翻译理论与实践课后习题答案

第一章翻译概论

第一节中外翻译史简介

四、课内练习

1. 东汉至唐宋时期。

2. 玄奘不仅译出了75 部佛经，而且还把老子的部分著作译成梵文，成为第一个向国外介绍汉语著作的中国人。

3. 20 世纪初的“五四”新文化运动，开创了白话文学和白话翻译的新纪元，语言从文言正宗转为白话本位。五四运动前后，东西方各国的优秀文学作品，特别是俄国和苏联的作品开始被介绍进来，《共产党宣言》等一批马克思主义著作的译文就发表在“五四”时期，为中国后来的革命做了充分的理论和思想准备。

4. 圣经的翻译成为了西方翻译研究的重要源头之一。

5. 中外悠久的翻译历史已为我们积累了一份宝贵的文化遗产。我们应当认真总结前人的翻译经验，借鉴吸收前人从实践中总结出的理论、方法，以便继续提高我们的翻译水平，为中外文化交流做出自己的贡献。

五、课后练习

（一）将下列段落译成中文：

一百年前的今天：一些海鸥；北卡罗来纳州杀魔山海岸警卫队的三个队员；救生站以及一些本地人，见证了威尔帕·莱特(Wilbur Wright)和奥维尔·莱特(Orville Wright)兄弟的第一次机动飞机飞行。1903 年12 月17 日，莱特兄弟第一次用比空气重的飞行器进行了有动力的持续飞行。1932 年，90 英尺高的杀魔山顶立起了一座60 英尺高的花岗岩纪念碑，用以纪念这两个来自俄亥俄州代顿市的梦想家。莱特兄弟来自于美国中部。他们有着天空般广阔的眼界，也有着十分务实的作风。1892 年，他们在俄亥俄州的代顿开创了自己的自行车企业：莱特自行车公司。虽然在当时世纪之交的美国，有着数不清的自行车公司，但只有一个在造轮子的同时造出了翅膀。当莱特兄弟在1903 年最终着眼于动力载人飞行器，他们成功地使世界变小了……

（二）将下列段落译成英文：

As Jia baoyu，Xue Baoqin，Xing youyan and Ping’er had birthdays on the same day，the young ladies held a hilarious drinking party in the hall of the peony garden for them. When it was Xiangyun’s turn to compose a verse amid a drinking game，she made fun of the service maids by saying，holding a duck head in hand，“This ya tou （referring to the duck head in hand）is not that ya tou （referring to the service maids around，as both are homophones in Chinese），for this ya tou has applied no hair oil….”Everybody roared with laughter. Some service maids protested，laughing，“You made fun of us，so you have to drink another cup. Let’s pour a full cup her….”As the party went on drinkers’games continued with ceaseless laughter and people suddenly noticed that Xiangyun had disappeared. While they looked this way and that，a service maid rushed in laughing，“Young ladies. Hurry to have a look at the Lady Xiangyun. She’s sleeping on the stone bench over there.”The group tiptoed over，and sure enough，saw Xiangyun sleeping soundly. Fallen flowers scattered on her body，her hair and her face. Her fan had dropped on the ground aside. Bees danced in the air around her. Under her head was a make-shift pillow of peony flowers wrapped with her handkerchief. Amid laughter service girls gently woke her up and helped her-she was still mumbling something drunkenly-get inside the

room.

第二节翻译的定义与性质

四、课内练习

（一）将下列英文译成中文：

1. 海蒂读过阿瑟的信后陷入了绝望之中。后来，她采取了一个不幸者常常采取的那种快刀斩乱麻的行动：嫁给了亚当，从而陷进了终身的痛苦，为的不过是跳出那一时的悲伤。

2. 一个人不要做了一件好事就到处宣扬，而应带动他人，就像葡萄的藤蔓，开花结果，年复一年。

3. 一想起她一个人出去重新登上找工作的艰辛旅途，他顿觉万念俱灰。

4. 十一月的寒风，对他就像夏天吹拂的凉风一样。舒适的冷空气使他容光焕发，两颊通红，两眼闪光。

5. 天空阴沉沉的，乌云密布，不久就能感觉到豆大的雨点稀稀疏疏地落下，转瞬间变成倾盆大雨，骤然而下。(杨晓萍译）

（二）将下列中文译成英文：

1. An excellent, all-round student with a congenial personality, she is a promising candidate for the exchange program.

2. How to make further use of scientific resources in college to better serve our economy is a key element in the reform of institutions of higher education.

3. The surface of the pool quivered as the swallow skimmed over it.

4. The man seemed quite at ease, but his rolling eyes gave him away/ betray him.

5. Ignorant as I am, I know not to promote a person for what he says not to undervalue what is said because of the person who says it.

五、课后练习

（一）将下列段落译成中文：

随着专业化程度的提高，各门知识的边界正在以前所未有的速度往里收缩。但这种收缩是付出了相当大的代价才做到的。现在一个科学家离开了他自己的专业就不会比一个傻子强多少，正像一个文学家对科技方面的重大进展几乎一无所知一样，都是现代才有的怪现象。同样地，专业化也间接地影响到了各行各业中的普通人。以前仅仅是由于对它们本身感兴趣而去从事的许多活动，现在常常因感到没有希望而被放弃了。专家们说，从事这些活动所需要的技巧得付出毕生的精力才能掌握。当你能在客厅里欣赏到世界上最杰出的钢琴家的演奏时，你干吗还要学钢琴呢？

（二）将下列段落译成英文：

“Dwell on One or Two”Lin Qingxuan A friend of mind brought over a newly purchased set of paper, brush, ink-stick and ink-slab, and asked me to write something for the wall in the sitting room of his new house. I unfolded the

paper, ground the ink-stick on the slab, and wrote out the words: “Dwell on one or two.”“What does this mean?”asked my friend. “You know the popular saying.”I replied, “Life means frustration eight or nine times out of ten.”Dedicating the eighty or ninety per cent of frustration, you still have ten or twenty per cent of success, happiness or gratification. If you want to enjoy life, you should focus on the one or two times you are happy, be thankful and cherish them. Then you’ll never be overwhelmed by the eight or nine times when you are unhappy.”Happily my friend left, carrying the scroll in his arms. (《中国翻译》编辑部：《“韩素音青年翻译奖”竞赛作品与评析：英汉对照》)

