3.Tapescripts of Amish People

The Amish of Pennsylvania

Written by - Yenni Grow and Jerilyn Watson

2 May 2005

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

Welcome to THIS IS AMERICA, in VOA Special English. I’m Faith Lapidus.

VOICE TWO:

And I’m Steve Ember. Come with us today as we visit some people who lead a simple life: the Amish in Pennsylvania.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

A visit to parts of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, is like a trip back in time.

People live in simple farmhouses. Family members, including small children, all work in the fields. Crops are planted and harvested without modern farm technology.

Most Amish people are easy to recognize. The women make their own long, dark-colored dresses. They cover their hair with white cloth hats, called prayer caps. They do not wear jewelry. The men grow long beards. They wear black clothing and dark

hats.

VOICE TWO:

About sixteen thousand to eighteen thousand Old Order Amish live in Lancaster County. This area is also known as Pennsylvania Dutch Country.

"Dutch" is a name for people from the Netherlands. Many of the Amish, however, came from Germany. It is often said that they were called "Dutch" because English colonists could not say the correct word, Deutsch. But language experts note that people in England often used the term "Dutch" as another word for "German."

VOICE ONE:

The Amish live much like their ancestors did. Modern things like electricity, central heating and indoor water pipes are not considered necessary.

Amish People

The Amish do not drive cars. Instead, they travel in buggies pulled by horses.

A group of Old Order Amish recently won a legal battle against the state over safety markings on these wooden vehicles. Pennsylvania requires buggies to carry a red warning sign that

can be easily seen in car lights. But the Old Order Amish do not have to observe that law.

The group is called the Swartzentrubers. They hang a light from the driver’s side door of their buggies.

In any case, even a red sign might not have helped ten Amish people injured in Somerset County recently. A car that may have been speeding struck their buggy -- during daylight.

VOICE TWO:

You meet many Amish people in Lancaster County. It is a popular place for visitors. Between now and November, even more are coming. Lancaster County is marking the twentieth anniversary of a famous American film, "Witness." Many people learned about the Amish and their ways from this movie by director Peter Weir.

Some Amish, however, said the story misrepresented them.

Harrison Ford plays a city policeman. He stays with an Amish family as part of an investigation. A tour shows where the different parts of "Witness" were filmed. The Lancaster Cultural History Museum also has an exhibit about the movie.

(SOUND)

“You have no right to keep us here.

Uh…yes I do. Your son’s a material witness to a homicide.

You don’t understand. We want nothing to do with your laws.

Doesn’t surprise me. Lot of people I meet are like that.”

VOICE ONE:

One of the scenes in the movie shows a barn-raising in which men from the community put up a farm building.

(SOUND)

“Hurry up now…we have a barn to raise and a day to do it.” VOICE ONE:

The barn-raising in the film looks real -- because it was. Local workers played the parts of the Amish in the movie and built a barn. But the filmmakers brought in heavy equipment so they could speed up the work.

VOICE TWO:

Fifty years ago, a musical play about the Amish life was first seen on Broadway. "Plain and Fancy" is still being performed today. The musical is now being performed in the Midwestern town of Nappanee, Indiana.

"Plain and Fancy" is the story of what happens when two people from New York go to Pennsylvania to sell a farm to an Amish man. Throughout the play, the audience sees the differences between the city people and the Amish.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

The Amish heat their houses with wood stoves. And they get their water from wells.

Many Amish people do not use the telephone. They do not want to be connected to the outside world. But some earn money by cooking lunch or dinner for visitors. Visitors can join a family for a meal that includes meat, potatoes and vegetables grown on their farms. If the guests have any room left in their stomach after all that, they can have a sweet, rich dessert.

VOICE TWO:

The Amish and other groups in Lancaster County, including Mennonites, are known as the Plain People. Many came to the United States from Germany and Switzerland in the seventeen hundreds and eighteen hundreds. They were expelled or chose to leave because of religious oppression.

Most of them settled in Pennsylvania, where they were promised

religious freedom. Lancaster County officials say about fifty thousand Plain People currently live there. That is about ten percent of the population. But not all Amish people live in Pennsylvania. There are settlements of Amish in twenty-two American states and in Ontario, Canada.

VOICE ONE:

Some people have expressed concern about the growing number of businesses in Pennsylvania Dutch country. The people worry that this will interfere with the Amish way of life. Sometimes, visitors stop near an Amish family and take their picture -- an act that angers the Amish.

