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21世纪大学实用英语第三册课后习题答案

Unit 1

5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.

1. curious

2. affects

3. emergency

4. locked

5. Relatively

6. complaining

7. protested

8. react

9. mood 10. unique 11. consciousness 12. surgery

6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary. 1. the bottom line 2. thanks to 3. reflect on 4. had lost touch 5. went through

6. followed around

7. looking on

8. woke up

9. take action 10. after all

10. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Each time my brother complained about the difficulty of his work, I asked him to look on the bright side.

2. The police reacted immediately when report came that two kids had been held up at gunpoint in

a nearby building.

3. When I pointed out the mistakes in her calculation, instead of correcting them as soon as possible, Mary protested that it was not her fault.

4. Tom was curious about the joke I told my colleagues, but he didn’t get it.

5. Thanks to his positive attitude, Jack took action and saved his own life before he lost consciousness in the emergency room.

6. When I reflect on what I have achieved in the past, I have to say that success comes from hard work. That’s the bottom line.

⒈recent ⒉characteristic ⒊whatever ⒋interviewed ⒌condition ⒍regular ⒎traditional ⒏occupation ⒐external ⒑optimistic ⒒pessimistic ⒓institute

⒈have...in common ⒉regardless of ⒊on a regular basics ⒋in contrast ⒌striving for, strive for ⒍have little to do with, have much to do with ⒎go a long way ⒏are related to

Writing

Name Wang Dalei

Address Rm 803 No 103 Gansu Road Nanjing 210050

Date of Birth 7th December 1983

Place of Birth Nanjing

Nationality Chinese

Marital Status Single

Education

2001-2004 Nanjing Technical College

1998-2001 Nanjing Chaoyang High School

Examinations passed:

2002 College English Test Band 4 Excellent

2001 Practical English Test for Colleges (Level A) Excellent

Languages Chinese

Fluent English

Some Japanese

Previous Experience

2001 and 2002 Summer job working as a volunteer in a local community

Interests Reading fishing music

References

Available on request

Unit 2

5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.

1. intense

2. concept

3. committed

4. deserve

5. selfish

6. compromise

7. matters

8. opponent 9. influence 10. effort 11. shortcuts 12. evidence

6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary. 1. work at 2. According to 3. run through 4. in sight 5. live with 6. a variety of

7. When it comes to 8. live up to

10. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Take Michael Jordan, it’s easy for people to see his achievements while neglect the price of blood and sweat that he has paid on the court in order to come out on top.

2. Right in the first English class, our teacher conveyed a clear message to us: as the basic building blocks of the language, new words must be memorized; any other shortcut is fool’s gold.

3. Thousands of Chinese laborers contributed greatly to the construction of America’s first transcontinental railroad, and their intense efforts deserve a page in American history.

4. When it comes to training, the coach has no problem living with all sorts of complaints of the players but he never compromises with any of them.

5. Traditional ethics seem especially important in some situations where the margin between right and wrong is as thin as an eggshell.

6. As competition intensifies, our opponents and we are all working hard to live up to higher service standards.

Unit 3

5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.

1. withdraw

2. opposite

3. consult

4. seeking

5. chief

6. frustrated

7. gather

8. suggestions 9. numerous 10. crucial 11. approval 12. yield

6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary. 1. give up on 2. kicked out 3. at the end of my rope 4. count…out 5. provide…with

6. that is

7. on the brink of

8. moved forward

10. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. The health report stresses the importance of fresh fruit and vegetables in our diet.

2. I spent a whole week gathering the courage to say no to their request.

3. These journeys made him realize to the fullest extent that many of the world’s species were on the brink of extinction.

4. Approval of the patient’s family should be sought before doctors carry out such operations.

5. Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.

6. We gave up on the missing mountain climber after he had been missing for two weeks.

Unit 4

5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.