第三节翻译的标准与译者的素养

四、课内练习

（一）将下列英文译成中文：

1. 也许只有传统才能真正反映出人的性格和精神。旅行的目的，除了四处游览观光之外，更重要的就是去了解彼此的风俗和文化。

2. 如今作为世界文化遗产，巨石阵及其周围建筑依旧是5000 到3000 年前石器时代和青铜时代伟大文明的有力见证者。

3. 澳洲大陆跨越许多种不同的气候带，有北部的热带、亚热带和稀树草原，由中部干旱不毛的沙漠，还有南部的温带。

4. 在南达克塔州海拔6000 英尺的黑山顶上耸立着华盛顿、林肯、杰斐逊和罗斯福思维美国总统栩栩如生的塑像。

5. 迪斯尼乐园的成功有许多原因，但是归根结底要归功于一个人，这个人发明了卡通画，白手起家，创建了这家公司。

（二）将下列中文译成英文：

1. Tourism has already become one of the world’s most important industries, with high growth rate and net profits.

2. China’s tourism industry has grown in tandem with the economic explosion over the last two decades.

3. As the Chinese tourism market expands at a high speed, a good environment is being created to further drive its development.

4. With the acceleration of urbanization, man’s desire to return to nature grows with each passing day.

5. In those areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, you can not only enjoy the beautiful scenery but also learn about the local customs and traditional cultures.

五、课后练习

（一）将下列段落译成中文：

Tourism, a fast developing economic sector over the last two decades in all parts of the world, is now receiving increasing attention among the Chinese public．Many people have written to the press making suggestions for the promotion of tourism in China. It is believed that the development of tourism will help promote mutual understanding and friendship between the people of China and other countries, and facilitate ex-changes in the field of culture, science and

technology. Moreover, it will help accumulate funds for China’s great cause. Furthermore, the experience of other countries shows that tourism directly and indirectly helps promote the growth of，economic sectors such as communications, commerce, service trades, light industry, arts and crafts industry and urban construction.

（二）将下列段落译成英文

但是要说生命的色彩在海德公园的假山假水之中十分悦目，那么在一片真正的海滨才显得灿烂庄严。只要在海滨领略过一回，就足以成为调色大师。啊，多么难忘的天然图画！夕阳渐渐西坠，晚霞变得斑斓多彩，不是坠落在大海，而是坠落在大地。大海呈现出幽暗而又十分森冷的湛蓝色，不过毫无寒意——幽暗而不带几分乳白。天空也是低沉的。一景一物历历可数，没有神秘气息，显得分外素朴。最晶莹透明的是水沫闪闪发白的边沿，它总是白色的，原来在晚霞中染上了一抹金黄一抹品红。水沫依然是想象得出的最洁白的了。其次，那孩子也是晶莹透明的，同样披上了一身晚霞和生命的色彩。(杨自伍译)

第四节翻译的过程与方法四、课内练习（一）将下列英文译成中文：

1. 鲁丝一直在扰乱别的孩子,我就把她撵了出去。

2. 他模样奇特，见了令人发笑；奇怪的是他并非毫无尊严可言。

3. 时间的流逝是没界限的，上月接下月，新年接旧年。你听不到惊雷，也看不到焰火，新的岁月已悄然来临。

4. 由于缺乏忠实可靠的强有力的领导人，政治变成了玩政治的人物的行当，这些二流人物第一次大规模地将美国的许多城市和许多州经管得一塌糊涂，在某种程度上甚至殃及联邦政府。

5.商贾和律师走出了街市的喧嚣和欺诈，见到了蓝天、绿树，于是又恢复了人的本性。

（二）将下列中文译成英文：

1. It happened during the winter of 1091. A bitter north wind was blowing but, to make a living, I had to be up and out early.

2. The American society places emphasis on college education, which they believe will eventually lead to fruitful careers.

3. Three young people who have taken wrong steps in their life now shed their repenting tears.

4. Any person who fails to master something new will be left behind the time.

5. A gentleman is always ready to help others attain their arms.

五、课后练习（一）将下列段落译成中文：

现代科学之缔造者，率有两大美德，一为观察事物，具有极大耐心；二曰提出假设，又极为大胆。然学者之中，有其一未必有其二。初期希腊哲学家，以大胆假设见长。稍后之古代天文家，多以耐心观察著称。古代哲人中，两美兼具者殆无一人，唯一例外，或是亚里斯太克斯。至于中古世纪，有一人有一美者竟不可得。哥白尼及继哥白尼之研究者，则集两种美德于一身。哥白尼用当时已发明之仪器，仰视天体运行，凡人目能察者，无不

察及。哥白尼地球一昼夜自转之说，此一假设，比之全宇天体旋转之说，具有一语道破的优点。（许国璋译，选自连淑能，连淑能. 英汉翻译教程. 北京: 高等教育出版社. 2006：161-162）

（二）将下列段落译成英文：

Yet, we all know that supply of provisions and clothing is only one aspect of life; man’s demand on life is many-sided. Higher the civilization, higher is man’s psychological aspiration. This is especially true of old folks. Like young people, they have the need of cultural life, the need of recreation and amusement, the need of dignity and the need of accomplishment. Besides, having traversed greater part of their lives and unwilling to leave behind too many regrets, they want to, in their remaining years, make their lives easier and more substantial. During my stay in Vienna, I found that all the elderly people I met with seemed to enjoy their lives enormously. Contagiously, I couldn’t help admiring them for their positive attitude toward life, especially their optimism. Because of the language barrier I could not go deep into our conversation. So, all I could do is record what I saw then and there in sketch forms. （李金达译）

第五节翻译单位四、课内练习（一）将下列英文译成中文：

1. 当我切开病人的腹部或胸部时，我不再感到忐忑不安。

2. 水手们笑着，欢呼着，团团围住了这两个人。

3. 他站住，转过身来，定睛一看，原来是个年迈的妇女。她身材修长，虽受岁月折磨而显得憔悴，但风韵犹存。

4. 如果有人想象自己可以不要别人独自生活，那他是自欺欺人，然而，如果有人幻想别人离了他不行，那就大错特错了。

5. 男女同校的学校就是向孩子们提供了一个真实社会的缩影。

（二）将下列中文译成英文：

1. For all her privilege and wealth, life had not been easy and the experiences of childhood sufferings had left a deep mark on her life.

