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时事汉词英译手册

时事汉词英译手册
时事汉词英译手册

时事汉词英译手册

第一章时事政治

A

1爱国民主人士

patriotic democratic personages

2爱国统一战线

the patriotic united front

3爱心工程(慈善行动)

Loving Care Project

4安居工程

Housing Project for Low-income Families

Comfortable Housing Project

Economy Housing Project

Housing Project for Low-income Urban Residents

5安全感和生活保障

a sense of security and guarantee of life

6安全专项整治

to carry out more special programs to address safety problems 7安慰奖

consolation prize

8按劳分配

distribution according to one’s performance

9按时足额发放基本养老保险金

to pay the pensions of retirees on time and in full

10暗箱操作black case work

11按照客观规律和科学规律办事

to act in compliance with objective and scientific laws

12按照冷静观察、沉着应付的方针和互相尊重、求同存异的精神处理国际关系事务

in handling international affairs,we should observe and cope with

the situation cool-headedly

13按照革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化培养干部的原则

the principle of bringing up more revolutionary,younger,,better

educated and more professionally competent cadres

14按资排辈

to assign priority according to seniority

15奥林匹克精神

The Olympic ideals/the Olympic spirit

B

1把促进改革发展同保持社会稳定结合起来

to promote reform and development with maintaining social stability

2 把党的思想理论建设摆在更加突出的地位

to highlight the Party’s ideological and theoretical building

3 把发展社会生产力同提高全民族文明素质结合起来

To develop the productive forces with improving the cultural and ethical quality of the whole nation

4 把改革创新精神贯彻到治国理政各个环节

To incorporate the spirit of reform and innovation into all links of governance

5 把可持续发展放在十分突出的地位

To give top priority to sustainable development

6 把处理事与处理人结合起来

To integrate the handling of cases with the handling of violators

7 把关

To guard a pass

8 把坚持党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国有机统一起来

To combine the need to uphold the Party’s leadership and to ensure that the people are the masters of the country with the need to rule the

country by law

9 把坚持独立自主同参与经济全球化结合起来

To pursue independent development with taking part in economic globalization

10 把坚持社会主义基本制度同发展经济结合起来

To adhere to the basic system of socialism with developing the market economy

11 把思想建设、组织建设和作风建设有机结合起来

To proceed with Party building ideologically,organizationally and in

work style

12 把提高效率同促进社会公平结合起来

To raise efficiency with promoting social equity

13 把推进中国特色社会主义伟大事业同推进党的建设新的伟大工程结合起来To advance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics

with making progress in the great new undertaking to build the Party

14 把握大局

To grasp the overall situation

15 把握当代中国社会前进的脉搏

To acquire an accurate understanding of social progress in contemporary China

16 把有限的资金用“刀刃”上

To use limited funds where they can be put to best use

17 把优秀人才集聚到党和国家的各项事业中来

To call the talented people to the service of the Party and the state

18 把尊重人民首创精神同加强和改善党的领导结合起来

To respect the people’s pioneering initiative with strengthening the

Party’s leadership

19 把中国建成富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家

To turn China into a strong,prosperous.democratic and culturally advanced socialist country

20 八国联军

Eight Power Allied Force

21 八荣八耻

Eight-honor and Eight-shame

22 863计划

863 program

23 霸权主义和强权政治

hegemonism and power politics

24 败坏社会风气

To degrade social conduct

25 拜金主义

money worship

26 白手起家

To start from scratch

27 白条

IOU note,IOU

28 摆脱贫困

To shake off poverty/to lift oneself from poverty 29 半边天

half the sky

30 半脱产

To partial sabbatical from work

31 颁奖大会

award presentation ceremony

32 搬迁户

a relocated unit or household

33 保持安定团结的局面

To maintain stability and unity

34 保持昂扬向上、奋发有为的精神状态

To maintain high morale,embody a vigorous spirit

35 保持长期的安定团结

To enjoy long-term social stability

36 保持长期和谐稳定的社会环境

To have a harmonious and stable social climate for a long time to come

37 保持党同人民群众的血肉联系,保持党的先进性、纯洁性和团结统一

The Party must keep its flesh-and-blood ties with the people as well as its progressiveness,purity,solidarity and unity

38 保持和发展党的先进性,确保党始终走在时代前列

To preserve and enhance the Party’s vanguard nature,and ensure that it is always in the forefront of the times

