朗文交互英语Academic Connections1(学术联系1)课文翻译

当人们第一次见面，他们在几秒钟内形成对对方的第一印象。要做到这一点，他们注意到服装，体型，人们谈话的方式和表达。研究表明第一印象非常重要因为他们对以后关系的形成有很大的影响。

研究表明首因效应是第一印象中重要的部分。首因效应的概念是第一印象非常难以改变。在第一次见面后，两个人有可能再次接触，了解对方更多，但是他们早期形成的印象将会影响他们未来对彼此的感觉。例如，如果一个人对某人有一个好的第一印象，在以后他或她可能不会注意到那个人坏的事情。然而，如果人们有一个坏的第一印象，他或她在未来可能更多的注意到坏的事情。

第一印象中另一个有趣的部分是人们的表现取决于他人的期待。这叫做自我实现的预言。斯奈德和斯万的研究（1978）支持这个观点。在这个研究中，参与者一起玩游戏。同伴们不知道彼此，所以研究者告诉每个游戏者他的同伴。有时他们说消极的，或者坏的事情。研究的结果表明当游戏者期待他们的同伴友好的时候，游戏者表现的友好。但是当他们期待他们的同伴不友好的时候，游戏者表现的不友好。游戏者的期待影响他们在彼此面前的表现。

迈克尔.珊娜弗兰克的一个相关研究（2004）表明当人们第一次见面，他们快速地预言他们以后将形成哪种关系。珊娜弗兰克发现这些预言对未来关系的形成有强烈的影响。在他对164名大学一年级学生的研究中，珊娜弗兰克发现当学生预言他们可以成为朋友时，他们在课堂上坐得更近，接触的更多。结果是，他们确实成为了朋友。换句话说，他们实现了他们的预言。

显然，第一印象在关系的形成中非常重要，因为他们影响人们对彼此的期望和他们在彼此面前的表现。

洁净的饮用水对你来说有什么价值？美食怎么样？生态系统提供给人类许多重要的事情，包括像事物和药物等产品、和比如像空气和水净化那样的服务。这些好处叫做生态系统服务。

最近，人类行为导致了一些有价值的生态系统服务的退化，代价高昂。在纽约州的卡茨基尔山，湿地的退化是由于农业和建筑带来的森林的破坏。在巴西，由于雨林的破坏和杀虫剂的使用，某些重要的食品工厂没有足够的昆虫授粉。这些例子表明我们的行为对人们和经济造成很大的代价。

失去生态系统服务对人们的生活和健康有严重的影响。当卡茨基尔湿地太小以至于无法很好的净化水，纽约市的饮用水变得不利于健康。在巴西，有价值的生态系统授粉服务的破坏导致果蔬价格的上涨。因为许多人买不起更昂贵的产品，他们买更便宜的，更没有营养的食物。这影响了他们的健康。

生态系统服务的破坏和退化也影响经济，因为服务的修复或者替代花费许多的钱。在卡茨基尔湿地退化后，纽约市有两个选择：第一，城市可以买下这个湿地并保护它。然后森林可以再次使水干净。这将会花费十亿美元。第二，城市可以建立一个水净化工厂。这可能花费六十到八十亿美元来建立，之后每年花费3亿。因为建立水净化工厂更昂贵，这个城市决定买一个湿地并保护它。然而，这对这个城市来说仍然是个非常昂贵的解决方案。在巴西,失去授粉服务的成本也非常大。现在许多水果工厂必须人工授粉。这对农民来说是昂贵的。它对人们来说也是昂贵的因为它导致了食物市场价格的升高。

失去地球提供的生态系统服务导致每个人严重的经济和健康问题。生态系统服务可能价值33万亿，没有它们，许多地球上的经济体可能停止运行。此外，没有生态系统服务，人们的健康将会受到严重的影响。

Unit 3

压力—人们对改变和困难情况的反应方式—是全世界人们分享的普遍的经历。事实上，大部分人们每天都有有压力的经历。然而，研究表明人们现在比过去的压力更多。据报道，48%美国人感觉如今他们比五年前的压力更多。此外，世界上大部分（3/5左右）就医源于相关的压力问题。科学家和保健人员对这个主题感兴趣，因为高度压力造成严重的后果，会影响人们的健康和他们的日常生活。

