高一英语page20

Book 3

Unit 1 Festivals around the world

基础落实

Ⅰ.高频单词思忆

1.The girl had been drowned_ to death in the river before the police came to save her.

2.Parents are always forgiving__ their little children for making mistakes.

3.A lot of people gathered__round,curious to know what was happening.

4.No pains,no gains__ .

5.I haven’t much belief__in his honesty,because he often tells lies.

6.Do you know when India gained its __independence___________ (独立) from Britain?

7.Do you know the __origin(s)_______ (起源) of life on earth?

8.He got a lot of __awards_____(奖状) for his excellent study.

9.His nervousness was __obvious______(显然的) right from the start.

10.They entered the area without ___permission________(允许).

Ⅱ.重点短语再现

1._turn up_出现；到场

2.___set off__出发；动身；使爆炸

3._play a trick on_搞恶作剧

4._in memory of_纪念；追念

5._dress up__盛装；打扮；装饰

6.__look forward to__期望

7._have fun with_玩得开心8._keep one’s word_守信用

9._hold one’s breath_屏息10._remind of_使……想起

Ⅲ.典型句式运用

1.At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find,especially during the cold winter months.那时，特别是在冬季寒冷的日子里，如果难以找到食物，人们就会挨饿。

to find为动词不定式，作_状语_，修饰表语形容词difficult，并且find 与逻辑主语food之间构成_动宾_关系，这时，动词不定式用_主动形式表示_被动_意义。

2.China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China,enjoy mooncakes.中国和日本都有中秋节，这时人们会赏月，在中国，人们会品尝月饼。

when people admire the moon and in China,enjoy mooncakes为when引导的_非限制定语__从句。when指代先行词_mid-autumn_festivals__，在从句中作时间状语。

3.Finding that Zhinüwas heart-broken,her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year.

看到织女伤心欲绝,王母娘娘最后决定让这对夫妻每年跨过银河相会一次。

finding that Zhinüwas heart-broken为现在分词短语在句中作_原因_状语，现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、伴随、条件、让步、结果或补充说明等情况。

4.There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling, “Why are you so late?I’ve been waiting for you for a long time!And I have a gift for you!”那是

胡瑾在向他招手，她喊道：“你为什么这么晚才来呢？我在这儿等你好久了！我有礼物给你！”

waving at him and calling 在句中作_HuJin_的宾语，表示动作由_HuJin_发出。在there be 结构中常用现在分词、过去分词或定语从句来作主语的修饰语。

重点单词

1.starve

例句：The lady is starving herself trying to lose weight.

那位女士正在节食，试图减肥。

They tried to starve the army to give in.

他们试图使军队因饥饿而投降。

They got lost in the desert and starved to death.

他们在沙漠中迷路了，饥饿而死。

starve _vi. & vt.(使)饿死；(使)挨饿__。

starve to death饿死starve for sth.渴望得到某物

starve sb.of sth.使某人得不到某物而受苦或渴望获得某物

starvation n. 挨饿，饿死die of starvation饿死be starving非常饥饿即学即用

(1)Millions of people starved _to death during the war.

(2)The lonely child is starving _for_ companionship.

2.award

Some people might win ___awards____ for their farm produce.

Li Bingbing won the best actress award in the 12th Film Festival.

李冰冰在12届电影节中获最佳女演员奖。

He was awarded the first prize for being the best singer.

他作为最佳歌手被授予一等奖。

归纳总结

award

(1)vt._授予；奖给_,后多接双宾语award sb.sth.,在多数场合下用被动形式be awarded。

(2)n._____奖，奖品；奖金_________。

(3)award既可作动词也可作名词,指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励,往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。

易混辨异

prize,reward,award

(1)prize为名词,多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。

(2)reward既可作动词也可作名词,指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金、酬金。

(3)award作名词用时与prize相似，都指因为杰出成就而受奖;作动词用时award意为“授与,颁发;判给”。

即学即用

(1)奖章授予辩论队中的最佳演说者。

Medals _a re awarded to the best speakers_ onthe debating team.

(2)袁隆平因为在农业生产方面的贡献而被政府给予奖励。

Yuan Longping _received awards_ from the government for his contribution to agricultural production.

3.gain

the leader who helped _gain_ India’s independence from Britain.

观察思考

He only seems to be interested in personal gain.

他似乎只在乎个人的收益。

I’ve gained weight recently. 最近我的体重增加了。

My watch gains two minutes every 24 hours.

我的表每24小时快2分钟。

归纳总结

gain n.____获得;收益__; vt.__得到,增加,增添;(钟,表等)快_。

易混辨异

gain,obtain,get,acquire,attain,win

(1)gain强调经过艰苦的努力而获得成果。

(2)obtain指没有付出很大努力而获得。

(3)get既可指主动争取，也可指被动接受，有时不一定需要很大努力就能获得。

(4)acquire主要指获得知识、能力等。

(5)attain主要指达到重要目标或获得珍贵的东西,运用的场合比较庄

重。

(6)win主要指在竞争、比赛或辩论中击败对手而赢得胜利。

即学即用

(1)她生平第一次知道世界是多么大。

For the first time in her life she _gained a clear idea_of how vast the world is.