1. mankind

2. determination

3. burden

4. define

5. financial

6. resources

7. research 8. cure 9. evil 10. hardship 11. suicide 12. suffered

6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary.

1. broke down

2. took…for granted

3. look…in the eye

4. couldn’t help but respect him

5. crying over

6. no doubt

7. dressing up

8. slipped into

9. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. He was no doubt a great hero so people couldn’t help but cry over his death.

2. The actor used his celebrity status to fund research that might someday yield a cure for AIDS.

3. The disabled man once considered suicide to relieve his family of the heavy burden.

4. Children dress up as Superman to capture adult s’ attention.

5. It wasn’t until I matured that I realized I shouldn’t be afraid to look adversity and hardship in the eye.

6. He could have easily stayed at home, for he had plenty of financial resources to keep him from worrying about medical bills.

14.Writing:以下范例2选1.

Dear Sir,

I have seen your advertisement in today’s The Independent, and am interested in your 7-day tour to South Africa. I would like to receive full details of these tours at your earliest convenience. Yours faithfully,

Wu Jiang

Dear Ms. Smith:

I am applying for the position of executive secretary. / I am interested in the position as an executive secretary. I feel that my academic background and my work experience qualify me for this position.

I am presently a senior student at Shenyang Business College, majoring in public relations. I have been the secretary of the student union at college in the past three years. I enclose my resume, giving details of my background. If you have any questions or need more information, please call me at (024) 87654321.

Sincerely,

Wu Yan

Enc.

5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.

1. discharged

2. anger

3. latter

4. relationship

5. engaged

6. backgrounds

7. miserable 8. invitation 9. match 10. folded 11. overseas 12. propose

6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary. 1. broke down 2. from time to time 3. From the very beginning 4. knocked down

5. agreed to

6. talk…round

7. due to

8. give in

9. in silence 10. go abroad

10. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. I just received an email in which Jessica expressed her regret of ending the relationship with her beloved boyfriend.

2. She broke down at the loss of her family, and the impact of this miserable incident remained for the rest of her life.

3. Both my parents object to my going abroad to further my studies. I wonder if I should give in or try to talk them round.

4. Edgar was not good with words, so whenever Jessica vented her anger on him, he only endured it in silence.

5. The cheerful background music matches his mood very well, for he’s just got engaged to his beloved girlfriend.

6. From time to time the system would utter a piercing noise indicating its inability to run properly.

Unit 6

5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.

1. rejected

2. properly

3. judgment

4. employer

5. lack

6. feedback

7. qualified

8. suitable 9. candidate 10. confident 11. potential 12. punctual

6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary. 1. cope with 2. miss out 3. applied for 4. keep…in mind 5. for a bit 6. reflecting on

7. fill out 8. get back 9. a variety of 10. To our amazement

10. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Sometimes even if you are totally qualified for the job, you may still be rejected.

2. You should learn to cope with difficult situation. And even more important, don’t look to others for help.

3. To my shock/amazement, he was not only involved in a variety of extracurricular activities but also had applied for a part-time job.

4. Keep in mind that one more failure is one step closer to success.

5. Don’t dwell on the reasons that are out of your control, because this job doesn’t entirely suit you and your chances are slim.

6. Although you may not always like to hear negative feedback, whatever you do, don’t burn your bridges.

5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.

1. tuition

2. anxiety

3. horrors

4. switched

5. quarter

6. steady

7. roughly

8. prospects 9. disorder 10. represent 11. apparent 12. population

6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary. 1. were booked up 2. not getting anywhere 3. ups and downs 4. burst out 5. get along with 6. broke up with

7. in advance

8. had no choice

9. In spite of 10. take your own life

10. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. The students who seek psychological counseling represent only the tip of the iceberg. Most students endure the stress in silence.

2. The horror movie overwhelmed him so much that he began to suffer from a sleeping disorder, even insomnia.

3. Lisa had always been a straight-A student until her junior year, when she had to hold down two part-time jobs to pay her tuition.

