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施工材料中英文对照

施工材料中英文对照
施工材料中英文对照

laced of battened compression member 格构式钢柱(51) lacing and batten elements 缀材(缀件)(51) lacing bar 缀条(51) lamellar tearing 层状撕裂(62) lap connectlon 叠接(搭接)(59) lapped length of steel bar 钢筋搭接长度(36) large pannel concrete structure 混凝土大板结构(25) large-form cocrete structure 大模板结构(26) lateral bending 侧向弯曲(40) lateral displacement stiffness of storey 楼层侧移刚度(20) lateral displacement stiffness of structure·结构侧移刚度(20) lateral force resistant wallstructure 抗侧力墙体结构(12) leg size of fillet weld 角焊缝焊脚尺寸(57) length of shear plane 剪面长度(67) lift—slab structure 升板结构(25) light weight aggregate concrete 轻骨料混凝土(28) limit of acceptance 验收界限(23) limitimg value for local dimension of masonry struct ure·砌体结构局部尺寸限值(47) limiting value for sectional dimension 截面尺寸限值(47) limiting value for supporting length 支承长度限值(47) limiting value for total height o

f masonry structure·砌体结构总高度限值(47) linear expansion coeffcient 线膨胀系数(1

8) lintel 过梁(7) load bearing wall 承重墙(7) load-carrying capacity per bolt 单个普通螺栓承载能力(56) load—carrying capacity per high—strength holt 单个高强螺桂承载能力(56) load—carrying capacity per rivet 单个铆钉承载能力(55) log 原木(65) log timber structure 原木结构(64) long term rigidity of member 构件长期刚度(32) longitude horiz ontal bracing 纵向水平支撑(5) longitudinal steel bar 纵向钢筋(35) longitudinal stiffener 纵向加劲肋(53) longitudinal weld 纵向焊缝(60) losses of prestress ‘预应力损失(33) lu

mp material 块体(42)M main axis 强轴(56) main beam·主梁major axis 强轴(56) manual welding 手工焊接(59) manufacture control 生产控制(22) map cracking 龟裂(39) masonry 砌体(17) masonry lintel 砖过梁(43) masonry member 无筋砌体构件(41) mas onry units 块体(43) masonry—concrete structure 砖混结构(¨) masonry—timber structu re 砖木结构(11) mechanical properties of materials·材料力学性能(17) melt—thru 烧穿(62) method of sampling 抽样方法(23) minimum strength class of masonry 砌体材料最低强度等级(47) minor axls·弱轴(56) mix ratio of mortar 砂浆配合比(48) mixing wat er 拌合水(27) modified coefficient for allowable ratio of height to sectionalthickness o f masonry wall 砌体墙容许高厚比修正系数(47) modified coefficient of flexural strength for timber curved mem—弧形木构件抗弯强度修正系数(68) modulus of elasticity of c oncrete 混凝土弹性模量(30) modulus of elasticity parellel to grain 顺纹弹性模量(66) m oisture content 含水率(66) moment modified factor 弯矩调幅系数monitor frame 天窗架mortar 砂浆multi—defence system of earthquake—resistant building·多道设防抗震建筑multi—tube supported suspended structure 多筒悬挂结构N nailed joint 钉连接,net height 净高l net span 净跨度net water/cementratio 净水灰比non-destructive in spection of weld 焊缝无损检验non-destructive test 非破损检验non-load—bearingwall 非承重墙non—uniform cross—section beam 变截面粱non—uniformly distributed strai n coefficient of longitudinal tensile reinforcement 纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数normal