(2)该公司在生产效率方面已经有了明显的提高。

The company has __made notable gains_ in productivity.

4.trick

If the neighbours do not give any sweets,the children might play a _trick_ on them.

He knew he had been tricked,but it was too late.

他知道自己被骗了，但为时已晚。

She has a trick of raising her eyebrows at the end of a question.

她有一个习惯，在提问题结束时总要扬起眉毛。

归纳总结

trick _v.欺骗,诈骗_; n.__诡计;恶作剧;窍门;习惯_。

play a trick/tricks on sb.捉弄某人

have a trick of doing sth.有做某事的习惯

trick sb.into doing sth.哄骗某人做某事

trick sb.out of sth.骗取某人某物laugh at sb.嘲笑某人

look down upon sb.歧视某人

(1)对你自己的朋友开这种玩笑太过分了。

What a nasty _trick to play jokes on someone_ who’s supposed to be your friends!

(2)妈妈骗我吃了药。

Mother ___tricked me into taking__ the medicine.

5.Admire

China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire_ the moon and in China,enjoy mooncakes.

例句：I have to admire Wang Nan for her persistence.

我不得不佩服王楠那种坚韧的精神。

The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching.

这所学校教学优秀，远近称誉。

I have just been admiring your new car.

我刚才一直在观赏你的新轿车。

归纳总结

admire _v.钦佩；赞美；欣赏。

admire oneself自我欣赏admire one’s sth.钦佩某人的某方面

admire sb.for sth.因某事钦佩或羡慕某人admiration n.钦佩；赞赏express admiration for sb.对某人表示钦佩

have great admiration for sb.十分钦佩某人

with/in admiration心怀钦佩地……

(1)我确实佩服她自己一个人把孩子养大。

I really __admire the way she brought_up her child_ on her own.

(2)他在相声方面的成就受人仰慕。

He _was admired for_ his work on crosstalk.

重点短语与句型

6.in memory of

For the Japanese festival Obon(盂兰盆节)，people should go to clean graves and light incense_in memory of their ancestors.

例句：China has held series of activities in memory of the people who gave their lives to the country.

中国已经举办了一系列活动以纪念那些为祖国献身的人。

归纳总结

in memory of意为：纪念；追念__。

(1)to the memory of=in memory of为了纪念

have a good/bad memory for sth.善于记……/不善于记……

bring back good memories引起对美好往事的回忆

within sb.’s memory就某人记忆所及

(2)相似短语：

in favor of支持，赞同；对某人有利in face of面临，面对

in honour of为纪念……；祝贺……；为了向…表示敬意

in need of需要in place of代替in case of万一in charge of负责；掌管

in search of寻找

即学即用

(1)他写了这首诗以纪念在四川地震中死去的人们。

He wrote a poem _to the memory of/in memory of_ those who died in the Sichuan Earthquake.

(2)并非每个人都善于记英语单词。

Not everyone ___has a good memory for____ English words.

7.hold one’s breath

I just held my breath and prayed I wouldn’t be found.

我只是屏住呼吸，祈求自己不被找到。

We held our breath while Mr.Evans read the exam results.

埃文斯先生宣读考试成绩时，我们都屏息静听。

归纳总结

hold one’s breath意为：__屏息，屏气__。

at a breath一口气地below/under one’s breath小声地，悄悄地catch one’s breath屏息；喘口气draw breath呼吸；休息一下

get one’s breath喘过气来;恢复正常in a/one breath一口气地;一瞬间in the same breath同时，异口同声地lose one’s breath喘不过气来out of breath喘不过气来的(地) save one’s breath不要白费口舌

take sb.’s breath away令人惊叹,让人叹绝take breath喘口气;歇会儿即学即用——用breath的相关短语填空

(1)After the long race,the girl lost her breath__.

(2)The child _____held his breath__ at the sight of the snake.

8.turn up

But she didn’t __turn up__.

There is no need to book—just turn up on the night.

没有必要预订，只要那天晚上来就行。

Don’t turn the TV up—I’m trying to read.

别把电视声音开大，我正想看点书呢。

归纳总结

turn up意为：__出现，到场；开大_。

turn down关小；调低；拒绝turn off关上；转弯

turn out生产，制造；结果是turn over翻转；交付；反复考虑

turn to求助于；转向turn around回转turn against背叛；反抗

turn in上交；欺骗turn on打开；转开turn away不准……入内；走开即学即用

(1)他仍然在希望会有机会出现。

He’s still hoping something __will turn up___.

