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10个奇怪的测试

10个奇怪的测试
10个奇怪的测试

10个奇怪的测试

测试可以用来证明或者反驳很多事情,不过我们发现下面的这些例子确实够古怪的。

10.超觉静坐实验(The Transcendental Meditation Test)——它能减少犯罪吗?

简介:该实验验证团体超觉静坐(TM,Transcendental Meditation。)是否会影响犯罪率。(超觉静坐是西方的一种气功,为美籍印度瑜伽师玛赫西改良的一种简易瑜伽术,是以静为主的气功锻炼方法——译者注)

实验内容:从1993年6月7日到7月30日,大约有4000人在华盛顿参与了团体超觉静坐。

结论:结果显示,超觉静坐使这一地区的犯罪率减少了1%。这也被称作“玛赫西效应”,与玛赫西1960年提出的预测结果相符。随后的实验和相关评论都支持了这一假设。(“玛赫西效应”是指城市百分之一的人口每日早、晚规律练习超觉静坐技术,则城市中各种消极性会因静坐人口创造出的更大秩序性与和谐性而减少,提升城市生命品质——译者注)。

9.祈祷实验(The Prayer Test)——检验祈祷对外科手术的影响

简介:该实验由邓普顿基金会设计,以证明祈祷的力量是否会影响人的健康。

实验内容:三组基督徒为特定的心脏手术病人进行祈祷。有些病人知道有人为他祈祷,有些病人被告知这是一种可能的治疗方式,第三组病人并没有人为他们祈祷,但也被告知这是一种可能的治疗方式。总共有1800名病人参与实验。

结论:总体看来,祈祷对于帮助病人恢复没有起到什么作用;然而,59%的知道有人为他们祈祷的病人,以及52%的被告知这是一种可能的治疗方式的病人都出现了并发症。

8.确定宇宙是否是一个模拟程序的实验

简介:这个实验基于模拟仿真理论,该哲学理论认为我们所生活的宇宙本质上是一个模拟的电脑程序。

实验内容:德国波恩大学的研究团队在一篇论文中指出,一个虚拟的宇宙其所有组成部分都会存在固有的局限性,这种局限性需要依据数学分析才能分辨出来。

结论:GZK极限(Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin, 以提出者Greisen、Zatsepin、Kuzmin三人姓氏之首字母为名的理论上限,描述源自远处的宇宙射线应有的理论上限值。——译注)似乎是宇宙射线粒子的极限。(如果我们生活其中的宇宙事实上是由计算机模拟得到,那么高能粒子普中应该会存在一个间断,而现实生活中真的存在这样一种间断,它发生

在宇宙射线中,这一间断就被称作“GZK极限”——译者注)你可能得想想我们是不是住在一个巨大的计算机游戏里。7.韦达测试(The Wada Test)——针对脑部手术病人的实验

简介:这是脑外科手术前对病人进行的一项神经测试。

测试内容:在病人清醒的时候为其两个脑半球分别注射巴比妥类药物,然后让病人看一系列图片;之后要求病人回忆所看到的内容。

结论:这个测试主要被外科医生用来确定病人记忆与语言功能的位置。然后医生可以确定使用哪种治疗方式合适,并清楚术后认知创伤的程度。这个测试本身有一定不寻常的副作用,例如会产生战栗、冲动行为。有些病人暂时丧失了语言能力,但仍能唱歌。

6.陌生情景测试(The Strange Situation Test)——针对婴儿的实验

简介:这个测试针对18个月大的婴儿,检验他们与父母或者照料者的亲密程度。

测试内容:该实验包括一位母亲与她的婴儿,还有一个陌生人。母亲先与陌生人交谈,然后陌生人给婴儿一个玩具,此时母亲离开房间,只留下婴儿与陌生人在一起。

结论:根据儿童的反应,可以将他们分为“安全型”、“焦虑-

抗拒型”、“焦虑矛盾型”、“依恋解体型”。这个实验被认为能够深入洞察儿童未来的行为及其家庭环境。

5. 镜子实验(The Mirror Test)——检验动物的自我意识

简介:该测试由心理学家小戈登·盖洛普(Gordon Gallup Jr.)完成,其目的是检验哪些动物具有自我认知。(嘿,那可是在70年代……)

实验内容:将一只雄性黑猩猩与一只雌性黑猩猩分别放置在两个房间中,两个房间里都有一面全长的镜子,实验者让两只猩猩对着镜子80多天,观察它们如何与镜子互动。

结论:两只猩猩刚开始都对镜子里的形象感到恐惧,但逐渐地,它们开始冲着镜子做鬼脸并打扮自己。其他通过该项实验证明具有自我意识的动物有:宽吻海豚、杀人鲸和亚洲象。未能通过实验的有狗和恒河猴。

4. 海福乐–基廷(Hafele–Keating)——飞机上进行的相对论实验

简介:这是一个检验爱因斯坦相对论的实验,由约瑟夫·海福乐与理查德·基廷(前者为物理学家,后者为天文学家——译者注)于1971年完成。

实验内容:两位科学家带着两对原子钟乘飞机分别穿过极点绕地球向东、向西各飞行一圈。这些钟表事先与地面上的两

个钟表完全同步。这个实验检验了时间以及爱因斯坦结论中可能出现的矛盾。

结论:该实验涉及大量的数学内容,但是结果显示,向西飞行的钟表读数比地球上静止的钟表读数快,向东飞行的钟表读数比地球上静止的钟表读数慢(这里所说的快慢差异以十亿分之一秒作为单位),这与爱因斯坦的预言相符。

3. “愚蠢粗心消费”测试(The “Moron in a Hurry” Test)——应用于商标

简介:这是一项法律测试,其目的是确定诉讼双方中的一方是否存在商标侵权行为。

测试内容:这项测试首次出现在社会党报《晨星报》与另一家报社的法律诉讼案中,《晨星报》试图禁止这家报社使用《每日星报》作为其刊名。法院最后判决“只有粗心大意的读者”才会混淆两份报纸。

结论:这个测试最著名的应用案例是在甲壳虫乐队的音乐公司——苹果公司起诉苹果电脑公司商标侵权的诉讼。(甲壳虫的苹果公司最终败诉。)

2.琴泰岬测试(The “Mull of Kintyre” Test)——电影审查手段

简介:据说,英国电影分级委员会(BBFC)在20世纪90年代曾用此作为非官方的测试,检验是否该删去有男性阴茎

的图像。

测试内容:如果一个男性的阴茎勃起角度大于苏格兰琴泰岬半岛的倾斜角度,即被视为“淫秽”,不予播出。

结果:尽管英国电影分级委员会从没有明确地承认过该测试,英国电影分级委员会还是经过分析于2002年中止了这种审查。

1. 贝氏测试(The Bechdel Test)——衡量女性在流行文化

中的地位

简介:该测试由漫画家埃里森·贝克戴尔(美国艺术家和女同性恋活动家——译者注)于1985年在她的漫画《留意女同

性恋》(Dykes to Watch Out For)中提出。

测试内容:漫画中的一个人物说她要看符合以下条件的电影:(1)至少有两名女性。

(2)她们互相交谈。

(3)谈论话题不涉及任何男性。

结果:这个测试其实是一个隐晦的笑话,但已经被用于电影、电视、文学等领域,成为一种衡量女性地位的主流测试。以这个测试来审视2013年票房收入最高的影片,可以发现,

有一半的电影都未能通过该测试。

原文链接:https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4516431976.html,/item_99072.aspx

翻译/赵倩

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