VOICE TWO:

As you tour Amish country, you will see small, well-kept farms of about twenty hectares. The Amish are known for their success at farming. Amish farmers produce as much corn, peanuts, tobacco and other crops on each hectare as other farmers. But they always have been more concerned with protecting the land than with producing huge crops. The Amish also raise farm animals such as cows, pigs, horses and chickens. Each family takes care of its own farm.

But the community works together to do big jobs. People also gather for religious services. The services are in German. At home, the Amish speak a form of German.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

The Amish believe that hard work is important and enjoyable. They do not believe in depending on the world outside their community. Almost every Amish man can build a house, make furniture, and raise crops and animals. Almost every Amish woman can preserve food, make clothing and covers for beds called quilts. Quilt-makers all over the world recognize the beauty and complexity of Amish quilts.

Young Amish women make the dresses they wear for their marriage ceremonies. These dresses are blue, instead of the white that is traditional for many other Americans. After their weddings, the women wear these dresses to church. And when they die, tradition calls for them to be buried in their wedding dresses.

Most Amish families have seven or eight children. Traditionally the children do not leave home until they marry.

VOICE TWO:

The Amish live by rules they believe are explained in the Bible, the Christian holy book. For example, they believe that Christians must always treat other people with love and gentleness. They believe it is wrong to fight wars. They do not

become soldiers or police officers.

These religious beliefs sometimes have brought the Amish into conflict with American law. For example, Amish men refuse military service during wartime. Instead, they are permitted to perform some other kind of public service.

VOICE ONE:

Many Amish refuse to send their children to public schools. Instead, they have their own community schools. The Amish pay taxes, but they do not usually vote in elections. They refuse help from the federal government.

The Amish permit few differences among their own people. They are different from most other Americans, and happy to be that way. And their way of life is what brings visitors to Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, year after year.

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO:

Our program was written by Jerilyn Watson and produced by Caty Weaver. I’m Steve Ember.

VOICE ONE:

And I'm Faith Lapidus. Please join us again next week for THIS IS AMERICA in VOA Special English.

陆在易艺术歌曲_桥_的钢琴伴奏研究

2007年9月 第5期浙 江 教 育 学 院 学 报JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG EDUCATION INSTITUTE Septe mber 2007No 5 收稿日期:2007-08-04 作者简介:李晨(1970-),男,江苏南通人,浙江教育学院艺术学院音乐系讲师。陆在易艺术歌曲 桥 的钢琴伴奏研究 李 晨 (浙江教育学院艺术学院,浙江杭州310012) 摘 要:钢琴伴奏声部是艺术歌曲的重要组成部分,其地位是与演唱声部等同 的,这是艺术歌曲在创作上的重要特点。陆在易所作艺术歌曲 桥 的钢琴伴奏部分 在和弦写作多样化与音型、节奏的合理布局等方面都体现了伴奏在歌曲中的重要性。 关键词:陆在易; 桥 ;艺术歌曲;钢琴伴奏 中图分类号:G614 7 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1671-6574(2007)05-0093-04 艺术歌曲源自18世纪末19世纪初,是欧洲盛行的一种抒情歌曲,它有一些区别于其他类型歌曲的特征:(1)它的歌词是具有较高艺术性的文学作品。(2)它的声乐部分与器乐部分是不可分割的整体,钢琴或乐队部分起的作用绝不只是单纯的伴奏,而是与演唱者平等的 演奏者 [1]。这些特征可以从国外古典时期及浪漫时期的艺术歌曲中发现,如:贝多芬、舒伯特、拉赫玛尼诺夫等人的作品。中国的艺术歌曲起步较晚,但从一开始就具有既借鉴外国艺术歌曲的表现手法,又注意与我国的民族语言、民族气质和民族情感表达方式相结合的特点[2],如赵元任的 教我如何不想她 、张肖虎的 声声慢 等。从上世纪80年代初起,我国逐渐涌现出一些优秀的艺术歌曲作家,陆在易就是其中的佼佼者。 桥 [3]是陆在易创作于1981年的一首艺术歌曲,描绘的是一幅游子眼中的江南水乡风情画卷,钢琴伴奏部分的写作无论从中西风格的结合,还是音型的安排等都恰到好处地衬托了歌曲所要表达的意境。正是因为钢琴伴奏部分与歌曲融为一体,因此,这首歌曲就像呈现在听觉世界里的一幅江南水墨画,写意与具象并举,浓墨与淡彩共存,令人遐想无限。本文将从两方面对 桥 的钢琴伴奏部分进行分析。 一、和弦多样化 歌曲除了前奏为小调式之外,基本以大调式为主线贯穿全曲,伴奏部分的写作中穿插色彩变音,使歌曲的风格从纵向上呈现出多样化,暗合了江南风景中 一步一景 的特点。 表1 前奏中的和弦性质 小节 和 弦1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 九和弦 大七和弦 小三和弦小三和弦 减三和弦小三和弦 大七和弦减小七和弦 小三和弦小三和弦 大三和弦 减三和弦小三和弦 大小七和弦带倚音的小三和弦 小三和弦