(2)我确信这件事最终会有好结局的。

I’m sure it will __turn out__ well in the end.

9.keep one’s word

She said she would be there at seven o’clock,and he thought she would ___keep one’s word_.

观察思考

I hope you will always keep your word.

我希望你能始终遵守你的诺言。

She kept her word to visit him.

她遵守诺言去看了他。

归纳总结

keep one’s word意为：___守信用__。

break one’s word失信keep/break one’s promise守信/失信

a man of one’s word有信用的人

eat one’s words收回前言；认错道歉get a word in插话

have a word with...与……谈一谈

have words with sb.about sth.因某事与某人争吵

in a word一句话，简而言之leave word留言；留信

send word捎信respect one’s word守信

take back one’s words收回某人的话in other words换句话说

即学即用

(1)I _give you my word___(向你保证) that I’ll keep it a secret.

(2)He always _keeps his word__(信守诺言)；he is a man of his word(守信用的人).

10.Some festivals are held to honour the dead or satisfy the ancestors,who might return either to help or to do harm.

有些节日,是为了纪念死者，或者使祖先得到满足,因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助,也有可能带来危害。

典例体验

I left it _either__ on the table or in the drawer.

我不是把它放在桌子上,就是把它放在抽屉里了。

_Either_ you or the headmaster is going to attend the meeting.

你或者是校长，去参加那个会议。

归纳总结

句中的either...or...是“__或者……或者…_”之意，是一个连词词组，用来连接两个相同的成分,表示“两者选一”的意思。当either... or...连接两个主语时,要注意主语和谓语动词在人称和数上的一致性。通常的规则是:谓语动词要和___邻近的那个主语__在人称和数上保持一致，即__就近一致__原则。

当either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...,not...but...等连接两个主语时，其谓语动词通常和邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

即学即用

(1)你和他有一方完全正确。

__Either you or he____ is wholly right.

(2)不仅他的父母,而且他最好的朋友都鼓励他出国。

Not only his parents but also his best friend encourages him to go abroad.

考题回扣

1.Schools across China are expected to hire 50，000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers,almost three times the number hired last year, __C_reduce unemployment pressures. (江苏高考)

A.help

B.to have helped

C.to help

D.having helped

解析根据句意可知此处应该选动词不定式作目的状语。

课文原文

Festivals can also be held __to honour famous people_。

2.The traffic is heavy these days.I __D__ arrive a bit late,so could you save me a place? (辽宁高考)

A.can

B.must

C.need

D.might

解析句意为：近来交通拥挤,我可能会到得晚一点，你能给我占个位子吗？表示不确定的推测用might。can表示“可能”，把握性比might大;must表示“肯定”，是非常接近于事实的推断；need表示“必要，需要”；三者均与句意不符。

3.It is obvious to the students __D____they should get well prepared for their future. (天津高考)

A.as

B.which

C.whether

D.that

解析句中it为形式主语,that引导的主语从句为真正的主语。句意为：很明显对学生们来说,他们应当为未来做好充分的准备。

4.It just isn’t fair;__D__I was working as a waiter last month，my friends were lying on the beach. (辽宁高考)

A.whenever

B.though

C.for

D.while

解析句意为:这真不公平。上个月当我在做服务员的时候,我的朋友们正躺在沙滩上。表示“与此同时”用while,引导时间状语从句。5.Excuse me,Marcia,a reporter from Vanity Fair ___ all day.Could you

speak to her now? (辽宁高考)

A.phones

B.has phoned

C.has been phoning

D.phoned

解析句意为：对不起，玛西娅，一位来自Vanity Fair的记者一整天都在打电话,你现在能和她通话吗?表示过去开始的动作一直持续进行到现在用现在完成进行时。题干中all day表示一段时间。

Ⅱ.短语运用

throw away,turn up，apologize，fall in love,get married,forgive oneself,hold one’s breath,keep one’s word

1.We invited her to dinner but she hadn’t __turned up____.

2.I must ___apologize___ to you for not being able to meet you.

3.I can’t _forgive myself__ for not seeing my mother before she died.

4.The whole country _held its breath_ to see who would win the election.

5.I believe in him because he always __keeps his word______.

6.The young man _fell in love_ with the girl at first sight,and soon they got married.

7.They __got married___ secretly,and they werevery happy.

8.I shouldn’t have ___thrown away___ the receipt.

Ⅲ.完成句子

1.Many people _starved to death__(饿死) because of the famine(饥荒).

2.The children are __having so much fun_(玩得非常高兴),and I hate to call them inside.

3.They built that monument _in memory of_(纪念) the people’s heroes.

4.If they are not given anything,the children might play a trick_(捣蛋).

5.I remembered the whole thing,_as though/if_it had happened yesterday___ (好像它是昨天发生的一样).