39 保持共产党员先进性

To keep CPC members’progressive,innovative and forward-thinking

40 保持共产党员先进性教育活动

Education to maintain the progressiveness of the Party members

41 保持清醒头脑,立足社会主义初级阶段这个最大的实际

To remain sober-minded,base our efforts on the most significant reality that China is in the primary stage of socialism

42 保持妇女和未成年人权益

To protect the rights and interests of women and minors

43 保持合法收入,调节过高收入,取缔非法收入

To protect lawful incomes,regulate excessively high incomes and ban illegal gains

44 保护伞

protective umbrella

45 保障妇女就业权利

guarantee women’s right to employment

46 保障公民的基本文化权益

guarantee the people’s basic cultural rights and interests

47 保障和改善民生

to ensure and improve the well-being of the people

48 保障农民工合法权益的具体措施

policies and measures for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of rural migrant workers in urban areas

49 保障人民各项权益

to safeguard and expand the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people

50 保障人民权益和社会公平正义

to safeguard

51 保障人民群众的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权

to ensure the people’s right to stay informed about,to participate in,to express views on,and to oversee government affairs

52 保障人民的民主选举、民主决策、民主管理和民主监督的权利

to ensure people’s rights to democratic election,democratic decision-making,democratic management and democratic oversight

53 保障人民群众生命财产安全

to ensure the safty of the lives and property of the people

54 保障我国公民和法人在海外的合法权益

to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the Chinese nationals and corporations overseas

55 保障性住房建设

to develop low-income housing

56 保障职工的合法权益

to protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers

57 保证把人民赋予的权利真正用来为人民谋利益

to ensure that the power entrusted to us by the people is truly exercised for their benefits

58 保证党的路线、方针、政策全面反映人民的根本利益和时代发展的要求

to ensure that the Party’s line,priciples and policies fully reflect the

fundamental interests of the people

59 保证改革开放和现代化建设的航船始终沿着正确的方向破浪前行

to ensure that our reform,opening up and modernization drive have been forging ahead in the correct direction like a ship braving surging waves

60 保证国家的长治久安

to guarantee China’s long-term stability

61 保证立法和决策更好地体现人民的意志

to ensure legislation and policy decisions better embody the people’s will 62 保证人民群众依法直接行使民主权利

to ensure that the people directly exercise their democratic rights according to law

63 保证社会公共需要

to guarantee social needs

64 报国计划

Dedicator’s Project

65 包干制

overall rationing / scheme of payment partly in kind and partly in cash

66 本本主义

bookishness

67 奔小康

to strive for a relatively comfortable life

68 闭关政策

closed-door policy

69 避免教条主义

to avoid dogmatism

70 边远贫困地区

outlying poverty-striken areas

71 标本兼治、综合治理的方针

the principle of addressing both symptoms and root causes of corruption and taking comprehensive measures

72 波澜壮阔的创新实践

spectacular practice of innovation

73 不被任何干扰所惑

never be confused by any interference

74 不动摇、不懈怠、不折腾

don’t sway back and forth,don’t relax our efforts and avoid self-inflicted setbacks

75 不断丰富和发展马克思主义

constantly enrich and develop Marxist

76 不断开拓马克思主义理论发展的新境界

to blaze new trails for the development of the Marxist theory

77 不断解放和发展生产力

to keep releasing and developing the productive forces

78 不断开拓创新

to keep blazing new trails in a pioneering spirit

79 不断深入学习邓小平理论

steadily intensify the study of Deng Xiaoping Theory

80 不断提高全民族的思想道德素质和科学文化素质

unceasingly upgrade the ideological and ethical standards as well as the scientific and cultural qualities of the entire people

81 不断提高应对复杂局面的能力

to improve the ability of coping with complicated situations

82 不断推进理论创新,不断增强中华民族的凝聚力

constantly bring forth theoretical innovation,increase the cohesion of the Chinese nation

83 不搞“一刀切”

no imposing uniformity on…

84 不合时宜的社会治理模式

outdated governance

85 不记名投票

secret ballot

86 不进则退

We must move forward,or we will fall behind

no progress simply means regression

87 不惧风险

fear no risks

88 不辱使命、不负重托

to live up to the mission assigned to us and the full trust placed on us

89 不信任投票

vote of non-confidence

90 不允许利用扩大公共投资为单位和个人谋取私利

never allow any organization or individual to exploit the surge in public spending for private gain