罗格斯大学的研究者认为最近人们生活方式的改变导致了更多的压力。压力引起身体经历生理变化比如心跳和呼吸速率的加快。适度的压力可以使人们更加强大，更加精力充沛。研究者认为在过去这种精力帮助人们寻找动物，保护自己远离危险。他们释放压力通过体力活动包括狩猎，于是他们的身体可以再一次的放松。尽管人们今天在面对压力时仍然经历着能量的增加，他们没有像过去一样作为狩猎者使用能量。结果，身体更难以释放压力。

太多的压力—或者是压力持续了太长的时间—会引起严重的身心问题。这些问题包括失眠，疾病，和疼痛。心脏病甚至癌症可能源于压力。而且，处于压力下的人们在工作和驾驶时更容易发生危险事故。他们可能更容易形成坏习惯比如抽烟和暴饮暴食。

重要的是要指出压力不总是坏的，然而，事实上，今天忙碌的生活方式导致了两种压力—积极压力和消极压力。积极压力对事件有积极的影响，导致了人们生活的改变。积极压力提供了恰当的压力，使人们成长，保持精力，感受生活的快乐。例如，结婚对于人们来说是快乐的事情。然而，结婚也是一个大的改变，所以它导致压力。消极压力，另一方面，是坏的或者是困难的经历的影响。钱、学校、关系等问题是导致现代生活消极压力的普遍原因。根据霍姆和拉赫社会调整评定量表，丈夫，妻子或者孩子的死亡引起了人们生活中最消极的压力。消极压力能够导致严重的身心问题，但是事实上消极压力可以提升一个人的幸福感。

Unit 6

家庭，自然和爱是艺术家马克.夏加尔作品的主题，这些主题说明了对夏加最重要的是什么。此外，这些普遍的主题使得夏加尔成为了一个受欢迎的艺术家，他的作品得到了世人的理解与喜爱。根据马克.歇普斯（1987）在马克.夏加尔诞辰100周年说：“夏加尔是二十世纪最杰出的艺术家。马克.夏加尔能够从个人向世界的转变。

我和乡村是夏加尔早期著名作品之一，清楚地展示了自然和家庭的主题。图画中的柔软，梦幻展示了简单的时代和传统。图画中的地点是维特博斯克，是俄罗斯的一个农村，夏加尔出生在其中的一个犹太家庭。夏加尔的绘画经常展示了他对乡村的想象。夏卡尔的画汇集了明亮的色彩，通过犹太人和俄罗斯元素展示人和自然、生活和死亡的关系。画的主要部分展示了一个绿色的人（可能是夏加尔自己）和一个动物（马或者羊）正在看着彼此。一个圆将两个图像联系在了一起。这可能是夏加尔的人类和动物之间有强烈的联系的信仰中的一个例子。这幅画也通过人手中的植物和一个拿着刀的农民的形象展示了生活和死亡。在我和乡村中，夏加尔汇集了幻想和现实显示了对家和自然世界的热爱。

爱是夏加尔绘画的另一个关键主题，尤其是他的第一任妻子贝拉。夏加尔和贝拉在1915年结婚。她的角色在夏加尔生活和艺术生涯中非常重要。夏加尔绘画了许多他们在一起的图画，这些作品明显的说明了他对她浪漫的爱情和快乐。甚至在贝拉1944年逝世之后，贝拉仍然激发着他的工作。

夏加尔继续使用这些主题发展自己独立的艺术风格。在巴黎居住的时候，他学习了立体主义，巴黎是许多现代著名艺术家生活的地方。夏加尔说：“我感激我在巴黎得到了一切，”然而他从未成为任何艺术活动的一部分。夏加尔的力量是在他创作时期的道路上使用了立体主义和抽象的风格来创作他所喜爱的梦幻的图画主题。

