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Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text(41—45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There are two extra headings that you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)

[A]Set a Good Example for Your Kids

[B]Build You Kids’Work Skills

[C]Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities

[D]Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis

[E]Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies

[F]Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are

[G]Build Your Kids’Sense of Responsibility

How Can a Parent Help?

Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids.Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content,the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move.Here are a few measures,drawn from my book Ready or Not,Here Life Comes,that parents can take to prevent what I call“work-life unreadiness”:

41

You can start this process when they are11or12.Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work

together on any shortcomings,like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating.Also,identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to,as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.

42

Kids need a range of authentic role models—as opposed to members of their clique,pop stars and vaunted athletes.Have regular Geng duo yuan xiao zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are.Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future.When asked what they want to do,they should be discouraged from saying“I have no idea.”They can change their minds200times,but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.

43

Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn;parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work.Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met.Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job.Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills,such as managing time and setting priorities.

44

Playing video games encourages immediate content.And hours of watching TV shows with caned laughter only teaches kids to process information is passive way.At the same time,listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.

45

They should know how to deal with setbacks,stresses and feelings of inadequacy.They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts,ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these thins and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.

What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood?Parents still have a major role to play,but now it is more delicate.They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever interests their fledging adult(as naive or ill conceived as it may seem)while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all,these new adults,must feel they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.

答案详解

41.【解析】[F]本题后面的这段话谈到家长们应当帮助孩子认识自我，从而让孩子在未来职业选择中扬长避短。这一段表达的核心思想体现在两个动词中，第一个是下面这句话中的review：Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings,like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating(要定期帮助孩子发现自己的优缺点，对于任何缺点，例如在交际和合作上的困难，要帮助他们改正)。第二个是identify，出现在下面的句子中：Also,identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to,as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best(同时，要善于发现孩子们的兴趣所在，因为这些兴趣以后可能会演变成最适合他们的职业)。对比选项，选项[F]Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are 的意思是“帮助孩子正确认识自我”，从语义上来看，两者是一致的。其次，从措辞上来看，选项中的figure out(查明)和文种的review以及identify 是同义词，因此可以确定选项[F]是正确答案。

42.【解析】[D]这段话谈到榜样的力量是无穷的(role models)，而最好的榜样是自己身边熟悉的人。父母亲经常在餐桌上谈谈熟人的成长历程，分享自己工作中的成败得失，可以鼓励孩子对自己的未来早作打算。孩子可以今天想干这个，明天想干那个，但不能不知道自己未来想做什么。

在做这道试题时，很容易在看到role models后，匆忙选择选项[A]Set a Good Example for Your Kids。认为既然good example是role models 的同义词，那么这个选项一定是正确答案。这种做题的方式太狭隘，也正是出题人设置虚假选项的一个手段。既然选项都是概括句，那么段落中的支持句必然是为其服务的，两者在语义上应当是一致和统一的。如果选项[A]是

正确答案，那么段落中的支持句一定是父母如何去做才能为孩子树立榜样，而后文论述的内容却不能和论点形成统一，因此选项[A]是错误的。

从这个段落后文的内容来看，后文中出现了regular…discussion…future等关键词，同时，从这段话的语义来看，正好对应选项[D]中的talk about the future on a regular basis(经常谈论他们的未来)，因此是正确答案。

43.【解析】[B]本题最具有迷惑性的选项是[G]Build Your Kids’Sense of Responsibility(树立孩子的责任感)，因为选项中的关键词responsibility在段落的第一句话中以不同的形式出现了两次：Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn;parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work(教师有责任教会学生如何学习，父母应该教会他们如何工作)。但从文章中这句话的语义来看，这句话侧重的是教师和父母的责任，而没有涉及到孩子的责任。同时从下文中也没有找到关于如何树立孩子责任心的任何论述，因此这个选项是迷惑选项，并非正确答案。

从本段谈论的内容来看，本段谈论的内容主要是work和job，这两个单词在文中都有复现。对比选项可以确定选项[B]Build You Kids’Work Skills(帮助孩子学会工作技能)是正确答案。从措辞的角度来看，文中的teaching them how to work…skills等词，与选项B中build…work skills 吻合。

44.【解析】[C]本段的前两句话作者举了两个例子来说明有些娱乐活动的负面作用：Playing video games encourages immediate content.And hours of watching TV shows with caned laughter only teaches kids to process information is passive way.At the same time,listening

through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors.后面的句子是本段要说明的主旨：All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs(这些活动会妨碍孩子交际技能和思维技能的开发，而且这些活动使得孩子们很难集中精力，而这正是大部分工作所需要的)。从上面的分析可知，本段主要在讲娱乐活动的危害。对比选项，选项[C]Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities(限制孩子们在娱乐活动上的时间)和上面我们分析的内容存在一致性，文中的all these activities指上文中的video games(打电游)和watching TV(看电视)，和选项[C]中的leisure activities(娱乐活动)是上下义包容的关系。因此选项[C]是正确答案。

45.【解析】[E]本段话开门见山地指出They should know how to deal with setbacks,stresses and feelings of inadequacy(孩子们应该学会如何面对逆境、压力和自卑感)。后文中的叙述和前面一句话的语义是相同的：They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically(他们应当学会如何解决问题和冲突，如何进行发散性思维以及如何思考缜密)。从这两句话来看，他们表达的语义都是在教孩子们如何去解决问题。对比选项，选项[E]Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies(帮助孩子们开发解决问题的策略)是正确答案。从措辞上看，文中的deal with以及solve,resolve和选项中的coping是近义词。

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2018年全国医学考博英语试题.doc教学文稿

2018年全国医学考博英语试题.d o c

2018MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试 英语试卷 答题须知 1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标 准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。 2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不 要做在试卷上。 3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更 正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。 4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。 5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。 国家医学考试中心

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