4. In spite of the result of the aptitude test, John decided to switch his major from accounting to psychology.

5. He would rather remain a sales clerk, apparently because he prefers a steady life to a life full of ups and downs.

6. The computer has broken down on more than one occasion. Isn’t that enough for professional help?

Unit 8

5. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.

1. chemical

2. soil

3. disturb

4. mixture

5. substance

6. ruin

7. consumers

8. stable

9. pollution 10. supplies 11. decay 12. main

6. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the forms where necessary. 1. leaked out 2. due to 3. are known as 4. depend on 5. giving off 6. make up

7. live on 8. have used up

10. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. With the construction of the nuclear power plant, this city now doesn’t have to worry about its own electricity supply. Instead, it can supply electricity to other cities nearby.

2. These vegetables do not decay when kept at a relatively stable low temperature.

3. This city is known as the financial center of the country. The development of its economy depends heavily on banking and foreign trade.

4. This plant only lives on the top of certain high mountains and gives off a very sweet smell in spring.

5. The main cause of this area’s water pollution is the chemical substance that leaks out of a paper mill by the river bank.

6. This kind of litter is made up of a mixture of chemical waste. It has poisoned the soil, ruining it completely.

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《采薇》课后练习 1、诗的前三节主要表现了什么情感？它通过什么方式表现出来的？这样表现有什么好处？诗的前三节主要表现了士兵因久在前线而思念家乡的情绪；这种情绪是通过采摘不同季节的薇这一活动烘托出来的；由于采薇时间的持久性和连续性，让人感到士兵无时无刻不被思念家乡的痛苦折磨着，从而使全诗的思想感情得到了强化。 2、当兵服役、保家卫国是一个人对国家义不容辞的责任和义务，它既让人感到神圣和自豪，但同时又让人承受巨大的痛苦折磨，甚至要付出高昂的生命代价。试结合《采薇》这首诗的学习，谈谈你对这一问题的认识和看法。《采薇》中表现了士兵对敌人入侵使自己不能安居乐业强烈不满，体现了大敌当前、国家民族利益高于一切，个人与国家同仇敌忾的爱国主义思想感情，这一点值得我们仔细体会学习。