英美文学 阅读理解
Hamlet
Question1:Why is sleep so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?
Ans wer
Death means the end of life, you may go to or unknown world and you can’t comeback,. If he dies, Hamlet 's can't r ealize his will. Though “sleep” can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks, it is a state of mind. Hamlet didn’t know at all. He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long “dream”. He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep, may be good may be evil. (by Yang Shuo)
Because “to sleep-perchance to dream: ay, there’s the rub! For in the sleep of death what dreams may come when we have shuffled off this mortal coil, must give us pause. There is the respect that makes calamity of so long life.”(by Du Yabing)
Question2: Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet?
Ans wer
I think this answer may be appropriate. But that the dread of something after death- the undiscovered country, from whose bourn No traveler returns-puzzles the will. (by Yang Shuo)
Because people hold the same idea "to grunt and sweat under a weary life, but that the dread of something after death-the undiscover’d country, form whose bourn no traveler returns-puzzle the will, and make us rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we know not of?”People also are frightened by the myths in another world after death.(by Du Yabing)
Question3:What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.
Ans wer
They don’t know the result after their taking the action. Such as Hamlet, he doesn’t know what would happen if he kills his uncle or kills himself . So Hamlet was hesitated. (by Yang Shuo)
“thus conscience does make cowards of us all, and thus native hue of resolution is sicklied o ver with the pale cast of thought, and enterprises of great pitch and moment with this regard their current turn awry and lose the name of action." It is the fear for the unknown world and the lake of confidence for the future make people loose determination to take action. But in my opinion Hamlet’s hesitation should be concerned from a different point of view. Hamlet is a true man. He always considered for his country and the people, maybe his hesitation due to the meditation on death and the fear of unknown world after death, but the main reason lies in his all-round consideration for his nation. He wants to change the dark existing world but it is beyond his ability, he has no idea what he should do. He knows his death can’t solve the problems deeply rooted in the society. So he hesitated about what he should do as the prince of Demark. His revenge is not everything for him. And he clearly knows that the sudden death of king may arise some disorders in the country. Thus he confused about his action.
The Flea
1. Why does the poet say that "this cannot be said a sin, or shame, or loss of maidenhead"?
The speaker tells his beloved to look at the flea before them and to note "how little" is that thing that she denies him. For the flea, he says, has sucked first his blood, then her blood, so
that now, inside the flea, they are mingled; and that mingling cannot be called "sin, or s hame, or loss of maidenhead." The flea has joined them together in a way that, "alas, is more than we would do."
2. What do you think is the addressee's parents' attitude toward the poet's wooing?
The addressee's parents' attitude are against him. (...Though parents grudge...)
3. What is the real purpose of the poet to say that in killing the flea "thou" are actually killing three lives?
He compares the killing of the flea to murder. It would be “three sins in killing three” (l. 18) since he and his lover would be killed within the flea if she were to follow her natural tendency to dispose of the insect. He even states that the act of killing the flea would be “sacrilege”. This is a term that is generally applied to acts that go against religion. If the lover denies the fact that their blood, and therefore their lives, are contained within the flea, it is similar to committing an irreligious act. This would seem to make the reverse, to acknowledge their closeness within the flea, compatible with religion. To acknowledge this closeness is also to acknowledge that it is allowable, which could lead to the conclusion that Donne wishes his lover to arrive at: she should give in to his desires because there is nothing wrong with the intimate mingling of two people.
1.Mark: notice 注意
2.Me it sucked first: It sucked me first sucked: 吮吸
3.mingled: 混合，融合
4.woo: 求爱
5.pampered swells: Pregnancy 指怀孕
6.and this, alas, is more than we would do; we, alas, don’t dare to hope for this consummation of our love, nevertheless the flee accepts it.
7.nay more than married are: we enjoy greater pleasures than those we can after marriage. Nay: 不仅如此，而且
8.grudge: 嫉妒；不愿给
9.jet: 指他们现在滔滔不绝的谈话
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/546765385.html,e: habit 习俗势力
11.apt: 有…倾向的
12.sacriledge: 亵渎；渎圣
13.three sins in killing three; the lover will commit three sins in killing his or her lover, the flea and their baby which was not yet born.
