according to the writer of the article,is college a time of growth and expansion?

College life is an important period in one's life.Although the college students seldom think about that the key changes will probably happen to them during their college years.

During this time,students are going through an identity crisis which includes independence/dependence struggle from their parents.And also,the most important thing is establishing their sexual identity.At the same time,these youngsters are learning how to give and receive affection in the adult world.What's more,they establish their personal and social identity.They are affirming their personal values such as religious faith,moral and ethical values and developing new ways to organize and using the academic knowledge as well as their world knowledge.

In a word,college students can be growing in their understanding of themselves, others and the world in which they lives.

Poem of the Week

About the Poet

依里诺尔·法吉恩（1881－1965）生于伦敦，由私人家庭教师授课。她是一位英国小说家的女儿，并且是美国著名演员约瑟夫·杰斐逊的孙女。她的一生都沉醉于童话故事和儿歌之中，她的诗充满了孩子般的语言和节奏。她的诗为儿童与青少年所喜爱。

六、课文参考译文

你的大学生活

鲍勃·哈特1你可曾考虑过作为大学生的你生活中正在发生及将要发生的变化吗？你可曾想

到过你的教授和其他老师在你的大学期间对于你的成长和成熟制定过确定的目标吗？你可曾认识到当你从青少年渐渐成熟时某些发展变化也将随之出现吗？尽管大学生很少思考以上的问题，但是在大学期间，一些关键性的变化将很有可能发生在他们身上。

2大学期间，学生正经受自我认同危机，他们竭力找出自己到底是谁，以及自身有什么优点和不足。当然，他们确实有许多的优点也有许多的不足。但重要的是除了要了解人们如何看待自己，还要知道其他人如何看待他们。皮尔斯和兰多曾在一篇文章中探讨了爱立信在《国际社会科学百科全书》中的有关理论，根据他们的观点，自我认同取决于先天基因（遗传于父母），成形于环境，并且因随机事件而改变。人们受环境影响，反过来，又影响环境。人们如何看待自己在以上两个方面所扮演的角色，毫无疑问这是他们自我心理认同的一部分。

3在学生们经历自我认同危机的同时，也开始独立于自己的父母，尽管他们仍然非常依赖父母。这种独立与依赖的斗争成为青春期后期的主要部分。实际上，这种斗争可能因为他们选择追求高等教育而升级。高中一毕业，很多毕业生选择进入职场。这种选择的结果促使他们在经济上独立于自己的父母。但是，大学生选择了再花几年时间继续学习并发展自我，这使得他们在某种程度上可能还要依赖于自己的父母。

4在1984年4月发表于《咨询心理学期刊》上的《青春期末期与父母的心理脱离》一文中，杰弗里·A·霍夫曼提到青少年与父母的心理分离有四个不同方面。第一，功能上的独立，包括料理实践事务和个人事务的能力，比如理财、选择自己的衣服以及决定自己的日程表等。第二，观点上的独立，也就是说学生学会正确看待和接受自己与父母在态度、价值和信仰上的差异。第三个心理分离的过程是情感上的独立。霍夫曼将这一过程定义为“从父母的赞许、亲近、陪伴以及情感的支持中解脱”。例如，大学生觉得可以自由地选择自己所追求的专业，而不用经过父母同意。第四个就是摆脱“父母的过度的内疚、焦虑、不信任、责任、压抑、反感以及愤怒”。大学生需要退一步来审视他们是处于独立、依赖中的哪一个位置。

5或许对于大学生来说最迫切的事情之一就是去确立自己的性认同，这包括与异性的交流以及计划他们未来作为男人或者女人的角色。每个人都必须把她或者他的性别定位于女性或者男性角色。这是一个令人兴奋的时刻也是一个让人沮丧的时刻。可能除了与自己心爱的人交往外，没有其他任何一种方式可以让学生们感觉到情感上的大起大落。例如，在我与一个年轻的大学生共事期间，有一次他欢呼雀跃地走进我的办公室，面带笑容，而且声音激动。他宣布：“我刚刚度过了我一生中最美好的时光！”他继续向我解释说如何遇到了一个超凡脱俗的年轻女子，她们的关系如何像他们想的那样浪漫。然而，还没过一周，那个年轻人又来到我的办公室，步伐沉重，一脸沮丧地说道“我刚熬过了我人生中最糟糕的日子！”原来，他刚跟那女孩发生了争吵，并且以后关系也不会像从前那般好了。因此，大学生与异性的交往方式对其情感有着决定性的影响。

