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浅析英语新闻标题的特点及其汉译策略

中文题目:浅析英语新闻标题的特点及其汉译策略

英文题目: A Study on Features and Translation of English News Headlines

Contents

Abstract(in Chinese) (Ⅰ)

Abstract(in English) (Ⅱ)

I. Introduction (1)

II. A Brief Introduction on News Headlines (3)

2.1 The definition of news headlines (3)

2.2 The functions of news headlines (3)

2.3 The classification of news headlines (4)

III. The Features of English News Headlines (5)

3.1 Lexical features of English news headlines (5)

3.1.1 Preference for short words (5)

3.1.2 Wide use of abbreviations (6)

3.1.3 Flexible use of journalistic coinages (7)

3.1.4 Flexible use of vogue words (7)

3.1.5 Emotive words (8)

3.2 Grammatical features of English news headlines (8)

3.2.1 Omission (9)

3.2.2Tense (10)

3.2.3 Voice (10)

3.2.4 Punctuation (11)

3.3 Rhetorical features of English news headlines (11)

IV. The Techniques of Translating English News Headlines (13)

4.1 Literal translation (13)

4.2 Balance translation (13)

4.2.1 Adding words (14)

4.2.2 Cutting words (14)

4.2.3 Applying famous sayings and poem lines of English and Chinese (15)

4.3 Adding connotations in the translation (15)

4.4 Application of the original rhetoric into translation (16)

4.5 Application of slangs and proverbs (17)

V. Conclusion (18)

Works Cited (20)

Acknowledgements (21)

摘要

本文旨在通过透析英文新闻标题的特点及其汉译特点，来帮助人们更好地理解和欣赏英文新闻标题。英语新闻在中西方交流上起重大作用，作为一条英文新闻的首要部分，英语新闻标题的质量通常决定读者是否会继续读完新闻的整个段落。由于新闻文体的特殊性，英语新闻标题在其长期的发展中形成了独具特色的标题语言。为了翻译好英语标题，翻译工作者不仅要熟知新闻标题的特点，同时还要掌握一定的翻译技巧使英语新闻标题以汉语的形式重现在中国读者面前。本文在吸取前人的研究经验的基础上，结合报纸，媒体等手段，提出自己的观点。本文首先介绍研究的主题及其重要性；其次介绍新闻标题的定义、功能以及分类；再次介绍英文新闻标题的措辞、语法和修辞特点；接着总结英语新闻标题的最佳汉译策略；最后对本研究总结并提出此研究中不足的地方。

关键词：英语新闻标题；特点；汉译策略

Abstract

This paper aims to reveal the features and translation strategies of English news headlines so as to help readers understand and appreciate English news headlines. English news plays a crucial role in the communication between the east and the west. The quality of the article’s headlines mostly decides whether the people would continue to read the whole passage. Due to the special style of news, its headlines have long developed their own unique characteristics. In order to translate the English headlines well, translators are required to grasp the depth of the features of English headlines, and at the same time apply a variety of translation techniques to reappear the original meaning to Chinese readers. This thesis comes up with a new perspective by concluding study results from former distinguished experts and looking into materials from media and books etc. Firstly, this paper focuses on introducing the subject and significance of the study; secondly this paper lays emphasis on the definition, function and classification of news headlines; thirdly, it focuses on the lexical features, grammatical features, rhetorical features and how to use the punctuation in English news headlines; then it focuses on the E-C translation of English news headlines; at last it sums up the core view of the study and puts forward with the insufficiency of the paper.

Key words：English news headlines; Features; E-C translation strategy

A Study on Features and Translation of English news Headlines

Song Dandan

(Faculty of Humanities, Tianjin Agricultural University)

I. Introduction

With the deepening of the opening up, the opportunity for communication between China and the outer world is increasing. To let the whole world get to know China better, a lot of information must be disseminated through the news media. A very real problem confronting people will soon be found is that whether they like or not, an increasing number of English newspapers, radio and television drama are burst into China. “A well known fact is that to learn English better only through reading some text books or some classic writings is far from enough.”(Li Xin 5) English is developing and updating continuously. There is no better means than English newspapers and other media to have a detail record on the changes in English. An easy way to master modern English is through journalistic English. Journalistic English is suitable for the newspapers, broadcasting, television, Internet and other forms of news reports, and is one of the most practical style in modern English, and is one of the criteria of the standard English language as well.

A piece of English news is composed of a headline, a lead and a body. A headline is an integral part of news. The most important function of news headlines is to reveal to the readers the main content of the news with the concise and clear language in order that the readers would get the most information from it with the least time. In most cases, a news headline determines whether this piece of news would be read or passed by the readers. Among all kinds of reports in newspaper, how to attract readers is the main target of the news editors. Editors not only have to appeal the readers with attractive headlines, but also manage to set the headlines into the limited space. In order to achieve these, the news headlines must be brief, accurate and eye-catching. Because of these requirements, English news headlines have formed the unique characteristics.

When reading the pieces of news, the readers not only have to be able to understand the news headlines, but also should develop the ability to appreciate and translate them.

Only then can people get a better and accurate understanding of the vocabulary, grammar and rhetoric used in the headlines, thus get the true meaning. When it comes to the translation of English news headlines, there are three aspects should be taken into consideration. The first is to get an accurate understanding of the headline and appreciate the beauty of the headlines. The second is trying to reflect the features of the headlines and increase the readability. The third is that the translators should pay much attention to the readers’ability to accept the translation of the English news headlines. Besides that, the language used in translation should not be too ordinary or too elegant.

There are similarities and differences between Chinese news headlines and English news headlines. This paper mainly focuses on the main characteristics of English news headlines, including the lexical features, grammatical features and rhetorical features. There are similarities and differences between Chinese news headlines and English news headlines. As for the translation techniques, there are two requirements. The first is general requirement, the other one is the language used in the translation.

II. A Brief Introduction on News Headlines

Where there are people, there is news. Nowadays people are leading a fast-paced life. People are in such a rush in their life that they seldom see through every article; instead, people usually just flit across the paper and only catch a glimpse of the headlines of articles. If the title appeals to them, people will stop to read its content; if not, they will just skip over it to another. So an eye-catching headline is indispensable and vital to a successful news report. As is discussed that news headline plays a crucial and special part of a news report, it is important to know its definition, function and classification.

2.1 The definition of news headlines

When reading a newspaper, one should first read a headline. Then what is a headline? How can people study on the headline if they even do not know what a headline is. So in the following there are different versions of definition of headline. The first is news headline is a head of newspaper story or article, usually printed in large type and devised to summarize, give essential information about, or interest readers in reading the story or article that follows. And there is another definition that a headline is a caption printed at the top of a page or article in a newspaper, usually in large heavy letters and often summarizing the content that follows it.

Then two points can be found that are shared in the most definitions. The first is headline is a jargon of the newspaper. The second is a headline summarizes or makes comments on the news contents that follow. What’s more, headlines are always the most striking point of the total paper, fascinating readers to go through the whole pages.

2.2 The functions of news headlines

As it is known, news stories should carry importance, timeliness, unusualness and interest. As the pace of life is getting faster and faster, everything seems to be bidding for people’s attention, and newspapers are no exceptions. So a headline must lure its readers to spend enough time on the lead, if not the whole story. Even in the same and single newspaper, a better headline is likely to draw more attention to the specific story among those on the same page. “So a headline, if effectively made, must meet three requirements, to capture the essence of the event, to attract readers’ attention and to beautify the page on which it appears.”(Lu Juan 14) Thus can be drawn that the functions of news headlines

contain three parts, the first is to help sell or advertise the news, the second is to summary the whole story, and the third is to facelift the physical appearance of a newspaper.

