英国文学史复习资料
Blank verse - John Milton(master)(Brit.) Free verse - Walt Whitman( Amer.)
Geoffery Chaucer
●Born in 1340
●1066---1500 Middle English Period
●Medieval Realism
●
●The Canterbury Tales:这部作品虽然没写完，但是这部作品刻画了当时英国社会的全景，
故事讲了30个要去坎特伯雷教堂朝圣的人，路上无聊便一个人讲一个故事，这三十个人里有社会上层的骑士、神职人员，也有下层：磨坊主、农民等等，这也就说：他们是当时社会的缩影。More than a mere collection of true-to-life pictures. His tales expose and satirize the evils of the time, affirm people’s right to pursue their happiness and opposes the dogma of asceticism. Praise man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life.
● 1.Messenger of Humanism; 2. The founder of English Realism; 3. the Father of English
Poetry; 4. the founder or master of the modern English Language, the pioneer of the English Renaissance.
●Main significances of Chaucer and his works：
They show a true life picture of his time.
They indicate the rising of bourgeoisie of Britain.
They sing the praises of man’s energy, intellect, wit and love of life.
They satirize the evil of the time and degeneration of the noble and corruption of the church They give us the first smooth English.
They introduce the French rhymed stanza, esp. the heroic couplet to English poetry.
They create the famous terza rima三行诗节押韵法in English poetry writing.
They foreshadow the coming the English Renaissance.
William Shakespeare
●Born in 1564
●1500---1660 The Renaissance (or Early Modern)
●Comedy:< A midsummer Night’s Dream>;
●《哈姆莱特》是莎士比亚最主要的悲剧作品之一，叙述了丹麦王子哈姆莱特在德国读书
时，他的叔父克劳狄斯毒死老哈姆莱特，篡夺了王位，并霸占了哈姆莱特的母亲。哈姆莱特回国后，通过父亲的鬼魂，叙说自己致死的原因。他遵照鬼魂嘱咐，决定为父报仇，这时叔父国王克劳狄斯，开始对哈姆莱特产生了怀疑。在大臣波洛涅斯的策划下，利用其女哈姆莱特的情人奥菲利娅去试探他，又指使哈姆莱特两同学(罗森格兰兹和吉尔登斯吞)前去打探，都被哈姆莱特识破。哈姆莱特利用剧团在宫廷演戏的机会，准备杀死国王。结果他误杀了情人奥非利娅的父亲，奥菲利娅因为父亲被哈姆莱特杀死，疯癫自尽。国王乘机挑拨波洛涅斯的儿子雷欧提斯以比剑为名，设计用毒剑刺死了哈姆莱特，该剧的结尾，哈姆莱特、国王、王妃、雷欧提斯同归于尽。Hamlet is a hero of the Renaissance. His learning, wisdom, noble, nature, limitation and tragedy are all representative of the humanists at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries.
●Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance,
and one of the greatest writers the world over.He is a great master of English language and is
a great treasure of English language.
John Milton
●1500---1660 The Renaissance & the period of the English Bourgeois Revolution
●
●Paradise Lost:《失乐园》以史诗一般的磅礴气势揭示了人的原罪与堕落。诗中叛逆之神
撒旦，因为反抗上帝的权威被打入地狱，却毫不屈服，为复仇寻至伊甸园。亚当与夏娃受被撒旦附身的蛇的引诱，偷吃了上帝明令禁吃的知识树上的果子。最终，撒旦及其同伙遭谴全变成了蛇，亚当与夏娃被逐出了伊甸园。该诗体现了诗人追求自由的崇高精神，是世界文学史、思想史上的一部极重要的作品。The main idea of the poem is a revolt against God’s authority.
●Milton was political in both his life and his art. He wrote the greatest epic in English
literature. Milton is a master of the blank verse. He is a great stylist. He has always been admired for his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.
John Bunyan
●17th-18th the period of the English Bourgeois Revolution & The Neoclassical Period
●
City of Destruction, meets with the perils and temptations of the Slough of Despond, Vanity Fair, and Doubting Castle, faces and overcomes the demon Appollyon, and finally comes to the Delectable Mountains and the Celestial City.《天路历程》展示了复辟时期The restoration复杂的英国社会，表现了班扬对当时的社会历史的看法，也反映了基督徒在当时社会中的窘境，一方面是对清教的虔诚，一方面是世俗世界的自私和道德堕落。●Bunyan’s prose is admirable and. It is popular speech ennobled by the solemn dignity and
simplicity of the language of the English Bible.
