怎么提高大学英语四级听力,策略有

怎么提高大学英语四级听力，策略有近些年来,大学生对于学习外语的热情不断高涨,他们学习英语的热情、兴趣和努力使他们的英语水平在会话、阅读、写作及翻译方面有了很大的提高,但是在听力方面提高的却不尽人意。因为许多学生在大学英语四级考试中,阅读理解、完型填空、写作等部分成绩非常突出,而听力理解部分的成绩却很低,甚至连及格分都拿不到。而就《大学英语课程教学基本要求》对学生英语听力能力的一般要求来说。我们可以量化为:能听懂英语授课、能听懂日常英语谈话和一般性题材讲座、能基本听懂英语慢速节目,语速130词每分钟,并能运用基本听力技巧帮助理解中心思想和信息要点,准确率不低于70%。因此解决听力种所出现得障碍是当前最为迫切的关键。这里我推荐一个在线真人外教一对一的网站给大家——阿卡索外教网来辅助大家学习，它一节课15元，外教很不错，有欧美和菲律宾的，可以随意选择，上课体验很好，时间地点都可以自己安排，比较灵活方便，感兴趣的，可以去体验下他们的英语免费试听课。

1 影响大学生英语听力水平的主要因素

( 1)听音材料语速快,学生在听的过程中反应不过来。在平时上课时,教师的语速都不快,特别使外教,为了使学生充分理解所讲内容,有意放慢语速,发音很标准。而听力材料的内容一般按英语国家正常语速录制的,语音流畅。这使很多学生一下子适应不了,对听的内容反应不过来。

( 2)没有掌握单词的正确发音,对英语的语调和连读不熟悉。许多学生对单词的正确读音不重视,平时读记单词时只是按照自己的意念,不按单词的正确音标来读、来记,因而当听到单词的正确读音时,就不能做出正确的反应和理解。

( 3)听音的方法不正确。许多学生听时不以句子、意群为单位,而是把注意力放在每个单词上,造成词与词之间不连贯。另外,有的学生在听的过程中边听边翻译,如果前面的内容没理解,后边的内容又来了,速度自然也难以跟上。

( 4)对英语国家的社会文化、风土人情了解不够,没有亲身的体验,似懂非懂难以确定。

2 提高英语听力的理论依据

一般来说,在理论上我们可将听力理解分成5个部分,即辨音、信息感知、听觉记忆、信息解码、运用所使语言使用或储存信息。在顺序上,后一个部分总是依赖前一个部分。辨音包括辨别各种语音、语调和音质等,这是听力理解的第一步。信息感知是指学生在具备了辨音能力之后有意识的感知语流中的语音组合,从而获取句子意义的阶段。听觉记忆指的是将感知到的听觉信息在被理解之前在大脑中保存一定的时间。信息解码是指理解或获取信息的过程。在经过了以上四个阶段之后,学生就可以运用所学语言将信息表达出来或储存在记忆中。Anderson对听力理解过程的划分更为简单,他认为,听力理解包括3 个相互联系而又循环往复的过程:感知处理、切分和运用。在切分阶段,听话者将短时记忆中的语音串切分成从句、短语、单词或其他语言单位,并在大脑中以心理表征的方式建构意义。在运用阶段,听话者借助世界知识和语言知识将大脑中的心理表征语与已有知识联系起来,从而对听力材料做出正确的理解。总之,听力理解是通过听觉器官和大脑的认知活动,并运用语音、词汇、语法和各种非语言知识,把感知到的声音转化为信息的过程。

3 提高大学英语四级听力的方法

( 1)打好语音基础,重视发音差异。语音是学好英语最重要的基本功,发音不准,很难提高听力水平,也很难被他人听懂。而学生刚进入大学时,听说能力参差不齐,英语发音因地域不同风格各异。教师有必要向学生传授一些语音知识,强化学生语音语调的训练,让学生养成严格按照标准语音语调发音说话的习惯。

( 2)精听与泛听相结合。为了克服听音后翻译这个不良习惯,教师要有针对性的进行段落快速听力练习,使学生做到能立刻听出段落内容,迅速回答所提问题。然后对所听材料进行一遍又一遍的精听,准确听出每个单词、短语和句子。教师选取的听力材料要先易后难,先慢后快,然后让学生逐渐适应。在听力课上,要培养正确的听音方法,有时一词半句听不清楚是正常现象,切忌焦躁,要跟上录音的速度,不要在某一单词或句子上纠缠,全神贯注, ,快速梳理听到的信息。要注意首句、关键词或关键句,把听音的重点放在意群上,并记下录音中提到的相关信息,这样可以提高答题正确率。