大学英语口语考试对话

A: Hi, Wu, what's up B: I am reading, see it's a good book. A: Well, I see. "历史深处的忧虑林达著" what's the book about B: It's about the different culture and life view between Chinese and American. A: Oh, cool, I know a lot about that have been working along with some American guys a long time. B: So tell me how A: First in China, if you get good benefit from your boss, you should not show you up, people will jealous and even do you sometimes. But in America, you should not worry about it, everybody will thumb up to you if you get good benefit by your hard work. It's more easy and open to deal with American, but it's so hard to deal with some Chinese guys. B: Hmmm, sometimes.... A: Second in China, if you are working hard, you will be jealous in most times. They will talk about your in the back, and maybe doubt what you want. It's seldom happening in America or other Western country. B: Well, it's.... A: Okay, Ancient China is the most beautiful and powerful country in the world, I think even today the Western will not get that culture in mind. (ring) Sorry, I get a call, see you later. B: See you.. A: oh! My God! Fancy meeting you here.A: 哦，天啊！太巧了，在这儿碰到你。B: Yes, what a surprise! We haven't seen each other almost half a year.B: 是呀！真没想到。我们已有半年没见了吧。A: Almost. Where are you heading nowA: 差不多。你去哪儿B: Oh. I'm going to attend a meeting about making Chinese culture various and globalized.B: 哦，我正要参加一个关于使中国文化多样化和全球化的会议。A: It's so significant. The east and west culture is a comparatively separate value system of their own society, and each style of culture has advantages and dregs. So the two cultures should nourish and benefit each other.A: 这会议很有意义。东西方文化是适应它们各自社会的相对独立的价值体系，每一种文化都有它们自己的优点和不足，因此，两

有关几个集合名词用法

关集合名词用法的几个语法要点 ■family(家庭)，team(队)，class(班)，audience(听众)等，其用法特点为：若视为整体，表示单数意义；若考虑其个体成员，表示复数意义。比较： This class consists of 45 pupils. 这个班由45个学生组成。 This class are reading English now. 这个班的学生在读英语。 ■cattle(牛，牲畜)，people(人)，police(警察)等，其用法特点为：只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义，用作主语时谓语用复数；不与 a(n) 连用，但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)： People will laugh at you. 人们会笑你的。 The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。 Many cattle were killed for this. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。 【注】表示牲畜的头数，用单位词 head(单复数同形)：three head of cattle (3头牛)，twenty (head of ) cattle (20头牛)。 ■goods(货物), clothes(衣服)等，其用法特点是：只有复数形式(当然也表示复数意义，用作主语时谓语也用复数)，但通常不与数词连用： Such clothes are very expensive. 那样的衣服很贵。 To whom do these goods belong? 这些货是谁的？ ■baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery(风景), jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等, 其用法特点为：是不可数名词，只用单数形式，不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)，没有复数形式： Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。 Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托运了吗? 【注】machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等。如：a poem / a piece of poetry(一首诗)，many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery(许多机器)。 ■补充说明几个特殊的集合名词： ①hair(头发，毛发)：指全部头发或毛发时，为集合名词(不可数)；指几根头发或毛发时，为个体名词(可数)：