Alexander Pope
●The 18th century
●Neo-Classicism
●
●Essay on Man 意义：It is a philosophical poem in heroic couplets. Essay on Criticism: It tells
the poets and critics to write and appreciate poetry according to the principles set up by the old Greek and Roman writers.确立了新古典主义时期文学标准。
●Pope is the most important representative of the English classical poetry. He was at his best
in satire and epigram隽语. He was an example of conscious literary artist
Jonathan Swift
●The 18th century
●Realism & Neo-Classicism
●Gulliver’s Travels:小说以外科医生格列佛的四次出海航行冒险的经历为线索写成，一
共由四部分组成。It gives an unparalleled satirical depiction of the vices of his age.
●He is one of the greatest masters of English prose. Swift is a master satirist, and his irony is
deadly. He is almost unsurpassed in English literature.
Daniel Defoe
●The 18th century
●Realism & Neo-Classicism
●
●Robinson Crusoe: The character of Robinson Crusoe is representative of the English
bourgeoisie at the earlier stages of its development.鲁宾逊漂流记（Robinson Crusoe）是咱们都很熟悉的故事，这一部小说也是英国文学史上第一部小说。
●He is the founder of the British enlightenment realistic novel. Father of British and Europe
novels.
Henry Fielding
●The 18th century
●Realism
●
●Tom Jones: it gives a comprehensive, all-embracing picture of the life of 18th century
England, combined with understanding of human psychology and criticism of social evils.
这部作品也被称为散文戏剧史诗（comic epic in prose）。在写作技巧上看，菲尔丁引入了第三人称叙述（third person narration）,在写作时，作家高高在上，仿佛是主宰一切的上帝，这种技巧也是菲尔丁对现代小说的一大贡献。
●He is the founder of the English realistic novel and sets up the theory of realism in literary
creation.He is “The father of the British novel art”and “one of the four great Britain realist writer”In the eighteenth century.
William Blake
●The 18th century
●Pre - romanticism
●
The Marriage of Heaven and Hell: prose work. Blake’s spirit of revolt against oppression.
Here he maintains liberty against the law of bourgeois society. One central idea is his denial of the authority of injustice.Songs of Innocence pictured a world filled with light，harmony，peace and love。Songs of Experience brought a fuller sense of the power of evil，and of the great misery and pain of the people’s life前两部诗集中有不少诗主题相似，但所表现的内涵不同。很显然，这是对当时社会无情的批判。布莱克的语言直白易读，含义深刻。
●Blake is the forerunner of the Romantic poetry of the 19th century
●浪漫主义时期第一位诗人
William Wordsworth
●At the turn of 18th and 19th century
●Romanticism
● Above Tintern Abbey> ●Lyrical Ballads: marked the break with the conventional poetical tradition of the 18th century. ●In the Preface to the Lyrical Ballads，in which Wordsworth set forth his principle of poetry， served as the manifesto of the English Romantic Movement in poetry. ●Being mentioned as the “Lake Poets ”with Coleridge and Southey. 另外他和柯勒律治合 作写成的《抒情歌谣集》（lyrical ballads）更是英国浪漫主义时期的开端，具有重要意义。 Lord Byron ●At the turn of 18th and 19th century ●Romanticism ●Don Juan: 通过主人公唐璜在西班牙、希腊、土耳其、俄国和英国等不同国家的生活经 历展现了19世纪初欧洲的现实生活A broad panorama of life in that age，a satire on abuses of the state of society then。 ●He and Shelly are justifiably regarded as 2 great poets of revolutionary romanticism in England. He has now become one of the best-known English poets in China. Percy Shelley ●At the turn of 18th and 19th century ●Romanticism ● Skylark>, ， ●Ode to the West wind: is his famous lyric of love.The West wind, the representative of freedom, stands for a great spirit power. The poem expresses his eagerness for freedom and new life ●Shelley loved the people and hated their oppressors and exploiters.He and Byron are justifiably regarded as 2 great poets of revolutionary romanticism in England. John Keats ●At the turn of 18th and 19th century ●Romanticism ● ●Ode to a Nightingale: revealed mastery of forms and depth of feeling. ●One of the brilliant trio of active romanticists in England. 