14.yields to me: 屈从于我，指诗中情人答应了“我”的要求。
Paradise Lost
John Milton, a poet and political commenter of the English Bourgeois Revolution, is the most sublime and most lonely figure in English literature, whose importance is acknowledged all over the world. He is the last rearguard of the Renaissance and the primary promoter of
Enlightenment. The love of every form of human culture and the steadfast devotion to duty as the highest object in human life have shaped his entire career.
Of all his great works, Paradise Lost is the most complicated and most profound one, which wins him endless honor. It is indeed the only generally recognized epic in English literature since Beowulf and a heroic poem in Renaissance style. It deals with revolt from God, with sin and fall, and with the possible salvation. It presents the author’s views in an allegoric religious form, and readers will easily discern its basic idea—exposure of the ways of Satan and justification of the ways of God to men. It is the reflection of the reactionary forces of Milton’s time and the passionate appeal for freedom.
As the main character of Paradise Lost, Satan is definitely impressive and powerful, whose ambivalence catches all critics’ eyes and leads to centuries’ disputes. Those commenters can be classified into three groups. The first group mainly consists of revolutionists. They traditionally read this epic with strong political inclination, putting Satan at the place of protagonist and considering him a symbol of revolution, which must be influenced greatly by those western romantic poets such as William Blake and Percy B. Shelley (Fowler 45). They are generally called pro-Satanists.
约翰·弥尔顿,一个诗人和政治commenter英语的资产阶级革命,是最崇高和最孤寂的身影在英文文献,其重要性是公认的世界各地。他是最后一个后卫的文艺复兴和主要发起人的启迪。爱任何形式的人类文化和坚定的责任心为最高目标在人类生活中塑造了他的整个职业生涯。
他的伟大的作品,《失乐园》是最复杂和最深刻的一个,他无穷的赢得荣誉。它确实是唯一的公认的史诗《比奥武夫》以来,英国文学英雄诗在文艺复兴风格。它论及反抗从神来的,罪恶和秋天,在可能的救恩。提出了作者的观点在一个allegoric宗教形式,读者会很容易辨别的方法的基本idea-exposure撒旦的理由神的道男人。它是反射的反动势力的弥尔顿的时间和充满热情的呼吁自由。
作为《失乐园》的主角,撒但绝对惊人而强大,其矛盾段持批评意见的人的眼睛,导致世纪的争议。那些commenters可分为三组。第一组主要由革命者。传统上他们读这史诗带有很强的政治倾向,把撒旦地考虑他又是一个象征革命,它必须显著影响等西方的浪漫主义诗人威廉·布莱克和珀西b
雪莱(福勒45)。他们一般称为pro-Satanists。
Short Comment on Satan in Paradise Lost
since Apollo’s divine word “to understand yourself”, the western literature has been always fulfilling such pursuit and being in continuous self-questioning. Like Puluomixius’rejection to divinity, 亚哈’s to nature, Satan’s fighting against God also ended up with failure. They are showing people with the limitation of mankind, reminding people o...
“Paradise Lost” is Minton’s masterpiece .It is a long epic in 12 books,
written in blank verse. The story were taken from the Old Testament: the creation of the earth and Adam and Eve, the fallen angels in hell plotting against God, Satan’s temptation of Eve, and the departure of Adam and Eve from Eden .Satan and his followers are banished from heaven and driven into hell, but even here in hell, mist flames and poisonous fumes,
Satan and his adherents are not discouraged. The poem ,as we are told at the outset, was “to justify the ways of God to man”,ie to advocate submission to the Almighty.
The epic shows the writer’s misery after the Restoration, and his determination for revolution. The style of the epic is grand, which is the result of his life-long classical and biblical study.