研究生英语口语考试话题范文教学文稿

研究生英语口语考试 话题范文

话题一：Please describe the importance of self-confidence and give some examples to support ideas. Share your own experience about it with your partners. Hi，guys，Today our topic is self-confidence,What do you think about self-confidence. Self-Confidence is very important in daily life. It can help you to develop a healthy attitude. A study shows that the people who are more confident are much happier. They can have more chance to make themselves successful. 自信对于日常生活非常重要，它让你有一个健康的态度，研究表明自信会更快乐，它还能让人更有机会成功。 People say that self-confidence is half of the success. Without self-confidence, You can’t do well in anything. Self-confidence is very importance to a person. 人们说自信是成功的一半。没有自信，一个人就不能做好任何事。自信对一个人很重要也很有价值。 Firstly, Self-confidence, let a person maintain a good mental and physical state.We often say that the body is the capital of the revolution. Only when you are in good health, can you be really successful eventually. Secondly,once we gain self-confidence, we will possess the courage and strength to overcome the setbacks and difficulties. With self-confidence, no one and nothing can stop your way.Thirdly, with self-confidence we may accomplish something which seems to be impossible. No great thing is easy for us, therefore we should hold the idea that anything is possible. We should trust in ourselves. 首先，自信让人保持好的身体和精神状态，我们常说身体是革命的本钱。只有你身体健康，你最后才能真正成功。其次，一旦我们获得了自信，我们就拥有了勇气和力量去克服挫折和困难。有了自信，没有人也没有什么能够阻止你成功。再次，有了自信我们可能实现一些以前看起来不可能的事。没有什么大事对我们是容易的，因此我们应该相信一切皆有可能。我们应该，或者必须相信自己。 When I was a child, I was very unconfident and often doubted everything. It's even like this question “What day is today”,I had to go to the calendar to make sure.This feeling is not good.

大学英语口语课教案

大学英语口语课教案 【篇一：大学英语口语课程教案】 大学英语口语课程教案 学院：外国语学院 学期： 2008-2009学年第一学期 学时 18 教材《大学英语基础口语教程第一册》 （let’s talk book 1） 授课教师大学英语口语精品课程组 授课对象 2008级普本 上课地点南、北校区、学院路校区 上课时间周一至周五 授课题目（teaching title）： unit 12 foreign customs 授课类型(class type)： lecturing and practice 授课课时安排（teaching periods）： 2 periods 本授课单元教学目标(teaching objectives)： in this unit students are required to: 1.master the basic vocabulary related to western wedding.

2.learn to describe the different manners between chinese and western customs. 3.learn the proper way to behave in western society. 本授课单元教学重点(main points of teaching)： 1.instruct students to speak and behave properly in western society concerning some important events. 2.analyze the different manners between chinese and western countries. 本授课单元教学难点(difficult points of teaching)： instruct the students to use cultural-related words to describe and compare the proper manners in chinese and western events.教学手段(teaching aids) multimedia (audios, videos, pictures, texts), blackboard. 本授课单元教学步骤及时间分配 (teaching procedures and time allotment)： 1. warming-up activities (about 15 minutes) 1.1 role play: a typical western wedding (about 10 minutes) student are assigned the task in the previous class. they are asked to perform a typical western wedding. useful materials and information should be collected before the class. (about 10 minutes)

大学英语口语考试情景对话

Study English (1.1) A: Oh, hey, you look so worried, what's wrong? B: Um... Well, in fact, it's about my English. A: English? Is there something wrong with your English? B: Yes.Although I am always working hard in my English. I can't get a good mark in the test. A: That's why you are so upset? B: I think so. A: Well, guy, could you listen to my opinions? B: Of course. A: First, you should be absorbed in the class and summarize the main point what the teacher says... B:Yes,I do,But sometimes I can't keep up with teacher, A: Hey, listen to me.You don't need to write down all the things.When you are listening,just write down the long point and only the important parts. B:OK, and what? A:Secondly, you must be abiding and as soon as you meet a problem, go ahead to have the teacher to solve.Only if you do this, you can make it. B: Oh, I will take it from now on and thank you very much. A: That's all right. Likes and dislikes (1.3) A: Do you have any hobbies?What are they? B: I'm interested in reading or other relaxing sports. A: How do you spend your spare time? B: I usually read some books or do so some sports. A: What kind of book you are interested in? B: My favorite books are those of detectives. A: Well, those books are really good.I like them too.Do you think you are introverted or extroverted? B: In fact, I wouldn't call myself extroverted. Sometime I enjoy being by myself very much. But other times, I like sharing activities with others too, especially during these past few years. A: What kind of sports do you like? B: I like almost all sports, and I enjoy both playing and watching.I specially like tennis and mountain climbing. A: What kind of personality do you think you have? B: Well, I approach things very enthusiastically. I reckon, and I don't like to leave anything half-done. It makes me nervous—I can't concentrate on anything else until the first thing is finished. A:Really?Maybe I should learn from you. Oh, I remember I have something to do after a while, so I must say goodbye to you. B:OK, see you next time.