浪漫主义的集大成者the master of Romanticism. Walter Scott ●At the turn of 18th and 19th century ●Romanticism ● ●Ivanhoe: is a great work of art and its strength lies chiefly in the novelist’s realistic description of the life of feudal England. ●The father of historical novel His historical novel paved the path for the development of the realistic novel of the 19th century. Marks the transition from romanticism to realism in English literature of the 19th century. Jane Austen ●At the turn of 18th and 19th century ● A realistic in the period of Romanticism ● Abbey> ●Pride and Prejudice:Pride and Prejudice shows the British society life is very conservative and tight Charles Dickens ●Mid-19th century Victorian Age ●Realism ● ●Oliver Twist: Olive twist made the readers aware of the inhumanity of the city life under capitalism. ●He is the greatest representative of english critical realism ●One of the great humorists in the world. ●Has always been a most popular novelist among Chinese readers. William Thackeray ●Mid-19th century Victorian period ●Realism ● ●Vanity fair主要描写女主人公在社会上受到歧视，于是利用种种计谋甚至以色相引诱、 巴结权贵豪门，不择手段往上爬。V anity fair shows a picture of England and it remains a classical examples of social satire up to the present. ●One of the greatest critical realists of 19th century Europe. Charlotte Bronte ●Mid-19th century Victorian period ●Realism ● ●Jane eyre: The book is the criticism of the bourgeois system of the education and also said that the women should have equal rights with the men.讲述一位从小变成孤儿的英国女子在各种磨难中不断追求自由与尊严，坚持自我，最终获得幸福的故事。 ●Charlotte is a writer of realism combined with romanticism Emily Bronte ●Mid-19th century Victorian period ●Realism ● ●Wuthering heights through a love tragedy, to show a picture of deformity society life, draw the outline of the picture by the deformity畸形social distorted humanity and cause all kinds of terrible events.小说描写吉卜赛弃儿希斯克利夫被山庄老主人收养后，因受辱和恋爱不 遂，外出致富，回来后对与其女友凯瑟琳结婚的地主林顿及其子女进行报复的故事。●Emily is perhaps the greatest writer of the three Bronte sisters,the only novel Wuthering Heights has its place among the masterpieces of english culture, She is considered to be a British woman writer of genius and is recognized as the British three female poets. George Eliot ●Mid-19th century Victorian period ●Realism ● ●Adam Bede亚当·贝德is a novel of moral conflicts,showing the contest of personal desires, passion,temperament, human weakness and the claims of moral duty. ●The novels of George Eliot mark the beginning of a new stage in the development of the English critical realism following that of Dickens and Thackeray. George Gissing ●at the end of 19th century ●Naturalism ● ● a transitional figure Robert Louis Stevenson ●at the end of 19th century ●Neo-romanticism ● ●Treasure Island:小说描写了敢作敢为、机智活泼的少年吉姆·霍金斯发现寻宝图的过程 以及他如何智斗海盗，历经千辛万苦，终于找到宝藏，胜利而归的惊险故事。 Oscar Wilde ●at the end of 19th century ●Aestheticism ● W.B.Yeats ●20th century ●Imagism ● ●1923 he was awarded the Nobel prize for literature ●被诗人艾略特誉为“当代最伟大的诗人” ●著名的神秘主义者，是“爱尔兰文艺复兴运动”的领袖，也是艾比剧院（Abbey Theatre） 的创建者之一。叶芝的诗受浪漫主义、唯美主义、神秘主义、象征主义和玄学诗的影响，演变出其独特的风格。叶芝的艺术代表着英语诗从传统到现代过渡的缩影。叶芝早年的创作具有浪漫主义的华丽风格，善于营造梦幻般的氛围，在1893年出版的散文集《凯尔特曙光》，便属于此风格。然而进入不惑之年后，在现代主义诗人伊兹拉·庞德等人的影响下，尤其是在其本人参与爱尔兰民族主义政治运动的切身经验的影响下，叶芝的 创作风格发生了比较激烈的变化，更加趋近现代主义了。雪莱的诗对叶芝产生了很大影响。后来，叶芝在一篇关于雪莱的文章中写道：“我重读了《解放了的普罗米修斯》，在世界上所有的伟大著作之中，它在我心里的地位比我预想得还要高得多。” T(homas) S(tearns) Eliot ●20th century ●Imagism，American New Criticism ●< The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock>< The Waste Land><.The Hollow Men > Wednesday> ●The Waste Land:《荒原》是英美现代诗歌的里程碑milestone（359页，第二段），全景 式地描写了20世纪西方文明的状貌。荒原分成5个形式独立但是内涵相近的篇章，以鱼王和圣杯的传说作为全诗结构的统一手段（了解即可）。《荒原》的潜在线索是骑士寻找圣杯grail，诗的突出特点是爱的失落，这是寻找圣杯失败的标志，是荒原人精神贫乏的体现。《荒原》刻画了20世纪初叶西方的精神危机spiritual crisis和绝望情绪。 ●1947 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature ●Leader of the modernist movement in English poetry and a great innovator of verse technique. ●He profoundly influenced 20th-century English poetry between World Wars1 and 2. James Joyce ●20th century ●The “Stream of Consciousness” School ●< A Portrait of the Artist as a young Man>< Ulysses> ●Ulysses:小说以时间为顺序，描述了主人公，苦闷彷徨的都柏林Dublin小市民，广告推 销员利奥波德·布卢姆（Leopold Bloom）于1904年6月16日一昼夜之内在都柏林的种种日常经历。