concrete 普通混凝土normal section 正截面notch and tooth joint 齿连接number of sampling 抽样数量O obligue section 斜截面oblique—angle fillet weld 斜角角焊缝one —way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab‘‘单向板open web roof truss 空腹屋架,ordinary concrete 普通混凝土(28) ordinary steel bar 普通钢筋(29) orthogonal fillet wel d 直角角焊缝(61) outstanding width of flange 翼缘板外伸宽度(57) outstanding width of stiffener 加劲肋外伸宽度(57) over-all stability reduction coefficient of steel beam·钢梁整体稳定系数(58) overlap 焊瘤(62) overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗倾覆、滑移验算(10) P padding plate 垫板(52) partial penetrated butt weld 不焊透对接焊缝(6 1) partition 非承重墙(7) penetrated butt weld 透焊对接焊缝(60) percentage of reinforc ement 配筋率(34) perforated brick 多孔砖(43) pilastered wall 带壁柱墙(42) pit·凹坑(6 2) pith 髓心(?o) plain concrete structure 素混凝土结构(24) plane hypothesis 平截面假定(32) plane structure 平面结构(11) plane trussed lattice grids 平面桁架系网架(5) pla nk 板材(65) plastic adaption coefficient of cross—section 截面塑性发展系数(58) plastic design of steel structure 钢结构塑性设计(56) plastic hinge·塑性铰(13) plastlcity coeff icient of reinforced concrete member in tensile zone 受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数(34) pl ate—like space frame 干板型网架(5) plate—like space truss 平板型网架(5) plug weld 塞焊缝(60) plywood 胶合板(65) plywood structure 胶合板结构(64) pockmark 麻面(39) polygonal top-chord roof truss 多边形屋架(4) post—tensioned prestressed concrete str ucture 后张法预应力混凝土结构(24) precast reinforced concrete member 预制混凝土构件(26) prefabricated concrete structure 装配式混凝土结构(25) presetting time 初凝时间(38) prestressed concrete structure 预应力混凝土结构(24) prestressed steel structur e 预应力钢结构(50) prestressed tendon 预应力筋<29) pre—tensioned prestressed conc rete structure·先张法预应力混凝土结构(24) primary control 初步控制(22) production c ontrol 生产控制(22) properties of fresh concrete 可塑混凝土性能(37) properties of har dened concrete 硬化混凝土性能(38) property of building structural materials 建筑结构材料性能(17) purlin“—””—檩条(4)陶瓷英语词汇(6)金花米黄、渗花砖、蓝宝石、大颗粒、纯色砖golden yellow, glazed-lmitated, sapphire of polishing series, big grain and solid colo内墙砖wall tile 地砖floor tile 广场砖paving tile 完全玻化砖polished tile 金玉石polished mosaic 精工钻fine granule 陶瓷砖和卫生陶瓷分类及术语陶瓷砖cerami c tile 由粘土或其他无机非金属原料,经成型、烧结等工艺处理,用于装饰与保护建筑物、构筑物墙面及地面的板状或块状陶瓷制品。也可称为陶瓷饰面砖ceramic facing tile)陶瓷英语词汇(4)工艺品artware 鬼工,鬼爷神工demon’s work, kuei kung 景德镇Jingdex hen, Ching-te-chen 景泰蓝cloisonné 绝缘子insulator 考古学archaeology 可塑的plast ic 流变学rheology 琉璃瓦glazed tile 模型、模特model 模子mould 耐热heat-proof 配方formula 盆栽bonsai 漆器lacquer work 器皿ware 秦始皇陵兵马俑life-size terra-cotta soldiers and horses in Chin tomb 青铜器bronze work 人类学antropology 渗透的porous 手印,指印finger mark 丝网印刷silk screen printing 四面体tetrahedral 搪瓷,珐琅enamel 陶瓷的ceramic 陶瓷专家,陶瓷艺术家ceramist 陶工potter 瓦tile 碗bowl 卫生洁具sanitary ware 温度temperature 硬度hardness 釉工glazier 圆块,雕球,瘤knob 砖brick 爱比克泰德Epicteus(活动于520-500 BC)古希腊陶工兼画家何朝宗He Chaozhong(1522-1620)Chinese ceramist in Ming Dynasty,中国明代陶瓷艺术家韦奇伍德Wedgwood(1730-1795)英国著名陶瓷工匠和制造商希腊古瓮颂’Ode on a Crecian Urn’英国诗人济慈Keats(1795-1821)的名诗,惊叹古希腊陶器彩绘之精美陶瓷英语词汇(1)stoneware:粗瓷dolomite:白云土terracotta:红土construction/building ma

terial :建白材料type of glaze: matt:哑光transparent:透明釉opaque: 不透明釉pigme nted:色釉crackled:裂纹釉pearlized :珍珠釉under glazed:釉下彩on-glazed:釉上彩浮雕:relief, emboss bisque firing:素烧glost firing:釉烧gild :镀金decal:贴花trinket b ox:首饰盒silk screen printing :丝网印素彩瓷plain porcelain 高温陶瓷refractory chin a 窑:kiln tunnel:隧道窑印花:stamping 陶瓷原料Ceramic Material

施工选材技巧大全(转)