简短的注释以撒但在《失乐园》中
自从阿波罗的神的道,“理解自己”,一直是西方文学追求实现这样的,并不断反思。像Puluomixius 遭受的拒绝,亚哈的神性,自然,撒但的攻击神也最终以失败告终。他们正在给人们展示与人类的局
限性,它提醒人们啊…
《失乐园》是明顿的杰作。这是一个很长的史诗十二本书,
写在空白的诗句。这故事来自《旧约全书》:创造大地和亚当和夏娃,堕落天使在地狱密谋反对神,
撒但的诱惑的前夕,告别亚当和夏娃的伊甸园中。撒旦和他的追随者被传送从天上降下来,被推入地狱,但即使是在阴间,雾和有毒的气体火焰,撒旦和他的信徒不沮丧。这首诗,当我们被告知在开始时,被证明对人神的道”,即提倡提交全能者。
史诗显示作者的苦难,修复后,他的决心为革命。史诗的风格是盛大的,这是由于他的终身古典和
《圣经》的研究。
英美文学导论
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国文学各个历史断代的主要历史背景，文学文化思潮，文学流派，社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等；选读部分主要节选了英美文学史上各个时期重要作家的代表作品，包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。 除绪论部分外，本大纲对其他部分均一一列出知识点 上篇英国文学 （绪论部分内容常识性了解） 第一章文艺复兴时期 一学习目的和要求 通过本章的学习，了解文艺复兴运动和人文主义思潮产生的历史、文化背景，认识该时期文学创作的基本特征和基本主张，及其对同时代及后世英国文学乃至文化的影响；了解该时期重要作家的文学生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想
全国2014年4月自考英美文学选读真题
绝密★考试结束前 全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试 英美文学选读试题 课程代码：00604 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。全部题目用英文作答。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each) Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet. 1. Shakespeare has established his giant position in world literature with his ______ plays, 154 sonnets and 2 long poems. A. 27 B. 38 C.47 D. 52 2. john Milton’s literary achievement can be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the last ______. A. romances B. dramas C. great poems D. ballads 3. The novels of ______ are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower— class people. A. John Milton B. Daniel Defoe C. Henry Fielding D. Jonathan Swift
英美文学推荐课外阅读书目和期刊
向学生推荐阅读书目 A.S. Byatt：Possession Charles Dickens：David Copperfield Doris Lessing：The Grass Is Singing Emily Bronte：Wuthering Heights Henry James: Daisy Miller James Joyce：A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man John Galsworthy：The Man of Property Joseph Conrad：Heart of Darkness, Lord Jim Lewis Carroll: Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland Oscar Wilde：The Picture of Dorian Gray Robert Louis Stevenson: Treasure Island Rudyard Kipling: Kim Sir Walter Scott: Ivanhoe Thomas Hardy：Tess of the D'Urbervilles, Jude the Obscure Virginia Woolf：Mrs. Dalloway, To the Lighthouse William Golding：Lord of the Flies William Thackeray：Vanity Fair 期刊 1.English Language Learning 2.English Digest 3.College English 4.China Today
英美文学学习方法
《英美文学选》学习方法首先我想与大家谈论一下参考书，我看见网上有人询问是否有 什么好的参考书。我总共买了二本参考书，用处不大，浪费时间不少。只有把课本彻底看透， 你才能掌握主要脉络。仔细对照，你可以看出参考书上无非也是从书上copy过来，只能让你 看一遍参考书，又看一遍书本。我能理解大家想偷机取巧的想法，参考书必定是比课本薄得 多，看上去象精选集，但事实并非如此，实际考题说明一切。考题不会超大纲，答案自然都 在书上。只不过来年考题会从越来越偏僻角落去选择，所以课本也就越发重要。我现在都能 想象出题老师得意笑容，我出的题难什么，都在书上。 当我看完第一遍书时，其过程实在是艰涩痛苦，捏着厚厚书真觉得苦海无涯，望也望不 到出头之日。但奇妙的感觉在后面，当我第二，三，四遍看完，当然到后面是以翻看形式了， 书本捏在手上变得越来越薄了。我认为以课本为基础，在自己脑海中形成的超薄精选集才是 正直实用有效的参考书，在网上是下载不到，书店里也买不到。你所需要做的是把这课本看 懂，读透，翻烂。i dont want to say this is only choice, but it actually is, and an most direct and efficient way. don’t find too much resources, which cant easy your job, but increase your burden. 我看见许多人说背不出，或怎样背。大家都是这条路上过来的难兄难弟，多半白天要上 班，晚上要背书，有段时间我近似绝望，怀疑自己提早进入老年痴呆症，健忘症。我不断弄 混名字，作品，时期，英美不分。就现在考题看来，题型已不是单纯浅显记忆题，而是在此 基础上的综合理解题，在今年的部分选择题，简答题里都是这样。如果不掌握最基本的（纯 粹背的），pass是绝无希望。 我的方法是建立一个树枝结构。复习开始时面对的最大困惑是东西太多，无从下手，而 且更糟是前背后忘记，忘得比背得快，简直是没天理，花下去的时间精力似乎打了水漂。