Quizforlinguistics-习题整理含答案
Quiz for linguistics:
Chapter 1: Linguistics and Language
语言和语言学
1. Which of the following is the most important function of language?
a. Interpersonal function
b. Performative function
c. Informative function
d. Recreational function
2. ______ studies speech sounds, including the production of speech, the sounds of speech, the description and classification of speech sounds, words and connected speech, etc..
a. Phonology
b. Phonetics
c. Morphology
d. Pragmatics
3. ______ function refers to expressions that help define and maintain interpersonal relations.
a. Performative
b. Interpersonal
c. Phatic
d. Metalingual
4. ______ means the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.
a. Creativity
b. Duality
c. Arbitrariness
d. Displacement
5. By ______ it means that language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places.
a. arbitrariness
b. duality
c. creativity
d. displacement
6. ______ distinguishes the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual production of speeches.
a. Chomsky
b. Saussure
c. Gilman
d. Brown
7. ______ refers to the actual use of language in concrete situations.
a. Competence
b. Performance
c. Eloquence
d. Action
8. ______ is the study of the characteristics of language varieties, the characteristics of their functions and the characteristics of their speakers as these three constantly interact and change within a speech community.
a. Psycholinguistics
b. Sociolinguistics
c. Anthropological linguistics
d. Computational linguistics
9. ______ studies the rules governing the combination of words into sentences.
a. Pragmatics
b. Semantics
c. Syntax
d. Phonetics
10. ______ is a branch of linguistics concerned in principle with the physical representation of language or linguistic processes in the brain.
a. Anthropological linguistics
b. Psychological linguistics
c. Computational linguistics
d. Neurolinguistics
11. The study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication is ______ (大纲样题)
a. morphology
b. general linguistics
c. phonology
d. semantics
12. Syntax is the study of ______. (2005年真题)
a. language function
b. sentence structures
c. textual organization
d. word formation
13. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language? (2005年真题)
a. arbitrariness
b. productivity
c. cultural transmission
d. finiteness
14. The distinction between parole and langue was made by ______. (2006年真题)
a. Halliday
b. Chomsky
c. Bloomfield
d. Saussure
15. ______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation. (2007年真题)
a. Phonology
b. Morphology
c. Semantics
d. Sociolinguistics
16. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language? (2008年真题)
a. Arbitrariness
b. Displacement
c. Duality
d. Diachronicity
17. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is ______. (2009年真题)
a. corpus linguistics
b. sociolinguistics
c. theoretical linguistics
d. pysholinguistics
18. Language is a tool of communication. The symbol “Highway Closed” on a highway serves ______. (2010年真题)
a. an expressive function.
b. an informative function.
c. a performative function.
d. a persuasive function.
19. ______ is defined as the study of the relationship between language and mind. (2011年真题)
a. Semantics
b. Pragmatics
c. Cognitive linguistics
d. Sociolinguistics
20. Saussure distinguishes the linguistic competence of the speaker as ____
a. parole
b. language
c. system
d. langue
1. ______ is the study of the physical properties of the sounds produced in speech.
a. Acoustic phonetics
b. Articulatory phonetics
c. Auditory phonetics
d. Pragmatics
2. When ______ is produced, complete closure of the articulators is involved so that the airstream cannot escape through the mouth.
a. fricative
b. stop
c. affricate
d. lateral
3. In the production of vowels, air is ______ as is the case with consonants.
a. not obstructed
b. obstructed
c. semi-obstructed
d. half-obstructed
4. The idea of establishing a phonetic alphabet was first proposed by the ______ grammarian Otto Jespersen in 1886.
a. English
b. American
c. Danish
d. French
5. The present system of the IPA derives mainly from one developed in the ______ by the British phonetician, Daniel Jones and his colleagues at University of London.
a. 1910s
b. 1920s
c. 1930s
d. 1940s
6. To be specific, ______ deals with how speech sounds are produced.
a. articulatory phonetics
b. acoustic phonetics
c. auditory phonetics
d. phonological phonetics
7. All the following are the description of [P] EXCEPT ______.
a. stop
b. bilabial
c. alveolar
d. consonant
8. If a single movement from one element to a second element of the tongue is involved, the combine vowels are called ______.
a. monophthongs
b. triphthongs
c. cardinal vowels
d. diphthongs
9. The most famous cardinal vowel system put forward by Daniel Jones defines ______ primary cardinal vowels.
a. 7
b. 8
c. 9
d. 10
10. The followings belong to affricates EXCEPT ______.
a. [ts]
b. [l]
c. [D]
d. [tr]
11. According to the part of the tongue which is raised, the vowels can be divided into the following three kinds, EXCEPT for ______.
a. front
b. middle
c. central
d. back
12. A vowel is different from a consonant in English because of _______. (2011年真题)
a. absence of obstruction
b. presence of obstruction
c. manner of articulation
d. place of articulation
13. If the air stream meets with no obstruction when a sound is pronounced, it is a(n) ______.
a. voiced consonant
b. voiceless consonant
c. vowel
d. explosive
14. The internationally accepted system of phonetic transcription is ______.
a. I.P.A
b. I.A.P.S
c. I.S.S
d. S.S.I.P
1. ______ refers to two words in a language which differ from each other by only one distinctive sound (one phoneme) and which also differ in meaning.