第一页内容·人造石可分:纯亚克力,复合亚克力及聚脂板·如何识别真、假漆的小窍门·建筑专业及钢结构专业词汇(l-s) ·建筑专业及钢结构专业词汇(t-y) ·模具钢材及零件英语·中英文对照:五金相关类词汇·陶瓷英语词汇(6)第二页内容·陶瓷英语词汇(5)·陶瓷英语词汇(4)·陶瓷英语词汇(3)·陶瓷英语词汇(2)·陶瓷英语词汇(1)·与其他门窗相比塑钢门窗好在哪?·彻底解剖橱柜用材之谜·节能玻璃在现代建筑中的设计和应用·冬季来临消费者该如何选择地热地板 ·专家支招:消除木地板“积尘藏虫” · 橱柜选购攻略确定厨房风格橱柜款式开放式橱柜备维护保养有诀窍·买强化木地板要关注六大问题·为什么高楼大厦需要建筑幕墙?·业内人士:选橱柜要防两种极端·图文并茂:木材、板材特点详解第三页内容·专家提醒:购买实木地板别陷误区·强化木地板安装与养护常识·特种工程塑料聚酰亚胺介绍·如何挑选防盗门·防盗安全门小常识·水泥当今消耗量最大的一种建材·建材常识:密度板 ·如何选购家居移门·什么才是天然大理石·什么是强化木地板·卫浴洁具:该如何选购?·现代厨柜知识·30年后的建筑材料是什么? 第四页内容·瓷砖的概念和分类·墙纸的国际通用标识·强化木地板安装与养护常识·特种工程塑料聚酰亚胺介绍·如何挑选木门?·概念介绍全面了解目前市面上的瓷砖·当前室内装修内墙涂料的种类·要怎样验收瓷砖的粘贴质量·高级木门“高”在哪里·新型地材实木复合地板的优缺点分析·浮法玻璃生产过程中怎么节能·装修用时用什么门比较好?·鉴别紫檀木的方法·复合木地板的使用和选择·中国建筑装饰材料革新情况·什么是红木?·选购不锈钢防盗门的一点小常识·如何选合适的卫生洁具·木板的品种·刨花板有哪些品种?·新型装饰材料的种类·柚木地板普及知识人造石可分:纯亚克力,复合亚克力及聚脂板一.复合型MMA主要以不饱和聚酯为主体,加入一定数量的MM A树脂为原料,汇合氢氧化铝填充剂经真空压制而成,该石材韧性较好,自然开裂的情况及少.在厨房洗手台窗台中使用可以说很实惠.(例如蒙特利的米兰石和戈兰迪的复合亚克力板)二.纯亚克力MMA主要以MMA树脂为原料,混合氢氧化铝填充剂经特定工艺压制而成,因MMA为流淌性树脂,压制工艺复杂,难度大,“压克力”纯MMA板材,树脂中不含不饱和聚酯或其他树脂,又称100%ACRYLIC石材,该石材具有更高的硬度,更好的韧性,温差大的情况下不会产生自然开裂。(进口的有杜邦可丽耐,日本可乐丽,三星,LG等等)但价位偏高.

三.聚脂板主要以不饱和聚酯为原料(约含40%),氢氧化铝填充剂,这种石材最大的问题是韧性差,受温差,变化易开裂,表面硬度差,易刮伤。人造石的产品特点:1、实体面材,无孔隙,不渗透;2、绝对环保、无毒、无辐射,是可与食物直接接触的台面;3、对水、油、污责、细菌有很强的抵抗力,容易清洗;4、手感温润,耐冷热,耐冲击,坚固耐用,不变形;5、柔韧性好、可塑型强,可加热弯曲成型,更能满足顾客天马行空的创意理念;

6、每种颜色配有同色胶水,板材可以被拼接而不留明显痕迹;

7、产品颜色丰富多彩,有净色、麻石、山峰、晶岩等系列搭配随心所欲,可满足各种不同的设计要求,让您自由发挥想象力。如何识别真、假漆的小窍门油漆是墙面装饰的好材料油漆的颜色变化最多,它可以用在各种不规则的表面上,无拼口、无接缝,可与各种装饰材料搭配,能迅速简单地