91 不再经商

no longer engage in trade

92 不正当竞争

unfair competition

93 不正之风

unhealthy tendency /bad(harmful)practice

94 步调一致地开展工作

to make concerted efforts in the work

95 补发拖欠的养老金

to clear up pension payments in arrears

96 补缺选举

by-election

97 补贴与反补贴措施

subsidies and countervailing measures

c

98 查封

to close down /to seal up

99 差别价政策

policy of differential pricing

100差额投票

differential voting

101差额选举

competitive election

102察民情、听民意、聚民智

to conduct thorough research and studies,heed people’s concerns,solicit their opinions,pool their wisdom

103菜篮子工程

Vegetable Basket Project/Shopping Basket Program

104采取高姿态

to show magnanimity

105参政党

parties participating in the management of state affairs/parties participating in the government decision-making process

106参政、议政

to participate in the management of state affairs

107裁减冗员

to cut down on overstaffing/to lay off redundant staff

108拆迁补偿

compensation for demolition

109产业化扶贫和移民扶贫

to reduce poverty through industrial development and relocation of residents

110唱名表决

roll-call vote

111畅通工程

Smooth Traffic Project

112倡导爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义思想,反对和抵制拜金主义、享乐主义、极端个人主义等腐朽思想

to advocate patriotism,collectivism and socialism,combat and resist money worship,hedonism,ultra-sgoism decadent ideas

113倡导和平发展

advocacy of peaceful development

114倡导新型安全观、新型区域合作模式和新型国家关系

to have initiated a new security concept,a new pattern for regional cooperation,and state-to-state relations of a new type

115倡议书

initial written proposal

116长期、复杂而艰巨的斗争

a protracted,complicated and arduous battle

117长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共

long-term coexistence,mutual supervision,treating each other with all sincerity and sharing weal and woe

118长期制约我国经济健康发展的体制性、结构性矛盾

institutional and structural problems that have long hindered heslthy economic development

119长期遗留的历史问题

longstanding problems

120长治久安

a long period of stability/prolonged political stability/lasting political stability 121超编人员

exceed personnel

122超前意识

superior consciousness

123超越宪法和法律的特权

the privilege to overstep the Constitution and other laws

124炒作

sensationalization(news)

125彻头彻尾的反动政治势力

an out-and-out reactionary political force

126撤销职务

annul one’s positon/dismiss sb.from/be stripped of/be removed from

127城市低保对象

urban residents entitled to basic living allowances

128城市规划

city’s landscaping plan/urban planning

129城市居民最低生活保障制度

the system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residents

130《城市生活无着的流浪乞讨人员救助管理方法》

The Measures for Assisting Vagrants and Beggars with No Means of Support in Cities

131城乡低保

urban and rural recipients of cost of living allowances

132城乡低收入居民

low-income residents in both town and country

133城乡居民最低生活保障制度

the system of subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents

134城乡公共就业服务体系

urban and rural systems for providing public employment services

135城乡基层社会管理

administration and public service at the community level in urban and rural areas

136城乡社会保障体系框架

the basic framework for a social safety net for both urban and rural areas 137城乡社会救助体系