2.3 The classification of news headlines

If people read newspapers a lot, they will find that there are so many headlines appearing in different forms. A brief classification of news headlines is given in the following. Things will be different when seen from different angles. So it is with news headline classification. On different bases, news headline can be divided into different categories. According to the nature of headlines, it can be divided into straight headlines, question headlines, quotation headlines and feature headlines. Headline may have three parts; namely, the kicker, the main head and the deck. So according to the forms of headlines, it can be divided into single-deck headlines and multi-deck headlines.

III. The Features of English News Headlines

A Chinese usually can not catch a clear meaning of English news headlines or even feel in a loss if it is the first time to read English news. It is because English news headlines possess unique characteristics.

3.1 Lexical features of English news headlines

“According to the role of the headline itself, also in order to meet the request of the time, editors always strive to indicate the main idea with limited words.”(Xie Yujie 71)On this account, the chosen words must be succinct, exoteric and simple.

3.1.1 Preference for short words

“Less word, less space and more information is one of the principles of English news headlines.”(Zhang Jian 5) English news paper headlines often use short, accurate and vivid words instead of vague and abstract words. On one hand, these easily understandable words can increase the readability of the headline; on the other hand, they can reduce the space. With the purpose of nice and balance, editors use words with fewer syllables but with more extensive meaning. Such as “abandon” is not usually used in the news headlines. Instead “drop, give up, quit, skip or yield” were chosen. Another example is blast, crash, ram or smash is usually take the place of explode. There are some instances of news headlines containing this feature.

(4) US refuse to back environment fund. Back in this news means support.

(5) Easing traffic tops Beijing work agenda. Top here means easing traffic was made the first place in Beijing work agenda.

(6) A Top Libyan Official Appears to Defect, as Rebels Defend Recent Gains. Top here means senior.

It has been lasting several years to use short words in news headlines. It is the outstanding characteristic of using very short words in headlines. Many of the vocabularies in headlines are Anglo-Saxon words which are oral, simple, plain and lively. What’s more, they have been accepted by the public. Here are some examples of verbs usually used in English news headlines: aid = help/ assist, alter = change, ban = prohibit/ forbid, foil = prevent from, lop = diminish, map = work out, moot = discuss and so on.

“Besides, short nouns with few letters are often found in English news headlines.”(Lv

Yingna 214) For example, “accord” usually takes the place of “agreement”, “aim” is used to replace “purpose”. Here is a collection of nouns usually used in English news headlines. Ace = champion, aid- = assistance, arms = weapons, body = committee/ commission, clash = controversy, cool = uninterested, cop = policeman, deal = agreement, down = decrease, drive = campaign, envoy = ambassador, fete = celebration, firm = company, flop = failure, jobless = unemployment, man = representative, mart = market, nod = approval and so on.

3.1.2 Wide use of abbreviations

English news headlines must have the power to attract readers and indicate the main idea of the whole news, so editors pay much emphasis on concise. “As the column in the newspaper is narrow, choosing a long word is offensive to the eye. For this reason, abbreviations are largely used in English news headlines.”(Xu Wenmei 52)There are two kinds of abbreviations. “One is known as acronym, which means a proper noun that is constituted of two or more words and is extracted from the first letter of these nouns.”(Zhang Jian 6) The first letters from every word of the proper noun must be capitalized, which is used to take the place of the long and tedious words or phrases. In such way, the number of the words of the news headline can be cut down. In general, there are 3 kinds of acronym frequently seen in the papers. The first one is abbreviations for organizations and institutes, such as, UNESCO means United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, CPPCC means Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. The second is for common things, for example, IELTS means International English Language Testing System, AIDS means acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The third is for occupations, posts and titles of posts, such as, DINKS means double income, no kids, and CEO means Chief Executive Officer.

The other one is shortened words. It means shorten words by cutting the “head” or the “tail”, which is extracting a noun’s prefix or suffix with the same principle of cutting down the number of words to save space. As commonly used, these words can be understood by readers at the first sight. The ways of shortening words are like this, firstly, eliminate the head, such as ad is equal to advertisement, uni means university, mod means modern. Secondly, eliminate the tail, for example, cello means violoncello, chute means parachute. Thirdly, keep the middle part, for example, flu means influenza. Fourthly, eliminate the

middle part, for example, nat means nationalist. The last way is irregular cutting, such as bike means bicycle, mike is come from microphone, bookie means bookmaker.

3.1.3 Flexible use of journalistic coinages

“The vitality of English news language lies in “new”. The modern world is changing rapidly, so new social phenomenon, new ideology and new invents are all needed new words to name them.”(Gao Wen 70) These new objects burst into news firstly. News is to broaden our horizon and help people keep pace with times and spread all the new things. Language is continuously developing and thousands of new words may be showed in the newspaper or other media. They are reflected in the English news headlines firstly.

Combining two or more words into a new word makes a compound word. With the advantages of vivid expression and extraordinary formation, these new words are so popular in news headlines, hence to be called “journalistic coinages”, which are also called “once words”. In choosing words, English news language possesses obvious spirit of originality, which makes tremendous influence to the development of English. The emergence of these new words was accompanied with specific political, economic and social environment. Therefore, with obvious sociality, these journalistic coinages can be understood only through the clues in the news’ body. These coinages are usually created by omitting several syllables among them, connecting them into one coherently. Such as smog = smoke + fog, newscast = news + broadcast, atobomb = atom + bomb, cinemanufacturer = cinema manufacturer, fruice = fruit + juice, slanguage = slang language. An English news headline goes like this, “Obama must use Reaganomics to save economy”, the word “Reaganomics”means Reagan Economics. By using coinages, authors cannot only save space, but also can add pleasure and novelty to the headlines.

3.1.4 Flexible use of vogue words

News reporters keep a close contact with social development and people’s daily life, each new thing, new phenomenon and new perspective usually appeared in the news media firstly, and then transmitted to the public. The vogue words’ appearance is based on these new objects. In headlines, there exist lots of vogue words which reflect the developing trace of the society and can be divided into two categories. One is old words with novel

meanings. These kinds of words have already been endowed with new connotation, which may be sharply different from the existing meaning. For example, “clone”means “an individual organism or cell so produced” and then it extended to be “copy”; the original meaning of “bug” is “a small insect”, but now it refers to “an error in a computer program or system”. Another one is vogue words. With the development of Internet, a great deal of new words about Internet and computer appeared. These words are usually composed of newly emerged prefixes and other words, such as e-, cyber-, web-, and techno-. For example,，cyberspeak(网络用语), webmaster(网络用户)，netizen（网民），bio-safety(生物安全)，techno-millionaire(高科技百万富翁).

3.1.5 Emotive words

It is widely believed that the objectivity is one of the basic principles of the news reports. Absolute objectivity, however, does not exist in the news reports. For news reporters, it is not easy to conceal their potential views and attitudes. Their viewpoint may be manifested in other forms indirectly. What’s more, no matter news agency, newspaper or reporters, they all have their own political, economic, social and cultural background; they tend to serve for their country, nation and social strata. Even from the same country or same social strata, editors’ reports inevitably have their own emotion because of different characters, different educational backgrounds and different experiences. Moreover, the purpose of news report is not only to make readers get the idea of the whole article, but more important is to attract readers and influence them. Thus with emotive words in news can better cause readers’resonance, here are some examples of this kind: “Hussein and Mobs Virtually Empty Iraq’s Prisons”. The news’content is about the decision of acclaiming crimes made by former Iraqi president Saddam Hussein. So it should be “the prisoners emptied the prison”. But the editor used the word “mob”, which alluded that Saddam’s decision was wrong. The reporter from the New York Times even bracketed Saddam and mob together in this headline. Mob in English is a derogatory term. The reporter of this piece of news is not objective, because he is American and certainly on American’s side.

3.2 Grammatical features of English news headlines

English news headlines are required to be concise, not confined to normal pattern, taking the least length to convey as much information as possible. “To meet requirements, editors sometimes have to break the traditional grammatical rules and form title’s unique characteristics.”(Xu Wenmei 52) From the grammatical point of view, English news headlines have a set of unique grammar, which is different from the common grammar. English news scholars term it headlines.