达到你对家居的理想要求。如果你已经考虑用来威漆作墙面装饰,你必须还要了解一些基本知识。来威漆是目前流行用的乳胶型墙面漆。具有色彩丰富、耐久性和擦洗性好、流平性佳、涂抹光洁细腻、装饰效果优雅大方、不污染大气、透气性好、储运安全、施工方便、用油漆装饰墙面,特别要做好墙面处理。首先要刮腻子。刮腻子的遍数取决于墙面的平整度,一般为三遍。第一遍用胶皮刮板横向满刮。干燥后用砂纸将浮腻子及斑迹磨平,并把墙面清扫干净。第二遍用胶皮刮板竖向满刮,干燥后用同样的方法磨平、清扫。第三遍用胶皮刮板找补腻子或用钢片刮板满刮腻子、将墙面刮平,干燥后用细砂纸磨光,注意不得将腻子磨穿。识别真、假漆的小窍门专家说“好漆黑如油,光亮照人头,摇时琥珀色,悬丝急似钩,用时干得快,酸香漆更优”。识别方法之一,看形,漆内含杂质少,搅动呈乳白色线路(沙路)漆好。二看色,好漆自然分三层,表面酱油色或猪肝色,中层淡黄色,底层灰白色;全是一个色则是假漆。三嗅味,好漆具有芳香或酸香味,若有腐败或其它怪味,是变质或假漆。长久不干的漆,成色再好也是坏漆。这点一定要注意。建筑专业及钢结构专业词汇(l-s)L

仪表防爆及接地系统施工方案中英

仪表防爆及接地系统施工方案Construction Scheme for Instrument Explosionproof and Earthing System 编制说明:1 在现代工业生产装置中,许多易燃、易爆、易挥发的工艺介质出现在生产流程中,防爆施工对装 置的安全运行非常重要;各种工艺参数的检测、显示和控制都实现了自动化、集中化、智能化,特别是集散控制系统(DCS)的广泛应用,对仪表接地系统的要求越来越高。正确完成仪表接地 系统,对保证设备及人身安全,保证装置安全运行意义重大。 为了高速优质地完成装置防爆及接地施工任务,特编制本方案。 :编制依据22.1设计施工图及其它设计文件。 2.2现行《自动化仪表工程施工及验收规范》。 2.3现行的《电气装置安装工程施工及验收规范》。 2.4现行《自动化仪表工程质量检验评定标准》。 2.5厂商提供的产品安装使用说明书等技术文件。 2.6公司《质量保证手册》、《质量体系子程序》及其支撑性文件。 工程概况3.工程概况应包括:工程名称、地点、规模、特点、范围、主要技术参数、主要实 物工程量、工期要求及投资等。 4.防爆施工: Explosion-proof Construction: 4.1一般规定: General Regulations: 4.1.1爆炸和火灾危险区域使用的电气、仪表设备的防爆形式及配线方式必须符合设计要求,并满足使用区域的防爆等级规定。The style of explosion-proof and wiring for electric equipment and instrument equipment, which used in explosion and fire dangerous areas, must accord with the design requirement and content with explosion proof class stipulation. 4.1.2安装在爆炸和火灾危险区域的仪表、电气设备和材料,必须具有符合现行国家或行业标准 中规定的防爆质量技术鉴定文件和防爆产品出厂合格证. 书。设备、材料的外观应无损伤和裂纹。 Concerning electric and instrumental equipment and material that is installed in explosion and fire dangerous area, their explosion-proof quality technique appraisal document and explosion-proof manufacture certificate must be compliance with the new standard requirement of country or vocation. There aren't damage and crack in appearance of device and material. 4.1.3在爆炸和火灾危险场所使用的防爆电气、仪表设备,应有铭牌和防爆标志,并在铭牌上标 明国家授权的部门所发给的防爆合格证编号。

建筑材料供应合同中英文

建筑材料供应合同(中英文) 建筑材料供应合同(中英文) CONTRACT OF PURCHASE BUILDING MATERIAL 买方 Buyer (以下简称“买方”hereinafter, the “Buyer”)地址 Address : 电话 Tel : 传真 Fax : 卖方 Seller : 地址 Address : 电话 Tel : 传真 Fax :

本合同经买、卖双方友好协商后在年月日签订。根据本合同签订的条款,买方同意向卖方购买、卖方同意向买方提供下列轻钢结构系统建筑材料一套(以下简称“钢结构”): This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and Seller on ___________, 1997 after friendly negotiations. The Buyer hereby agrees to purchase from the Seller, and the Seller hereby agrees to sell to the Buyer, the following set of metal building system (hereinafter, the “Metal Building System”) on the terms and conditions set forth in this Contract: 第一条项目名称Article 1. Name of Project 1.1 本项目名称为:The name of this project is: 1.2 本项目位于(以下简称“工地现场”)。 This project is located at (hereinafter, “the Site”). 第二条卖方供货范围Article 2. Scope of Supply from Seller 2.1 在提供钢结构时,卖方应负责: In supplying the Metal Building System, the Seller shall be responsible for: 2.1.1 设计并制造供应本项目地面以上的全部钢结构(详见附件一);及 the design and manufacture of this project’s entire above-ground structure (see Attachment 1 for details); and 2.1.2 所提供钢结构部件及材料的□必要包装□运输□运输的保险。