三类英语集合名词的用法规律.doc

三类英语集合名词的用法规律 集合名词(英语：Collective noun)是语言学上的一个专有名词，意指一种可用来指称一群对象的字，而这些对象，可以是人、动物、或是一群概念等事物。 三类集合名词的用法规律 一、集合名词表示整体和个体的问题 英语中有些集合名词，既可表单数意义，也可表复数意义，其原则是：若视为整体，表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员，表示复数意义。这类集合名词比较常见的有：army(军队)，audience(观众)，committee(委员会)，crew(全体船员，全体乘务员，全体工作人员)，enemy(敌人)，family(家人)，government(政府)，group(一组，一群)，public(公众)，staff(全体职工，全体人员)，team(队)等。比较： My family is very large [big]. 我家是大家庭。 My family are all very well. 我家里人都很好。 Which team is the best? 哪个队打得最好? The football team are having a rest. 足球队队员们在休息。 The crew is large. 工作人员众多。 The crew of the plane are ten in all. 这架飞机的机组人员一共10人。 有时句子中带有明显的单数或复数标志，则应分别按单数或复数处理。如： The public is the best judge.=The public are the best judges. 公众是最好的判断者。 如果句子没有特定的上下文，有时既可当作整体看待(即视

大学英语口语话题topic

大学英语口语话题topic 关于面试 A: Good morning, sir、 Q: Good morning, sit down, please、 A: Thank you、 Q: Tell me a little bit about yourself、 A: My name is chris young and I live in nanchang, I was born in19 92、 My major was material science engineering、 Q: Do you work well under stress ？ A：Yes， I think trait is needed in my current position and I know I can handle it well、 Q：What is your strongest trait？ A：Helpfulness and caring、 Q： How would your friends or colleagues describe you？ A：They say Mr、 young is an honest， hardworking and responsible man who deeply cares for his family and friends、 Q：What personality traits do you admire？ A：honest， flexible and easy-going、 Q：How do you normally handle criticism？

大学英语口语课教案

大学英语口语课教案

大学英语口语课教案 【篇一：大学英语口语课程教案】 大学英语口语课程教案 学院：外国语学院 学期：2008-2009学年第一学期 学时18 教材《大学英语基础口语教程第一册》 （let’s talk book 1） 授课教师大学英语口语精品课程组 授课对象2008级普本 上课地点南、北校区、学院路校区 上课时间周一至周五 授课题目（teaching title）： unit 12 foreign customs 授课类型(class type)： lecturing and practice 授课课时安排（teaching periods）： 2 periods 本授课单元教学目标(teaching objectives)： in this unit students are required to:

1.master the basic vocabulary related to western wedding. 2.learn to describe the different manners between chinese and western customs. 3.learn the proper way to behave in western society. 本授课单元教学重点(main points of teaching)： 1.instruct students to speak and behave properly in western society concerning some important events. 2.analyze the different manners between chinese and western countries. 本授课单元教学难点(difficult points of teaching)： instruct the students to use cultural-related words to describe and compare the proper manners in chinese and western events.教学手段(teaching aids) multimedia (audios, videos, pictures, texts), blackboard. 本授课单元教学步骤及时间分配(teaching procedures and time allotment)： 1. warming-up activities (about 15 minutes) 1.1 role play: a typical western wedding (about 10 minutes) student are assigned the task in the previous class. they are asked to perform a typical western wedding. useful materials and information