《尤利西斯》是意识流小说的代表作.它是一部关于两个民族（以色列-爱尔兰）的史诗，同时是一个周游人体器官的旅行，也是一个发生在一天（一生）之间的小故事……它也是一种百科全书encyclopaedia。A modern prose epic. ●One of the most original novelists of the 20th century, whose work shows a unique synthesis of realism, the “stream of consciousness” and symbolism.二十世纪最伟大的作家之一 The greatest enigma in 20th century literature. Virginia Woolf ●20th century ●The “Stream of Consciousness”School ● Waves(1931)>, ●The Waves: it depict the lives of 6 characters through their stream of consciousness. Is the “climax of Virginia Woolf’s experiment in novel form”. ●伍尔夫是意识流代表作家之一,她的小说创作实践推动了现代小说的发展，她的理论进 一步巩固了意识流小说的地位.二十世纪现代主义Modernism与女性主义Feminism的先锋之一. 考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s 英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages 《英国文学选读》课程基本信息 课程发展的历史沿革 南京大学英国文学教学和研究历史悠久，基础厚实。 早在80年代，范存忠先生出版了《英国文学史提纲》，陈嘉先生编写的英文版《英国文学史》和《英国文学选读》获国家教委全国高等学校优秀教材奖。 王守仁教授主编的《英美小说》1995年获全国高校外国文学教学研究会首届优秀教材 奖。 王守仁教授主编的《英国文学选读》由北京高等教育出版社于2001年出版，列入面向21世纪课程教材、普通高等教育九五国家级重点教材”并作为英语专业系列教材”之一， 获2002年全国普通高等学校优秀教材一等奖。该教材修订版已列入普通高等教育十五国家 级教材规划选题” 2001年王守仁教授主持的英国文学网络课程作为教育部新世纪网络课程建设工程”项 目正式立项，获经费12万元。 2003年4月，英国文学网络课程在北京通过专家组质量认证。 f ---------------- 探教学内容 英国文学课程精选英国文学史上重要作家的名篇，包括莎士比亚、培根、华兹华斯、狄 更斯、哈代、艾略特、乔伊斯、劳伦斯等经典作家的名著以及当代作家的作品，题材涵盖小说、诗歌、戏剧和散文，教学内容全面系统，较好地体现了专业课程的基础性、先进性和前沿性。英国文学课程确立以文学作品为中心，采用读写议相结合的教学方式，注重培养学生的分析能力、思辩能力和语言表达能力，体现了素质教育的特点。通过对本课程的学习，学 生可以在教师的指导下阅读英语文学作品原著，理解英国文学与文化，提高文学批评鉴赏能 力和英语水平。 €--------------- la 探教学条件 英国文学课程以王守仁教授主编的《英国文学选读》为基本教材，充分发挥网络技术的 优势，基于课堂与网络，实行开放式教学。南京大学具备运行机制良好的硬件环境，开发的英国文学网络课件已从2002年春季学期起投入使用。英国文学网络课件以Web页面的形式 呈现教学内容，通过ASP技术，动态生成学习单元，每单元包括作者简介、背景介绍、作品赏析、作品选读和注释以及作家的相关网址，同时还配有相关评论、图片和名言。课件具有 华南农业大学xx文学史期末考试题 (下)注:本文档主要用作题型参考,非100%原题。 考试范围:启蒙运动时期,浪漫主义时期。 一选择题。(共50题,每题1分) 类型1:作品来源。(约10-15道题) 1.” Some village-Hampden, that with dauntless breast. The littletyrant of hisfields withstood, Some mute inglorious Milton here mayrest. SomeCromwell,guiltless of his country's blood.” is from ( )A.I Wandered Lonely As A Cloud B. The Cloud C. Bright Star D. Elegy 2. “But now your brow is beld, John. Your locks are lik e the snaw;But bless ingson your frosty pow…” is from ( ) A. John Anderson, My Jo B.A Red, Red Rose C. Tintern Abbey D. When We two parted 3.” I am assured by our merchants, that a boy or a girl beforetwelve years old isno saleable commodity, and even when they come tothis age, they will not yieldabove three pounds, or three pounds andhalf a crown at most, on the exchange.” isfrom ( ) A. Gulliver’s Travel B. Robinson Crusoe 一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。 小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式 Beowulf English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in England.Beowulf is the national epic of the English people. Beowulf is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes.Its main stories are evidently folk legends of primative Northern tribes.The most striking feature of Beowulf is the use of alliteration（头韵）.In alliterative verse,certain accented word in a line begin with the same consonant sound,there are generally 4 accents in a line,three of which show alliteration.Other features are the use of metaphors and of understatements(掩饰). ―Ring-giver‖ is used for king, ―sea-wood‖for ship.Ironical humour is often regarded as a permanentcharacteristic of English. Chaucer (About 1340-1400.) His literature career can be divided into three periods:French Period (The Romaunt of the Rose) ,Italian Period,England period.Troilus and Criseyde is his longest complete poem(8000 lines) and his greatest artistic achievement.The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.Taking the stand of the rising bourgeoisie,he affi rms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached by the church.As a forerunner of humanism,he praises man’s energy,intellect,quick wit and love of life.Chaucer’s language,called Middle English,is vivid and exact.Contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types,especially the rhymed couplet(双韵诗体)of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the heroic couplet)to English poetry,instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. Marlowe(1564-1593) 英国文学史及作品选读 （模拟试题二） Ⅰ. Multiple Choice（1′×20=20分） 1．