3.2.1 Omission

Omission is one of the most pervasive and most vital traits in news headlines. The original title is a complete sentence, but in order to play a concise effect and highlight the key messages, the editors often delete some grammatical items or words, especially function words. What the readers can see most commonly are the omissions of articles, linking verbs, auxiliary verbs and conjunctions.

Article is a kind of function word. As the most typical qualifier, it cannot be used independently, and can only be attached to a noun to help explain the meaning of the term. For example,

(7) Top Pakistan judge dismissed after refusing to take oath. The original sentence is a top Pakistan judge dismissed after refusing to take oath.

There is no doubt that “be”and auxiliary verbs play important roles in English sentences, which make up the foundation of various forms and usages of English. However, they have no practical meanings, and for the requirement of being concise, they are cut out in most cases. Such as,

(8) Shoppers becoming smarter. The original sentence is shoppers are becoming smarter. This news is about Chinese shoppers have become far smarter than their western counterparts at checking product information online before taking the plunge.

(9) China’s economic planner confident in economy. The original sentence is China’s economic planner is confident in economy.

A Conjunction is an uninflected function word that serves to conjoin words or phrases or clauses or sentences. It is also a kind of function word. Pronoun is function words that are used to replace a noun or noun phrase. Both of them make no sense to the sentence. So

they can be cut out of the headlines. A comma usually instead of a conjunction after the conjunction was cut. Such as, “US, Vietnam resume talks.” The original sentence should be US and Vietnam resumes talks. As for the cutting out of pronoun, here is an example, “Irish group kills ex-chief.” It should be Irish group kills its ex-chief.

It is common to find article, conjunction, pronoun and some grammatical items and so forth. This is mainly for two reasons. The first is for the integrity of some certain idioms and phases. The second is for beautifying the form of headlines by filling blanks.

3.2.2Tense

It is known that verbs have a tense change in English and so does English headlines. However, English headlines are supposed to be concise so that editors can not take all forms of tenses into news. So English news headlines have developed their own special features of tense to be able to convey the exact meaning of news vividly and convey a sense of timing by using verbs. There are three tenses that are frequently used in English news headlines, present tense, future tense and present continuous tense.

Typically, the news media reported are things mostly have occurred. However, the editor will choose the present tense in the title to not only save space, but also to enhance freshness and immediacy. Here is an example to support it:

(10)Venezuela’s Hugo Chavez dies from cancer: VP

The original headline should be “Vice-president announced that Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez died from cancer in a military hospital in Caracas.

As for the news which is happening, the editors will choose the present continuous tense. However, the auxiliary verb “be” is often omitted. So, it is often to see the form of present participle to indicate the present continuous tense. For example:

(11) Beijing revising housing rules.

Referring to the future, the structure “be + to do”is much more preferred than the structure “will + do”in headlines, and the auxiliary verb “be”is omitted to save space. Hence, infinitive in news headlines can reflect the future actions. Examples are as follows:

(12) China to double wind power generation capacity.

(13) Employers ready to pay fines in battle over Obama healthcare la w.

3.2.3 Voice

People who extensively read English newspapers or journals may notice that the

active voice is used more frequently than the passive voice. From the perspective of rhetoric, the active is more colorful and appealing, and the meaning it expressed is more forward and powerful. Here is an example:

(14)Women make better business decisions than men.

Researchers have found that women’s abilities to make fair decisions when competing interests are at stake make them better corporate leaders. It is easy to see that this news’main character is women, so active voice here expresses the main idea more direct and powerful than passive voice.

Passive voice is used when the receiver of an action is more important than the performer. It aims to attract readers. However, the auxiliary “be” is omitted and only the past participle remains. Here is an example:

(15) Baby killed by Jilin SUV thief.

This headline used passive voice. The aim is to highlight the victim is an baby, and to catch people’s eye.

3.2.4 Punctuation

People can rarely find punctuation in headlines. Punctuation only appear in the headlines for two reasons. Firstly, they are used to save space. Secondly, they can arouse readers’attention or curiosity. There are much punctuation used in headlines, such as comma, colon, parentheses, quotation marks and so forth. Here are some examples:

(16) Boy, 14, killed in protests.

The headline used comma. Comma is absolutely the most familiar punctuation. Apart its basic function of small stops in a sentence, it’s mainly used to replace the conjunctions such as and, but and so on, and also can save space.

(17) South Africa: over 25% of schoolgirls HIV positive.

(18) Don’t panic, mitt Romney!

3.3 Rhetorical features of English news headlines

News must be universally absorbing and intriguing. And both vividness and humor are also the primary features of the headline. In order to achieve those effects, journalists often employ some techniques to add flavor to the language of the headline. Rhetoric happens to

be an important means to achieve this goal. English news always adopts various rhetorical ways. Such as metaphor and simile, personification, parody, pun, irony, alliteration and so on. Here are some examples in headlines which used rhetoric.

(19) Another Bubble Burst. This time in the tea market.

This news used alliteration. The repetition of the initial sound makes sentences lively and fluently, which enhances the poetic sense of the news headline, which calls readers’attention and memory.

(20) U.S. regulator’s Russian roulette.

This news used metaphor. Russian roulette is a potentially lethal game of chance in which participants place a single round in a revolver, spin the cylinder, place the muzzle against their head and pull the trigger. So the reporter uses Russian roulette to describe a very dangerous situation.

(21) Courage knows no gender.

This headline used personification. It makes the headline more vivid and attractive, and also enhances the readability.

IV. The Techniques of Translating English News Headlines

It is well known that translation is at the first sight a change of language forms. Translating English news headlines requires translators not only to translate one language to another, but also gain a collection of knowledge covering the history of English countries, their cultures and background. News headline is a newspaper jargon, therefore, it must be characterized by its journalistic particularity. Besides, what people read newspaper for is to try to know news from all over the world so that they can know more of the outer countries on the earth. So, it is a bridge for mutual understanding, but how can people succeed in the communication? It needs translation.

4.1 Literal translation

“If the expression of the English headlines is similar to the expression of it in Chinese, and its significance is clear, it is better to choose literal translation.”(Liu Chunzhi 89) In this way, the translation will not confuse the readers. Literal translation can not only keep the style of the original news, but also can express the meaning. As it is mentioned before, women make better business decisions than men. It is translated into 女性更善于做决策。This piece of news chooses literal translation to better indicate the main idea. The translation is easy to be understood and make Chinese readers feel amiable. And another example which was mentioned before is UK’s oldest person dies at 115. Its translation is英国第一寿星谢世，享年115岁.The translation used literal translation to make it clear and familiar to readers. The literal translation gives an impression of nature and fluency. Here are some examples of this kind:

(22) Employment-oriented college policy draws concern.

以就业为导向的大学政策引发关注

(23) More Chinese heading to classes overseas.

中国人去国外学习

4.2 Balance translation

Sometimes, translators are caught in the situation where literal translation cannot indicate the exact meaning on account of the rhetorical skills of the differences between the two languages and cultural background. Under the circumstances, appropriate Chinese news headline can be gotten through combing the literal meaning of the English headline

and the content of the news. “The balance translation includes three parts: adding words, cutting words and applying famous sayings and poem lines of English and Chinese.” (Yin Qin 208)

4.2.1 Adding words

The basic feature of the English news headlines is concise and simple, while Chinese news headlines tend to attach importance to literary styles, they lay emphasis on the people got involved in the news, and the place news happened, the identity and nationality of the people and the background. However, English headlines often ignore these details. Therefore, when translating English news headlines, translators usually add some words combined with the characteristics of Chinese to make the translation more understandable and readable. The examples are as follows.

(24) Fresh accusations in China dumping case.

中国企业被指在欧洲倾销产品。

This news is about European solar glass manufacturers have accused their Chinese competitors of dumping. This action opened a new front in an ongoing EU-China trade fight over renewable energy. Adding “欧洲” to show where China was accused.