常用管道、阀门、材料中英文名称对照

目录 1 管道组成件Piping component (1) 1.1 管子Pipe (1) 1.2 管件Fitting (2) 1.3 弯管Bend (3) 1.4 法兰Flange (FLG) (4) 1.5 垫片Gasket (GSKT) (5) 1.6 阀门Valve (6) 1.7 管道特殊件Piping Specialty (10) 1.8 端部连接End Connection (12) 1 管道组成件Piping component 1.1 管子Pipe 管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe 管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube 钢管steel pipe 铸铁管cast iron pipe 衬里管lined pipe 复合管clad pipe 碳钢管carbon steel pipe 合金钢管alloy steel pipe 不锈钢stainless steel pipe 奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe 轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe 锻铁管wrought-iron pipe 无缝钢管seamless (SMLS) steel pipe 焊接钢管welded steel pipe 电阻焊钢管electric-resistance welded steel pipe

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材料名称-中英文对照

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室外电缆沟施工方案(中英文)_secret

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【 Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦】 【Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石】【Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土】 【Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料】 【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉】 【Timber 木材】 【Metallic Materials 金属材料】 【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】 【Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料】【Building Hardware 建筑五金】 【Paint 油漆】 k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语 【Discipline 专业】

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建筑英语论文--建筑材料的应用--英汉对照

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常用原材料英文缩写与中文名称对照表A 英文缩写全称 A/MMA 丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物 AA 丙烯酸 AAS 丙烯酸酯-丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯共聚物 ABFN 偶氮(二)甲酰胺 ABN 偶氮(二)异丁腈 ABPS 壬基苯氧基丙烷磺酸钠 B 英文缩写全称 BAA 正丁醛苯胺缩合物 BAC 碱式氯化铝 BACN 新型阻燃剂 BAD 双水杨酸双酚A酯 BAL 2,3-巯(基)丙醇 BBP 邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯 BBS N-叔丁基-乙-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺 BC 叶酸 BCD β-环糊精 BCG 苯顺二醇 BCNU 氯化亚硝脲 BD 丁二烯 BE 丙烯酸乳胶外墙涂料 BEE 苯偶姻乙醚 BFRM 硼纤维增强塑料 BG 丁二醇 BGE 反应性稀释剂 BHA 特丁基-4羟基茴香醚 BHT 二丁基羟基甲苯 BL 丁内酯 BLE 丙酮-二苯胺高温缩合物 BLP 粉末涂料流平剂 BMA 甲基丙烯酸丁酯 BMC 团状模塑料 BMU 氨基树脂皮革鞣剂

BN 氮化硼 BNE 新型环氧树脂 BNS β-萘磺酸甲醛低缩合物 BOA 己二酸辛苄酯 BOP 邻苯二甲酰丁辛酯 BOPP 双轴向聚丙烯 BP 苯甲醇 BPA 双酚A BPBG 邻苯二甲酸丁(乙醇酸乙酯)酯 BPF 双酚F BPMC 2-仲丁基苯基-N-甲基氨基酸酯 BPO 过氧化苯甲酰 BPP 过氧化特戊酸特丁酯 BPPD 过氧化二碳酸二苯氧化酯 BPS 4,4’-硫代双(6-特丁基-3-甲基苯酚) BPTP 聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯 BR 丁二烯橡胶 BRN 青红光硫化黑 BROC 二溴(代)甲酚环氧丙基醚 BS 丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物 BS-1S 新型密封胶 BSH 苯磺酰肼 BSU N,N’-双(三甲基硅烷)脲 BT 聚丁烯-1热塑性塑料 BTA 苯并三唑 BTX 苯-甲苯-二甲苯混合物 BX 渗透剂 BXA 己二酸二丁基二甘酯 BZ 二正丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌 C 英文缩写全称 CA 醋酸纤维素 CAB 醋酸-丁酸纤维素 CAN 醋酸-硝酸纤维素 CAP 醋酸-丙酸纤维素 CBA 化学发泡剂

建筑设计中英文对照外文翻译文献

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vray各种材质中英文对照参数大全

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wow材料中英文对照

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某铁路施工组织设计方案(中英文)