Unit 7

当有人说“快餐店”，大多数人会想起麦当劳。然而，如果有人在菲律宾说一样的话，大多数人将会想起快乐蜂。快乐蜂不是像麦当劳一样闻名于世界。但是在在菲律宾这个缝隙市场中，快乐蜂在快餐中排名第一，有1414家餐馆。在菲律宾，快乐蜂的收益是麦当劳的两倍。

快乐蜂的故事起源于1975年，当时XXX开始在菲律宾开两个冰淇淋店。随后他看见了麦当劳在世界各地的成功，他把他的商店转变为快餐店。XXX解释他的销售方法：“我们觉得我们不能和麦当劳竞争。因此，我们的目标是缝隙市场。我们针对菲律宾人。”更具体的说，快乐蜂针对热爱他们的文化，想要一个快乐的家庭外出经历的菲律宾家庭。

为了吸引顾客，快乐蜂决定关注三件事：菲律宾口味，传统菲律宾家庭，并创造一个有趣的去处。第一，XXX想要供应菲律宾人喜爱的特殊的食物：米饭或者面条代替炸薯条，水果甜品，甜辣汉堡包。事实上，快乐蜂的汉堡包类似于菲律宾的母亲在家烹饪。从它的成功中可以看出，快乐蜂很好的理解了菲律宾的口味和文化。

XXX也确保菲律宾人能够将快乐蜂看成是为家庭提供的地方。例如，在著名的电视广告中，菲律宾演员阿迦.毛拉和他的妻子还有两个孩子一起享受快乐蜂的餐饮。这正是你进入快乐蜂餐馆所看到的：一家人在一起快乐的吃饭。

最后，XXX想要创造一个有趣的进餐体验。这以这个特殊的角色为特征：一个孩子们喜爱的微笑的，多彩的蜜蜂。XXX选择了这种特征，并命名为快乐蜂，因为欢乐的—或者是幸福的—蜜蜂跳来跳去享受生活中美好的事物。

显然，快乐蜂已经表明它可以跟世界上嘴大的快餐店麦当劳竞争—通过识别和理解它的目标市场，通过给其顾客恰好想要的东西。

朗文交互英语第四级答案精简完整版

朗文测试题答案 Module A A1.The Straight Story ReviewQuiz: abbc//caa//acb//il/un/in/im//what's/as/also/by//cb//caacb//cbcab//a/but/an//ca//b//acbc// A2.A Hot Lead ReviewQuiz: ba//cbb//ab//don’t take/try/don’t blame//bcba//is/I’m/here’s/hmmm//ca//baac//e/t/mu/ma//ab//bcb//bba//babc// A.3:Jackie,theActress ReviewQuiz: aba//ac//ac//gttsao/gtsa/gtr//c/st/sc/f//bcb//aca// has been/ have been taking/ interesting/ has taken/ exciting/ have acted/ surprised//cac//aba//aba//cacc A.4:A Confrontation ReviewQuiz: babc//bcb//bcc//go/a piece/a smart/butter//acb//aba//bbb//acb//aacc//abb//we've/you've/could have//caca ModuleAtest Nick tells/Nick mentions/Nick talks//ba//cb//bca//cb//bac//ba//Amy tells/T/Amy asks//a/s//down/l/s/p//a/s//bac//cba//cca//a little/a re/going//to/can’t/much/is//have been working/have decided//ab//acb//must/c/e//ab//cb//T/S//ANEWD/PCN//might have/was//ca//bab//ab//cad// Module B B.1:Talia's Brilliant Plan