(25) Older, wiser, calmer.

人愈老，智愈高，心愈平。

This piece of news focus on the aging society, especially the wisdom and calm the retired people showed when they deal with problems. According to Chinese cultural background, add “人”“智”“心”into the translation is more understandable by Chinese people.

4.2.2 Cutting words

Cutting words is the most common way in translating English news headlines. Cut as many articles, interjections, linking verbs, conjunctions as possible in the original headlines to make the translation more concise and simple, and at the same time can highlight the main information. Here is an example.

(26) Employers ready to pay fines in battle over Obama healthcare la w.

美国企业准备抵抗奥巴马医改。

This news is about US companies that employ millions of workers are considering cutting their hours or paying fines rather than enrolling staff in health insurance plans

under Barack Obama’s landmark healthcare law.This news’translation cuts the “pay fines”.

4.2.3 Applying famous sayings and poem lines of English and Chinese

“When translating the English news headlines, the author should use copiously quote authoritative works and poems which are familiar with Chinese people.”(Zhang Zefen 32)It can not only arouse the readers’ intimacy, but also enhance readability. Here are some examples:

(27) Bush daughters reach legal age to drink.

布什双娇初长成，酒巷从此任纵横。

This news is about Bush’s twin daughters were often exposed to be underage alcohol abuse by media. Now they finally reach the legal drinking age, they can have a drink happily.

(28) Over-60s are told: go back to university and retrain.

英国呼吁年逾花甲者回归校园接受培训。

This news is about Britain government appeal people in their sixties should go to university to retrain because they will be expected to work for longer before retirement. 60s here was translated into “年逾花甲者” can make Chinese feel familiar and intimacy.

4.3 Adding connotations in the translation

The English news headlines tend to cater for the needs of readers of their own countries. The expression of English news headlines is different from that of Chinese news headlines because of the different mode of thinking and cultural background between Chinese and English-spoken people. Hence, it is necessary to add some connotations when translating English news headlines to benefit Chinese readers in understanding the exact meaning. Here are some examples.

(29) Beijing acts tough to combat smog.

中国出台严厉的车用油品新标准

This news is about China has announced aggressive new standards for vehicle fuel in an effort to combat air pollution, its first significant response to the heavy smog that has blanketed many Chinese cities this winter.

(30) New Japan recession bodes ill for Noda.

日本再陷衰退首相选情告急

This news is about Japan has entered its fifth recession in 15 years just days before the December 16 election, which is expected to sweep the Democratic Party of Japan and Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda from power.

(31)Asia’s LNG users seek pricing overhaul.

亚洲谋求液化天然气定价权。

With the flow of liquefied natural gas from the US likely to weaken the oil price link of Asian gas prices, the region’s users are calling for more flexible gas pricing. So LNG stands for liquefied natural gas.

4.4 Application of the original rhetoric into translation

To attract readers, editors choose various rhetorical skills as well as concise words, which not only succeed in conveying the subtle information, but also make readers enjoy the beauty of the headlines. Therefore, translators may use the same rhetorical features as the original news headlines to reach the effect of making people get the same feeling when read the translation as read the original ones. As it is mentioned before, courage knows no gender. its translation is “勇气不分男女”. This headline used personification. So the translation also applies for personification to stay the pace with original headline.

Here are some examples.

(32) Ballots, not Bullets.

要和平，不要战争。

This news used rhythm.

(33) Children freed from clutches of crime gangs.

贩卖团伙落网，孩童脱离魔爪。

“Clutches”is a metaphor, so “魔爪” is used in the translation.

(34) Liberty mother of invention.

自由是发明之母。

This headline used parody, “Failure mother of success.”It increased the readability and is more understandable to readers.

(35) After the booms everything is cloom.

繁荣不再萧条即来。

“Boom”and “cloom”are rhyme, and in Chinese, “再”and “来”are also rhyme, it makes readers feel rhythmic.

新闻标题的特点和结构

新闻标题的特点和结构（一）新闻标题的特点一、新闻标题以报告事实为主。新闻标题与通讯标题的最大区别在于是否标出新闻事实。新闻主要是报告新近发生的有意义的事实，简洁明快，一般对事物发展过程不作详述。这就决定新闻标题重在叙事，即使是就实论虚的标题，对必要的事实也应有所说明。二、新闻标题对事实的表述呈现一种动态。标题不仅要报告新闻事实，而且对事实的表述要体现出一定的动态，即告诉读者事情的发生与发展。通讯标题则不一定如此。通讯标题对事实的表达多数呈现的是一种静态。三、新闻标题形式具有多样性。新闻标题除单一式结构之外，还大量采用复合式结构。新闻标题往往是通过主题、引题、副题的配合，向读者报告新闻的内容，指明其性质和意义的。通讯则一般不使用引题，在副题运用上多数只用来说明作者写作本文的对象、意图以及采写的方式。（二）新闻标题的结构新闻标题按其结构来分，有单一式和复合式两种。单一式标题只有主题而无辅题，主题可以是一行题或两行题（又称双主题）。复合式题有主题和辅题，辅题包括引题和副题。引题又名肩题、眉题、上辅题；副题又名子题、下辅题。在复合式标题中，可以同时具有引题和副题，也可以是只有其中的一种。（三）主题、辅题、引题、副题的含义主题是中心。从内容来说，主题说明新闻中最重要的事实和思想，是标题中最主要的部分。从结构来说，主题是标题中最主要的部分，是标题的枢纽，引题和副题都是直接与主题发生关系的。引题是位于主题之前的辅题，主要作用是引出主题。引题文字宜简洁，最好不要超过一行，否则，喧宾夺主，不利于主题的突出。副题位于主题之后，主题不能完全包括或表述的重要内容，往往由副题来承担。副题主要起补充和解释主题的作用。辅题包括引题和副题。引题又名肩题、眉题、上辅题；副题又名子题、下辅题。在复合式标题中，可以同时具有引题和副题，也可以是只有其中的一种。（四）主题与辅题的关系主题是中心。从内容来说，主题说明新闻中最重要的事实和思想，是标题中最主要的部分。从结构来说，主题是标题中最主要的部分，是标题的枢纽，引题和副题都是直接与主题发生关系的。引题引出主题，可以有多种方式。最常见的是，通过交代和说明相关的背景、意义、目的、原因、结果以及具体事实等引出主题。副题对主题起补充和解释的作用。分两类：第一类是主题不写事实，只提出一个论断或疑问，标题要提示的新闻事实，全部写在副题中。第二类是主题已经承担部分叙事任务，副题则补充交代其他事实。（无）安排标题结构应注意的问题一。必须正确体现辅题与主题之间的逻辑关系。主辅题之间存在在着一定的逻辑关系，如因果关系，目的与手段的关系等。制作标题时要注意把这种逻辑关系正确清楚地表现出来。二。主题的分行要自然，便于阅读。

