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考研英语同义词、近形词、词根、前后缀归纳总结

考研英语同义词、近形词、词根、前后缀归纳总结
考研英语同义词、近形词、词根、前后缀归纳总结

根据最近几年考研真题整理出来的考研词汇与大家分享考研同义近形词归纳

一.名词中同义词、近形词部分归纳

1.表示“能力”意思的词语:Ability, capability, competency, faculty, capacity, gift, talent 2.表示“目的、目标”意思的词语:Aim, purpose, aim, intent, intention, goal, end

3.表示“关系、联系”意思的词语:Ties, bonds, links, connection, association, relations, combination, relationship, interrelations, relevance

4.表示“差别”意思的词语:Difference, distinction, differentiation

5.表示“资本、资金”意思的词语:Capital, fund, money, relief 6.表示“个人”意思的词语:

Person, people, folks, individuals,

man, human being

7.表示“意义、含义”意思的词

语:Meaning, significance,

implication, connotation

8.表示“部分、成分”意思的词

语:Part, element, ingredient,

component, factor, segment

9.表示“不平等、歧视”意思的

词语:Inequality, bias, prejudice,

discrimination

10.表示“对手、支持者”意思的

词语:Opponent, rivals,

proponent, advocates

11.表示“商品”意思的词语:

Commodity, goods

12.表示“将来”意思的词语:

Future, prospect

13.表示“理由”意思的词语:

Reason, ground, cause

14.表示“后代、子孙”意思的词

语:Offspring, descendant,

posterity, children

15.表示“补充”意思的词语:

Complement, supplement,

append

16.表示与“树木”有关的词语:

Bush, shrub

, jungle

17.表示“边界”意思的词语:Boundary, border, frontier, verge

18.表示“错误”意思的词语:Blunder, error, mistake, fault

19.表示“基础”意思的词语:Basis, foundation, ground

20.表示“会议”意思的词语:Assembly, conference, congress, seminar, session, summit, symposium, meeting, gathering, party

21.表示“区域”意思的词语:Area, district, region, vicinity, zone

22.表示“成就”意思的词语:Accomplishment, attainment, achievement, success

23.表示“要点、摘要”意思的词语:abstract, digest, outline, summary

24.表示“程度”意思的词语:to the degree, to some extent

25.表示“生气”意思的词语:Anger, fury, indignation, resentment, hate, hatred

26.表示“ 痛苦,悲伤”意思的词语:pain, sadness, unhappiness, misery, anguish 27.表示“标准”意思的词语:standard, criteria 28.字形相似的词:welfare(福利), warfare(战争), farewell(告别)

29.字形相似的词:attitude(态度), altitude(海拔,高度), magnitude(数量), multitude(多数), aptitude(天资,天赋), latitude(纬度, 地区), gratitude(感谢)

30.字形相似的词:convention(习俗,传统), conversion(变化,转换),conviction(坚定的信念或看法), conservation(保存,保持), conversation(交谈)

31.字形相似和近义词:vocation, job, work, profession, occupation, field, career, /vacation, holiday, travel, journey, voyage, trip, excursion 32.近义词:pace(步伐), speed(速度,速率), rate(速度,百分比),ratio(比例,比率), rhythm (韵律,节奏)

33.近义词:process(进程,过程), procedure(步骤,手续),course(时间的经过)

二.常用的动词同义词归纳

1.表示“导致”意思的词语:Lead to, bring about,

give rise to, give

birth to, contribute to, cause…to, result in, engender, render, prompt, cause, make, result from(起因于)2.表示“面对、偶遇”意思的词语:Confront, be confronted with, face, be faced with, meet with, encounter.

3.表示“集中于”意思的词语:Center on, focus on, concentrate on

4.表示“对付、处理”意思的词语:Deal with, cope with, handle, tackle, manipulate,

5.表示“消失”意思的词语:Disappear, vanish, fade, perish

6.表示“减少、增加”意思的词语:Diminish, lessen, decrease, drop, reduce, fall, /accumulate, increase, rise, soar, rocket

7.表示“依靠、依赖”意思的词语:Rely on(upon), depend on(upon), count on (upon), rest on(upon) 8.表示“变化”意思的词语:Change, turn, vary/range, alter, transform, shift, convert.