与此同时，这些年轻的大人们正在大人的世界里学着如何去接受和付出爱。这方面的成长不仅要处理与异性之间的关系，而且牵涉到两性及各年龄段朋友之间的相互作用。随着他们长大成人，他们与别人交往的方式也在改变。这时候作为成年人，他们应该思考如何与同龄人相处以及表达适当的尊重，如何在自己的生活中与孩子、青年人交往以及如何与父母交流和表达自己的情感。例如，当我在西南浸礼教会神学院读研究生的时候，当我完成一门咨询课程之后，我拜访了我的父母。在学习该课程的过程中，我意识到当我的世界不断扩宽，新的选择不断向我张开双臂时，我那已60多岁的父亲的世界却在不断地缩小，选择的余地也越来越窄。这次回家拜访的过程中，父亲和我进行了几次谈话，我们谈论了我的课程以及如何将其运用到生活中。我发现我正用着不同的方式去看待自己的父亲，而且就像对待要鼓励的朋友那样与之交往。我有意识地鼓励着这个从前鼓励过我的男人。我正用着一种不同的方式以他相处。

7对于大学生来说，另外一个转变就是使他们的宗教信仰、价值观和道德观内化。从出生那天起，就有一位或更多的父母一直充当着孩子的楷模，并且传授他们一定的信仰、价值观和道德观。然而，当他们到了青春期，以上这些观点都受到质疑，甚至在某些时候遭到抗拒。现在，作为年轻的大人，他们有机会去决定自己生活中所能接受的信仰、价值观和道德观。60年代末期，一位对其他种族有着偏见的女子进入大学，并且深信自己的种族高人一等。但是，她却很痛苦，因为她被安排进了一个有着不同人种学生居住的宿舍里。在接下来的四年中，这位一度自认聪明过人的学生发现在学习和社交活动中，其他种族的人和她表现得一样好，甚至有人比她显得更游刃有余。当她完成自己最后一年学业时，她开始意识到其他种族的学生不仅与自己是平等的，而且其中有些可以成为自己的朋友甚至可以向他们学习。这些在大学期间确立的信仰、道德和种族价值，往往延续一生。

8除了确立个人价值，大学生还获得组织并运用新知识的方法。大学生涯的挑战不仅为他们引入了新的知识，而且还促使他们评价其在生活中搜集、整理和运用知识的效果。对于某些人来说，这将是一个痛苦的经历，但对于所有人来说，这将是一段成长的经历。一个曾与我共事的学生后来成为了英语老师。她告诉我

她在大学期间是如何改变她对文学的态度的。“高中时我的英语成绩优异，”她说，“但是那些英语材料对我的意义不大。”接着她继续解释在大学里她如何意识到文学对于理解一种文化是最重要的方式之一。她学习的方法随之改变了。所有的学生都应该知道如何运用新的知识和新的学习方法，如何加工整理呈现在他们面前的知识，如何组织处理这些知识。加图1-3

9最后要说，这些年轻的大人们正在成为世界公民，他们既在不断地了解自己文化中的其他群体，又不断地了解其他文化的人们。当他们遇见这些人并和他们交往时，他们发现自己接触到了新的生活方式和诠释生活的新的方法。因为他们这样做，他们不断成长并且变得更为成熟。一位正在家乡社区大学就读的学生解释到，他作为一名学生是如何了解另外一位来自第三世界国家的同学的——这个国家他从未听说过。这位国际学生希望归国后能够在政府中委任要职，他的兄弟在本国的一所名牌大学教授法律。这位美国学生和那位留学生成为好朋友，很多时候一起分享他们的观念和梦想。美国学生说“因为我们的友谊，我已以一种以前从未认识到的方式了解第三世界国家的人民。我现在能够在读报或者看电视新闻时，不再用不同的眼光去看待那些其他国家的人们。他们也是真实的人，他们也有梦想、希望并且奋斗着，就像我一样。”因为在大学求学时面临很多的机会，这位年轻人像许多其他学生一样经历了一个全新的了解这个世界和他自己的阶段。

10大学被设计成为个人成长和扩展的时机。有时，他可能是危险的。但肯定的是，它是一种经历，有助于年轻人的成长和成熟。他们不仅结识新人和新知，而且不断获得收集和加工信息的新方法。可以骄傲地说，他们在理解自我，理解他人以及理解他们生存着的世界中不断成长。