英语新闻标题翻译技巧简析

在国际新闻报道中，英语新闻翻译占了相当大的比重。在英语新闻中，“标题被视作报道全文的缩写”，为了尽量吸引读者，编辑往往运用各种修辞手段，力争使新闻标题更具吸引力。这为英语新闻翻译带来挑战。翻译者需调动各种翻译手段，力争把原标题的意义和风格以汉语形式再现出来。为此，翻译时应兼顾三个方面：准确理解标题意义，尤其是要透过字面理解其深层意义；在不曲解原意的情况下发挥汉语特点，以增强译文可读性；在文化背景缺失的情况下，注意译文的可接受性。一、直译或基本直译新闻标题直译和意译孰是孰非在我国译界争论不休，迄今未有定论。笔者以为，两种译法各有长短，翻译中需视实际情况而定，扬长避短。但无论直译还是意译，都应把忠实于原文内容放在首位。就英语新闻标题翻译而言，笔者以为，如果英语标题的含义明白，译成汉语以后中国读者不至于产生理解上的困难，可考虑采用直译或基本直译。比如： Putin faces harsh press criticism over terror 普京因恐怖事件受媒体严厉批评 Olympics Begin in Style; Swimmer Takes 1st Gold 奥运盛妆开幕泳将喜夺首金 UK soldest person dies at 115 英国第一寿星谢世，享天年百岁又十五以上三则新闻标题属于直译或基本直译，没有洋腔洋调，显得很自然流畅。又如：Ugly Duckling N-Shipat Last GetsHappy Home 丑小鸭核动力船终于找到安乐窝这则新闻讲述的是某国一艘核动力船，因许多国家担心核污染而拒绝让其靠岸，所以只得在海上到处漂泊，历经周折之后最终被获准在一港口停泊。原标题中以调侃的语气将这艘核动力船比喻成安徒生笔下的“an ugly duckling”（丑小鸭），这也是广大中国读者早已熟悉的典故，故译文采用了“拿来主义”的直译手法，读者一看也就明白怎么回事了。二、翻译中添加注释性词语英语报刊的新闻标题往往迎合本国读者的阅读需要，而且由于思维习惯与中国人不同，英语新闻标题的表达方式也与中文有所不同。因此，翻译过程中必须充分考虑到“内外有别”的原则和我国读者的阅读心理，对国人可能不太熟悉的有关信息、文化背景知识以及不符合国内读者阅读习惯的表达方式进行必要的变通，该删则删，该增则增。正如刘宓庆先生在《文体与翻译》中说的：“即使是明白、易懂的新闻标题，我们在汉译时也常需加上逻辑主语，或电讯中有关的人的国籍、事件发生的地点等等，总之必须增补介绍性、注释性词语以利中国读者的理解，避免读者产生误会。”例如： For Beslans children, alegacy of nightmares （俄罗斯：）劫后相逢，别城孩童仍似恶梦中

新闻英语标题翻译语态

新闻英语标题翻译:语态英语新闻标题中的动词表示被动语态时，被动语态结构“be+过去分词”形式中的助动词“be”，通常被省略，也经常不用“by”来引出动作的执行者，剩下的过去分词在标题里就可直接表示被动意义，读者切忌将之误解为该动词的过去式。如： Girl Of 18 Raped After Threat With Bread Knife. (A Girl Of 18 Raped After Threat With A Bread Knife.) 餐刀威逼下，18岁少女遭强暴。 Van Goghs Recovered After Theft. (Van Goghs Are Recovered After The Theft.) 梵高名画窃而复得。 Father Jailed For Murder Of Daughter. (Father Is Jailed For The Murder Of His Daughter.) 谋杀亲生女儿父亲锒铛入狱。其实，读者在广泛接触英语报刊时会发现，新闻标题使用动词主动语态的频率远远超过被动语态。因为从修辞学角度而言，主动语态比被动语态更加生动多彩且富有感染力，所表达的意义更为直接，或更具有说服力，使读者感到真实可信，读来朗朗上口，流利自然。英语新闻标题只有在事件或动作的接受者比执行者更重要时才使用被动语态，突出强调宾语部分，以引起读者注意。这是因为读者读报时的心理状态同看书或查阅资料时的情况不尽相同。人们往往是在就餐时或上班途中、候车、饭后用茶等较空闲时看报的，阅读时思想往往不是完全集中的。只有当他们看到一条特别能引起他们兴趣的标题时，才会把注意力全部集中起来，全神贯注的看下去。因此,英语新闻标题有时为突出动作的承受者通常采用被动语态，目的在于抓住读者的注意力。

英语新闻标题特点

第二讲英语新闻标题特点一、标题的结构主题（headline）+辅题(sub-headline/subhead) 1. 主题：揭示新闻最主要的、读者最关心的核心问题。 2. 辅题： 1）引题：眉题、肩题：突出说明新闻事件的背景、原因、结果、新闻来源等内容。置于主题上方 2）副题：子题、次题：对主题进行补充、解释和印证。置于主题下方例1： Draft Law Business groups say move to ban discrimination on basis of race, gender and disability is bureaucratic threat to free enterprise South Africa National Assembly backs “equality bill” , 2000 Financial Times) 例2： Spent fuel shipments Germany to lift ban on transport of N-waste , 2000 Financial Times)

例3： July 13, 2011 China Daily CNOOC’s new oil spill in Bohai Bay Control system failure at oilfield blamed for third leak since June 例4： March 6-7, 2010 China Daily Pledge to narrow gap welcomed Addressing social divide takes govt priority 二、标题的类型 1. 陈述式例: 1) Girls Die in Blaze 2) Taiwan Recognizes Mainland Currency 2. 设问式例：1)Oil Price to Rise 2) Korea Unity in Five Years 3) Murder on Campus: Can It Be Averted 3. 引语式

新闻英语标题翻译欣赏及汉译

新闻英语标题翻译:欣赏及汉译我们在阅读英语报刊时，不仅要学会看借新闻标题，而且最好还能善于欣赏并翻译新闻标题，惟有如此，我们才能较正确地理解英语新闻标题的词汇、语法及修辞等特点，判断出标题的寓意。欣赏或翻译英语新闻标题时应该兼顾三个方面：准确理解标题，领悟其妙处；适当照顾译文特点，增强可读性；重视读者的接受能力。欣赏或翻译英语新闻标题，对于不太熟悉英语国家历史、文化背景的读者来说，有时并不是很容易的。许多妙不可言的精彩之处，一疏忽就可能从眼皮底下滑过去。因此，这就要求我们平时注意积累，不断熟悉英语国家的历史掌故、文艺作品以及英语的修辞手段等等。一旦真的领会并译出了英语标题中作者苦心营造的深奥内涵，那份喜悦不亚于数学家攻克一道难题。一、直译或基本直译如果英语标题的含义明白、直接，译成汉语以后中国读者不至于产生理解上的困难，则可直译或基本直译。如： Looking Back To Look Ahead. 回首往昔展望未来。 America's Careening Foreign Policy. 摇摆不定的美国对外政策。 Bill Clinton Assumes Office In White House As Us President. 比尔，克林顿入主白宫，就任美国总统。（或译：克林顿入主白宫，新总统始掌大权。） Olympics Begin In Style; Swimmer Takes 1st Gold. 奥运会隆重开幕泳将夺首枚金牌。

二、添加注释性词语即使是明白易懂的新闻标题，我们在汉译时也常需酌情加上逻辑主语，或新闻人物的国籍、消息的事发地点等等。总之，应兼顾中英语新闻标题之异同，适当增补有关介绍性、注释性词语以利读者理解，避免产生误会。例如： Li Elected Cppcc Head. 李（瑞环）当选为全国政协主席。 Lewis, Xie Voted World's Top Two. 路（易斯）谢（军）当选世界最佳男女（运动员）。 Emperor's Visit A Milestone In Bilateral Ties. 天皇访华：（中日）双边关系的里程碑。 Quake Death Toll Tops 5000. （日本限神地区）地震死亡人数己逾五千。 Young Wheelers, Big Dealers. 青年摩托车手成了（保险公司）大主顾。三、体现原文修辞特点如果英语标题寓意于某种修辞手段，如双关、比喻、押韵等，译成汉语以后中国读者不至于产生理解上的困难，则应尽可能体现原标题的修辞特色。如：押韵：After The Boom Everything Is Gloom.