黄自艺术歌曲钢琴伴奏及艺术成就

【摘要】黄自先生是我国杰出的音乐家，他以艺术歌曲的创作最为代表。而黄自先生特别强调了钢琴伴奏对于艺术歌曲组成的重要性。本文是以黄自先生创作的具有爱国主义和人道主义的艺术歌曲《天伦歌》为研究对象，通过对作品分析，归纳钢琴伴奏的弹奏方法与特点，并总结黄自先生的艺术成就与贡献。 【关键词】艺术歌曲；和声；伴奏织体；弹奏技巧 一、黄自艺术歌曲《天伦歌》的分析 （一）《天伦歌》的人文及创作背景。黄自的艺术歌曲《天伦歌》是一首具有教育意义和人道主义精神的作品。同时，它也具有民族性的特点。这首作品是根据联华公司的影片《天伦》而创作的主题曲，也是我国近代音乐史上第一首为电影谱写的艺术歌曲。作品创作于我国政治动荡、经济不稳定的30年代，这个时期，这种文化思潮冲击着我国各个领域，连音乐艺术领域也未幸免――以《毛毛雨》为代表的黄色歌曲流传广泛，对人民大众，尤其是青少年的不良影响极其深刻，黄自为此担忧，创作了大量艺术修养和文化水平较高的艺术歌曲。《天伦歌》就是在这样的历史背景下创作的，作品以孤儿失去亲人的苦痛为起点，发展到人民的发愤图强，最后升华到博爱、奋起的民族志向，对青少年的爱国主义教育有着重要的影响。 （二）《天伦歌》曲式与和声。《天伦歌》是并列三部曲式，为a+b+c，最后扩充并达到全曲的高潮。作品中引子和coda所使用的音乐材料相同，前后呼应，合头合尾。这首艺术歌曲结构规整，乐句进行的较为清晰，所使用的节拍韵律符合歌词的特点，如三连音紧密连接，为突出歌词中号召的力量等。 和声上，充分体现了中西方作曲技法融合的创作特性。使用了很多七和弦。其中，一部分是西方的和声，一部分是将我国传统的五声调式中的五个音纵向的结合，构成五声性和弦。与前两首作品相比，《天伦歌》的民族性因素增强，这也与它本身的歌词内容和要弘扬的爱国主义精神相对应。 （三）《天伦歌》的伴奏织体分析。《天伦歌》的前奏使用了a段进唱的旋律发展而来的，具有五声调性特点，增添了民族性的色彩。在作品的第10小节转调入近关系调，调性的转换使歌曲增添抒情的情绪。这时的伴奏加强和弦力度，采用切分节奏，节拍重音突出，与a段形成强弱的明显对比，突出悲壮情绪。 c段的伴奏采用进行曲的风格，右手以和弦为主，表现铿锵有力的进行。右手为上行进行，把全曲推向最高潮。左手仍以柱式和弦为主，保持节奏稳定。在作品的扩展乐段，左手的节拍低音上行与右手的八度和弦与音程对应，推动音乐朝向宏伟、壮丽的方向进行。coda 处，与引子材料相同，首尾呼应。 二、《天伦歌》实践研究 《天伦歌》是具有很强民族性因素的作品。所谓民族性，体现在所使用的五声性和声、传统歌词韵律以及歌曲段落发展等方面上。 作品的整个发展过程可以用伤感――悲壮――兴奋――宏达四个过程来表述。在钢琴伴奏弹奏的时候，要以演唱者的歌唱状态为中心，选择合适的伴奏音量、音色和音质来配合，做到对演唱者的演唱同步，并起到连接、补充、修饰等辅助作用。 作品分为三段，即a+b+c+扩充段落。第一段以五声音阶的进行为主，表现儿童失去父母的悲伤和痛苦，前奏进入时要弹奏的使用稍凄楚的音色，左手低音重复进行，在弹奏完第一个低音后，要迅速的找到下一个跨音区的音符；右手弹奏的要有棱角，在前奏结束的时候第四小节的t方向的延音处，要给演唱者留有准备。演唱者进入后，左手整体的踏板使用的要连贯。随着作品发展，伴奏与旋律声部出现轮唱的形式，要弹奏的流动性强，稍突出一些。后以mf力度出现的具有转调性质的琶音奏法，要弹奏的如流水般连贯。在重复段落，即“小

最全大学英语口语情景对话

口语对话 1 赶时髦(go after fashion) A: Fashion show is around the corner, I’m so excited! 时装表演即将来临，我很兴奋！ B: Are there any good!这有什么好的！ A: I didn't see anything wrong with the clothes; they looked pretty nice to me. I think you don’t like it! Why?我没看出衣服有任何问题；在我看来它们都很不错。我觉得你不喜欢！为什么？ B: It was dumb. I think it's stupid for women to wear clothes like that. 这是愚蠢的。我认为女人们穿成那样是很愚蠢的。 A: The benevolent see benevolence and the wise see wisdom. 仁者见仁，智者见智。B: Do you really think people can wear that stuff and walk around the streets? 你真的认为人们可以穿那种东西走在街上？ A: Yes, I do. At least, some people certainly can. They wear high-fashion clothes to show off their sense of style and wealth. 是的，我这样认为。至少，有人一定会。他们穿着时尚的衣服展示他们的时尚感和财富。 B: Well. I still think they're dumb. It makes more sense to spend the money on more practical purposes.我仍然认为他们是愚蠢的。把更多的钱花在更有意义的地方比较实际。 A: So you think it's bad if I wear it?所以你认为我穿成这样很不好吗？ B: If you wear it I must speak nice! 如果你穿成这样我一定说它很好看！ A: I know you will say that.我就知道你会这样说。 B: Only you know me!知我者非你莫属！