当 然要让每个作家都能象对shakespeare一样一听就有个大概印象，没有充足广泛阅读量是无 法做 英美文学是综合学科，要通过或考好，是需要日常对英美历史背景熟悉，对大量着作的 阅读，研究体会的。死记硬背真的只是应付考试的，原始而无意义手段，而且对来年的考题 是没办法应付的噢！ 以下还有一些小窍门，希望有帮助： 1.先复习美国文学，后英国文学； 2.美国文学可先从现实主义阶段开始，英国文学可先从维多利亚阶段开始； 3.去年考过题还会再考； 4.诗中解释较多的话，找那些能反映主题的解释多背背；明年多半是课本没有的解释了， 考你的对诗理解程度了， 5.对各阶段时期特征多花功夫复习； 6.明年的理解题，综合题，比较题必然多，例如： 1).二个阶段思想，风格比较，举例说明； 2).描述一个阶段思想，风格特点，举例说明； 3).比较二个同一，不同阶段诗人，剧作家，小说家，举其作品说明； 4).详细说明一个术语，一种写作方式，风格，主义如何运用，举代表人物，作品说明， （eg, this year question: what is allegory concerned with its implying meaning?) 刁钻复杂的题人人都可猜，我并非想例出一点希奇古怪的题扰乱你们的思路。这次四月 考试，我是充满信心拿高分，对每位作家或诗人我都仔细复习到了，但题目仍是出乎我意料 之外，我觉得不公平是题型已不是去年直白而水平的出题方式，是一种纵向综合题型。我想 提醒明年要参加考试的同学，决不要把每个作家或时期独立复习，如果可能的话，在对每位 作家或时期有一定熟悉的程度，作一点纵向的比较，不但能加深理解，对你们明年考试决对
自考英美文学选读要点总结第一章
Chapter I The Renaissance Period Definitions of the Literary Terms: 文艺复兴时期的界定 1. The Renaissance: The Renaissance marks a transition from the medie val to the modern world. Generally, it refers to the period between the 14 th & 17th centuries. 历史文化背景It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture & literature. From Italy the movement went to emb race the rest of Europe. The Renaissance, which means "rebirth" or "reviva l," is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the re-discovery of ancient Roman & Greek culture, the new discoverie s in geography & astrology, the religious reformation & the economic expa nsion. The Renaissance, therefore, in essence is a historical period in whic h the European humanist thinkers & scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that e xpressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, & to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. 2. 文艺复兴到英国比较晚的原因The Renaissance was slow in reaching Englan d not only becaus e o f England?s separation from the Continent but also be cause of its domestic unrest. It was not until the reign of Henry VIII that the Renaissance really began to show its effect in England. With Henry VII I?s encouragement the Oxford reformers, scholars and humanists introduc ed classical literature to England. 15th century, began the English Renaissa nce, which was perhaps England?s Golden Age, especially in literature. 人文主义H umanism: Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the ancient author s and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its consci ous, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on s uch a conception that man is the measure of all things. Through the new l earning, humanists not only saw the arts of splendor and enlightenment, b ut the human values represented in the works. Renaissance humanists fou nd in the classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see th at human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfections, and that the world they inhabited was thei rs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy. Thus, by emphasizin g the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the bea uty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wond ers. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the b est representatives of the English humanists. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimi lation.