网络新闻标题的特点及制作技巧

北仑新闻网学习材料一网络新闻标题的特点及制作技巧新闻界有句行话：“标题是新闻的眼睛”，在高度信息化的今日社会，正极大地改变着人们接受新闻信息的阅听方式，“看新闻看题”“5秒效应”的提法都印证了新闻标题日益突出的作用。一个好的网络新闻标题，应该力争在开头就能够一下抓住读者，进而引导他完成整个阅读过程。”因此，我们可以毫不夸张地说:网络新闻的竞争，很大程度上取决于网络新闻标题的竞争。一、单行化：单一型标题为主这不同于报纸的标题多用多层标题，有主题、引题、副题等多种标题形式互相配合使用。网络新闻标题往往是单行的，最多字数也会有所限制，一般要求在最短的文字内，既要高度浓缩消息的主要内容，提供尽可能多的信息，又要具有较强的艺术感染力和吸引力。一般而言，网络新闻标题字数以10到20个字数为宜，上下句最好能以空白或标点分开，并控制在7到10个字组成一段文字，如：”五粮液调查未了生诉讼基金胜诉概率低”。制作网络新闻标题时，在传统媒体中的的肩标题与副标题都要融于网络新闻的单行标题中，做到最大化的吸引网民。这对编辑的概括、归纳能力提出了更高的要求。例如：中国煤炭报的一篇新闻，主标题：”风雨之中不言弃，同甘共苦渡难关”，副标题：”矿嫂朱群照顾患病丈夫的故事”，这篇新闻如被网站转载，就必须对标题进行修改，按照网络新闻标题的特点，可以改为单行标题：”矿嫂朱群历经风雨照顾患病丈夫5年”。二、实题化：网络新闻标题以实题为主网络新闻标题一定要抓住受众心理,选好角度,突出新闻事实中的几个新闻要素，通过恰当组合，捉住“新闻眼”，来吸引受众点击。新闻要素：它们概括为“6W”，即：谁（Who）、何时（When）、何地（Where）、何事（What）为何（Why）、结果如何（How），换一种说法就是人物、时间、地点、经过、原因、结果。如果把这六要素串起来，概括成一句话，就是：某人某时在某地做了某事出现了某种结果。这就决定了网络新闻标题往往是一个完整的句子，或者是主谓结构，或者是主谓宾结构。如：新华网2011年2月15日新闻标题：统计局公布1月国民经济主要数据CPI同比涨4.9% 刘小华被任命为广东湛江市委书记人社部驳"我国行业工资差距全球第一"说法重庆黄昌华等18人涉黑案开审7年内致人1死4伤罗志军任江苏省人大主任李学勇当选江苏省省长华媒关注中央反腐新信号：肃纪换届遏涉外腐败标题要有吸引力，必须在6个要素中寻找一个突破口。到底选取哪一个或哪几个要素需要斟酌，要用最简洁的文字将新闻中最有价值、最生动的内容展示给读者。美国报业大王赫斯特曾经说过，“千万记住，如果你的第一句话不能打动读者，也就没有必要写第二句了。” 网络新闻标题制作中，省略句也是经常使用的，尤其是量词、介词、连词、谓语中心词等，甚至是主语、谓语、宾语被省略的情况也时有发生。例如：生活成本最低10大城市（此为放到首页的标题，点进去之后的标题为：全球生活成本最低的10大城市），这个标题省略了谓语与宾语，按正常语法应该是：xxx等10大城市是生活成本最低的城市。

新闻标题的翻译

随着全球化的发展，中国与世界在政治、经济、文化等各方面的交流日益增多，越来越多的人去关注国际信息。新闻媒体的发展给予我们渠道去关注国际新闻，而英语新闻报道的翻译让我们能更好地掌握国际信息。新闻标题是新闻的重要部分，做好新闻标题的翻译就极为重要。本文介绍了英语新闻标题的一些基本信息，如新闻标题的定义、功能等。同时结合实例，详细分析英语新闻标题在词汇、语法及修辞手法等层面的特点。最后根据英语新闻标题在不同层面的特点提出一些英语新闻标题翻译的原则以及在实际翻译过程中的翻译技巧及方法。 1.中英文新闻标题的总论在信息化时代，新闻是人们生活不可缺少的一部分，新闻标题是新闻内容的高度浓缩，也是吸引读者视线的关键所在，在国际报道中，新闻占了相当大的鼻中隔，而英语新闻更是重中之重，标题被当做英语新闻报道全文的精炼概括，为了吸引读者关注，往往采用各种手法来提升新闻标题的吸引力。同时给新闻标题的翻译带来不少挑战。 1.1标题的定义新闻标题是新闻的眼睛, 也是新闻的重要组成部分。新闻标题是新闻文本对新闻内容加以概括或评价的简短文字。其字号大于正文，作用是划分、组织、揭示、评价新闻内容、吸引读者阅读。按不同的分类标准可以分不同的种类 1.2.中英文标题对比 1.2.1.共同之处 a).它们都是新闻的重要组成部分，是对全部新闻内容的浓缩和提炼，使读者能在短时间内选择新闻，阅读新闻和理解新闻。 b).新闻报道讲究客观公正，但是新闻标题具有明显的政治倾向，媒体编辑往往利用制作标题的机会借题发挥，在概括或浓缩新闻内容的同时，巧妙的融入自己的政治倾向，借以体现媒体的政治方针，宣传自己的政治主张，便于引导舆论。 c).中英文标题在写作方面，都十分的精炼，含义深邃。 1.2.2.差异之处 a).英语新闻相对较长，占字空间较大，所以标题必须十分简单。但中文相对含义比较丰富。

新闻标题特点

修辞五彩缤纷提起修辞，人们一般会认为只在文学作品中运用，其实不然，为了吸引读者，增强新闻标题的美感，可以适当地采用某些修辞手法。需要说明的是，不管采用哪种修辞手法，首先必须准确、规范概括新闻的内容或主旨，在此基础之上运用适当的修辞手法，才可以使文章具有吸引力。下面介绍几种新闻标题常用的修辞手法：比喻。采用比喻的修辞手法，可以使抽象的事物形象化，复杂的事物简单化。对于新闻标题来讲，其直接作用就是可以让读者很好把握新闻的内容和主旨，激发阅读热情。如《人民日报》（2008-5-8）发表了一篇新闻报道，标题是： 5月7日，7500吨海上全回转自航浮吊在上海建成起吊，创下单吊起重世界之最（引题） “蓝鲸”是怎样炼成的（正题）标题中将我国自主研发制造的500吨海上全回转自航浮吊，形象地比喻为庞大无比的蓝鲸，既恰到好处，又流露出抑制不住的自豪感，使阅读者有一种发自内心的愉悦感。对偶。新闻标题中所运用的对偶，就是将两组能够概括新闻内容或主旨的两组文字，并列排列起来，这两组文字具有字数相同，意思又相互关联，结构一致，音节协调的特点，阅读起来节奏明快，朗朗上口。其作用是可以给人以美感，激发阅读欲望。如在《人民日报》（2008-5-18）上发表的一篇新闻报道的标题为：一方有难八方支援（主题）全国各地积极捐款捐物救助四川灾区（副题）主标题中运用了一组对偶句，排列整齐，发音协调，前句是起因，后句是结果，很好地表达了全国人民在党的领导下，全民一心，抗震救灾的决心。读后给人以振奋的力量。又如，《人民日报》（2008-5-17）报道有关北川被困灾民“亲人生死相依，朋友相互鼓励，路人挽起手臂”的事迹时，用了《不放弃〓不抛弃》这样的标题，其中体现出他们对生的渴望、对亲人的依恋、对朋友的关怀。此题目短短几个字，却可以产生使心灵震颤的力量。需要强调的是，在运用对偶修辞时，第一，选用的句子要与新闻内容具有内在的联系，不可勉强。第二，句子结构要一致或相当，不要生拼硬凑。如果那样的话，反而会弄巧成拙。拟人。在新闻报道的标题制作中，有时为了增加文字的感染力，往往将写作对象比拟为有生命的人。这样制作的新闻标题，可以使阅读者有切身的体会，引导读者去了解、关心新闻的内容。如在《人民日报》（2010-2-23）上发表的一篇新闻报道的标题是： 60年一遇严重旱情继续（引题）

浅析英语新闻标题的特点及其汉译策略

中文题目:浅析英语新闻标题的特点及其汉译策略英文题目: A Study on Features and Translation of English News Headlines