名词的分类、定义和例子(精)

名词的分类、定义和例子 名词是指表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念等的名称词。名词根据其词汇意义，通常分为专有名词和普通名词。而普通名词根据其语法性质，又可以细分为个体名词、物质名词、集合名词和抽象名词四类。 一、专有名词 专有名词主要指人、地方、组织、机构等的专有的名称。专有名词的第一个字母通常大写，如Mary, Mr Black, Paris, Sunday, September, French等。请看例句： They kept it for Mary. 他们留着这个给玛丽。 My plan was to go from Lyon to Paris. 我的计划是从里昂到巴黎。 The park is open from May through September. 公园从5月到9月开放。 I work every other day: Monday, Wednesday and Friday. 我隔天上班：每周 一、三、五。 二、普通名词 普通名词通常指人、物、概念等的一般名称。事实上，除了专有名词外，其余的名词都可以叫普通名词。如：boy, pen, teacher, water, idea, cloudy, money等。注意，有少数的普通名词与专有名词词形相同，只是用作普通名词时第一个字母用小写，而用作专有名词时第一个字母用大写。如： He saw the best china in China. 他在中国见到了最好的瓷器。 Mrs. Green likes to wear green clothes. 格林夫人喜欢穿绿色衣服。 三、个体名词 所谓个体名词就是指表示人或物的个体的名词。如boy, girl, tree, book, cup, desk等。在通常情况下，个体名词都是可数的。如：

大学英语口语考试试题-10个口语话题(期末)汇编

Topics for Oral test 1. 2. Which great leader do you admire most? What qualities did/does he/she have? bill gates 3. Which do you cherish more, your friendship with a good friend or your romantic relationship? obviously, friend is easy to make, but lover is kind of hard to seek for. Since relationship between friends might be not that close compared to romantic relationship, I will probably take it serious and cherish this sweet relationship. Also, I believe that my friends will support me and ou r relationship won’t be tense and freezing because of this. As the Chinese saying goes, once you got a boyfriend or a girlfriend, you may leave your friends out of your mind. I partly agree this, and when I fall in love, especially at the very beginning, I think I will cherish it more than friendship. 4. 5. What factors would you consider first if you were to find a job (even a part-time job)? I will first consider whether this company and the offered position is high potential. I think high potential is a quality that is vital for the company’s future development and its personnel’s self improvement. Every one need a room to promote and realize one’s self-value. Another factor I concern is—its location. I’d like to work an d live in big cities because big cities offer so many opportunities and a higher salary while small cities can’t.

大学英语口语课程介绍

大学英语口语课程介绍 课程背景： 为进一步推动我国大学英语教学，适应国家改革开放的需要，使大学生更加重视英语口语学习，获得更强的英语口语交际能力。 课程概况： 通过该课程的学习，使学生通过形式多样的语言技能训练，能就日常生活中常用的话题用比较简单的英语准确地表达自己的思想。以达到在具体的社会语境中得体地使用语言的目的。并通过法律环境下的语言教学来提高用英语从事涉外业务的水平，内容包括公共道德、人际关系、生活习惯、校园生活、旅游观光、环保购物、留学求职等。另根据学生的专业、兴趣和未来职业需求，增加外交礼仪，运用英语处理涉外警务活动等内容。 课程性质与任务： 本课程为一门重要的必修的基础技能课程，主要通过课堂口语实践，充分唤起学生学习英语的兴趣。使学生通过吸收丰富的预料，快速提高听说能力，深入了解各国文化和社会知识，训练学生用英语进行思考，有效培养他们的英语交际能力。 教师要根据我校应用型人才培养目标，对课程进行认真研究、深入挖掘。结合课程特点、教学内容和当前形势及现实生活，对学生进行人生观、世界观、价值观和思想道德品质教育，努力使学生在获得知识的同时学会做人的道理。 课程的目的与基本要求： 本课程的教学目的是通过大量的口语练习和实践，逐步培养和提高学生用英语进行口头交际的能力。同时帮助学生了解主要英语国家的文化和生活习俗。通过本课程的学习，学生应能就日常生活中的一般情景进行恰当的交谈，能就社会生活中的一般性话题进行连贯的发言，能比较准确地表达自己的思想，做到语音准确、语调自然、语法基本正确，语言运用基本得体。将语言技能、语言知识、文化意识等要素有机地结合起来，相互促进、循序渐进，帮助学生最终实现交际的目的。 本课程要求学生能够运用已掌握的词汇、句型和常用表达法，结合个人实际，较为流畅地就一些常见话题发表个人见解。大多数学生应能通过本门课程的学习