英美文学选读试题详解4
英美文学选读-阶段测评4 成绩：30分 一、Multiple Choice 共40 题 题号: 1 本题分数:2.5 分 ( )is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th—century “stream—of—consciousness” novels and the founder of psychological realism. A、Theodore Dreiser B、William Faulkner C、Henry James D、Mark Twain (P498.para.2)亨利.詹姆斯是美国现实主义文学大师，他的作品往往涉及美国之外的主题，其作品的风格是“心理活动”。被誉为20世纪美国意识流文学的先驱。 标准答案：C 考生答案：D 本题得分：0 分 题号: 2 本题分数:2.5 分 Closely related to Dickinson’s religious poetry are her poems concerning( ),ranging over the physical as well as the psychological and emotional aspects of death. A、love and nature B、death and universe C、death and immortality D、family and happiness （P518para2）迪金森的诗歌涉及宗教和爱情两方面，而其涉及宗教的诗歌往往是以死亡和永恒为主题的，所以答案是C。 标准答案：C 考生答案：A
英美文学导论论文
Survey of British Literature 材控1102班付兰平2011010883 Abstract: As we all know,literature is a kind of arts and reflect social reality.For British literature,we can devided it into seven different periods.From these periods,we can understand about all the British literature. Key words: Old and Medieval periods, Medieval periods, The Renaissance Period, The Neoclassical Period, The Romantic Period, The V ictorian Period, Twentieth Century Literature 1.Old and Medieval periods (450---1066) After the fall of the Roman Empire and the withdrawal of Roman troops from Albion , the aboriginal Celtic population of the larger part of the island was soon conquered and almost totally exterminated by the Teutonic tribes of Angles , Saxons and Jutes who came from the continent and settled in the island , naming its central part Anglia , or England. For nearly four hundred years prior to the coming of the English , Britain had been a Roman province . In 410 A.D. the Romans withdrew their legions from Britain to protect Rome herself against swarms of Teutonic invaders . About 449 a band of Teutons , called Jutes , left Denmark , landed on the Isle of Thanet .
自考英美文学选读 第一章 文艺复兴时期(英国)(课文翻译)
英美文学选读翻译（英语专业自考） 第一部分：英国文学 第一章文艺复兴时期 文艺复兴标志着一个过渡时期,即中世纪的结束和现代社会的开始。一般来说,文艺复兴时期是从十四世纪到十七世纪中叶。它从意大利兴起,伴随着绘画、雕塑和文学领域的百花齐放,而后文艺复兴浪潮席卷了整个欧洲。文艺复兴,顾名思义即重生、复苏,是由一系列历史事件激发推动的,其中包括对古希腊罗马文化的重新发现。地理天文领域的新发现,宗教改革及经济发展。因此,文艺复兴从本质上是欧洲人文主义者竭力摒弃中世纪欧洲的封建主义,推行代表新兴城市资产阶级利益的新思想,并恢复早期宗教的纯洁性,远离腐败的罗马天主教廷的一场运动。 文艺复兴浪潮影响到英国的速度比较慢,不仅因为英国远离欧洲大陆,而且还因为其国内的动荡不安。乔叟去世后的一个半世纪是英国历史上最动荡不安的时期。好战的贵族篡取了王位,使英国走上自我毁灭之路。著名的玫瑰之战就是极好的例子。后来理查三世的恐怖统治标志着内战的结束,在都铎王朝的统治下英国的民族情感又成长起来。然而直到亨利八世统治期间(1509-1547),文艺复兴的春风才吹入英国。在亨利八世的鼓励下,牛津的改革派学者和人文主义者们将古典文学引入英国。基于古典文学作品及《圣经》的教育重获生机,而十五世纪就被广泛传阅的文学作品则更加流行了。自此,英国的文艺复兴开始了。英国,尤其是英国文学进入了黄金时代。这个时期涌现出莎士比亚、斯宾塞、约翰逊、锡德尼、马洛、培根及邓恩等一大批文学巨匠。但英国的文艺复兴并未使新文学与旧时代彻底决裂,带有十四、十五世纪特点的创作态度与情感依然贯穿在人文主义与改革时代。 人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。它源于努力恢复中世纪产生的对古希腊罗马文化的尊崇。人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以"人"为中心,人是万物之灵。通过这些对古代文化崭新的研究,人文主义者不仅看到了光彩夺目的艺术启明星,还在那古典作品中寻求到了人的价值。在中世纪的社会中,个人完全隶属于封建统治,没有独立和自由可言;在中世纪的神学理论中,人与周围世界的关系仅仅是人消极适应或消极遁世,不允许追求快乐,以备死后灵魂得以超脱。然而人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到了充足的论据,来赞美人性,并开始注意到人类是光荣的生命,人自己可以不断发展,至善至美,而且人们生存的世界是属于他们的,供他们怀疑、探索以及享受。由此,人文主义者通过强调人类的尊严、强调今生今世的重要性,喊出了他们的信仰,即人类不仅有权利在今生今世美好生活,而且还有能力完善自我,创造奇迹。人文主义遍布英国思想领域的。标志是荷兰学者伊拉斯谟先后到牛津大学与剑桥大学讲授古典文化研究。托马斯·漠尔、克利斯朵夫·马洛和威廉·莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。