Contents Abstract(in Chinese) (Ⅰ) Abstract(in English) (Ⅱ) I. Introduction (1) II. A Brief Introduction on News Headlines (3) 2.1 The definition of news headlines (3) 2.2 The functions of news headlines (3) 2.3 The classification of news headlines (4) III. The Features of English News Headlines (5) 3.1 Lexical features of English news headlines (5) 3.1.1 Preference for short words (5) 3.1.2 Wide use of abbreviations (6) 3.1.3 Flexible use of journalistic coinages (7) 3.1.4 Flexible use of vogue words (7) 3.1.5 Emotive words (8) 3.2 Grammatical features of English news headlines (8) 3.2.1 Omission (9) 3.2.2Tense (10) 3.2.3 Voice (10) 3.2.4 Punctuation (11) 3.3 Rhetorical features of English news headlines (11) IV. The Techniques of Translating English News Headlines (13) 4.1 Literal translation (13) 4.2 Balance translation (13) 4.2.1 Adding words (14) 4.2.2 Cutting words (14) 4.2.3 Applying famous sayings and poem lines of English and Chinese (15) 4.3 Adding connotations in the translation (15) 4.4 Application of the original rhetoric into translation (16) 4.5 Application of slangs and proverbs (17) V. Conclusion (18) Works Cited (20) Acknowledgements (21)

新闻标题的特点和作用

新闻标题的特点和作用新闻评论标题的创新就是要求其特殊、要求其独特。让读者一看，使眼睛为之一亮，心灵为之一振，拍案叫绝。任何一篇文章,都需要有一个好的标题。对于评论来说，更是这样。之所以有如此要求，是因为评论题目具有特殊的作用。有人说：“标题是评论的眼睛。”这是一种“文学语言”。那意思无非是说，眼睛是传神的，评论的标题应该把评论的精神表达出来；或者是说眼睛能够把人勾住，评论的题目应该一眼就能把读者吸引过来，使他非把文章读下去不可。如果是广播评论，要能吸引听众，使人非听下去不可。正如汤姆森编著的《新闻写作基础知识》一书中写道：“你可以把马牵到水边，但你无法强迫它饮水。当你把你的报纸送到读者手中的时候，你会遇到类似的问题，无法强迫他阅读，不过有一个办法可以使他阅读你的报道，那就是运用精采的标题。” ①在当今，报刊、广播电视频道的数量相对于过去已翻了好几番了。而且报刊已进入厚报时代，甚至有的报纸一天就出百版；广播、电视大多数已是全天候播出，这一切在过去是难以想象的。可以说，信息爆炸时代已经来临。加上社会生活的节奏大大加快，人们已无过多的时间去关注它，可以说，就连看完报纸几个版面的时间也没有。那么，新闻评论标题的创新就显得尤为重要。那新闻评论标题如何创新呢？这就涉及一个标题创新艺术的问题。一、评论标题的生动性一讲到生动，人们会立刻想到小说、散文、诗歌等，似乎与新闻评论无缘。其实生动和新闻评论早已是水乳交融，尤其在西方新闻评论作品中为一大特色。生动的标题能使新闻评论鲜活起来，才能收到好的阅读效果。农民怕政策变化而不敢下力长远致富，对当前农村的一大思想障碍的评论，标题可以想出很多。如《致富要有长远打算》、《兼顾当前和长远》、《当前和长远》、《农民致富中值得注意的一个问题》等等，这些标题都可以据以成篇，但未免会给人千篇一律的感觉。作者却干脆把群众的语言直接用作定题：《致富不能“鸡啄米”》，这样既直截了当，鲜明地表达了作者的观点，从语言来说又比较形象生动，使听众听了以后不易忘却。同样的标题还有：《为分数“拧水分”好》（《光明日报》2005年06月10日）、《为健康“颁奖”》（载《人民日报》2004年8月5日第一版）、《当不上附马不能不取妻》（江苏如皋县人民广播站1986年7月15日播出）、《莫把“衙门”抬下乡》（湖南益阳县广播站1986年2月10日播出）等等，这些生动的标题，能使新闻评论鲜活、醒目、形象，从而产生吸引读者的魅力。二、评论标题的幽默性幽默是智慧的象征，才华的体现，它以特有的诙谐和意境，让人们在会心的微笑中领悟到生活的哲理。老舍先生说：“幽默地去奇袭侧击，使人先笑几声，然而一琢磨脸就红起来，这要比正颜厉色地教训人效果好得多。” ②“讽刺家的心是冷的，而幽默者的心是热的，在心态上没有讽刺家那么厉害”。③具有幽默效果的新闻评论标题，不仅给读者以精神上的愉悦和满足，而且能够激发读者对新闻评论内容的兴趣。要把评论写好，讲究语言文字的幽默性是高招之一，其中制作富有幽默性的标题，就会一下子抓住读者和听众。试举一例：《人民日报》2004年4月210日“今日谈”的标题为《喜人的“不习惯”》。这篇评论据以“前两天在北京火车站乘火车，登车后总感觉什么地方和过去不同。原来是站台加高和车底持平，上车如履平地了。习惯了踩着梯子上下车，对这方便之举一时倒有些不自然。”作者抓住了事件的性质——可喜的，借用自己的感受——“不习惯”来概括这一使人上下车方便的变化。事情本身没有逻辑矛盾，经过作者的艺术加工，逻辑矛盾就出来了，幽默感也出来了，于是人们才有读下去的欲望。如果标题为《可喜的变化》，这一标题是准确地反应了事情的原委，但太笼统，让人一看就是喜鹊评论，而这种性质的新闻在中国铺天盖地，根本没法吸引读者的眼球。再如：《“猪八戒”不该成为荧屏“香饽饽”》（《经济参考报》2005年08月22日）、《这样的“抠门”值得称赞》（《人民日报》2005年08月10日第一版）、《楼市:中央政府不是"千手观音"咋办》（《中国青年报》2005年07月07日）、《企业要有“野性”》（《文汇报》2005年08月19日）、《造林还是“造字”》（湖北十堰电视台2002年11月15日首播）、《乡镇企业不是属猪的》（甘肃人民广播电台1985年12月14日播出）、《既要打锣，就不要怕响》（江苏省阜宁县广播站1983年6月25日播出）

新闻英语标题翻译省略

新闻英语标题翻译:省略有的读者读英语报刊，心中无数，东翻翻，西看看，总想挑容易的文章读。一篇文章刚看了个头，一碰到生词，马上换一篇。如此这般，换了六、七篇，还没确定读哪篇。那么，应该怎么读？首先要有准备地阅读，如先大致了解一下某报各版的主要内容，然后按照自己的兴趣或事先拟订的阅读计划，选定一个版面，有选择地阅读。如果碰到生词，也要坚定地读下去。要知道，对于初、中等英语水平的读者，英语报刊文章很少会不出现生词。其次要有步骤地阅读。一般应先读标题，但由于标题（headline）短而精，不太好懂，不少读者常常绕开它。这是不明智的。一份英文报纸少则10至20版，多则数百版。读者一般时间有限，谁都不可能像读课文或看小说那样从头至尾一字不漏地通读一遍。我们拿起一份报纸总想迅速找到当天的报道重点或个人感兴趣的新闻和文章。怎样寻找呢？这就需要找个“向导”作介绍。显然，新闻标题就是十分理想的“向导”。这是因为标题是新闻内容的集中和概括，它用简练的文字浓缩了新闻中最主要或最值得注意的内容。英语新闻标题的措词、语法、修辞乃至标点符号等方面的特点较为突出，现一一予以简述。省略标题是新闻不可分割的组成部分。阅读英语报纸的新闻标题是我们学习阅读英语报刊的第一步。这么说绝无夸张之意，从语法角度来看，英语新闻标题有其一套独特的语法体系，与人们平时常见的英语句子语法有所不同，新闻英语学者称之为“标题语言”（headlines）。其中，标题中虚词的省略就是它的重要特点之一。一般而言，标题中虚词省略现象主要表现在以下几个方面： 1、冠词基本省略。例如：Tenth Of British Mackerel Catch Ground Into Feed. (A Tenth Of The British Mackeel Catch Ground Into Feed.) 英国捕获鳍鱼一成碾为饲料。