9.表示“指控”意思的词语:Charge with, accuse of, sue for, condemn, denounce, prosecute

10.表示“克服、战胜”意思的词语:Overcome, conquer, defeat,

11.表示“获得、得到”意思的词语:Achieve, obtain, get, accomplish, earn, attain, secure, acquire, gain 12.表示“抓住”意思的词语:Catch, seize, capture, catch hold of, grab

13.表示“限制”意思的词语:Limit, confine, restrict. 14.表示“强迫”意思的词语:compel, constrain, force, oblige。

15.表示“责怪”意思的词语:blame, condemn, reproach, scold。

16.表示“困惑、迷惑”意思的词语:bewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass, perplex。

17.表示“赞扬、称赞”意思的词语:applaud, clap, commend, praise

18.表示“扩大、加强”意思的词语:amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expand

19.表示“声称”意思的词语:affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim。

20.表示“附加”意思的词语:affiliate, link, attach, append。

21.表示“调整、改变”意思的词语:adjust, regulate, rectify, amend,convert, alter, modify, transform, vary。

22.表示“提供”意思的词语:accommodate, afford, furnish。

23.表示“取消、除掉”意思的词语:abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish 24.表示“遵守”意思的词语:abide by, adhere to, conform to , comply with。

25.表示“繁荣、兴旺”意思的词语:flourish, boom, prosper, succeed.

26.表示“阻止、停止”意思的词语:stop…from, prevent...from, keep from, halt, pause, cease

27.表示“忍受”意思的词语:endure, bear, stand, tolerate, put up with, live with

28.表示“来自于,出自于,起因于”意思的词语:come from, arise from,derive from, originate from, stem from, result from.

29.表示“起作用,有重要性”意思的词语:count, matter, play a role, play a part。

30.字形相似的词:Undergo(经历), understand (理解), undertake(承担,约定), undercut(减低), underlie(成为基础), underline(下划线,强调), undo(解开,恢复),

undermine(weaken削弱)

31.Describe(描绘), prescribe(开处方,规定), ascribe… to(归因于),subscribe…to(捐助,同意,订阅)

32.Believe(相信), relieve…of (减轻), belief (观点), relief(救济)

33.字形相似的词:reduce(减少), deduce(推论,推断), induce(引诱,促使), produce

34.近义词:release(解放,释放), announce(宣布,通知), declare(公开,宣布), proclaim(官方宣布)

35.字形相似的词:adopt(采纳,采取,收养), adapt (to) (改写,适应), adept(熟练的)

36.字形相似的词:rise---rose, risen(上升,起身), arise(出现), raise(举起,抬起,抚养), praise (赞扬), arouse(引起,激起)。

37.字形相似的词:assure(使相信,使放心assure sb. of sth, assure sb. that

), ensure (ensure sth, ensure that保证), insure(保险,投保)

38.近义词:remember (记得,记住),remind sb. to do(提醒做某事),remind sb. of sth. (使人想起),

recall (回忆起,回想起)

39.近义词:代替replace … By /with …和Substitute ... For…。

40.表示“吃惊,惊奇”意思的词语:surprise, shock, amaze, astonish,astound,

三.形容词和副词同义词归纳

1.表示“与……有关/联系”意思的词组:Be relevant to, be related to, be tied to, be linked to, be associated with, be connected with, be combined with

2.表示“好”意思的词语:wonderful, excellent, good, super, superb, magnificent, first-class, remarkable, fantastic, cool, splendid.

3.表示“充足”意思的词语:sufficient, enough, adequate, rich, abundant, plentiful

4.表示“不足”意思的词语:lack, be short of, for want of, for lack of,

5.表示“可怕、有害”意思的词语:dreadful, terrible, frightening, horrible, awful, harmful, bad, detrimental, adverse, unfavorable, negative.

6.表示“有能力做”意思的词语:be competent in/as/to do , be capable of , be qualified for/as, be able to

7.表示“传统、习惯”等有关的词语:traditional, conventional, customary, habitual, social, global 8.表示“许多、大量”意思的词语:many/much, a lot of/lots of/, a large number of, a large amount of, plenty of , plentiful, considerable, ample, numerous, countless,

9.表示“合不合适”意思的词语:right, proper, suitable, appropriate, fit, improper, unsuitable, inappropriate, unfit

10.表示“效果、效率”意思的词语:effective, effectual, efficient, sufficient

11.表示“合不合理”的词语:logical, reasonable, sensible, rational, /illogical, unreasonable, irrational 12.表示“倾向于”意思的词语:be likely to, be liable to, be inclined to, be apt to, tend to

13.表示“意不意识到”的词语:be aware of, be conscious of, be unaware of, be unconscious of, subconscious(潜意识的)