a. Ahoneme
b. A minimal pair
c. Allophone
d. Free variation
2. Phonology is the study of ______.
a. how speech sounds are made
b. the sound system of languages
c. speech sounds are transmitted
d. how speech sounds are received
3. The following are the principle suprasegmental features EXCEPT _______.
a. syllable
b. stress
c. tone
d. phoneme
4. Which aspect does NOT belong to the phonological process?
a. A set of sounds to undergo the process
b. A set of sounds produced by the process
c. The length of the sounds in the process
d. A set of situations in which the process applies
5. ______ refers to the sound which is capable of distinguishing one word or one shape of word from another in a given language.
a. Phone
b. Allophone
c. Phoneme
d. Morpheme
6. The open syllable refers to the syllable that has no ______.
a. coda
b. onset
c. nucleus
d. rhyme
7. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in what we call tone languages. Which of the following is tone language?
a. English
b. Chinese
c. both English and Chinese
d. Neither English nor Chinese
8. If two phonetically similar sounds are two distinctive phonemes, they are said to form a ______.
a. minimal pair
b. complementary distribution
c. phonemic contrast
d. minimal set
9. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature in English phonology?
a. aspiration
b. plosiveness
c. bilabiality
d. voicelessness
1. ______ is a unit that cannot be divided into smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical.
a. Phoneme
b. Morpheme
c. Lexeme
d. Phone
2. The words such as dog, nation and close are ______.
a. affixes
b. free morphemes
c. bound morphemes
d. compounds
3. The words such as “smog” and ”brunch” are called ______.
a. abbreviation
b. acronym
c. back-formation
d. blending
4. For example, the word bead originally means “prayer”, but later it refers to “the prayer bead”, and finally “small, ball-shaped piece of glass, metal or wood”. It is called ______.
a. meaning shift
b. broadening
c. narrowing
d. borrowing
5. “Kodak” is a/an ______.
a. acronym
b. blending
c. coinage
d. clipping
6. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are ______.
a. grammatical words
b. lexical words
c. both grammatical words and lexical words
d. neither grammatical words nor lexical words
7. Pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and articles are ______.
a. open-class words
b. closed-class words
c. both open-class words and closed words
d. neither open-class nor closed-class words
8. In terms of ______, words can be divided into closed-class words and open-class words.
a. meaning
b. variability
c. quality
d. membership
9. _____ refers to any morphemes or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be added. It can be equivalent to a root, or a root and a derivational affix.
a. affix
b. root
c. stem
d. suffix
10. In the following words foot/feet, goose/geese, the affixes belong to ______.
a. suffix
b. infix
c. prefix
d. root
11. Which of the following is NOT a compound word? （大纲样题）
a. Landlady
b. Greenhouse
c. Uplift
d. Unacceptable
12. The word holiday originally meant “holy day”; but now the word signifies “any day on which we don’t have to work”. This is an example of ______. （大纲样题）
a. meaning shift
b. widening of meaning
c. narrowing of meaning
d. loss of meaning
13. The word “motel” comes from “motor + hotel”. This is an example of______ in morphology. (2010年全真)
a. backformation
b. conversion
c. blending
d. acronym
14. ______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word
formation. (2007年全真）
a. Phonology
b. Morphology
c. Semantics
d. Sociolinguistics
句法学
1. ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation of sentence.
a. Morphology
b. Syntax
c. Phonetics
d. Semantics
2. Which one of the following does NOT belong to English cases?
a. Nominative
b. Accusative
c. Genitive
d. Dative
3. When a word of a certain class determines the form of others in terms of category, it is referred to as _____.
a. generation
b. government
c. transformation
d. negation
4. ______ refers to the extent to which the sentence element contributes to the development of the communication.
a. C-command
b. Immediate constituent analysis
c. Deep structure
d. Communicative dynamism
5. ______ is a general term for verbal category that distinguish the status of events, etc. in relation to specific period of times, as opposed to their simple location in the present, past, or future.
a. tense
b. time
c. mood
d. aspect
6. The relation between elements that form part of the same form, sequence, construction, etc., e.g. between s, p, and r in a form such as spring, or between a subject and a verb in constructions such as Bill hunts is called ______.
a. syntagmatic relation
b. paradigmatic relation
b. positional relation d. relation of subsitutablity
7. In English, theme and rheme are expressed by ______.
a. subject and object
b. subject and predicate
c. predicate and object
d. object and predicate
8. Classical Creek and Arabic have a third number: ______, something like the English “both”.
a. single
b. plural
c. dual
d. trial
9. Another method to analyze a sentence from the functional perspective is ______, which is proposed by J. Firbas.
a. C-command
b. immediate constituent analysis
c. deep structure
d. communicative dynamism
10. Those constructions where there is only one head, with the head dominant and the other constituents being modifiers, are ______.
a. endocentric constructions
b. exocentric constructions
c. deep structure
d. surface structure
11. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”? (2008年真题)
a. a simple sentence
b. a coordinate sentence
c. a complex sentence
d. none of the above
12. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT ______. (2007年真题)
a. lexical
b. syntactic
c. phonological
d. psycholinguistic
13. Syntax is the study of ______. (2005年全真)
a. language functions.
b. sentence structures.
c. textual organization.
d. word formation.