the urban and rural emergency aid aystem

138城乡社区建设

development of urban and rural communities

139城镇登记失业率

registered unemployment rate in cities and to towns

140城镇就业困难人员

urban residents experiencing difficulty finding work

141城镇居民人均可支配收入

urban per capita annual disposable income

142城镇居民最低生活保障

minimum standard of living for city residents

143城镇社会保障体系

urban social security system

144城镇职工基本养老保险制度

the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers

145城镇住房制度改革

reform of the urban housing system

146成为国际共识

to become a consensus of the international community

147沉重的社会补贴

heavy social subsidy 148沉重的社会负担

heavy social burdens

拟声词翻译

拟声词又叫象声词,是用于模拟各种声响的词。拟声词在英汉语言中都有。《诗经》第一首诗第一句就有“关关雎鸠”,其中“关关”便是模仿鸟鸣的拟声词。《木兰辞》中“唧唧复唧唧”的“唧唧”便是模仿织布机的声音。英语中的拟声词也是俯拾即是。如crash(哗啦),clash(当啷),splash(扑通),croak(呱呱),yelp(汪汪)等,都是人们日常经常使用的拟声词。英汉语中的拟声词丰富形象,极大地增强了英语和汉语表现力的多样性和生动性,成为这两种语言宝库中的璀璨明珠。 一、英汉拟声词对比 (一)构成比较 拟声造词是拟声词独特的构词方法。如giggle(咯咯地笑),twitter(叽叽喳喳地讲,吱吱叫),hiss(蛇、沸水等嘶嘶作声),rustle(树叶、纸等沙沙作响),baa(羊等咩咩叫),quack(鸭子嘎嘎地叫),bang(砰砰作响)…… 从语言学角度讲,语音是拟声词的载体及原始形态。研究拟声词的构成离不开对其语音成分的分析。拟声词的语音构成是有一定规律可循的。一般来说,/s/表示如蛇、沸水等的嘶嘶声;/l/表示流畅、欢快的声音,如小溪流水声等;/m/,/n/表示郁闷、沉长的声音;/k/,/*/表示急促、尖锐的声音。元音也一样,单元音、双元音和三元音柔和、婉转,短元音急促、粗硬(黄任,1996)。以gr-开始的音指沉闷而令人不快的声音,如growl, grunt等;以h-开始的音则有猛烈的意思,如hack, hunt等;而以-ump结尾的一些单词有重、厚、沉闷的意思,如clump, dump, hump, thump, stump等。 英汉语中都有单音节、双音节、三音节和四音节的拟声词,且均是双音节居多、单音节次之、三音节和四音节的词最少。汉语中有些双音节词是通过重叠单音节词而来,如:哗哗、嗖嗖、刷刷、嘟嘟。有的三音节词是通过重复双音节词的最后一个音节而来的,如:呼啦啦、哗啦啦、呼噜噜。有的四音节词是通过分别重叠两个音节而来,如:叽叽喳喳、淅淅沥沥等。英语里也有重叠拟声,如pit-a-pat, pitter-patter, tick-tack分别是重复pat, pater, tack,只是把元音字母a改成了i; 还有把两个拟声词合在一起来拟声,如uproar, jingle jangle, cling-clang。 (二) 逼真度比较 拟声大都只是大体上像某种现实的声音,有的比较接近,有的不过大体表现出声音的简单轮廓或部分轮廓,有的则相去甚远。但相比较而言,汉语的基本拟声词逼真度较高些,至少不会像英语那样用同一个词来模拟好几种声音,如 rustle用来模拟“唰”、“哗啦”、“刷拉”、“瑟瑟”、“飒飒”几种声音,而rumble可以表示“轰隆”、“咕隆”、“咕噜”这三种声音。 (三) 用法比较 英汉语中,拟声词的使用都很复杂,但如下两点较为明显。其一,英语的拟声词可以用作动词(包括限定式和非限定式)和名词(作介词宾语构成短语作状语等);其二,汉语基本拟声词直接作状语或与“……的一声”连用作状语修饰动词。如:(1)The car rolled bang into the telegraph pole. 汽车砰的一声撞在电线杆上。 (2)The bullets whizzed over his head. 子弹嗖嗖地飞过他的头顶。 (3)Her heart went pit-a-pat.

英译汉-文体翻译(1)新闻

第六单元文体翻译 第一节新闻报道 一、新闻翻译的特点 1、翻译讲求实效 2、可以适当增减 ?翻译:遵循翻译标准进行全文翻译。 ?编译:紧扣原作主题思想,从原作选取最有价值的内容,遵循篇章构建的一般规律,基本按照原作的时间先后顺序和逻辑关系组织行文,再按照翻译的一般原则,将其译成目的语的过程。(王涛2004) ?摘译:摘取一些认为重要的或者说传达了重要信息的段落和内容。(俞建村2001)(注意:必须完整地翻译抽取的内容。) ?参见教材第十章“翻译的类型” p135. 3、符合写作要求 (1)手法: ?以尽可能有趣的方式将一定事实展现出来。 (2)结构: ?编年史法(chronological method ): 依照事实发生先后按时间顺序叙述。 ?新闻导语法(news lead method ): 依照事实的重要性来铺陈、排列事实。 (3)语言: ?具体、准确、简明、通俗、生动。 4、内容力求准确 二、新闻的翻译 ?标题的翻译 ?电头的翻译 ?导语的翻译 ?正文的翻译 ?了解背景知识 例: US Missile Targets Iraqi Radar Site W ASHINGTON: A United States Air Force F-16 fighter plane fired a missile at an Iraqi radar site after the jet was tracked electronically while in the “no-fly” zone over southern Iraq, the Pentagon said yesterday. But the White House, explaining a long delay in announcing the strike, said it was unclear whether Iraqi radar has “locked on” to the plane on Saturday. A Pentagon spokesman said the F-16 returned safely to its base in Saudi Arabia. It was not immediately known if the Iraqi site was damaged. The spokesman, confirming the strike about 18 hours after it occurred, said an investigation was under way. Iraq denied any such incident had taken place. 美导弹击中伊拉克雷达基地 华盛顿电:五角大楼昨日宣称:一架美空军F-16战斗机在伊拉克南部禁飞区被电子跟踪后,向伊一雷达基地发射了导弹。 但是白宫在解释拖延很久才公布这次打击行动的原因时称:星期六时尚不清楚伊雷达是否已“锁定”了这架飞机。 五角大楼的一位发言人说,该F—16战斗机已安全返回设在沙特阿拉伯的基地,伊雷