14.表示“简短”意思的词语:brief, concise, in brief, in short

15.表示“合不合法”意思的词语:legitimate, lawful, legal, illegal,

16.表示“精确、准确”意思的词语:accurate, precise, exact,

17.表示与“身体”有关意思的词语:bodily, physical, mental, spiritual, materialistic,

18.表示“态度”意思的词语:optimistic, pessimistic, objective, subjective, impartial,

19.表示与“谨慎、小心”有关意思的词语:careful, cautious, prudent, careless, carefree

20.表示“虚弱”意思的词语:weak, fragile, frail, invalid, feeble, vulnerable

21.表示“基本”意思的词语:basic, elementary, fundamental, primary

22.表示“天生”意思的词语:inborn, innate, inherent, gifted, talented

23.表示“普遍、一般”意思的词语:average, common, general, universal, usual

24.表示“明显的,清楚的”意思的词语:apparent, evident, self-evident, manifest, obvious, distinct, clear/ ambiguous, obscure, unclear

25.表示“严重的、紧急的”意思的词语:acute, critical, crucial, urgent, serious, emergent

26.表示“愚蠢,可笑”的词语:absurd, ridiculous, silly, foolish, stupid, ironic, funny

27.表示“节约,奢侈”的词语:economic(经济的), economical(节约的), thrifty(节省的), simple, luxurious, extravagant(浪费的), generous(大方的)28.表示“富裕”意思的词语:rich, wealthy, affluent,well-off

29.表示“仅仅,唯一,就是”意思的词语:only, just, merely, solely, simply, uniquely, alone

30.表示“可能的”意思的词语:possible, likely, probable, presumable

31.表示“有决心的,坚定的”意思的词语:determined, resolute, firm, decisive

32.表示“不断的,不停的”意思的词语:continual, continuous, uninterrupted, successive, eternal, endless, successful(成功的), succession(连续不断) 33.表示“永久的,永恒的”意思的词语:lasting, ever-lasting, permanent, perpetual, temporary(暂时的)

34.表示“致命的,要死的”意思的词语:deadly, fatal, mortal,

35.表示“重要的,必要的,关键的”意思的词语:

important, significant, vital, critical, crucial, necessary, essential, indispensable

36.表示“ 愿不愿意”意思的词语:Willing, unwilling=reluctant

37.表示“喜欢、感兴趣”意思的词语:be interested in, be keen on, be fond of, be crazy about, be enthusiastic about, be addicted to(上瘾) 38.Internal(内部的), inclusive(包含的), intensive, inside, implicit, external, exclusive, extensive, outside, explicit

39.Consequent(由…而起), subsequent(随后的), frequent(经常的)

40.字形相似的词:optimal(最佳的,最理想的), optional(可选择的), optical(视力的,光学的), optimistic(乐观的)

四.动词常用后缀

en-, em-使成为

enable(使能够)encourage(鼓励)

enforce(实施)

enlarge(扩大)

entitle(有权利做)

empower(授权)endanger(危害)

enjoy(喜欢)

enrich(变富,使丰富)ensure(确保)

enlighten(启发)

entrust(委托)

-en做,使变成…

fasten(系好)

harden(使坚固)

lengthen(加长)

threaten(威胁)

loosen(放松,松弛)widen(拓宽)

weaken(削弱)

strengthen(加强)

hasten(急忙,赶快)shorten(缩短)

entail(使必要)

encode(解码)

enclose(装入,封入)

enforce(实施,实行)

engender(造成,产生)

enroll(招收,登记)

-ify …化,使成为…,变成…

beautify(美化)

intensify(加剧)

horrify(使恐怖)

clarify(澄清)

identify(辨认,识别)justify(认为合理)specify (指定,详述)

solidify(巩固)purify(洁净,净化)qualify(胜任,有资格)rectify( 改正,修改)

-ize …化,照…样子做

apologize(道歉)

maximize(最大化)

organize(组织)

utilize(使用)

mobilize(动员)

criticize(批评) publicize(宣传)

visualize(想象)

democratize(民主化)characterize(概括)specialize(专攻)

realize(实现)industrialize(工业化)revolutionize(彻底改革)

recognize(认出)

civilize(使文明)

五.形容词常用后缀

-able, -ible, -ble能够…,值得…knowledgeable(知识渊博的)

sustainable(可持续的)

acceptable

available(可以得到的)

comparable(可比的)

favorable(有利的)

honorable(可敬的,光荣的)liable(倾向于,有责任的)

noticeable(注

意到的)reliable(可靠的)

unbelievable (难以相信的)

responsible

-al…的,行为,人,物

skeptical(怀疑的)

perpetual(永恒的)

commercial(商业的)

annual(每年的)

casual(随意的)

classical(古典式的)

continual(不断的)

conventional(传统的)

experimental(实验的)

identical(相同的)

optional(选择的)

detrimental(有害的)

critical(关键的,批评的)original(原始的,原创的)