2. All these conflicts should be solved through negotiations. Sanctions or threat with sanctions will do nobody good and run contrary to the trend of the times.

3. Apart from tears，only time could wear everything away. While feeling is being processed by time, conflicts would be reconciled as time goes by，just like a cup of tea that is being continuously diluted.

4. Be sure that you have never had any regrets in your life which only lasts for a few decades. Laugh or cry as you like, and it’s meaningless to oppress yourself.

5. His friends can never count upon how he is going to act under given conditions, as he is always full of surprise.

五、课后练习（一）将下列段落译成中文：

我还记得那天，爸爸豁出瘦小的身躯，第一次把那沉甸甸的手风琴拖上我们家的门廊。

他把妈妈和我召到客厅，打开箱子，好像那是个百宝箱似的。“给，”他说：“你一学会拉它，它就跟你终身做伴。”我淡淡一笑，满不像他那么喜笑颜开，可那是因为我一直巴望着有一把吉他，或一架钢琴。当时是1960 年，我迷上了在调幅广播里收听德尔．珊农和查比．切克的音乐。手风琴在我的流行曲目里根本排不上号。看着那白晃晃的琴键和奶油色的风箱，我都可以听到伙伴们嘲弄这玩意儿的声音。后来的两个礼拜，手风琴一直搁在门厅的壁橱里。有天晚上，爸爸宣布，下周起我开始上手风琴课。狐疑中我向母亲递眼色，求她帮忙。可她紧闭着嘴，就是说我这次倒了霉了。花300 元买架手风琴，每上一课还得交5 元，这可不合我父亲的性格。他向来都很讲究实际——这是他自小时在宾夕法尼亚州的农场学来的。当时穿的、取暖的、有时候连吃的都很少。我出生前，父母搬进了新泽西州泽西城外公外婆家二层楼的房子。我就是在那儿的楼上长大的，外公他们住楼下。爸爸每天去长岛上班来回要坐3 个小时的车。他在那儿的一家飞机发动机维修公司做监督。周末他就在地窖里东修西补，不是把零星的胶合板拼成多用柜，就是找些零部件修理破玩具。他生性沉静顺腆，只有坐在工作凳上时才最为自在。(将跃译)

（二）将下列段落译成英文：

Catch “Tomorrow”By Xie Daguang On the screen, she is a well-known actress; in literary circles, she is a celebrated writer. Both parts are so natural with her as if they were inborn. Many people wonder why. Some say that years of experience on stage have left her a great power of imaginative reflection; others suggest that the sensitivity of an actress is a rich source of feelings which bring special charm into her writings. Perhaps so. But the real answer to the question was not found until I probed into her unique life experience. Before she started her acting career in Shanghai in 1942, she went to school in Tianjin. Now she still remembers clearly the summer of 1937 when she finished primary school. After taking the entrance exam of Nankai Secondary School, she went one day to see if her name appeared on the list of successful candidates. Full of hope and elation, she was passing Zhongyuan Department Store, when martial law was declared. Among many others, she hastened into the store for shelter. Then tanks flying Japanese flags were seen looming down the road, the huge treads cutting deep into the earth of her country; as if, she felt, into the bosom of her mother, leaving in her young heart a wound which could never be healed. That was the day when the Japanese soldiers occupied Tianjin. After that, Japanese was mandatory at school. The teacher, who had spent most of her time with the students, taught “The Last Lesson”by Daudet, with tears in her eyes. (王伟译)

第二章英汉对比第一节英汉语言对比四、课内练习（一）将下列英文译成中文：

1.当尤利西斯·格兰特与罗伯特·李在美国弗吉尼亚的一所简朴房子的客厅里会晤时，

美国生活中的伟大一章结束了，崭新的一章开始了。2. 对智者来说，有些书非读不可。历史与科学著作必须苦读才能融会贯通。3. 梦想退休以后依靠财产安度晚年的投资者，发现自己又一次回到漫漫创业之路的起点。 4. 满足我这种漫游的强烈爱好，幸与不幸，兼而有之。我曾经漫游各国，领略了人生的千变万化。 5. 计算机千年炸弹是软件编写人员截短年份遗留的问题，他们为了提高效率只用最后两位数字而不是四位数字来代表年份。

（二）将下列中文译成英文：

1. The present juncture of human evolution is characterized by intensive exchanges between nations accelerating the world’s social integration.

2. Hearing a light waltz, I summoned my courage and walked up to her with a courteous bow, making a gesture of invitation.

3. Mr. Situ Qiao had suffered countless setbacks; however, when it was time for him to work with his art for the land and the people he loved, he lost his life to a mortal illness.

4. The last day of the trip, when they were less than ten miles from Kaoyao, Senior Licentiate Yan suddenly had a spell of faintness. He retched and vomited. ( by Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang)

5. If our economy is to be fully developed, there must be a really well-organized division of labor and cooperation under a unified state plan.

五、课后练习（一）将下列段落译成中文：

欧洲有美丽的海岸线，绵延数千公里，大自然的鬼斧神工，使得海岸千姿百态。千万年来，大海不停地冲击岩石，形成了陡峭的石壁、美丽的沙滩以及彩石遍地的海滩。在挪威，冰川刻蚀海岸，形成了陡坡山谷，人们称之为“峡湾”。在其他一些国家，海浪和海风把沙子堆成沙丘。欧洲最高的沙丘，高117 米，叫琵拉沙丘，位于法国阿卡雄湾附近。许多鱼类和其他海生动物生长在欧洲沿岸的大海里，它们为海鸟和海狮之类的海洋哺乳动物提供食物。河流入海的地方在低潮的时，成群的涉水禽过来吃生长在软泥中的生物。大海对人也很重要。在古代，地中海对罗马人极其重要，所以罗马人把地中海称为“我们的海”。几百年来，欧洲人在海上航行，发现其他大陆，在其他大陆探险，与其他大陆贸易，并在其他大陆落地生根。

（二）将下列段落译成英文：

The new programme will cover six large trade and WTO related areas such as Customs and Import/Export Regulatory System, Agriculture and Agro-food, Technical Barriers to Trade, Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Services, Legislative and Legal Aspects of Domestic Implementation, Transparency, Co-operation and Policy Development. Main beneficiaries of the project will be the Ministry of Commerce, the Customs General Administration, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine. While the project will be managed by an office based in Beijing, activities such as training sessions, seminars, conferences, studies and translations, will be implemented all over China.