6.I’m _looking forward to seeing you_(盼望见到你) this summer vacation.

Ⅳ.单项填空

1.Mr.Alcott told me that four fifths of the houses ____.

A.have been sold out

B.had been sold out

C.were sold out

D.was sold out

解析考查时态和语态。句意为：Mr.Alcott告诉我五分之四的房子已经售出。主句是一般过去时（told），从句所述的事发生在“过去”之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，房子是“被”售出，用被动语态。

2.Eventually the government rebuilt the bridge _____ the appeal and even the pressure of the public.

A.in response to

B.in favor of

C.in place of

D.in memory of

解析考查介词短语辨析。句意为:作为公众要求甚至是压力的回应，政府最终重建了这座桥。In response to相当于as a response to，意思是“作为……的回应”。理解语境和准确把握短语的意思是解决此题的关键。

3.In some parts of London,missing a bus means____ for another hour.

A.waiting

B.to wait

C.wait

D.to be waiting

解析考查mean的用法。mean to do sth.打算做某事；mean doing sth.意味着……。句意为：在伦敦的某些地方，错过公交车意味着再等一小时。

4. looks forward every spring to ____ the flower-lined garden.

A.visit

B.paying a visit

C.walk in

D.walking in

解析考查look forward to的用法。to是介词，后用动名词形式，排除A、C两项；pay a visit后应加to,故只有D项正确。

5.It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to ____.

A.rewards

B.prizes

C.awards

D.results

解析考查名词辨析。reward回报，报答；prize奖，奖金；award奖，奖品，奖金；result结果。句意为:人们普遍认为小孩子学会做事是因为某些行为会带来回报。故选A项。

6.We don’t have to ______ an invitation just because it’s for Friday night (date night)and we are supposed to be with our boyfriend or girlfriend.

A.turn down

B.turn up

C.turn out

D.turn in

解析考查动词短语辨析。turn down拒绝；turn up出现；开大；turn out证明是，结果是；turn in上交。

7. _____ is known to us all is that the old scientist，for life was hard in the past,still works very hard in his eighties.

A.As;whom

B.What;whom

C.It;whose

D.As;whose

解析考查主语从句和定语从句。第一空用what引导主语从句；第二空用whom引导定语从句,修饰先行词the old scientist,意为“对他来说”。

8.Having retired from business,he now ___himself with the welfare of the disabled and lives a meaningful life.

A.associates

B.occupies

C.charges

D.awards

解析考查动词辨析。句意为:从生意场上退下来以后,他就投身于残疾人事业,过着有意义的生活。associate和……有联系;occupy oneself with忙于；charge要价；指控；award奖励。

9.We were all ____ with the ____ performance of our Chinese basketball players in the match against Spain.

A.satisfying;satisfied

B.satisfied;satisfied

C.satisfied;satisfying

D.satisfying;satisfying

解析be satisfied with...表示“对……感到满意”，所以第一空为satisfied，由于第二空修饰事物作定语，表示“令人满意的”，所以用satisfying。

10.This is your last chance to go abroad for further education.Don’t ____ it away.

A.take

B.keep

C.put

D.throw

解析考查动词短语辨析。take away带走；keep away远离；put away 收拾好；处理掉;throw away 扔掉；错过。根据句意知选D项。11.Reportedly yesterday a group of American soldiers were walking

along the road in Iraq when a bomb was ____,three of whom were killed.

A.set about

B.set off

C.set up

D.set out

解析考查set短语的用法。set about着手;开始;set off出发，动身；引爆；燃放;set up建立,设立，创立；搭起，支起;set out动身,出发;着手，开始。由题意知选B项。

12.—Why ______ you stay in the countryside，where it’s not convenient to go shopping?

—But I’ve found it rather valuable for my health.

A.can

B.must

C.may

D.shall

解析考查情态动词must的用法。must在此表示特定的语气和态度，意为“偏要，一定要”。

13.Eminent physicists from all over the world came to the USA to _____ the centenial(一百周年纪念) of Einstein’s birth.

A.congratulate

B.challenge

C.celebrate

D.participate

解析考查动词词义辨析。congratulate祝贺,后常接人作宾语，并常与on连用。celebrate庆祝，后常接日期、事情或场合；challenge挑战；participate参与，参加，后需加in。

14.It was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which _____ of the parents spoke the language.

A.none

B.neither

C.both

D.each

解析句意为：对他来说在家庭中学习英语很困难，因为他父母都不会说这种语言。neither表示两者都不。

15.What he said just now _____ me of that American professor.

A.mentioned

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5f9649640.html,rmed

C.reminded

D.memorized

解析考查动词辨析。句意为:他刚才说的话使我想起了那位美国教授。句中需要的动词应该用于v.+sb.of sth.结构中，而A、D不能用于此结构。inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事，不合句意。remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事或使某人想起某事，符合句意。

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