现代大学英语精读1课本内容及翻译

Lesson Eight The Kindness of Strangers Mike Mclntyre 1. One summer I was driving from my home town of Tahoe City, Calif, to New Orleans. In the middle of the desert, I came upon a young man standing by the roadside. He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand. I drove right by him. There was a time in the country when you' d be considered a jerk if you passed by somebody in need. Now you are a fool for helping. With gangs, drug addicts, murderers, rapists, thieves lurking everywhere, "I don't want to get involved" has become a national motto. 2. Several states later I was still thinking about the hitchhiker. Leaving him stranded in the desert did not bother me so much. What bothered me was how easily I had reached the decision. I never even lifted my foot off the accelerator. 3. Does anyone stop any more? I wondered. I recalled Blanche DuBois's famous line: "I have always depended on the kindness of strangers." Could anyone rely on the kindness of strangers these days? One way to test this would be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money, relying solely on the good will of his fellow Americans. What kind of Americans would he find? Who would feed him, shelter him, carry him down the road? 4. The idea intrigued me. 5. The week I turned 37, I realized that I had never taken a gamble in my life. So I decided to travel from the Pacific to the Atlantic without a penny. It would be a cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar. I would only accept offers of rides, food and a place to rest my head. My final destination would be Cape Fear in North Carolina, a symbol of all the fears I'd have to conquer during the trip. 6. I rose early on September 6, 1994, and headed for the Golden Gate Bridge with a 50-pound pack on my back and a sign displaying my destination to passing vehicles: "America." 7. For six weeks I hitched 82 rides and covered 4223 miles across 14 states. As I traveled, folks were always warning me about someplace else. In Montana they told me to watch out for the cowboys in Wyoming, In Nebraska they said people would not be as nice in Iowa. Yet I was treated with kindness everywhere I went. I was amazed by people's readiness to help a stranger, even when it seemed to run contrary to their own best interests. 8. One day in Nebraska a car pulled to the road shoulder. When I reached the window, I saw two little old ladies dressed in their Sunday finest." I know you're not supposed to pick up hitchhikers, but it's so far between towns out here, you feel bad passing a person," said the driver, who introduced herself as Vi. I didn't know whether to kiss them or scold them for stopping. This woman was telling me she'd rather risk her life than feel bad about passing a stranger on the side of the road. 9. Once when I was hitchhiking unsuccessfully in the rain, a trucker pulled over, locking his brakes so hard he skidded on the grass shoulder. The driver told me he was once robbed at knifepoint by a hitchhiker. "But I hate to see a man stand out in the rain," he added. "People don't have no heart anymore." 10. I found, however, that people were generally compassionate. Hearing I had no money and would take none, people bought me food or shared whatever they happened to have with them. Those who had the least to give often gave the most. In Oregon a house painter named Mike noted the chilly weather and asked if I had a coat. When he learned that I had "a light one," he drove me to his house, and handed me a big green army-style jacket. A lumber-mill worker named Tim invited me to a simple dinner with his family in their shabby house. Then he offered me his tent. I refused, knowing it was probably one of the family's most valuable possessions. But Tim was determined that I have it, and finally I agreed to take it. 11. I was grateful to all the people I met for their rides, their food, their shelter, and their gifts. But what I found most touching was the fact that they all did it as a matter of course.

现代大学英语精读3_第二版_unit1、2课文翻译

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U n i t 1 Baptist counsel encyclopedia agenda attitudinal contribute crisis endeavor ethical ethnic masculine resentment evaluate feminine adulthood option perceive project excessive functional genetic inherit interaction peer process stressful endowment ethnic adolescence affirm approval unquestionably heighten inhibition internalize newscast

rebel seminary theological wardrobe unit4 bearded Cynicism elegant guffaw lunatic monarch page pebble scant scratch block elaborately fountain half-naked nudge olive paradox privacy scoop squatter stroll titter sweat unit5 abundance adapt angler biocide birch bound built-in

chorus colossal confined considerable throb trout vegetation migrant suppress synthetic contamination counterpart deliberate ecologist evolve fern flame flicker gear harmony immune reserve score sicken span spiral subject mold outbreak potent primitive puzzle rapidity resurgence midst modify organism

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