( 3)了解英语国家的风土人情,增强体验感。要经常参加专题讲座形式的小论坛,话题可涉及到方方面面。例如:民俗、教育、历史、时尚、食物等。每个学

生可以根据自己的爱好选择不同的话题。一个学生讲完后,其他学生可以补充或提问。通过这样的活动,既可以使学生对西方的文化有更深的了解,也可时学生达到多说多练的目的,从而提高听力水平。

( 4)善于运用一些技巧。在听力练习、考试中运用一些技巧也有助于对所听内容的理解,提高答题的正确率。

1)关于短对话听力的应对策略:八个短对话按照真题分析可以归纳为如下场景:涉及校园场景、天气场景、医院场景、面试场景、租房场景、娱乐场景、餐馆场景、选课场景、作业场景、图书馆场景。英语交际通常使用一种模式化的语言,在固定的场景中其词汇和表达也相对比较固定,平时注意积累场景高频词汇和习惯表达,考生只要在复习时重点突出,强化训练,就可以在英语四级听力短对话部分做到未听半知的状态。

2)两组长对话是个新生事物,对学生短时记忆和快速提取信息的能力提出了更为严峻的挑战。长对话分值为7% ,难度上增加不大,但话轮的频繁更替使部分考生不太适应。建议学生训练时要抓紧时间审题、读选项、做笔记,否则考试中很难适应。从出题类型分析,长对话的问题主要集中在:原因追问、建议句型、反问句式、语意转折,固定表达。

3 )短文听力一般由三个自然段构成,体裁涉及范围变化不大,而且重复率较高。基本上以议论文、说明文和记叙文三大体裁为听力素材的基本内容。听力理解的短文每段一般有三到四个问题,问题往往涉及议论文的论点、分论点、典型论据以及结论和作者态度方面等;而说明文则就所说明的对象、它的典型特征、主要步骤和关键细节等提问;记叙文则以考察事情的起因、经过和结果等要素为提问的核心内容。短文听力理解和短文阅读理解的不同之处就在于口头信息转瞬消失,所以考生必须充分利用问题后面的选项提示, ( a)大胆预测短文的内容。( b)及时做好听力笔记,摘要记录关键信息。( c)抓住问题的含义,进行正确推导。( d)利用题目之间的选项关系进行适度地类推和印证,从而得出正确答案。短文听力对考生的语言感知能力、逻辑思维能力、短时记忆能力都是一个挑战。考生只有在多读、多听的基础上才能提高短文理解的准确率。

4)复合式听写的短文长度一般为250 字左右,全文通读三遍,要求考生在第一遍后能够了解材料的主要内容和关键信息。第二遍要求考生根据听到的内容将

短文中缺少的词汇填空,第二遍朗读速度较慢。第三遍阅读速度最快,要求考生检查听写的内容。听写填空对于四级考生来讲,主要难度在于词汇的掌握和理解,尤其是测试中常见的高频词汇。

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Section A 11. M: Shawn's been trying for months to find a job. But I wonder how he could get a job when he looks like that. W: Oh, that poor guy! He really should shave himself every other day at least and put on something clean. Q: What do we learn about Shawn? 12. W: I wish Jane would call when she know she'll be late. This is not the first time we've had to wait for her. M: I agree. But she does have to drive through very heavy traffic to get here. Q: What does the man imply? 13. M: Congratulations! I heard your baseball team is going to the Middle Atlantic Championship. W: Yeah, we're all working real hard right now! Q: What is the woman's team doing? 14. W: John's been looking after his mother in the hospital. She was injured in a car accident two weeks ago and still in critical condition. W：Oh, that's terrible. And you know his father passed away last year. Q: What do we learn about John? 15. M: What a boring speaker! I could hardly stay awake. W: Well, I don't know. In fact, I think it's been a long time since I've heard anyone is good. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 16. W: I'm having a lot of trouble with logic and it seems my professor can't explain it in a way that makes sense to me. M: Y ou know, there is a tutoring service on campus. I was about to drop statistics before they helped me out. Q: What does the man mean? 17. M: This is a stylish overcoat. I saw you wearing it last week, did't I ? W: Oh, that wasn't me. That was my sister Jill. She's in your class. Q: What does the woman mean? 18. M: Jane, suppose you lost all your money while taking a vacation overseas, what would you do?

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