朗文交互英语第二级leveltest答案

caa//caa//bac//ac//Do/like/What/Mustard//lettuce/got/It'll//bacb//ccaa//aba c//cac//look/great/my/click/Isn't//babba//are/any/at/out/have//baac//bccba/ /cbac//can/Across from/was/look/you can/in// cbab//cabbc//bab//acbb//I'll/have/I'm/that//I've/it's/looking//is/have/do/ene rgetic/a lot of/much//enjoy/is/loves/He's/responsible/have//any/ What/soup/sandwiches/Some/How//Happy Birthday/What did you say/Oh,no/ I'm sorry/at/See you soon//yes/yes/no/no/no/yes//yes/yes/no/yes/no/no// your email/my homework/to go/too/enough/home// Let's/plans/a/the/eating/Why don't// doing/think/What do you mean/know/might/don't understand// am going to/may/'ll/Go down/walk past/next to//abaaab/aabbba//aaabbb// What/that/can't I/What kind/will he/who//I've been/haven't seen/have been/saw/don't want/didn't want//waiter/orders/meals/small business owner/talented//responsible/browsing/downloaded/fare/reserve//fever/pre scription/pharmacy/Take a right/blocks//coffee shop/invited/celebrate/proposed/have a date//furnished/view/ocean/beaches/resume/references/documents//bagga ge claim area/tour/landmarks//baa//baa//bca//bbba//bba//ac//ab//ba//acb// acc//customer service/fancy/suitcases/ideal/designs//cbaca//positive/ resume/candidate/techeiques//cabc//cbac//bbcca//island/parade/snow/pop ular/scenery/neighborhood//

朗文交互英语Academic Connections1(学术联系1)课文翻译

当人们第一次见面，他们在几秒钟内形成对对方的第一印象。要做到这一点，他们注意到服装，体型，人们谈话的方式和表达。研究表明第一印象非常重要因为他们对以后关系的形成有很大的影响。 研究表明首因效应是第一印象中重要的部分。首因效应的概念是第一印象非常难以改变。在第一次见面后，两个人有可能再次接触，了解对方更多，但是他们早期形成的印象将会影响他们未来对彼此的感觉。例如，如果一个人对某人有一个好的第一印象，在以后他或她可能不会注意到那个人坏的事情。然而，如果人们有一个坏的第一印象，他或她在未来可能更多的注意到坏的事情。 第一印象中另一个有趣的部分是人们的表现取决于他人的期待。这叫做自我实现的预言。斯奈德和斯万的研究（1978）支持这个观点。在这个研究中，参与者一起玩游戏。同伴们不知道彼此，所以研究者告诉每个游戏者他的同伴。有时他们说消极的，或者坏的事情。研究的结果表明当游戏者期待他们的同伴友好的时候，游戏者表现的友好。但是当他们期待他们的同伴不友好的时候，游戏者表现的不友好。游戏者的期待影响他们在彼此面前的表现。 迈克尔.珊娜弗兰克的一个相关研究（2004）表明当人们第一次见面，他们快速地预言他们以后将形成哪种关系。珊娜弗兰克发现这些预言对未来关系的形成有强烈的影响。在他对164名大学一年级学生的研究中，珊娜弗兰克发现当学生预言他们可以成为朋友时，他们在课堂上坐得更近，接触的更多。结果是，他们确实成为了朋友。换句话说，他们实现了他们的预言。 显然，第一印象在关系的形成中非常重要，因为他们影响人们对彼此的期望和他们在彼此面前的表现。

洁净的饮用水对你来说有什么价值？美食怎么样？生态系统提供给人类许多重要的事情，包括像事物和药物等产品、和比如像空气和水净化那样的服务。这些好处叫做生态系统服务。 最近，人类行为导致了一些有价值的生态系统服务的退化，代价高昂。在纽约州的卡茨基尔山，湿地的退化是由于农业和建筑带来的森林的破坏。在巴西，由于雨林的破坏和杀虫剂的使用，某些重要的食品工厂没有足够的昆虫授粉。这些例子表明我们的行为对人们和经济造成很大的代价。 失去生态系统服务对人们的生活和健康有严重的影响。当卡茨基尔湿地太小以至于无法很好的净化水，纽约市的饮用水变得不利于健康。在巴西，有价值的生态系统授粉服务的破坏导致果蔬价格的上涨。因为许多人买不起更昂贵的产品，他们买更便宜的，更没有营养的食物。这影响了他们的健康。 生态系统服务的破坏和退化也影响经济，因为服务的修复或者替代花费许多的钱。在卡茨基尔湿地退化后，纽约市有两个选择：第一，城市可以买下这个湿地并保护它。然后森林可以再次使水干净。这将会花费十亿美元。第二，城市可以建立一个水净化工厂。这可能花费六十到八十亿美元来建立，之后每年花费3亿。因为建立水净化工厂更昂贵，这个城市决定买一个湿地并保护它。然而，这对这个城市来说仍然是个非常昂贵的解决方案。在巴西,失去授粉服务的成本也非常大。现在许多水果工厂必须人工授粉。这对农民来说是昂贵的。它对人们来说也是昂贵的因为它导致了食物市场价格的升高。 失去地球提供的生态系统服务导致每个人严重的经济和健康问题。生态系统服务可能价值33万亿，没有它们，许多地球上的经济体可能停止运行。此外，没有生态系统服务，人们的健康将会受到严重的影响。

