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大学英语第三课

大学英语第三课
大学英语第三课

第三课

Paraphrase

1、And it is an activity only of humans

And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings .(Animals and birds are not capable of conversation .)

2、Conversation is not for making a point.

Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view

3、In fact , the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.

In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.

4、Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.

People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or who was right or wrong

5、It could still go ignorantly on.

The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.

6、There are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf)

These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields;but when we sit down at the table to eat ,we call their meat beef.

7、The new ruling class had built a cultural barriers against him by building their French

against his own language.

The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers

8、English had come royally into its own

The English language received proper recognition and was used by the king once more.

9、The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower

classes

The phrase ,the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes .The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people.

10、The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there

There still exists in the working people ,as in the early Saxon peasants , a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.

11、There is always a great danger that“words will harden into things for us”

There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.For example ,the word “dog” is a symbol representing

a kind of animal.We mustn’t regard the word “dog” as being the animal itself.

12、Even with the most educated and the most literate , the King’s English slips and slides

in conversation.

Even the most educated and literate people do not use standard ,formal English all the time in their conversation.

英译汉

Someone took one of the best-known of examples,which is still always worth the reconsidering ,When we talk of meat on our tables we use French words;when we speak of the animals from which the meat comes we use Anglo-Saxon words.it is a pig in its sty;it is pork (porc)on the table.They are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef (boeuf).Chichens become poultry (poulet),and a calf becomes veal (veau),Even if our menus were not written in French out of shobbery ,the English we used in them would still be Norman English .What all this tells

us is of a deep class rift in the culture of England after the Norman conquest.

有人举出了一个人所共知,但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词,而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则盎格鲁-撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig,饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork (来自法语pore);地理放牧着的牛叫cattle,席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf);Chicken 用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet);calf加工成肉则变成Veal(来自法语vcau).即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语,我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。

The Saxon peasants who tilled the land and reared the animals could not afford the meat,which went to Norman tables.The peasants were allowed to eat the rabbits that scampered over their field and,since that meat was cheap,the Norman lords of course turned up their noses at it .So rabbit is still rabbit on our tables ,and not changed into some rendering of lapin

撒克逊农民种地养畜,自己出产的肉自己却吃不起,全都送上了诺曼底人的餐桌。农民们只能吃到在地里乱窜的兔子。兔子肉因为便宜,诺曼底贵族自然不屑去吃它。因此,活兔子和吃的兔子肉共用rabbit这个词表示,而没有换成由法语lapin转化而来的某个词。

As we listen today to the arguments about bilingual education.we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language .There must have been a great deal of cultural humiliation felt by the English when they revolted under Saxon leaders like Hereward the wake .“The King’s English ”—If the term had existed then –hand become French .And here in America now,900 years later,we are still the heirs to it .

当我们今天听着有关双语教育问题的争论时,我们应该设身处地替当时的撒克逊农民想一想,新的统治阶级把法语用来对抗撒克逊农民自己的语言,从而在农民周围筑起一道文化障碍。当英国人在像觉醒者赫里沃德这样的撒克逊领袖领导下起来造反时,他们一定深深地感受到了文化上的屈辱。“标准英语——如果那时候有这个名词的话——已经变成法语。而九百年后我们在美国这儿仍然继承了这种影响。

解释斜体字

1.Their marriage may be on the rocks

On the rocks:metaphor , comparing a marriage to a ship wrecked on the rocks

2.They got out of bed on the wrong side

Get out of bed on the wrong side : be in a bad temper for the day (The meaning is perhaps derived from the expression “You got out of bed the wrong way”.It was an ancient superstition that it was unlucky to set the left foot on the ground first on getting out of bed.”)

3.The conversation was on wings

On wings: metaphor , comparing conversation to a bird flying and soaring.It means the conversation soon became spirited and exciting.

4.The Norman lords of course turned up their noses at it

Turn up one’s nose at :scorn ;show scorn for

5.We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant

Into the shoes :metaphor (or more appropriately an idiomatic expression) think as if one were wearing the shoes of the Saxon peasant, i. e. as if one were a Saxon peasant.

6.English had come royally into its own

Come into one’s own : receive what properly belongs to one ,especially acclaim or recognition. 7.We sit up at the vividness of the phrase.

Sit up at : become suddenly alert and take notice of

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U n i t 1 III 1 beneath 2 disguised 3 whistles 4 restrain 5 grasp 6 longing 7 praying 8 faithful 9 pledge 10 drain IV 1 tell … on you 2 track down 3 work it out 4 picking on me 5 reckoned with 6 call on 7 on his own 8 get through 9 in disguise 10 revolves around V G O D I K L B F A N VI 1 advise 2 level 3 problems 4 necessity 5 skills 6 experience 7 solution 8 value 9 tool 10 manner VII 1 air-conditioned( 装空调的;有冷气的 ) 2 handmade (手工制作的) 3 thunderstruck (非 常吃惊的) 4 heartfelt (衷心的;诚挚的) 5 data-based (基于数据的)6 self-employe d (自主经营的) 7 custom-built (定制的;定做的) 8 weather-beaten (饱经风霜的) VIII 1. well-informed (对…… 非常熟悉的) 2 new-found (新获得的) 3 hard-earned (辛苦挣得 的) 4 soft-spoken (说话温柔的) 5 newly-married (新婚的) 6 widely-held (普遍认为的) 7 well-meant (出于好意的) 8 well-educated (受过良好教育的) IX 1 no matter how different it may seem form any other substance 2 no matter what a woman tries to do to improve her situation 3 no matter what excuse he gives 4 no matter what anyone else may think 5 no matter how they rewrite history X 1 just as we gained fame in victory, we lost nothing in defeat 2 just as the head teacher plays a significant role in the school, Jane plays a significant role f leader in the classroom. 3 whoever was out there obviously couldn ’t see him just as he couldn ’t see them. 4 she has been searching all her life for the perfect chocolate just as I have been searching for the perfect beer. 5 you can make those kinds of comparisons just as you were doing the analyses a minute ago. XI 1. No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception.

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