我国艺术歌曲钢琴伴奏-精

我国艺术歌曲钢琴伴奏-精 2020-12-12 【关键字】传统、作风、整体、现代、快速、统一、发展、建立、了解、研究、特点、突出、关键、内涵、情绪、力量、地位、需要、氛围、重点、需求、特色、作用、结构、关系、增强、塑造、借鉴、把握、形成、丰富、满足、帮助、发挥、提高、内心 【摘要】艺术歌曲中，伴奏、旋律、诗歌三者是不可分割的重 要因素，它们三个共同构成一个统一体，伴奏声部与声乐演唱处于 同样的重要地位。形成了人声与器乐的巧妙的结合，即钢琴和歌唱 的二重奏。钢琴部分的音乐使歌曲紧密的联系起来，组成形象变化 丰富而且不中断的套曲，把音乐表达的淋漓尽致。 【关键词】艺术歌曲；钢琴伴奏；中国艺术歌曲 艺术歌曲中，钢琴伴奏不是简单、辅助的衬托，而是根据音乐 作品的内容为表现音乐形象的需要来进行创作的重要部分。准确了 解钢琴伴奏与艺术歌曲之间的关系,深层次地了解其钢琴伴奏的风 格特点,能帮助我们更为准确地把握钢琴伴奏在艺术歌曲中的作用 和地位，从而在演奏实践中为歌曲的演唱起到更好的烘托作用。 一、中国艺术歌曲与钢琴伴奏 “中西结合”是中国艺术歌曲中钢琴伴奏的主要特征之一，作 曲家们将西洋作曲技法同中国的传统文化相结合，从开始的借鉴古 典乐派和浪漫主义时期的创作风格，到尝试接近民族乐派及印象主 义乐派的风格，在融入中国风格的钢琴伴奏写作，都是对中国艺术 歌曲中钢琴写作技法的进一步尝试和提高。也为后来的艺术歌曲写 作提供了更多宝贵的经验，在长期发展中，我国艺术歌曲的钢琴伴 奏也逐渐呈现出多姿多彩的音乐风格和特色。中国艺术歌曲的钢琴

写作中，不可忽略的是钢琴伴奏织体的作用，因此作曲家们通常都以丰富的伴奏织体来烘托歌曲的意境，铺垫音乐背景，增强音乐感染力。和声织体，复调织体都在许多作品中使用，较为常见的是综合织体。这些不同的伴奏织体的歌曲，极大限度的发挥了钢琴的艺术表现力，起到了渲染歌曲氛围，揭示内心情感，塑造歌曲背景的重要作用。钢琴伴奏成为整体乐思不可缺少的部分。优秀的钢琴伴奏织体，对发掘歌曲内涵，表现音乐形象，构架诗词与音乐之间的桥梁等方面具有很大的意义。在不断发展和探索中，也将许多伴奏织体使用得非常娴熟精确。 二、青主艺术歌曲《我住长江头》中钢琴伴奏的特点 《我住长江头》原词模仿民歌风格，抒写一个女子怀念其爱人的深情。青主以清新悠远的音乐体现了原词的意境，而又别有寄寓。歌调悠长，但有别于民间的山歌小曲；句尾经常出现下行或向上的拖腔，听起来更接近于吟哦古诗的意味，却又比吟诗更具激情。钢琴伴奏以江水般流动的音型贯穿全曲，衬托着气息宽广的歌唱，象征着绵绵不断的情思。由于运用了自然调式的旋律与和声，显得自由舒畅，富于浪漫气息，并具有民族风味。最有新意的是，歌曲突破了“卜算子”词牌双调上、下两阕一般应取平行反复结构的惯例，而把下阕单独反复了三次，并且一次比一次激动，最后在全曲的高音区以ff结束。这样的处理突出了思念之情的真切和执著，并具有单纯的情歌所没有的昂奋力量。这是因为作者当年是大革命的参加者，正被反动派通缉，才不得不以破格的音乐处理，假借古代的