第二节英汉文化对比四、课内练习（一）将下列英文译成中文：

1.下面是来自明尼阿波利斯和特拉华的衣冠楚楚的律师、数个华尔街商行的金融顾问、零零散散的纽约的公司计票员，他们或在大堂餐厅用餐，或在酒吧里待着在餐巾纸上涂涂写写，或聚在公用电话亭边紧张而激烈地交谈。

2. 下面的场景变得模糊了，想到为供养这支体面的一小队人马而持续增长的花销，亨德里不禁叹息起来。

3. 会议之后，他乘上玻璃电梯，同行的是个女人，身着白色皮衣，带着个小孩。

4. 2 月11 日，在里亚尔的反对下，亨德里仍请求了破产法庭的保护，这一步有效地消除了里亚尔普通股在凯泽公司的价值，但却赋予了亨德里与凯泽公司众多债主谈判达成协议的机会。

5. 凯泽钢铁公司案例是不同寻常的，因为从美国证券交易委员会档案、案情摘要以及宣誓证词上，可以清楚地还原出富达集团所扮演的角色。

（二）将下列中文译成英文：

1. A rolling stone gathers no moss.

2. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

3. Making our best endeavors to promote the healthy and sustainable development of China’s renewable energy industry, we must give top priority to the tasks of working out and perfecting relevant supporting regulations, improving government, enterprise and society’s legal consciousness of renewable energy, promoting the effective implementation of relevant laws.

4. Future development should be the systematic and organic combination of perfecting legislation, reforming the supervision and management system and bettering technology, market, society and other relevant basic conditions.

5. As for the content of renewable energy laws, the aim for development is to strengthen the effect of market mechanism and civil society, which will make the “three hands”of government, market and society organically cooperate with one another and jointly give play to their functions, so that social fairness may be taken into consideration to the largest degree while the whole economic efficiency and development sustainability of renewable energy industry are exalted.

五、课后练习（一）将下列段落译成中文：

1859 年4 月，查尔斯·霍维去世，享年52 岁，随后南北分裂，南北战争最终废除了令他憎恨的奴隶制度。弥留之际，霍维将他的零售帝国交给了明显可以胜任工作的继承人手中，其中就包括在米尔顿的赛缪尔·约翰逊。但是，在霍维的遗嘱中，他的遗赠物使所有的加里森们加深了对他的信任：他留下了40,000 美元，投入到一个信托基金之中以资助“废奴运动以及其它改革活动”。40,000 美元是他1/4 的遗产，在当时是一笔巨款。并且，他还遗赠给加里森以及废奴运动的其他五位最激进领导人本人每人1,000 美元。（楚立峰译）

（二）将下列段落译成英文：

Ningbo ——A Port City Ningbo is one of the 14 coastal cities open to the out side world in China, and also one of the

cities specially designated in the state plan with quasi-provincial status in the economic management rights. Not only is it known as a port city both at home and abroad, but also as a cultural city with a long history. The Hemudu Site discovered in Yuyao City in 1973 has been identified as 7000 years old. The Hemudu Culture was characterized by rice cultivation, farming with spade-shaped tools, black pottery and beamless and dwellings built on stilts. The Hemudu Site is now generally acknowledged as one of the cradles of the Chinese nation. Ningbo has a history of 1170 years since it was first established as Mingzhou in 738 (in the 26th year of the Kaiyuan Period of the Tang Dynasty). The urban districts within the city center of Ningbo today took shape in the Southern Song Dynasty (1127—1279). …(Translated by Guo J ianzhong)

第三节东西方思维模式对比四、课内练习（一）将下列英文译成中文：

1. 通过一个朋友约翰·T.·南丁格尔，莱弗勒会见了威廉·阿摩里·帕克，威廉·阿摩里·帕克是一个债券推销员，被朋友们称作“兄弟”·帕克。兄弟·帕克的客户主要是“他的堂兄弟姐妹、表兄弟姐妹、伯母、姑母、婶母、姨母、舅母、叔父、舅父、朋友、熟人、朋友和熟人的朋友。”（参照楚立峰译。《富达风云----一个基金巨头的沉浮》, 第41 页）

2. “帕克没有反对。条件是这支基金的用途只是加强堂兄弟姐妹、表兄弟姐妹、伯母、姑母、婶母、姨母、舅母、以及约翰逊其他客户的账户，并且不得面向大众发售，”格罗写道。（楚立峰译,《富达风云----一个基金巨头的沉浮》, 第79 页）

3. 兄弟·帕克一个血统高贵的堂（表）亲建议他招募乔治·帕特南投资于新兴的基金。（楚立峰译,《富达风云----一个基金巨头的沉浮》, 第41 页）

4. 1946 年新年伊始，埃德·约翰逊已经把富达基金牢牢地握在了手中，在即将到来的漫长牛市中，他镇定自若，经受住了考验。这次牛市开始于1949 年 6 月，一直延续到20 世纪50 年代后期，中间仅有几次下跌。（楚立峰译,《富达风云----一个基金巨头的沉浮》, 第83 页）

5. 格里·泰离开了富达集团，但是内德·约翰逊并不是唯一的受益人。（楚立峰译,《富达风云----一个基金巨头的沉浮》, 第132 页）

（二）将下列中文译成英文：

1. Since it is the comprehensive building for banking office work and is located in the downtown area, boasting important geographic position, the key of design is to rationally and economically utilize the inner function space in the building. At the same time, the combination of the image of the building proper with the urban environment is also the key of design.

2. On current trends China is likely to continue to receive abundant FDI over the coming 11th Five Year Plan period.

3. Hanfeng Company mainly plants and sells various imported ornamental plants, which demands a building that can reflect the characteristic of the company.

4. This puts China in a relatively comfortable position, and it would allow the country to opt for policies that encourage FDI to align more with the country’s objectives.

5. The “Five balances”call for growth that is more focused on domestic development, that is more evenly spread across China’s regions, and that is less resource intensive.