-ate -----

affectionate(亲爱的)passionate(热情的,多情的)

-ed …的

accustomed(习惯的)advanced(先进的)ashamed(羞愧的)

beloved(敬爱的)

complicated(复杂的)

crowded(拥挤的)

learned(有学问的)

limited(有限的)

naked(裸露的)

puzzled(困惑的)

amazed(吃惊的)

-en做,使,…的,人

golden(金色的),

wooden(木制的)

woolen(羊毛的)

-ent----

proficient(熟练的)

turbulent(动荡不安的)

persistent(坚持的)

-ful…的

powerful(强大的)

doubtful(怀疑的)

colorful(五颜六色的)

faithful(忠诚的)

fearful(畏惧的)

fruitful(有成效的)

grateful(感谢的)

hopeful(有希望的)

peaceful(和平的)

plentiful(大量的)

thoughtful(善于思考的,体贴的)-Fold ---- 倍数tenfold(十倍的)

hundredfold

-ic,ical …的,人,…学

optimistic(乐观的)

dynamic(有活力的)

academic(学术的,学业的

artistic(艺术的,高尚的)economic(经济的)electronic(电子的)

heroic(英勇的)organic(有机的)systematic (系统的)

practical(实际的)statistical(统计的)

-ish …的,有…性质的

selfish(自私的)

British(英国的)

-sive ----

divisive(分裂的)aggressive(挑衅的,好斗的)-tive …的,人,物

assimilative(同化的)conservative(保守的)active(积极的)

comparative(比较的)collective(集体的)creative(有创造力的)

relative(相关的)

protective(保护的)

-less无…的,不…的

endless(无穷的)

careless(粗心的)

helpless(无助的)

hopeless(没希望的)restless(不安的)worthless(无价值的)

-like如…的childlike(像孩子一样的), godlike (神似的)

-ly …的,…地deadly(致命的)

elderly(上了年纪的)

monthly/weekly/yearly

-ous,-ious …的

ambitious(有抱负的)anxious(着急的)cautious(小心的)

curious(好奇的)

dangerous(危险的)delicious(美味的)famous(著名的)

glorious(光荣的)

religious(宗教的)

suspicious(怀疑的)

insidious(隐蔽的)

-some---

handsome(英俊的)

burdensome(有负担的)

troublesome(麻烦的)

tiresome(讨厌的)

quarrelsome(好争吵的)

-y…的,人,物

rainy(下雨的)noisy(嘈杂的)dirty

greedy(贪婪的)

sunny/rainy/cloudy/stormy

wealthy(富裕的)

slippery(滑的)

-ory---- compulsory(强迫的,义务的)

illusory(欺骗的,虚幻的)

同源异义形容词归纳

在英语中有些词有两种或两种以上的形容词形式,它们具有词形相近,但词义不同的特点,在识别时容易用错,需要引起我们特别注意。alternate (changing by turns) 轮流的,交替的alternative (giving a choice between two things) 选择的,两者择一的;

beneficial 有益的

beneficent 多多行善的

childish 幼稚的(ish的形容词后缀常带有贬义)childlike 孩子般的,天真的

classic 一流的

classical 古典的

clean 干净的

cleanly 有干净习惯的Are cats cleanly animals?

comprehensible 可以理解的

comprehensive 全面的,综合的;广泛的;能充分理解的, 包容的

confident 有信心的,自信的

confidential 机密的,机要的

considerable 可以考虑的,相当的,相当多(大)的 a considerable income/distance

considerate (thoughtful)体谅的,体贴的周到的She is considerate to others.

contemptible可卑的;可耻的 a contemptible lie contemptuous表示轻视的 a contemptuous look

continual: 连续的,断断续续的continual rain/noise

continuous (going on without a break, an uninterrupted flow) 连续不断的,不停的

/continuous fight/work

credible可信的,可靠的 a credible witness credulous (too ready to believe thing) 轻易相信的,易上当的He always cheats credulous people. creditable (that brings credit)可称赞的 a creditable record/deed/effort

incredible 难以置信的

incredulous 不轻易相信人的

comparable 可比较的,有类似之处的comparative 比较而言的,相当的

/There is no scenery comparable to that of the West lake.

没有地方的景色能与西湖的景色相媲美。

/He lived in comparative comfort recently.