朗文交互英语第四级B2完整答案

Video Listening cbca she is/N/angry/he doesn’t cbca p/Jackie’s/B W can’t/she will Vocabulary don’t come/r/c/s/don’t let don’t be/t/s/a/don’t stop keep the change/to the/back/it down/going/out of/quiet/your shirt/us gussing/me posted Speaking aacb Grammar 11121 122 occurred/was traveling/turned/didn't stop/changed/was talking/hit/arrived/treated t/n/s/t/h/s/the her to look/not to order/her to be/her not to worry/her to tell her/not to leave/her not to tell/Amy to trust her who wants/who score/that have/that has/that makes/who is who is/who work/that has/that leaves/who is/who own/that was/who was Pronunciation 21221 22112 21121 12121 Reading FFT Hectic/moderate/relief/excessive/advice/reduce/confirmed/tropical Cacb ReviewQuiz: bab//bac//how/had/m/w//bcba//bac//bac//abbca//acabb//aab//bab//cccb//

朗文交互英语答案

1. Talia used to work Newsline. 2. Amy takes journalism classes, but she used to take 3. Josh never used to drink OR didn't use to drink OR did not use to drink 4. Nick used to live 5. John used to play 6.Newsline used to be OR used to be on 7. Nick never used to go OR didn't use to go OR did not use to go club, but now he goes almost every day. 8. Nick and Talia used to be 1. Where is it? Brian: I have an interview at The Gower Building. Do you know where it is? Ana: I think it's near here, but I'm not really sure. 2. What should I wear? Brian: I don't know what I should wear. Ana: A suit is always good. 3. What time does she get to the office?

Tomas: I need to speak to Ms. Miller. Can you tell me what time she gets to the office? Jen: Ms. Miller? She's usually at her desk at 8:30. 4. How much do they cost? Andre: Those are nice shoes. I wonder how much they cost. Todd: I don't know, but they look expensive. 5. Who took this photograph of us? Tyler: Can you remember who took this photograph of us? Mindy: It was John. 6. Why did Mark move? Sonya: I'd like to know why Mark moved. Derek: Because he got a great job offer in Centerville. 7. How many people did Josh invite to his party? Lauren: Do you know how many people Josh invited to his party? Amy: I think there were about thirty people there.

朗文交互英语-第三模块答案

朗文交互英语-第三模块答案 11.welcome back 一节 1.babb 2.tired happened left forgot go back missed wait 二节 1.I was watching I wasn't working I was making were you talking is she doing was she doing 2.abaab cb 3.Did you go I didn't see missed Was there got Who went I didn't last Saturday 4.had ate didn't go invited rained tried lose found 5.cbcca caa 6.was writing forgot was running went got was wasn't 三节 1.cbc

2.cab 四节 1.overbooked horrible delayed suitcase agent jet-lagged 2.baacc 小测试 -------------------------------------- 12.a better place 一节 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/527059320.html,bb 2.close to across large bigger than two smaller great 二节 1.cbcaa cab 2.is older than are younger than is bigger than has a better view than is smaller than is happier is more expensive than 3.Ana isn't (as) old as Kate Today is （as）cold as yesterday. Kate's (apartment) is just (as) big as Luis's apartment. Is Emi (as) shy as Maggie