必读英美文学经典作品20本
必读英美文学经典作品20本 American Literature 1、The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Howthorne《红字》霍桑著 小说惯用象征手法，人物、情节和语言都颇具主观想象色彩，在描写中又常把人的心理活
动和直觉放在首位。因此，它不仅是美利坚合众国浪漫主义小说的代表作，同时也被称作 是美利坚合众国心理分析小说的开创篇。 2、The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain 《哈克贝利.芬历险记》 简称《赫克》是美国文学中的珍品,也是美国文化中的珍品。十六年前【1984】 ,美国文坛为《赫克》出版一百周年举行了广泛的庆祝活动和学术讨论,也出版了一些研究马克吐温,特别是他的《赫克》的专著。专门为一位大作家的一本名著而举行如此广泛的纪念和专门的研究,这在世界文坛上也是少有的盛事。这是因为《赫克》的意义不一般. 美国著名作家海明威说, "一切现代美国文学来自一本书, 即马克吐温的《赫克尔贝里芬历险记》……这是我们所有书中最好的。一切美国文学都来自这本书,在它之前,或在它之后,都不曾有
过能与之媲美的作品。 3、The Portrait of a Lady by Henry James 《贵妇画像》 亨利.詹姆斯著】 美国小说家亨利·詹姆斯的《贵妇画像》自问世以来一直受到文学评论界的关注，专家学者已从各个不同角度对女主人伊莎贝尔·阿切尔作了深入细致的研究。本文试图从一个全新的视角，即跨文化交际角度，剖析伊莎贝尔在婚姻方面所作的选择。文章指出她是该小说中跨文化交际的最大失败者，并对其失败原因作了分析。希望在跨文化交际日益频繁的今天我们都能从伊莎贝尔的生活经历中得到某种启发。
英语专业导论
英语专业导论 ——王璐本学期，学校开设了“英语专业导论课”。通过开设这门课来让我们这群刚踏入大学校门的懵懂的大一新生对我们的英语专业课有一个大概的了解。经过这学期的英语专业导论课学习，我受益匪浅。它既使我对大学四年的英语学习有了一个整体的了解，又让我懂得了作为一个英语专业的学生，如何利用正确的技巧和方法去学好英语。 通过英语专业导论课的学习，我知道了学习英语需要长期的积累、频繁的练习和环境的熏陶。我更清楚的了解了英语语音、语法、听力、阅读、写作、翻译及英美文学的相关学习内容和方法，更深切的明白了英语学习的艰巨性和紧迫性。 首先是关于精读课。精读，即基础英语。它包括词汇、短语、句型、简单语法、初级写作等等。精度是学习英语的基础，所以，只有学好精读，掌握好基础，我们才能进一步的延伸、扩展和提高，才能为学习写作、高级英语等打下坚实的基础。而导论课上老师所讲的，不仅提醒了我精度的重要性，更让我学会用更好的方法打好基础，学好精读。 接着是泛读的相关学习。通过专业导论课，我了解到泛读课是为了提高我们的阅读速度和对英语文章的阅读理解能力的。而泛读的学习，需要我们掌握大量的词汇。因此，老师要求我们在日常学习中注意积累单词并留心文章大意和内容表达，学会领悟和理解。而这段时间的学习，我的词汇量及对文章的理解领悟和归纳总结能力都有所增
强。 然后，再谈谈语音。导论课上，老师向我们讲述了语音的重要性。只有学好语音才能学好口语，从而说一口流利、纯正的英语。音标，是发准每个单词读音的基础。老师还告诉我们：语音课的学习不仅仅是学习音标和单词的读音，更要学习语调、重音、连读及其他发音时应注意的细节。同时，导论老师还向我们推荐了BBC Learning English等网站，以便于我们学习、模仿。通过语音课的学习，我逐渐纠正了以前的错误发音，口语水平也提高很多。 导论课上，老师还向我们介绍了英语语法的重要性。语法，在英语学习中起着骨架支撑的作用。只有学好语法，我们才能把单词、短语等融会贯通，从而正确的使用句子，表达我们想表达的意思。而学好语法，则要求我们在课堂上认真听讲，透彻理解时态、句子结构等知识。 然后，我们又在导论课上了解到了“中外文化对比的差异”。导论老师给我们放了一段记录片，片中简要介绍了英国人的生活习惯和思想观念。我发现“中英”文化差异真的很大，更认识到，学习一国的语言，不只是会遣词造句，更要学习外国的文化。课上，老师还为我们讲了她留学国外的经历。从中我们了解到：西方人很注重自己的私人空间，他们不喜欢别人的“入侵”，以及被国人尊奉为神圣、强大的龙在西方人眼中代表邪恶和可怕等等。所以，当你与一个外国人接触时，不要以中国观念去与他们交流，因为中外文化差异导致我们的生活习惯、思想观念等大不相同。
英美文学选读复习要点中英文对照
e to order, reason and rules.启蒙者主张理性是任何人思想与行动的唯一缘由。他们大力提倡秩序，理性及法律。 5. As a matter of fact, literature at the time, heavily didactic and moralizi ng, became a very popular means of public education.其实，当时的文学作品种充满了说教与道德理念，就已经成为大众教育的良好工具。 6. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great wr iters like John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, the two pioneers of familiar essays, Jonathan Swift, Daniel Defo e, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Henry Fielding and Samuel Johnson.英国著名的启蒙主义文学家有约翰.德莱顿，亚历山大.蒲柏，约瑟夫.艾迪森与理查.斯蒂尔（这两位是现代散文的先驱），乔纳森.斯威夫特，丹尼尔.迪福，理查.B.谢立丹，亨利.费尔丁和塞缪尔.约翰逊。 7. In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.在文学领域，启蒙主义运动还使人们重新对古典时代的著作产生兴趣。 8. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.