______can be justly termed England’s national epic. A. The Canterbury Tales B. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C. The Song of Beowulf D. The Romance of the Rose 2. Among of the following dramas, which is one of Shakespeare’s four tragedies? A.Macbeth B.As You Like it C. Twelfth Night D. The Merchant of Venice 3. _______ is called as “ father of English novels” A. William Shakespeare B. Christopher Marlowe C. Daniel Defoe D.John Donne 4. It was ____who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama. A. Thomas Wyatt B. William Shakespeare C. Edmund Spenser D. Christopher Marlowe 5. Absoulute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of ____, especially Britain’s sea power was established. A.James I B. Henry VIII C. Queen Elizabeth D. Charles I 6. Hamlet, the most popular of Shakespeare's plays for readers and theater audiences, tells about the story of Hamlet, Prince of _______, and son of the dead king, who seeks revenge for his father’s death. A. England B. Norway C. Scotland D. Denmark 7. Which comment on John Donne is wrong? A. He is the leading figure of metaphysical poetry. B. His poetry is characterized by mysticism and peculiar conceit. C. John Donne’s poetry is characterized regularity among irregularity D. He never shows positive attitude towards love. 8. Robinson Crosue can be termed as____. A. a self-dependent person B. a person with colonial mind C. an adventuous person D. all of the above 9. Robert Burns is the representative of _____. A. Sentimentalism B. Pre-Romanticism C. Romanticism D. English Renaissance 10. William Blake’s ____ paint a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone. A.Poetical Sketches B. The Book of Thel C. Songs of Experience D. Songs of Innocence 11. The notorious “Peterloo Massacre” happened in _____. A. English Romantic period B. English Renaissance C. period of Restoration D. Neo-classical period 12. Lyrical Ballads are made by ____. A. Wordsworth and Shelley B. Wordsworth and Southey C. Wordsworth and Coleridge D. Shelley and Byron 13. According to____, poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which originates in emotion and recollected in tranquillity. Chapter1 Early and Medieval Literature Three stages of English literary development: The Roman Conquest（55BC——410AD） The Anglo-Saxon Period（410——1066AD） Three tribes：Jutes，the Angles，and the Saxons The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle盎格鲁撒克逊编年史 The greatest literary achievement during this period is Beowulf。Beowulf贝奥武甫——epic，alliteration ★Epic: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down. ★The whole epic is divided into two parts and tells of two major events in the life of Beowulf.①He kills a monster;②He fights a dragon. The Norman Conquest(1066-------1350AD) 下层：ballad民谣（ballads which are the most important parts of English folk literature） 上层：chivalry骑士文学：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight （alliteration verse） ★Most of the English romances deal with three major themes: Ⅰ.The Matter of Britain——which is about the adventures of King 《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors a nd understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题） 2. Romance （名词解释） 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4. Ballad（名词解释） 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 12 4 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic c ouplet) 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia 10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释） 12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读） 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读） 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。 16. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress 17. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosoph ical poems, complex rhythms and strange images. 18. Enlightenment（名词解释） 19. Neoclassicism（名词解释） 20. Richard Steele——“The Tatler” 21. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。 22. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions ····································密························封························线································ 学生答题不得超过此线 ····································密························封························线································ 学生答题不得超过此线 ····································密························封························线································ 学生答题不得超过此线 班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【（1）】B卷闭卷共 5 页 学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································ 班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【（1）】B卷闭卷共 5 页 学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································ 一．作家作品连线 1.GeoffreyChaucer乔叟——TheCanterburyTales(坎特伯雷故事)，TheBookofTheDuchess（公爵夫人之书）、TheParliamentofFowls（百鸟会议）TheHouseofFame(声誉之堂)、TroilusandCriseyde（特罗勒斯与克丽西德） 2.WilliamShakespeare莎士比亚——Hamlet,RomeoandJuliet,Sonnet TheMerchantofVenice，HenryIV，TwelfthNight，KingLear，Macbeth Othello,Winter’sTale,TheTempest 3.FrancisBacon培根——OfMarriageandSingleLife（论婚姻和单身）,OfStudies,AdvancementofLearning,NewAtlantis,Essays 4.JohnDonne邓恩(Metaphysicalpoems玄学派诗人)——SongandSonnets（歌与十四行诗）TheGood-Morrow,BreakofDay,HolySonnets（圣十四行诗）,AttheRou ndEarth’sImaginedCorners,Below,Death,BenotProud,Eleg ies,OnHisMistress,ToHisMistressGoingtoBed 5.JohnMilton弥尔顿——ParadiseLost（失乐园）、ParadiseRegained（复乐园）SamsonAgonistes（力士参孙）,Lycidas(利西达斯），Areopagitica, 6.DanielDefoe笛福——TheLifeandstrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe（鲁滨孙漂流记）、CaptainSingleton(辛格顿船长)、MollFlanders（摩尔·弗兰德斯）AJournalofthePlagueYear（大疫年日记）、Roxana（罗克萨娜） 7.JonathanSwift斯威夫特——Gulliver’sTravels（格列佛游记）ATaleofaTub（一只桶的故事）,AModestProposal（一个温和的建议）,TheBattleoftheBooks,TheDrapier’sLetter,JournaltoStella 英国文学史 1.The statement “Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability”open well-known essays by_________. Francis Bacon Samuel Johnson Alexander Pope Jonathan Swift [参考答案] Francis Bacon 2.When he died, Chaucer was buried in __________ the Poet's Corner. Westminster Abbey Normandy Canterbury Southwark [参考答案] Westminster Abbey 3.Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of . Piers Plowman Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Confessio Amantis The Canterbury Tales [参考答案] The Canterbury Tales 4.The first mention of Robin Hood in literature is in Langland's _________. The Legend of Good Woman The Vison of Piers the Plowman Boewulf Fables [参考答案] The Vison of Piers the Plowman 5.Which literary genra does Sir Gawain and the Green Knight belong to? epic romance novel prose [参考答案] romance 6.English literature at the Anglo-Norman Period was also a combination of ____ and Saxon elements. Latin Greek English French [参考答案] French 7.In the 14th century, the two most important writers are_____ and Chaucer Caedmon Cynewulf Langland Shakespeare [参考答案] Langland 8.Who is the monster half-human who had mingled thirty warriors in The Song of Beowulf? Hrothgat Heorot Grendel Beowulf [参考答案] Grendel 9.The most important work of_____is The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles,which is regarded as the best monument of the old English prose. Alfred the Great Caedmon Cynewulf Venerable Bede [参考答案] Alfred the Great 10.The epic, The Song of Beowulf, represents the spirit of_____. monks romanticists sentimentalists pagan [参考答案] pagan ing line of 11.The sentence “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day ?” is the beginn one of Shakespeare’ｓ. comedies tragedies histories sonnets [参考答案] sonnets英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案
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