《英译汉教程》(连淑能主编,高等教育出版社)-第10~12章【圣才出品】

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英语动物拟声词及其翻译 一、引言 英语与汉语虽然属于两种不同的语言系统,但是都有着丰富的拟声词。英语拟声(onomatopoeia) 与汉语修辞格拟声完全相同,都是模拟事物自然声音的一种构词方法。各种动物的声音在经验世界中随处可闻,动物拟声词也就应运而生。动物拟声词在英语拟声词中占有很重要的份额,它比汉语动物拟声词还要丰富多样。汉语动物拟声词往往用简单和笼统的一个“叫”字来表述,而英语一般都用专门的拟声词来表达各种不同动物的叫声。正确地翻译动物拟声词,能够烘托气氛、显示意境、增强声势和实地情景感,使平淡的句子变得鲜活生动、富有情趣,创造出一种使人身临其境、如闻其声的氛围,达到传声达情和闻声解意的语用目的。 二、英语动物拟声词的类型与翻译 英语动物拟声词可以分为直接拟声( Primary Onomatopoeia) 和间接拟声( Secondary Onomatopoeia) 两种类型, 在翻译中存在着较明显的区别。 直接拟声指的是动物的声音与意义基本吻合,能够直接产生音义之间的相互联想。如听见[mu : ]的声音使人想到母牛的“哞哞”声。英语中许多表示动物鸣叫声的词是直接拟声,它与汉语的拟声词存在许多相同之处,在发音上十分接近。如猫叫声,英语拟声词为mew , miaow , 汉语拟声词为“喵”;鸽子的叫声,英语拟声词为coo ,汉语拟声词为“咕咕”;鸭子的叫声,英语拟声词为quack ,汉语拟声词为“呱呱”;鹅的叫声,英语拟声词为cackle ,汉语拟声词为“咯咯”; 青蛙的叫声,英语拟声词为croak ,汉语拟声词为“嗝嗝”。这类拟声词摹拟动物的发音,英语与汉语基本上相同或相近, 翻译时只要借助汉语的习惯表达法,就能够使读者达到动物如在眼前的感受,从而产生丰富的联想。 间接拟声指的是词的发音并不直接唤起某种听觉的经验,即并非对动物自然声音的直接模拟,而是引起一种运动的感觉,或者某种物质与精神特性的感觉。换言之,间接拟声是指音与某种象征性意义发生联想。张培基先生认为, S是咝音字母,它的发音可使人联想到许多动物的相似声。比如,蛇的嘶嘶声,马喷鼻息的嘶嘶声等。英语中snake 和serpent 都作蛇解,由于两词都带S 字母,音义之间就有了一定的联系。文体学家认为H 字母能象征一种努力或费劲,这是因为H 字母是个吐气音。如发haste , hasten , hurry , hurl等词语时,吐气音和发音器官的动作都能使人联想到用力时的气喘。“sn2”的辅音组合,既能使人联想到呼吸时发出的声音,如sniff , snuff , snore 等,又能表示快速敏捷的动作,如snip , snap , snatch , 还能使人联想到滑溜溜的爬行动物snake , snail 等。M 是个低沉的鼻音,能象征鸟雀的喃喃声和昆虫的嗡嗡声。如: The moan of doves in immemorial elms , And murmuring of innumerable bees. (A. Tennyson : Come Dow n , O Maid) 古老的榆树林中鸽子的呢喃, 还有成群飞舞的蜜蜂的嗡嗡声。 英文作者用[m]这个辅音,甚至加上m 这个字母的循环往复的出现,收到了有效刺激读者的视 觉和听觉的良好的修辞效果。但是,在汉语的翻译中,译者没有把鸽子和蜜蜂的声音都译为“嗡 嗡”,而用“ 呢喃”一词来形容鸽子的叫声,这是一种声音象征(Sound symbolism) 的翻译法。用 声音象征来翻译间接拟声词,可以给人以丰富的语音感觉。