朗文交互英语第三册原文及部分答案

A.1:Another Busy Day Amy: Why don't you take a break tonight? Yeah, why not come with me to a party? Talia: No thanks. Maybe some other time. Amy: Come on! Josh Taylor is having a party. A lot of available guys will be there . . . . You might meet someone. Talia: No, listen! I'm too busy to go. Go without me . . . Tony: Good, you're here. I have something important to talk to you about. What are you working on? Talia: I'm researching the background information for that transportation story. Amy: She's always working. She told me to tell you that. Tony: I have a big project for you to work on. I know you've been hoping for a break. This may be it. Talia: Really? That's great! Tony: Come to my office in about 10 minutes. By the way, you look different. Have you done something with your hair? Tony: Why don't we get together for lunch tomorrow? Terry: Oh, I'm sorry, but I'm busy all week. Tony: Too bad. Well, then, how about having lunch with me next week? Any day but Wednesday is good for me. Terry: How about Tuesday? Tony: Sure. Next Tuesday is fine. Let's say 12:30. OK? Terry: Great. Tuesday at 12:30 is fine. Amy: How about going to the movies Thursday night? Lynn: Sorry. I can't. I take a writing class on Thursday night. Amy: Oh, I forgot about that. Lynn: Why don't we go on Friday? Amy: Friday is fine. I'll call you on Thursday, OK? Lynn: OK. That sounds great. Good evening, everybody. Is everyone here? OK. Good. Now, tonight, we're going to talk about the one thing you need to create the best news stories. Do you know what that is? No, I'm not talking about luck! The thing that creates good news stories is curiosity --your own curiosity. Curiosity is the engine, the power for the story. Curiosity will help you come up with good questions. Now, remember, first you have to start with the five classic journalistic questions--you know, who, what, when, where, and why. Right? We've talked about these a lot. But these questions are just for starters. They're useful questions, but they're not sufficient by themselves. You have to expand on them. You have to get into probing questions. For example, Who else knows that? What do you think about this? When did you first find out about this? Where did you get your information? Why do you care about this? These are the kinds of questions that will shape your story. And you need to develop this kind of curiosity for every story you work on. restless adj. unable to keep still, especially because you are impatient, anxious, or bored The president's speech was so boring that the audience was getting restless. retire v. to stop working, usually because of old age In the U.S., most workers retire between the ages of 65 and 70. schedule n. a plan of what someone is going to do and when they are going to do it What's your schedule like next week? Do you have time to have lunch with me? sense of humor collocation the ability to understand or enjoy things that are funny, or to make people laugh Makiko has no sense of humor -- she never laughs at my jokes! workaholic n. INFORMAL someone who works much more than other people, and who does not have time to do anything else. You're such a workaholic! Instead of bringing work home from the office this weekend, can't we please go to a movie? balance n. a state in which different things have the right amount of importance or influence in relation to each other It's hard to find a balance between work and play when you want to advance in your career. flexible adj. a person, plan, etc., that can change or be changed easily to suit any new situation My work schedule is very flexible: I can start any time between 7:00 and 11:00, as long as I work 35 hours a week. irritable adj. easily annoyed or made angry Goodness, you're irritable this morning! Didn't you sleep well?

朗文交互英语第四级C1答案

朗文交互英语第四级C1答案 Cbcb/t/i/y/d/abbc/a/t/s/c////lo/la/sa/h/es/// weren't/could be/wouldn't/hadn't agreed/were/could help////were/hadn't asked/would return/could give/hadn't helped/had asked/knew/would keep quiet / 21211/ / had been/would have gotten/ could have recorded/ had pushed/ hadn't heard/ wouldn't have known/ had gotten/ would have heard/ would not have arrived/ had known/ had not talked/ wouldn't have found out / s/t/w/i/w/i is supposed to remain/ were supposed to visit/ was supposed to get/ was supposed to press/ is supposed to begin/ were supposed to celebrate 21211/21222/ could/ would/ will/ could/ would/could/would/can/will/will/v/m/w/fl/b/s/r/fu/a/212122 ReviewQuiz: cbc//abc//baca//do/look/react/come//baa//what?!/t/what’s//bacb//had not let/would stop/hadn't messed up/to lose/would have known/was//want to/supposed to be/have to//could/would/'ll//aacb//