五、课后练习（一）将下列段落译成中文：

一辆自动三轮车在我身旁减慢速度，车夫喋喋不休，他的高嗓门让我非常不舒服。我来印度只有几个星期，但是我知道：在为期七个月的炎热天气里，大多数印度车夫都会在中午打个盹，在后座上四仰八叉，躺在一片汗水之中。温度高于华氏100 度时，他们漫天要价，让急于打车的乘客知难而退，不至搅了他们的好梦。这个车夫一定是生活困难，他夸张地笑着兜揽生意，一副过小的塑料眼镜挤在脸上，也被笑容弄得歪歪扭扭。他没有讨价还价，车费合理。我爬进车，立刻放松了下来，劣质的帆布顶棚挡住了阳光。他的“直升机”两面敞开，能感到一丝微风。

（二）将下列段落译成英文：

Dalian Commercial City is surrounded by Huanghe Lu, Xi’an Lu, Changxing Jie, Ruyi Jie in Shahekou district, Dalian. The whole building is 400m in length. The two stories under the ground are mainly underground garage and the five-story podium on the ground is the comprehensive commercial city with shops, restaurants and cinemas all rolled into one. The main body is four high-rise buildings, one office building and three residential buildings. The outside fa? ade of the podium in the project adopts silver gray aluminum board and black dry-fastened stone material to be in tune with light green glass curtain wall, separating the roughly 400m south-north fa? ade along the street, to reduce the compression sense caused by the streetside architectural mass and to make the building concise, modern and full of sense of the times.

第三章翻译技巧第一节选词用字四、课内练习（一）将下列英文译成中文：

1. 将宇宙中的一切分为物质和力的做法一直沿用至今。

2. 实际上，我们晚餐喝的最后一瓶凯歌香槟没有今天早上的甜。

3. 我更倾向于强调一种毫不含糊的观点，那就是我们不接受为了实现目标而采取暴力或反民主的做法。

4. 他记得多少次他们谈论过、也笑过挖矿时可能会有“意外发现”，还遐想着赚到钱后怎么一起花呢！

5. 争论持续了好几个世纪，双方均没有确凿的证据。不过1803 年，英国化学兼物理学家约翰·道尔顿指出，化合物总是以一定的比例结合而成，这一事实可以用原子在一起组成被称为分子的单位来解释。

（二）将下列中文译成英文：

1. She was afraid of being snubbed, so she swallowed the words that came to her lips.

2. The three men sat down facing each other and began casually chatting.

3. Mr. Cha Buduo has the same physiognomy as you and I.

4. While I sat beside you inside a theater watching the fighting scenes of a Peking opera, you explained its story to me in great detail.

5. Someone asked, “What has the greatest strength on earth?”The answers varied. Some said, “The elephant.”Some said, “The lion.”Some said jokingly, “The fierce-browed guardian gods to Buddha.”But nobody of course could tell how strong the guardian gods were supposed to be.

五、课后练习（一）将下列段落译成中文：

不论是蹒跚学步的孩童，还是白发苍苍的老人，任何人都能在拉斯维加斯找到乐趣。拉斯维加斯的浮华和刺激是广为人知的，可以说这是一座充满欢乐的都市。所以，如果您打算前往拉斯维加斯度假的话，美妙的时光就正等着您了。以下是一些建议，可以帮您最合理地安排行程。

拉斯维加斯的游览项目

在拉斯维加斯似乎有很多事值得一做，所以，不论您在这里待多长时间，都能找到乐趣。以下是游览项目的简要介绍：

逛家庭游乐场

拉斯维加斯的游乐场会给您全家带来无穷的欢乐。您可以在28 英尺的高空骑车绕场一周，将全场风光悉收眼底，全程惊险而又刺激，此外，还可以享受水上游乐项目，品尝美味的甜品，感受劲爆的音乐，欣赏柔美的灯光。敬请体验游泳、划独木筏、皮艇或排筏的惊险之旅！

家庭独木筏游

另一个为全家打造的精彩项目就是独木筏游。它充满挑战但又不难操作，非常适合全家人参与。这不仅是娱乐项目，还是旅游。在风景优美的去处，您可以悄悄划到江河湖泊的对岸，去尽情享受天伦之乐而不受外界打扰。

（二）将下列段落译成英文：

As yet, I have been back to Fuzhou no more than twice in my lifetime. I made the first tripe in the winter of 1911. Returned from the bitter cold North with its drab and dried up vegetation, I was amazed and delighted when greeted by the charming scenery of sapphire mountains and emerald rivers as well as red flowers and green leaves. I felt the sailing boat of my life steering its way into the green River after leaving the blue sea behind. At the Minjiang River, we changed from the big ship to a small boat, which took us to Daqiaotou (Big Bridge), where we were met by Uncle and cousins. They gathered round us and talked warmly with my parents in the local dialect. Thereupon, my 5-year-old younger brother whispered in my ear with a Shandong accent, “How come they can all speak the Fuzhou dialect?”We had both thought that the Fuzhou dialect was indeed most difficult for anyone to learn.

第二节增词与减词四、课内练习（一）将下列英文译成中文：

1. 2. 3. 这些预防措施后来证明很有效。不给小费，酒店工作人员也不会当面生气。熄灯后，大鼠还要等上一会才能从笼子里放出来。

4. 今天，如果你也心存恐惧，那我问你：你会怎样对待恐惧？是让它成为动力，促使你前进，还是让它成为包袱，使你裹步不前？

5. 只要看一看那些大哲学家的著作，你就会明白，最细腻的思想也能清晰地表达。

（二）将下列中文译成英文：

1. This clothes is cheap indeed. But it is of so-so quality.

2. Our meeting today is for further unity and progress.

3. Our first goal, providing people with sufficient food and clothing, has been reached.

4. When a visitor comes, the host will ask what tea his guest prefers and then serve most suitable tea in appropriate tea services.

5. Just as an old Chinese saying has it, “a pond too clear keeps no fish, and a man too penetrative keeps no friend”. Nevertheless, I am not suggesting that you should be so ignorant as to count the gold for which a friend has sold you out.