《翻译英译汉》word版

翻译——英译汉 英译汉部分要求翻译单句, 而不是段落或篇章。考生首先要读懂句子,了解句子的语法结构、使用的固定词组、习惯用法及词与词之间的语义关系, 然后, 再正确分析原文的语言现象和逻辑关系,进行透彻的理解, 最后, 力图用简洁明了的汉语表达出原文的意思。因此, 考生有必要掌握一些基本的翻译技巧。 一、翻译技巧一 一般的英译汉考题不会只是简单句。我们在做题时, 首先要从语法入手, 找寻和确定句子大的框架结构, 通过分析把句中的从句和插入部分先排除掉, 明确句子结构有助于我们正确理解整句话的意思。 (一)重点分析句子结构 其实, 就英语的句子结构而言, 是有规律可循的。除去省略句、倒装句、感叹句和 一些特殊句子外, 英语句子的结构可归纳为三类: 1. to be句型: 主语 + be + 表语 Miss Jones is a manager. 琼斯小姐是位经理。 2. to do句型: 主语 + do + (宾语) + (状语) He teaches English in this school. 他在这所学校教英语。 3. there be句型: There be + 主语 + 状语 There are beautiful wildflowers in the hills. 山中有美丽的野花。 (二)确定语法现象和惯用结构 英译汉考题中常见的重点语法有: 时态、语态、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、 同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、动名词、分词、虚拟语气、倒装句、强调句等。考生要非常熟悉这些语法现象, 才不至于对句子产生误解。例如: ?Anyone who is interested in it can go with us. 对这事感兴趣的人可以跟我们去。(who引导定语从句修饰主语anyone) ?The problem discussed at yesterday’s meeting is very important. 昨天会上讨论过的那个问题非常重要。(过去分词短语作后置定语修饰主语the problem) ?You could have done better if you had been more careful. 要是细心一点的话,你就会做得更好。(if 引导虚拟语气的条件状语从句) ?Hardly had I said that when she entered the room. 我刚说完,她就进来了。(倒装句, 否定词hardly位于句首, 助动词had 放在主语I之前 ) ?It was not until last night that I noticed this matter. 直到昨晚我才注意到这件事。(强调句: It was not until+强调成分+that句子其 余成分)

英译汉教程翻译答案

1.他怪异的行为有悖于一般的良好行为规范(run counter to) His particular behaviour run counter to the popular concept of good conduct. 2.可以肯定的是,历史上鲜有人能同时在科学和数学领域的成就比牛顿更突出。(impact) What is certain is that few people in history have created a greater impact than Newton on the development of both science and mathematics. 3.你不该嘲笑孩子的失败,应该鼓励他们再去尝试。(deride) You are not support to deride children for their failures; you should encourage them to try again, instead. 4.在Judy毕业典礼的那天,她的叔叔婶婶以丰盛的晚餐来款带她。(sumptuous) On her graduation day, Judy was treated to a sumptuous dinner by her uncle and aunt. 5.对于他在公司的过往表现,没有人有什么不满。(with respect to) With respect to his past record in the film, no one has anything to complain about. 6.他们的自由与我们的自由息息相关,我们不能单独行动。(inextricably) Their freedom is inextricably bound to ours. We cannot act alone. 7.我年迈的叔祖母不习惯使用市场上盛行的一次性物品。(disposable) My aged great aunt is not used to the disposable goods which flood the market today. 8.他在考试中作弊被抓住后,名字马上被从应考者名单上删去。(eliminate) His name was immediately eliminated from the list of candidates after he was caught cheating in the exam. 1.他企图影射John是肇事者,结果是徒劳的。(insinuate, futile) His attempt at insinuating that John was the culprit turned out to be futile. 2.每当未能完成期望他做的事时,他都善于临时编个借口来为自己开脱。(improvise) He is very clever at improvising excuses each time he fails to do what is expected of him. 3.他的西藏之行可以让他想参观布达拉宫的愿望如愿以偿了。(gratify) His trip to Tibet may well gratify his desire to see the Potala. 4.这家公司人力资源雄厚,足以应对其他大公司的挑战。(command) This corporation commands distinguished human resource, rich enough to meet challenges from other big corporations. 5.我认为这恐怕不是我们双方都能接受的变通方法。我们难道想不出一个更好的方案来处理这个问题 (alternative) I don’t think that could be an acceptable alternative for both of us. Can’t we come up with a better one for this problem. 6.总爱胡思乱想和动不动就心血来潮都是有害的。(caprice) It is harmful to indulge in whims and caprices. 7.对不属于你的东西不要有非分之想。(lay one’s hands on; be entitled to) Try not to lay your hands on anything that you are not entitled to. 8.他没来参加竞赛。很可能把这件事全给忘了。(it may well be that) He did not come to the competition. It may well be that he forgotten all about it. 1.比赛的结果不仅取决于球员的个人技术,还取决于全队所有球员能否把握好时机。(timing) The outcome of the game depends not just on the skills of individual player but also on the timing of all the players of the team. 2.接下来我想问的是,我们如何维持一个恒定的自我呢(self-identity)