他们认为理想的艺术应基于秩序，逻辑，确切及情感控制的基础上，而文学作品的价值评判标准应该看它是否为人文主义服务。 9. Thus a polite, urbane, witty, and intellectual art developed.由此一种温文尔雅，充满灵性的知识分子文学艺术发展起来。 10. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for almost every genre of literature.在几乎所有的文学形式中，新古典主义者们都设定了创作的规矩与条框。 11. Drama should be written in the heroic Couplets (iambic pentameter r hymed in two lines); the three unities of time, space and action should b e strictly observed; regularity in construction should be adhered to, and t ype characters rather than individuals should be represented.戏剧必须用英雄体偶剧（抑扬五音步的押韵双行诗）写就；时间，地点，事件三要素必须要
英美文学导论重点
What is Literature： 14th century: It means polite learning through reading. A man of literature or a man of letters = a man of wide reading, ―literacy‖18th century: practice and profession of writing 19th century: the high skills of writing in the special context of high imagination。 My definition: In the widest sense it is just about anything written. In the more specialized sense, it is the art that use language as a medium and characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal. What is poetry? A literary form Written in lines Compressed content Rich imagery Beautiful harmony Great artistic appeal Sonnet十四行诗： an exact form of poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentameter intricately rhymed. 玄学派诗歌： The term ―metaphysical poetry‖ is commonly used to name the work of the 17th –century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. Ode颂:an elaborately formal lyric poem, often in the form of a lengthy ceremonious address to a person or abstract entity, always serious and elevated in tone. Imagism and Ezra Pound An image is ―that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instan t of time‖. (1) Direct treatment of the ?thing‘ whether subjective or objective. (2) To use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation. (3) As regarding rhythm: to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in the sequence of a metronome. 什么是小说： A work of fiction is a narrative that originates in the imagination of the author. Sometimes the stories are ―true‖, but more often they are not. Some fiction—historical or autobiographical fiction, for example—may focus on real people and the plot may be grounded in actual events, but the way characters interact and how the plot unfolds are the author‘s own invention. The purpose of fiction are mainly for entertainment, instruction, and aesthetic pleasure of the reader 小说要素：Plot Setting Point of view Theme Tone Irony Style Lost Generation垮掉的一代： applied to the disillusioned intellectuals and aesthetes of the years following the First World War, who rebelled against former ideals and values; 代表人物： Francis Scott Fitzgerald Ezra Pound Sherwood Anderson William Faulkner Ernest Hemingway 什么是戏剧： A drama is a work of literature or a composition which delineates life and human activity by means of presenting various actions of, and dialogues between a group of characters. And it is designed for theatrical presentation 戏剧要素： Plot Character Thought Diction Music Spectacle 戏剧分类： Tragedy Comedy Tragicomedy Melodrama Problem play Farce Fatancy