国家民族危难之际，无论何时，无论何人，都应把国家利益放在第一位，随时随地接受国家的召唤。当兵服役，保家卫国，这是一个人对国家义不容辞的责任和义务，每个人都应为此感到神圣和骄傲。另一方面，战争又是残酷的，参加战争的人要承受巨大的痛苦折磨，甚至要付出高昂的生命代价，这一点在《采薇》中也有深刻的反映。这一点既让我们在心理上对战争的本质有清醒的认识，更激励我们努力争取和珍惜和平的好时光。 3、“昔我往矣，杨柳依依。今我来思，雨雪霏霏”这四句为什么会成为千古名句？分析这四句诗的抒情特点。 1、原因主要有：①用生动的形象写出了丰富的内容和复杂的感情。②把多种修辞手法成功熔在一起：⑴对仗工整；⑵叠字（依依、霏霏）形象生动；⑶借代（用杨柳依依代指春天，雨雪霏霏代指冬天）准确而形象⑷对比（阳春与寒冬）鲜明。③文字雅俗共赏。这四句诗里含有两个典型画面，一是春天里微风轻吹，柳枝飘拂的画面，一是寒冬时节雪花纷飞的画面，抒情主人公的感情就蕴涵在这两个画面中，而没有明说出来。这样，以景写情，情景交融，显得既富于形象性，又含而不露，耐人寻味，给读者的欣赏活动创造了很大的空间。清人王夫之在《姜斋诗话》里这样评价这四句诗：“以乐景写哀，以哀景写乐，一倍增其哀乐。”也就是说当初离家出征的时候，心里是悲伤的，却用杨柳春风这样的明媚春光来反衬；如今走在回家的路上，心里是高兴的，却用大雪纷飞这样的严寒景象来反衬。王夫之认为走在回乡路上的士卒心里是“乐”的，这种理解未必正确。这位士卒一直非常牵挂家里，心里非常痛苦，当他终于能够结束服役回家的时候，他的心里不只是单纯的高兴，而是百感交集。他希望马上能回到家中，与家人团聚，而同时又会不由自主地担心家里发生什么不好的事情，因为自己离开家已经很久了。因此，从这个角度看，“杨柳依依”和“雨雪霏霏”的对比给他一种不胜今昔之感，正符合此时他复杂的感情。 2、这四句诗通过融情入景和对比的方法，把感情表达得更深刻、形象、含蓄。其中2、4两句分写乐和哀，分别拟喻国家的和平安宁与破败纷乱，两相对比，足见主人公前后感情心理变化之大，以及战争给国家带来的灾难；1、3两句，前句当哀不哀，强化了战士的参战心情和决心，后句当乐不乐，强化了战争对国家和人民的摧残。 4、解释下列各句中加点的字，注意这些字的用法： 1.曰归曰归，岁亦莫．止。读mò,同“暮”,一年将尽的意思。 2.我心伤悲，莫．知我哀。没有谁。 3.今我来思，雨．雪霏霏。读yù，下，降落，用作动词。 4.行道迟迟，载．渴载饥。又……又……。 5.忧心孔．疚，我行不来。很、甚。 6.我戍未定，靡．使归聘。无，没有。《山鬼》思考练习题 1、屈原为什么会受到全世界人民的尊敬？谈谈你对屈原的认识和了解。屈原是中国古代最伟大的爱国志士和诗人，他崇高无私的爱国精神受到了全世界人民的尊敬，每年五月端午这一天，许多国家和民族包棕子、划龙船，以纪念这位伟大的爱国诗人。作为一位卓有才华的政治家和诗人，无论国家怎样对待他，无论自己的处境多么艰难，他都一心一意热爱着自己的祖国，决不向黑暗邪恶低头妥协，宁死不肯离开自己的祖国，并用诗歌将自己的心声记录下来，让千秋万代的人们感受他的思想和情感，这就是屈原为什么受到全世界人民尊敬的原因。 2、山鬼是一个怎样的形象？分析诗中山鬼感情变化的轨迹？诗中的山鬼是一个美丽痴情的女子形象，她怀着对爱情的美好愿望，精心打扮准备，在凄风苦雨中痴痴等待自己的爱人，为此承受了巨大的喜悦和痛苦。作者屈原通过塑造这一形象，表现了人类对美好爱情的热烈追求和忠贞态度，也寄托着自己虽遭流放而心中依然苦苦思念关心楚国、楚王的高尚爱国热情。诗中第一节，山鬼在赴约途中的感情是喜悦、兴奋的；第二节，随着等待时间的不断延迟，天空黑暗下来，天上刮起了风、下起了雨，这时山鬼的心情也变得暗淡下来，发出了岁月不饶人的感慨；第三节，山鬼一方面对自己的纯洁和忠贞行为感到自豪，对对方迟迟不至的行为自我宽解，但另一方面，随着时间的不断迁移，她渐渐开始对自己的宽解产生了怀疑，这种怀疑伴随着雷电和暴风雨的加强逐渐加深，最终使她陷入了因爱人迟迟不来而带来的极度孤独和忧愁中。诗人通过山鬼从兴奋到忧愁这一心理过程的变化，真实反映了爱情给人带来的缠绵、痛苦和折磨。 3、将这首诗与《诗经·采薇》对照，结合过去学过的其他作品，说说屈原的诗歌和《诗经》有什么不同。主要表现在：《诗经》侧重于写实，重章叠句突出，语言朴素，民歌色彩很强，句式是以四言为主；而屈原的诗歌则侧重于表现理想，抒情性更强，语言富有变化和文采，句式则是每句七个字，且每句都有一个语气词“兮”字等。 4、、注意下面句子中加点字的意思及用法：（1）若有人兮山之阿，被薜荔兮带女萝。被：同“披”。