五、课后练习（一）将下列段落译成中文：

我们必须热情而不倦地努力，以跨越科学发展与道德提升之间的鸿沟。人类的一大问题是苦于精神贫瘠，这与科技的发达形成鲜明的对比。我们物质上愈富有，精神与道德上愈贫瘠。每个人都生活在两个世界里，即内心世界和外在世界。内心世界是精神目标的世界，体现在艺术、文学、道德和宗教信仰等方面。外部世界是指我们赖以生存的设备、技术、机械和工具所构成的复杂世界。如今，我们的问题是放任自己的内心迷失在外部世界中。我们放任生活的手段凌驾于生活的目标之上。因此，现代生活很大程度上可用梭罗发人深省的警句概括：“手段翻新、目标依旧”。

（二）将下列段落译成英文：

Some literary critics say that Chinese literati, especially poets, are mostly disposed to be decadent, which accounts for predominance of Chinese works singing the praises of autumn. Well, the same is true of foreign poets, isn’t it? I haven’t read much of foreign poetry and prose, nor do I want to enumerate autumn-related poems and essays in foreign literature. But, if you browse through collected works of English, German, French or Italian poets, or various countries’ anthologies of poetry or prose, you can always come across a great many literary pieces eulogizing or lamenting autumn. And long pastoral poems or songs about the four seasons by renowned poets are mostly distinguished by beautiful moving lines on autumn.（Tr. Zhang Peiji）

第三节词性转换四、课内练习（一）将下列英文译成中文：

1. 我常常出神地看它们从容不迫地扭来扭去，父亲对我说的是些什么全然没有听见。

2. 这是我的一个秘密，再简单不过的秘密：一个人只有用心去看，才能看到真实。事情的真相只用眼睛是看不见的。

3. 在每个领域里，一旦出了名就会使一些入迷者虔敬地表示赞扬和尊崇，这是种容易使人陶醉的东西。

4. 存储于计算机内存的信息对商业、政府、金融机构运营的控制越来越多。那些头脑聪明，能够修改这些信息并为其所用的人就会获益颇丰。

5. 青春并非指年龄，而是指心境；并非指红润的面颊、鲜红的嘴唇、柔韧的双膝，而是指坚强的意志、丰富的想象和强烈的情感。

（二）将下列中文译成英文：

1. Wushu (or Chinese martial art), which can be traced back to ancient times, is a treasure of Chinese traditional culture.

2. The splendid cultural heritage of a nation does not belong to the nation alone, but will also be spread to the rest of the world and shared by all humanity

3. Since ancient times all people of accomplishment are very serious about their lives. So long as they are alive, they will never let a single day slip by without any gain.

4. Equality and mutual benefit is the fundamental principle of international trade. Therefore, it is normal that countries seek to achieve their own interests, which may lead to trade frictions and disputes.

5. Not only was he my teacher, he had also taught me how to live my life and treat others with love and large-heartedness.

五、课后练习（一）将下列段落译成中文：

在我从小长大的房子里有一间屋，我们把它称作图书馆。当然，那不是个真正的图书馆，只是一间被电视机占据了主要位置的书斋。但它四面墙上全部装修了嵌入式书架，上面摆了数百本书籍——那些精装本的图书五颜六色，在那间屋里把我们团团围住。这些书是我父母和祖父母花了毕生精力收集来的，是我童年生活的一部分。我这一代人，20 世纪五六十年代成长起来的人，可能是了解这种心情的最后一代人了——那种被上百万文字环绕着的感觉；那些文字是历代知名和默默无闻的作家们的结晶。现在到了20 世纪70 年代中期，我们发现这样的情况正发生着微妙的变化，而这种变化又是毋庸置疑的。恐怕美国的家庭很快就不会再留出房间做图书馆了。精装的图书——那思想永驻的象征，那代代相传的智慧——也许就会成为濒临灭绝的物种名单上的新成员了。（刘意青译）

（二）将下列段落译成英文：

Not long after this essay was published, the Incident happened and Zhenyu was instructed to evacuate from Chongqing. Before he left he came to say goodbye to me at my office of Sino-Soviet Cultural Association in Huangjia Yakou. He said he was to go and join the New Fourth Army. I strongly supported him, not without great admiration. As, despite the incident, he still chose to join the New Fourth Army, how could anyone not admire his great courage! In the end, he asked me, looking solemn, to take care of his young brighter Chiping while he was away. He bade his fare well as if we would not be able to see each other again, saying that he would not come back from the front unless the Japanese aggressors were driven out of China. I was deeply impressed by his solemn demeanor. The farewell had added a new dimension to my understanding of Zhenyu in whom I felt a special quality, a quality that is above my other

friends in academic circle, and that is what we know as heroism. (刘士聪，高巍译)

第四节逆序译法四、课内练习（一）将下列英文译成中文：

1. 她们会连续数月在同一街区度过她们的日日夜夜，然后突然消失得无影无踪，就像她们突然来到一样。

2. 于是，在他们眼里，我似乎是对这一套非常老练了，因此他们坚信我是一个地地道道的坏蛋。

3. 与此相对的是一件众人皆知的事：法国伟大的数学家亨利·庞加莱发现了一种新的数学方法——富克斯函数的故事

4. 像大多数市民一样，我非常小心谨慎，会扫视一下大街小巷，看看有没有异常的人或事，然后把车停进车库。

5. 这种新产品和营销手段做得非常成功，几乎每个美国人都在用它。这样，公司很快在一个叫做艾弗里代尔的地方修建了一座新的大型工厂。

（二）将下列中文译成英文：

1. It is hard to understand that we are polluting the air we breathe and the water we drink.

2. We shall establish an advanced industrial system which is complete in ranges and rational in structure and which meets the needs of consumers and the expansion of the national economy.

3. So intense is my love for my husband that if I write the word husband on a piece of paper, my eyes fill with tears.

4. As is known to all, 2003 saw the successful launching of China’s first manned spaceship.

5. The mayor dwelt on the problem of traffic safety in his TV talk, in which he mentioned the deaths caused by traffic accidents had been on the rise since January.