《英译汉教程》____练习参考答案

普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材 英译汉教程 练习参考答案 连淑能 厦门大学教授、博导

Chapter 1 General Principles Drills 1.3.1 (1) 1. 这对克服困难很有帮助。(go a long way towards something/doing something = help greatly in [achieving] something, OALD 2002: 525;《新英汉词典》2000: 1577) 2. 趁你还年轻的时候,加油吧!/青春不再,趁早努力。(go it = act in a manner that is quicker, more lively, impatient, etc., than is usual. Longman Dictionary of English Idioms1979: 130;《英汉大词典》1993: 740) 3. 我需要更多空闲的时间。(could do with something = need or want something, LDCE 1998: 435) 4. 这次失败促使他成功。([the making of] = a means of gaining great improvement or success, LDCE 1998: 918) 5. 我盼望在最后一刻可以挽救和平。(the eleventh hour = the very last moment, LDCE 1998: 478) 6.她对此事很了解。(know a thing or two [about somebody/something] = know a lot [about somebody/something], OALD 2002: 825) 7. 她真是爱说话。/她太喜欢说话了。(ready = willing to do, LDCE 1998: 1249, 参见“学 生用书”243页) 8.无线电传来了该地区发现大油田的消息。(of-短语修饰news, 也可修饰wireless) 9. 他根据当时已出现的情况,深信以后会有一场漫长而艰难的斗争。(was convinced + that-从句, on the basis of… 短语修饰convinced) 10. 民族解放运动的前景以及中国同第三世界国家之间的关系的前景是怎样的呢?/民族 解放运动以及中国同第三世界国家之间的关系,其前景是怎样的呢?(perspectives 是复数形式,被2个修饰语修饰) (2) 1. 这是一台可以连续运转100小时而不出毛病的发动机。(原译只注意字面对应,没有 根据意思增补) 2.《牛津英语词典》是有关英语单词的一切问题的最高权威。/有关英语单词的一切问题, 只有《牛津英语词典》才能解决。(原译注意字面对应,没有适当引申) 3. 他想学习,增长知识,也愿意教人。/他想学习知识,增长知识,也想传授知识。(原 译a)只注意字面机械对应;b) 发挥过头) 4. 琳达能歌善舞,很会演戏,又很会开玩笑。(原句的名词应转换为动词) 5. 我们不知不觉地朝公园走去。(非人称主语宜转换为人称主语,参见“学生用书”118 页) 6. 你最近过得如何?/近来还可以吧?/近况如何?(宜改变说法) 7. 1919年“五四”运动以后,开始了“新红学”时代,代表人物有胡适、俞平伯等这样 一些学者。(应转换非人称主语,拆译) 8. 这小伙子面相老实,性情随和,(因此)到处吃得开(有人缘)。(应转换非人称主语, 引申词义) 9. 一批又一批的热切群众涌入镇里,情绪非常激动。(应转换非人称主语,引申词义) 10. 这座色彩缤纷、古意盎然的城镇,触发了随队摄影记者的灵感。他们要乒乓球选手 列队拍照,不时高声要他们“笑!笑!”(应拆译) Drills 1.3.2