他最近生活得相当舒适。

desirable 合意的,令人想要的

desirous 渴望的

desired 某人想要的

disinterested 公平的,公正的

uninterested 冷淡的,不感兴趣的

distinct(clear) 明显的,清晰的

distinctive(characteristic) 独特的,有区别的

earthly 人间的,尘世的

earthy 泥土似的

elementary 基本的

elemental 自然的

economic 经济的,经济学的economic

policy/geography/crisis/

economical(careful in the spending of money and time, not waste) 经济的,节俭的;

/an economical housewife/store(节俭的主妇或节约型商店)

effective 有效果的

efficient 有效率的

effectual 奏效的

ineffectual 无效的

electric: 用电的,带电的, 有电的electric current/cable

electrical: relating to electricity, an idea of a less close connection with electricity

与电有关的,电气的

electronic engineering/apparatus 电气工程学/电气设备

exceptionable 反对的

exceptional 非凡的;特殊的,例外的

eternal 永恒的, 永远的, 不灭的, 没完没了的external 外部的,外面的

internal 内部的,里面的

exclusive 排外的, 孤高的, 唯我独尊的;独占的, 唯一的, 独家的

inclusive 包括在内的,包含一切的

fatal 致命的

fateful 决定性的

fleshly 肉体的

fleshy 肥胖的

forgettable 可以忘记的,

forgetful 健忘的(常指人)

healthy 健康的

healthful 有易于健康的

historic(famous in history) 历史上著名的;(associated with past times)与过去时代有关的,

比如a historic event/speech 历史事件/历史演说historical(belong to history) 历史上的

/a historical people/novel/play/film/painting 历史人物/小说/戏剧/电影/绘画

homely 家常的,丑的

homelike 像家的

imaginable: 可以想象得imaginable difficulties imaginary: 想象中的,不真实的an imaginary figure

imaginative: 有想象力的,运用想象力的an imaginative writer

impractical 不切合实际的

impracticable 无法使用的

implicit 暗含的,不清楚的

explicit 明显的,清楚地

industrial 工业的the industrial revolution/products/system

industrious=hard-working, diligent勤奋的,刻苦的industrious people

ingenious 有独创性的;机灵的;精制的;具有创造才能

ingenuous 直率的,天真的

intelligent 有才智的, 聪明的an intelligent looking girl intelligent answer

intelligible 易了解的, 易领悟的an intelligible speech/explanation

intellectual 知识的, 智力的

tense 紧张的

intense 强烈的,剧烈的,高度的intense heat 炽热/pain an intense lady 热情的女子

intensive 精深的,集中的intensive reading/study 彻底研究/agriculture 密集农业

extensive 广泛的

inborn 天生的

inherent 固有的,内在的

innate 天生的

intrinsic 内在的,根本的

instinctive 本能的

kind 慈善地

kindly 友好的,亲切的

likely 可能的

likable 可爱的

liberal 自由的

literal 文字的, 照字面上的, 真的

literate 识字的,有文化的

illiterate 不识字的,文盲的

literary 文学的

manly 男人气派的

male 男的

masculine 男性的

memorable 值得记忆的,不能忘却的

memorial 纪念的;

momentary 瞬时的,短时的

momentous 重大的

movable 可移动的,变动的

mobile 可动的,活动地;移动的;mobile phones 移动电话

mysterious 神秘的

mystical 奥妙的

miraculous 奇迹般的

negligent 忽视的,粗心大意的

negligible 可忽视的

notable 著名的(指事)

noted 著名的(指人)

notorious 臭名昭著的

official 官方的

officious 多管闲事的

politic 精明的political 政治的

potent 强有力的

potential 潜在的,可能的

practical 实际的

practicable 可行的,通行的

regretful 遗憾的,一般用人做主语)regrettable 遗憾的(指事)

relevant 相关的,相近的

relative 相对的

respectable(deserving respect) 值得尊敬的,有名望的 a respectable man/profession

respectful(showing respect) 尊敬人的,有礼貌的,He is always respectful to the elders. respective (belongs to each of these)分别的,各自的They sat on their respective chairs.

rigorous 严格的, 严厉的, 严酷的, 严峻的vigorous 精力充沛的,精神抖擞的

seasonable 及时的

seasonal 季节的

sensible(reasonable, having good sense)实用的,明智的

/a sensible woman/idea/ 豁达的妇女/明知的观点;sensible clothes 实用的衣服

sensitive(quick to receive impression) 敏感的 a sensitive skin sensitive paper 感光纸sensational 轰动一时的,耸人听闻的

sensual 感官的

skillful 熟练的

skilled 需要技能的

social 社会的

sociable 善社交的,社交能力强的

spiritual 精神的

spirituous 酒精的

tortuous 弯曲的

torturous 受刑的

transitory 短时间的(指事) transient 瞬时的(指人) temporal 一时的, 暂时的, 世俗的temporary 暂时的,

varied 变化了的,

various 各种各样的,多样的variable 多变的,变化多端的

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