英美文学方向硕士研究生阅读书目大全
英美文学方向硕士研究生阅读书目 如果你希望走学术之路，请按下列书单阅读一些初步的书目。这里开列的是中文书目，红色标注为必读书目，未标注的也为重要的通识性基本书目。暂时没有开英文书目，原因有三，一是从中文书目中可以推导自己应该读哪些英文书目，二是“阅读量要求”部分已经涵盖了相当的英文阅读量，三是课题教学有相应的英文阅读书目要求。当然，我有可能在适当的时候推出英文书单。 阅读量要求： 1. 熟悉掌握西方重要文论家的重要文论30部（篇以上） 2. 研究小说要求阅读英美小说20部以上 研究诗歌要求阅读英美重要诗人30人以上 3. 通读自己感兴趣的领域的文学发生背景、基础理论、专题研究15部（篇） 4. 自己打算研究的作者的著作和相关研究成果30部（篇）以上 5.一套比较权威的文学史书籍 1．文学与宗教： 《拯救与逍遥》，刘小枫著，上海三联书店2001年。 《宗教与文学》，加德纳著，江先春等译，四川人民出版社1998年。 《基督教的底色与文化延伸》，杨慧林著，黑龙江人民出版社2002年。 《神学与当代文艺思想》，伯尔等著，徐菲等译，上海三联书1995年。
《欧洲中世纪诗学》，陆扬著，上海社会科学出版社2000年。 《诠释学、宗教、希望》，特雷西著，冯川译，上海三联书店1998年。 《天路、人路：英国近代文学与基督教思想》，卞昭慈著，四川大学出版社2001。 《伟大的代码——圣经与文学》，弗莱著，郝振益等译，北京大学出版社1998年。 《神力的语言》，弗莱著，社会科学文献出版社。 2．文学理论 《西方文论关键词》，赵一凡主编，外语教学与研究出版社2005年. 高等教育出版社推出的《二十世纪西方文论选》和《西方文论史》（红色封面） 《二十世纪美国文论》，盛宁著，北京大学出版社1994年 《镜与灯》 二十世纪西方文论也可参阅下列书籍： “20世纪西方文论研究丛书”（共9册），王岳川主编，山东教育出版社1998年： 《“新马克思主义”文论》 《精神分析文论》 《形式主义文论》 《现象学与解释学文论》 《存在主义文论》 《接受反应文论》 《后结构主义文论》 《女权主义文论》 《后殖民主义与新历史主义文论》
《英美文学选读》复习资料
《英美文学选读》复习指导资料 Part 1 English Literature An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature 一．重点：有关这部分的文学史内容 1．古代英国文学和中世纪英国文学的起始阶段 2．英国文学史上的第一部民族史诗----Beowulf 3．中世纪文学的主要文学形式-----Romance 4．Geoffrey Chaucer 的文学贡献 二．练习： 1. Choose the best answer for each blank. 1). The period of ______ English literature begins from about 450 to 1066, the year of ______. A. Old----Renaissance B. Middle---- the Norman Conquest of England C. Middle ---- Renaissance D. Old---- the Norman Conquest of England 2). The Medieval period in English literature extends from 1066 up to the ______ century. A. mid-13th B. mid-14th C. mid-15th D. mid-16th 3). Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national ______ of the Anglo-Saxons. A. sonnet B. essay C. epic D. novel 4). In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. William Shakespeare C. Francis Bacon D. William Langland 5). For the Renaissance, ______ was regarded as the English Homer. His reputation has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and ______. A. Geoffrey Chaucer----wits B. William Shakespeare----wits C. Geoffrey Chaucer----humanity D. William Shakespeare----humanity 6). After the conquest of 1066, three languages co-existed in England. They are ______, ______ and ______. A. Old English, Greek, Latin B. Old English, French, Latin C. Old English, Greek, French D. English, Greek, French 7). Geoffrey Chaucer is the greatest writer of the Medieval period in English literature. In ―The Legend of Good Women‖, he used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the ______. A. couplet B. blank verse C. heroic couplet D. epic 8). Thematically the poem ―Beowulf‖ presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggle against the hostile forces of the ______ world under a wise and mighty ______.