英译汉翻译的基本程序

一、英译汉翻译的基本程序 1.通读并透彻理解原文。翻译之前仔细研读原文,解决好“翻译什么”的问题。边读边琢磨,确切理解原文所述事物本身的含义与之相关的外延联想,如原句的中心意思是什么,有没有褒贬义或寓意,对其中的修饰语的把握等。 2. 组织语言。考生要根据上下文的语境选择适当的词汇和表达手段。 3. 表达。考生要从内容和语言两方面来考虑译文,尤其注意不能扭曲原意,不能错译或漏译。 4. 审校。这是英汉翻译过程中必不可少的环节。考生将自己的译文与原文进行对照,看看译文是否忠实于原文,是否通顺易懂,是否符合汉语规范。 二、英汉翻译的基本方法 直译与意译 直译指基本保留原有句子结构,照字面意思翻译;意译是在不损害原文内容和精神的前提下,为了表达的需要,对原文做相应的调整。如: Good marriage doesn’t just happen. They take a lot of love and a lot of work. 直译:好的婚姻不会仅仅发生—它们需要大量的爱和大量的工作。 意译:幸福的婚姻不是凭空发生的---它需要你为它付出大量的爱和做大量的工作。 或:美满的婚姻不会从天上掉下来---你必须为它付出大量的爱,做大量的工作。很显然,本句话的意译要比直译更符合汉语表达习惯。当然,一句话并不限于一种译法,要根据具体需要而定。一般来说,在英汉翻译考试中,如果直译能达意就用直译,如果直译效果不好,就应该考虑意译。只要译文内容忠实,意思明白就行了。 顺译法(又名句型对应法) 顾名思义,顺译法(句型对应法)就是按原文句子结构的排列顺序进行翻译,这种译法适合于原文叙述层次与汉语相近的长句翻译,如只含名词性从句的复合句、前置的状语从句或从句在后的长复合句等等。 As an obedient son, I had to accept my parents’ decision that I was to be a doctor ,though the prospect interested in me not at all. 作为一个孝顺的儿子,我不得不接收父母的决定,去当大夫,虽然我对这样的前途毫无兴趣。 3.倒译法 倒译法就是颠倒原文句子结构的排列顺序来进行翻译。 例1: The moon is completely empty of water because the gravity on the moon is much less than on the earth. 因为月球的引力比地球小的多,所以月球上根本没有水。 例2:The football students can be removed from the university if they fail to pass their examination. 作为足球运动员的学生如果考试不及格就要被开除。 4.分译法 分译法,又称拆译法,也是一种基本的句法变通手段。从被分译成份的结构而言,分译大致可以分为单词的分译、短语的分译和从句的分译三种。 单词的分译即拆词,将难译的词从句子主干中拆离出来,另作处理,这种方法常常引起句式上的调整,英译汉中要拆译的词常常是形容词和副词。如: 1

翻译评分标准

英译汉评分标准:“忠实60% +通顺40% ”的标准整体打分

汉译英评分标准:“忠实60% +通顺40% ”的标准整体打分

专八翻译技巧:如何确定汉译英句子主语 在专八汉译英中,应该如何确定英语译文的主语呢? 1把汉语原文中的主语直接翻译成英语译文中的主语,这是一种最简单、最可靠的对应方法,也是我们做汉译英“定主语”的时候首先应该考虑的方法。如: 古来一切有成就的人,都很严肃地对待自己的生命。 Throughout the ages,all people of accomplishme nt have take n their lives seriously. 上面的例子里,汉语句子的主语是名词短语,由于名词短语在英语句子中可以直接充当主语, 所以在翻译的时候可以直接对应下来,确定这个名词短语为译文的主语。 2、汉语和英语都有一个共同的特点,就是代词可以充当主语,所以,还可以直接选用汉语原文中的代词来充当英语译文的主语。如: 得病以前,我受父母宠爱,在家中横行霸道,一旦隔离,拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里,我顿觉打入冷宫,十分郁郁不得志起来。 Before I was taken ill,l had been a spoiled child of my parents,getting things my way in the family. Once isolated and confined to a small house on the slope of the garde n,l sudde nly found myself in disfavor and my wings clipped. 3、在汉语中,除了上述名词和代词可以作主语之外,动词也可以直接充当主语。英语的动词原形不能作主语,但是英语中的动名词或者动词不定式则可以充当主语。如果我们确定用 汉语的动词主语来充当英语译文的主语时,必须要使用其对应的英语动词的动名词形式或者 不定式形式。如: 帮助真正的穷人,要比仅仅缩小贫富差距更有价值。帮助下层社会的人重新回到社会主流中 来,符合所有人的利益 Helping the truly poor is much worthier than merely narrowing inequalities.And helping the lower class rejoin mainstream of society is in the interests of all.

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