五、课后练习（一）将下列段落译成中文：

国际奥委会主席罗格在第29 届奥运会闭幕式上致辞亲爱的中国朋友们，今晚，我们即将走到16 天光辉历程的终点。这些日子，将在我们的心中永远珍藏，感谢中国人民，感谢所有出色的志愿者，感谢北京奥组委。通过本届奥运会，世界更多地了解了中国，中国更多地了解了世界，来自204 个国家和地区奥委会的运动健儿们在光彩夺目的场馆里同场竞技，用他们的精湛记忆博得了我们的赞叹。新的奥运明星诞生了，往日的奥运明星又一次带来惊喜，我们分享他们的欢笑和泪水，我们钦佩他们的才能与风采，我们将长久铭记再次见证的辉煌成就。在庆祝奥运会圆满成功之际，让我们一起祝福才华洋溢的残奥会运动健儿们，希望他们在即将到来的残奥会上取得优秀的成绩。他们也令我们倍感鼓舞，今晚在场的每位运动员们，你们是真正的楷模，你们充分展示了体育的凝聚力。来自冲突国家竞技对手的热情拥抱之中闪耀着奥林匹克精神的光辉。希望你们回国后让这种精神生生不息，时代永存。这是一届真正的无与伦比的奥运会，现在，遵照惯例，我宣布第29 届奥林匹克运动会

闭幕，并号召全世界青年四年后在伦敦举办的第30 届奥林匹克运动会上相聚。谢谢大家！

（二）将下列段落译成英文：

Mr. President, Dear colleagues, No matter which decision you make today, it will be recorded in history. However one decision will certainly serve to make history. With your decision here today, you can move the world and China toward an embrace of friendship through sport that will benefit all mankind. Almost 50 years ago, I took part in the Olympic Games for the first time; it was in Helsinki. Since then, I have become deeply attached to the Olympic spirit. And me, like so many of my countrymen, I am convinced that the Olympic values are universal and the Olympic flame lights up the way of progress for all humanity. It has been a dream of mine throughout my career to find a way to bring the Olympic Games to China. I, too, want my countrymen and women to experience the eternal beauty of the Olympic dream in our homeland. By voting for Beijing, you will bring the Games for the first time in the history of Olympism to a country with one fifth of the world's population and give to this billion people the opportunity to serve the Olympic Movement with creativity and devotion. Dear colleagues, the message you send today may signal the beginning of a new era of global unity. If you honor Beijing with the right to host the 2008 Olympic Games, I can assure you, my dear colleagues, that, in seven years from now, Beijing will make you proud of the decision you make here today. Thank you.

第五节成语的翻译四、课内练习（一）将下列英文译成中文：

1. 情况确实不妙，但我不准备让步。我要坚持到底。

2. 她每次比赛必获奖，被公认为最优秀的学生。

3. 上次她把钱用完后我借钱给她，但她挥霍浪费。所以这次我让她自作自受了。

4. 我的丈夫突然带了三个朋友回家吃饭，把我搞得手忙脚乱。

5. 多年来政府不断削减教育经费，而此时他们又埋怨老师没有尽到责任—这种愚蠢的做法真叫人失去信心。

（二）将下列中文译成英文：

1. As the contract has been signed, what’s done is done and cannot be undone.

2. With seven mouths and eight tongues, all were talking together. They tried to tell how they had missed him.

3. If I still sit like this as if I had lost my wits, someone will suspect me, actually someone has paid attention to me already; he is chewing me while chewing his chicken.

4. All you can do is to burn your boats and fight them in the hope that one day you'll come out on top.

5. The new electric cars may turn out to be a nine days’wonder: no one seems interested in buying them any longer.

五、课后练习（一）将下列段落译成中文：

在还是小女孩的时候，夏天是我们的。那时，我家住在田纳西河畔。在那些永无尽头、一天天彼此交融的湿润夏日里，我们撒了野地跑着。我们在长长的周日中放任着自己，没有学校的管束，没有规则的羁绊，没有父母的训诫，没有既定的观念，只有属于我们自己的梦幻。我和姐姐，我们都是好女孩，没有什么需要我们去对抗和反叛的。这就是我们所知的生活，我们知道夏日正长，而且是属于我们的。我家门前的那条路是一条单车道的乡间小路。每天早上，父母上班以后，我会等着女邮差把车停在我们的信箱跟前。有时候，我会在大口玻璃瓶的瓶盖里放上够买几张邮票的零钱，再把它放在信箱里面。我讨厌为这样的交易去麻烦女邮差，这会延长她的工作时间。但我喜欢让她知道我们家里也有人寄信到外面的世界。

（二）将下列段落译成英文：

Though the little grass has never said to be herculean, the power it shows is matchless in the world. It is an invisible force of life. So long as there is life, the force will show itself. The rock above it is not heavy enough to prevent the seed from growing, because it is a force that keeps growing over a period of time, because it is an elastic force that can shrink and expand, because it is a tenacious force that will not stop growing until it is grown. The seed does not choose to fall on fertile land but in debris, instead. The seed with life is never pessimistic or sad, for it has undergone resistance and pressure. The grass that begins to fight its way out right after its birth is strong and tenacious, and only that grass has the right to smile with pride at the potted plants in the glassed green houses.

第六节专有名词的翻译四、课内练习（一）将下列英文译成中文：

1. 你会发现休姆的思想很难理解，而且如果你没有受过哲学训练，你根本无法理解它的含义。

2. 桑尼努克桥是一座只供人行的小桥，它横跨洛杉矶河和金州高速公路，联结着阿特瓦德区和格力非公园。

3. 在印度的阿默达巴德市西部，一位年迈苍苍的印度隐士声称自己70 余年来不曾吃饭喝水。为了证明自己所言不虚，他四天不吃不喝。这令医生们感到大为吃惊。

4. 美中富布赖特项目是全世界最大的交流项目之一，由两国政府提供资助，每年支持75 名美国研究生和学者到中国学习、讲学及从事研究，同时支持100 多名中国学生和学者到美国从事学习研究。

5. 阿尔弗莱德·杰克逊，三十八岁，原来是布鲁克林一个水暖工人。他想在邻居遛狗的地方停车，被邻居开枪打死。这件事发生已经有一年多了。

（二）将下列中文译成英文：

1. In the renovation of the old city, siheyuan, the traditional-style houses with quadrangles,

which bear the features of the old city of Beijing, will be carefully dealt with and protected in different ways. 2. The movie In the Mood for Love by Wong Kar-wai, a famous director from Hongkong, is said to be Maggie Cheung’s personal Qipao show. 3. People of the Han Dynasty liked to have paintings or caved relief of rulers of old, disciples of Confucius, eminent scholars and ladies and filial sons in the palaces or the stone chambers before their tombs. With the acceleration of urbanization, man’s desire to return to nature grows with each passing day. 4. On December 16, 2007, the State Council revised the nation’s official holiday schedule and added three other traditional festivals—Qingming, Duanwu and Zhongqiu. At the same time, the May Day “golden week”was shortened to three days. 5. According to the revised provisional regulations on the management of public facilities along urban roads, commercial ads are not allowed on facilities of public welfare, such as bulletin boards, newspaper columns, newsstands, movable lavatories, dustbins or pillar boxes alongside pedestrian streets in the city.