英语新闻标题特点

英语新闻标题的特点英语新闻标题总是力求用有限的字数来表达新闻的内容，为此，在措词上尤其要狠下功夫，选词尽可能经济达意、简短明了，偏爱选用那些短小精悍或字母最少的动词。这是因为短小易懂、形象生动的措词不仅能增强新闻的简洁性和可读性，而且还能节省版面篇幅。如表示“破坏”或“损坏”一词意义的动词，标题一般不用 damage，而用一些较之简短的词，如hit，harm，hurt, ruin 或wreck等。又如表示“放弃”这一概念的动词，标题一般不用abandon，而用drop，give up，quit，skip或yield 等，表示“爆炸”之类的动词意义时，一般不用 explode，而用blast，crash，ram或smash等词。简而言之，英语新闻标题大都喜欢选用字形短小、音节不多而意义又比较广泛的词。这类动词在标题中屡见不鲜，读者平时阅读时不妨多加留意，这对于提高英语水平，尤其是熟悉英语同义动词，无疑是大有稗益的。为便于读者更好地理解英语新闻标题，现再列举一些常见诸报端的标题小词，以备不时之需： aid=assist（帮助，援助） alter=change or modify（改变） ask=inquire（询问） assail=denounce（谴责） axe=dismiss\reduce（解雇，减少） balk=impede（阻碍） ban=prohibit or forbid（禁止） bar=prevent（防止，阻止） bare=expose or reveal（暴露，揭露） blast=explode（爆炸） begin=commence（开始） bid=attempt（努力） bilk=cheat（欺骗） bolt=desert or abandon（放弃） boost=increase（增加，提高） check=examine（检查） claim=ause the death of…（夺去……的生命）clash=disagree strong1y（发生分歧，争议）curb=control or restrict（控制） dip=decIlne or decrease（下降） ease=lessen（减轻，缓和） end=terminate（结束，中止） flay=criticize（批评） flout=insult（侮辱） foil=prevent from（阻止，防止） grill = investigate（调查） gut=destroy（摧毁） head=direct（率领） hold=arrest（逮捕） laud=praise（赞扬） lop=diminish（下降，减少）map=work out（制订） mark=celebrate（庆祝） name=appoint\nominate（命名，提名）moot=discuss（讨论） mull=consider（考虑） nab=arrest（逮捕） nip=defeat（击败） nix=deny\disapprove（否决，拒绝）opt=choose（选择） oust=expel（驱逐） peril=endanger（危害，危及） pledge=determine（发誓） plot=conspire（预谋，密谋策划）plunge=plummet（价格等）暴跌 poise=ready for action（作好准备）probe=investigate（调查） raid =attack（进攻） rap =criticize（批评） rebuke=criticize（批评） rout=defeat completely（击溃，打垮）slay=murder（谋杀） soar=skyrocket（急剧上升） spur=encourage（激励，鞭策） swap=exchange（交流，交换） sway=influence（影响） trim=reduce（削减） vie=compete（竞争） vow=determine（决心，发誓） weigh=consider（考虑） woo=seek to win（争取，追求）标题除偏爱使用短小动词外，还常常选用简短、字母数少的名词或名词词组。如accord与

英语新闻标题的特点1

英语新闻标题的特点 The Characteristics of English News Headlines [Abstract]Today's society can be described as rapid development and changeable. How to record these social and historical change and development of new things , Mass media especially print media with its strongly deadline strict and the pursuit of new things is the best means of communication .The formation of the global village has greatly expanded the coverage of modern English ,English news reports covered all kinds of things ,for example, the solemn representation of speech of the President , the gossip of the leisure residents , the new achievement in all fields , the customs around the world, the fresh burst of interesting events and so on. However , the tiele is the sub-lease of the entire English news ,as well as the window of it ,so the importance of the title is self-evident. In this paper ,the author analysis of the characteristics of English News Headlines from four aspects, that are the formal of the English News Headlines ,the character of the words, the grammatical features and the use of rhetorical techniques. Hoping to do some help for each reader. [keywords]English News Headlines , Rhetoric, Language Features, The use of tenses 摘要：当今社会的发展和变化可谓日新月异，如何记录下这些社会历史变迁和新鲜事物的发展，大众媒体尤其是报刊媒体因其具有极强的时效性和时新性是当之不愧最好的记录手段。“地球村”的形成也大大拓宽了现代英语的涵盖范畴，英语新闻的报道可谓包罗万象，有总统庄严的任职演讲、民众闲暇的说三道四、各个学科领域的新成就、世界各地的风土人情、突发有趣的新鲜事件等等。而英语新闻标题又是整篇英语新闻报道的契子，也是整篇新闻报道的窗口，在报刊英语新闻中占据极其重要的地位。本文中，笔者从英语新闻标题的书写格式、措词特点、语法运用特点和修辞技巧的运用来详细分析了英语新闻标题的特点。望与读者共勉。

新闻标题的翻译

新闻标题的翻译注意点： 1、要准确理解并把握其特点 2、言翻译得当，增强可读性 3、注意读者的接受能力翻译策略一、直译或基本直译 1. Girl of 18 Raped After Threat With Bread Knife. 餐刀威逼之下18岁少女遭强暴 2. Putin face harsh press criticism over terror 普京因恐怖事件受媒体严厉批评二、意译 1．UK Writers Fly High on World Book Day 英国作家在世界图书日独领风骚 2．Thank Heavens For Brussels 欧盟有救了（布鲁塞尔是比利时首都，欧盟总部所在地）三、翻译技巧 1、增词 1．Red Envelopes Becomes Burden 国庆节，婚礼红包劫 2、减词 Chinese Dating Tours Popular 找另一半？试试相亲游助动词省略（tours are popular） 3、修辞手法双关 1.Fans Hope to Have New York Hotel 纽约热心民众挽救百年老饭店 2.Soccer Kicks Off Violence 足球开踢（拳打脚踢）时态语态 1、用一般现在时表过去 Street Battle in Heavy Shelling as Peace Talks Proceed. (ed) 和平谈判照常进行，街头巷战照常不停 2、用不定式表将来 Pope (is) to Visit Japan in February

教皇拟于二月访日 3、用现在分词表达正在进行的动作或正发生的事 Bill Gates Working on A New Book 比尔盖茨撰写新书科技先锋展望未来语态（主动语态多余被动语态） 1、Google’s interview unveiled 谷歌面试题遭破解 Unveiled 过去分词在标题中可直接表达被动意义补充 1.1st Container Hotel planned 如家将首推集装箱酒店 2.Household Wealth: China 3rd 我国家庭财富榜居全球第三 3.ID cards Enough to Board 明年起可刷身份证登机 4.35B Words Typed Daily 我国网民日均打字350亿 5.Malware Makes ATMs Spit Cash 多国ATM“被黑”自动吐钱 6.Google’s interview unveiled 谷歌面试题遭破解 Unveiled 过去分词在标题中可直接表达被动意义 7.HK cracks down on smugglers 香港严打大陆扫货“水客” cracks一般现在时表过去的事情，新闻现在时从形式上增加报道新鲜感，现实感，直接感 8.Guangzhou Fair closes, trade Booms 广交会闭幕交易兴旺标点符号逗号一般情况下用and 连接，但是在标题中通常用逗号隔开 9.Sister act: Twins celebrate 100th birthday 双胞胎姐妹共度100岁诞辰 10.10 classic Thanksgiving dinner dishes 十种经典感恩节菜肴 11.Peaking Opera artist Ma Changli dies at 86 京剧艺术家马长礼享年86岁 12.China, will replace the US to lead the world? 中国真的能取代美国领导世界吗 13.Don't expect too much from end to interest tax 对取消利息税不可期望过重

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