大学物理学(第三版)课后习题参考答案

习题1 1.1选择题 (1) 一运动质点在某瞬时位于矢径),(y x r 的端点处，其速度大小为 (A)dt dr (B)dt r d (C)dt r d | | (D) 22)()(dt dy dt dx [答案：D] (2) 一质点作直线运动，某时刻的瞬时速度s m v /2 ，瞬时加速度2 /2s m a ，则一秒钟后质点的速度 (A)等于零 (B)等于-2m/s (C)等于2m/s (D)不能确定。 [答案：D] (3) 一质点沿半径为R 的圆周作匀速率运动，每t 秒转一圈，在2t 时间间隔中，其平均速度大小和平均速率大小分别为 (A) t R t R 2, 2 (B) t R 2,0 (C) 0,0 (D) 0,2t R [答案：B] 1.2填空题 (1) 一质点，以1 s m 的匀速率作半径为5m 的圆周运动，则该质点在5s 内，位移的大小是；经过的路程是。 [答案： 10m ； 5πm] (2) 一质点沿x 方向运动，其加速度随时间的变化关系为a=3+2t (SI)，如果初始时刻质点的速度v 0为5m·s -1，则当t 为3s 时，质点的速度v= 。 [答案： 23m·s -1 ] (3) 轮船在水上以相对于水的速度1V 航行，水流速度为2V ，一人相对于甲板以速度3V 行走。如人相对于岸静止，则1V 、2V 和3V 的关系是。 [答案： 0321 V V V ]

1.3 一个物体能否被看作质点，你认为主要由以下三个因素中哪个因素决定： (1) 物体的大小和形状； (2) 物体的内部结构； (3) 所研究问题的性质。解：只有当物体的尺寸远小于其运动范围时才可忽略其大小的影响，因此主要由所研究问题的性质决定。 1.4 下面几个质点运动学方程，哪个是匀变速直线运动？（1）x=4t-3；（2）x=-4t 3+3t 2+6；（3）x=-2t 2+8t+4；（4）x=2/t 2-4/t 。给出这个匀变速直线运动在t=3s 时的速度和加速度，并说明该时刻运动是加速的还是减速的。（x 单位为m ，t 单位为s ）解：匀变速直线运动即加速度为不等于零的常数时的运动。加速度又是位移对时间的两阶导数。于是可得（3）为匀变速直线运动。其速度和加速度表达式分别为 2 2484 dx v t dt d x a dt t=3s 时的速度和加速度分别为v =20m/s ，a =4m/s 2。因加速度为正所以是加速的。 1.5 在以下几种运动中，质点的切向加速度、法向加速度以及加速度哪些为零哪些不为零？ (1) 匀速直线运动；(2) 匀速曲线运动；(3) 变速直线运动；(4) 变速曲线运动。解：(1) 质点作匀速直线运动时，其切向加速度、法向加速度及加速度均为零； (2) 质点作匀速曲线运动时，其切向加速度为零，法向加速度和加速度均不为零； (3) 质点作变速直线运动时，其法向加速度为零，切向加速度和加速度均不为零； (4) 质点作变速曲线运动时，其切向加速度、法向加速度及加速度均不为零。 1.6 ｜r ｜与r 有无不同?t d d r 和d d r t 有无不同? t d d v 和t d d v 有无不同?其不同在哪里?试举例说明．解：（1）r 是位移的模， r 是位矢的模的增量，即r 12r r ，12r r r ；（2） t d d r 是速度的模，即t d d r v t s d d . t r d d 只是速度在径向上的分量. ∵有r r ?r （式中r ?叫做单位矢），则 t ?r ?t r t d d d d d d r r r 式中 t r d d 就是速度在径向上的分量，

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