五、课后练习（一）将下列段落译成中文：

如今的狄更斯谈不上是什么炒作热点，但也绝非无人问津，而且不仅是关于他的作品，还有关于他本人。仅今年，截至目前已有两部作品中出现狄更斯这一角色：丹·西蒙斯的《德鲁德》和马修·波尔的《最后的狄更斯》，二者均以狄更斯最后一部未完成的小说《神秘的埃德温德鲁德》为题材。作家总是喜欢拿同行说事，这也不足为奇，不过狄更斯的奇特之处在于他的真实生活和文学作品截然不同。他的小说结尾总是生机重现，或者问题解决，干净利落，而他的生活却是一团糟，简直都可以拍成电视真人秀。来自澳大利亚的（或者说来自塔斯马尼亚岛的）理查德·弗兰纳根献上了本年度第三部、同时也是最受期待的狄更斯系列小说：《欠缺》。小说开篇，狄更斯的第九个孩子朵拉去世，悲伤之余，他感到与妻子越来越疏远，甚至对自己也越来越陌生。弗兰纳根开玩笑说：“基督是个好男人，可是他真的和女人生活过吗？”弗兰根纳笔下的狄更斯只是活在自己作品的情感起伏中。1857 年，他的朋友威尔基克林斯写了剧本《极度深寒》，讲述一次失败的北极探险。狄更斯对这部剧极为着迷。就像是一位说唱乐手厌倦了录音棚里的生活，他主动要求出演剧中的反面角色。在剧中，狄更斯一贯压抑的情感获得了释放，后来竟与联袂主演的年仅18 岁的搭档艾伦·特南坠入情网，把妻子都抛弃了。

（二）将下列段落译成英文：

In the last years of the Three Kingdoms period, Sima Yan conquered the Kingdom of Shu and seized the state power of the Kingdom of Wei, and became Emperor Wudi of the Jin Dynasty. Then he planned to send his troops to attack the Kingdom of Wu so as to unify China. He called his civil and military officials to discuss the plan to destroy the Kingdom of Wu. Most of them thought that it would be difficult to try to destroy the Kingdom of Wu with one action because the Kingdom of Wu was still powerful. So it would be better to wait until fuller preparations were made. However, General Du Yu did not agree with them, so he wrote a memorial to the throne. According to Du Yu, it would be better to destroy the Kingdom of Wu as soon as possible,

because it was still weak at that time. It would be more difficult to defeat the Kingdom of Wu later if it became stronger. After reading it, Emperor Wudi decided to send troops to attack the Kingdom of Wu as early as possible, so as to avoid future trouble. So Emperor Wudi made up his mind, and appointed Du Yu the Grand General for conquering the south.

第七节主语的选择四、课内练习（一）将下列英文译成中文：

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此进一步加强合作、发展贸易关系她从来没想到他是个伪君子。到去年年底，我部已同有关省市签订了100 余幢楼房的建造合同和协议。我们在吸引外资进行老企业改造、房地产开发等方面制定了一系列优惠政策。这位母亲很为有个聪明幽默的儿子而骄傲。

（二）将下列中文译成英文：

1. A successful person differs from an unsuccessful one in that the former perseveres whereas the latter gives up halfway.

2. An institutional restructuring plan will be implemented at the end of the year to establish an efficient government.

3. The New Year’s Eve always finds this street decorated with lanterns and festoons and bustling with noise and excitement.

4. A close scrutiny will reveal to us many flaws in this plan.

5. An average annual growth rate of 10.9% has been achieved in China’s service sector since the introduction of the reform and open-door policy in the late 1970s.

五、课后练习（一）将下列段落译成英文：

We hope that the Taiwan authorities take into consideration the overall interests of the Chinese nation and the fundamental interests of the people in Taiwan, take concrete steps for the early establishment of direct links of postal, air and shipping services and trade between the two sides and that they respond as early as possible to our solemn appeal that the two sides conduct political negotiations under the principle of one China. The reunification of the motherland is an irreversible historical trend. The Taiwan question will surely be resolved. Taiwan’s future hinges on the reunification of the motherland, and to split the country is no way out. We are convinced that with the concerted efforts for all Chinese people on both sides of Taiwan Straits and our overseas compatriots, the common aspiration for the complete reunification of the motherland and the all-round rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will certainly be realized. （选自《汉英口译实践》）

（二）将下列段落译成中文：

三种单纯然而极其强烈的激情支配着我的一生，那就是对于爱情的渴望，对于知识的追求，以及对于人类苦难痛彻肺腑的怜悯。这些激情犹如狂风，把我在伸展到绝望边缘的深深的苦海上东抛西掷，使我的生活没有定向。

我追求爱情，首先因为它叫我销魂，爱情令人销魂的魅力使我常常乐意为了几小时这个的快乐而牺牲生活中的其他一切。我追求爱情，又因为它能减轻孤独感——那种一个颤抖的灵魂望着世界边缘之外冰冷而无生命的无底深渊时所感到的可怕的孤独。我追求爱情，还因为爱的结合使我在一种神秘的缩影中提前看到了圣者和诗人曾经想象过的天堂。这就是我所追求的，尽管人的生活似乎还不配享有它，但它毕竟是我终于找到的东西。我以同样的激情追求知识。我想理解人类的心灵。我想了解星辰为何灿烂。我还试图弄懂毕达哥拉斯学说，它认为数是高居于感性流变之上的永恒力量。我在这方面略有成就，但不多。（选自《罗素论人生》）

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