安全性 □对信息系统安全性的威胁 任一系统,不管它是手工的还是采用计算机的,都有其弱点。所以不但在信息系统这一级而且在计算中心这一级(如果适用,也包括远程设备)都要审定并提出安全性的问题。靠识别系统的弱点来减少侵犯安全性的危险,以及采取必要的预防措施来提供满意的安全水平,这是用户和信息服务管理部门可做得到的。 管理部门应该特别努力地去发现那些由计算机罪犯对计算中心和信息系统的安全所造成的威胁。白领阶层的犯罪行为是客观存在的,而且存在于某些最不可能被发觉的地方。这是老练的罪犯所从事的需要专门技术的犯罪行为,而且这种犯罪行为之多比我们想象的还要普遍。 多数公司所存在的犯罪行为是从来不会被发觉的。关于利用计算机进行犯罪的任何统计资料仅仅反映了那些公开报道的犯罪行为。系统开发审查、工作审查和应用审查都能用来使这种威胁减到最小。 □计算中心的安全性 计算中心在下列方面存在弱点: 1.硬件。如果硬件失效,则系统也就失效。硬件出现一定的故障是无法避免的,但是预防性维护和提供物质上的安全预防措施,来防止未经批准人员使用机器可使这种硬件失效的威胁减到最小。 2.软件。软件能够被修改,因而可能损害公司的利益。严密地控制软件和软件资料将减少任何越权修改软件的可能性。但是,信息服务管理人员必须认识到由内部工作人员进行修改软件的可能性。银行的程序员可能通过修改程序,从自己的帐户中取款时漏记帐或者把别的帐户中的少量存款存到自己的帐户上,这已经是众所周知的了。其它行业里的另外一些大胆的程序员同样会挖空心思去作案。 1

3.文件和数据库。公司数据库是信息资源管理的原始材料。在某些情况下,这些文件和数据库可以说是公司的命根子。例如,有多少公司能经受得起丢失他们的收帐文件呢?大多数机构都具有后备措施,这些后备措施可以保证,如果正在工作的公司数据库被破坏,则能重新激活该数据库,使其继续工作。某些文件具有一定的价值并能出售。例如,政治运动的损助者名单被认为是有价值的,所以它可能被偷走,而且以后还能被出售。 4.数据通信。只要存在数据通信网络,就会对信息系统的安全性造成威胁。有知识的罪犯可能从远处接通系统,并为个人的利益使用该系统。偷用一个精心设计的系统不是件容易的事,但存在这种可能性。目前已发现许多罪犯利用数据通信设备的系统去作案。 5.人员。用户和信息服务管理人员同样要更加注意那些租用灵敏的信息系统工作的人。某个非常无能的人也能像一个本来不诚实的人一样破坏系统。 □信息系统的安全性 信息系统的安全性可分为物质安全和逻辑安全。物质安全指的是硬件、设施、磁带、以及其它能够被利用、被盗窃或者可能被破坏的东西的安全。逻辑安全是嵌入在软件内部的。一旦有人使用系统,该软件只允许对系统进行特许存取和特许处理。 物质安全是通过门上加锁、采用防火保险箱、出入标记、警报系统以及其它的普通安全设备就能达到的。而作为联机系统的逻辑安全主要靠“口令”和核准代码来实现的。终端用户可以使用全局口令,该口令允许利用几个信息系统及其相应的数据库;终端用户也可使用只利用一个子系统或部分数据库的口令。 □安全分析过程 大多数公司的办公人员询问关于信息和计算中心的安全时,往往问“一切都行了吗?”其实他们应该问“对于信息和计算中心的安全,我们应该做什么?”。 用户管理人员应该与信息服务管理人员定期地共同研究,进行安全分析,这种安全分析为各方都愿意接受。简言之,这种安全分析意指决定要多大的一把“挂锁”。遗憾的是,某些公 1

建筑专业名词中英文对照

1.设计指标:statistics 用地面积:site area 建筑占地面积:building foot print 总建筑面积:total area 建筑面积floor area,building area 地上建筑面积:ground area 地下建筑面积:underground area 整体面积需求: Demand for built area 公共绿地:public green land 备用地用地:reserved land 容积率:FAR 建筑密度:building coverage 绿地率:green ratio 绿化率:green landscape ratio 建筑高度:building height 层数:number of floors 停车位:parking unit 地面停车:ground parking 地下停车:underground parking 使用面积:usable area 公用面积:public area 实用面积:effective area 居住面积:living area 计租面积rental area?租用面积 得房率:effien 开间bay 进深depth 跨度span 坡度:slope,grade 净空:clearance 净高:clear height 净空(楼梯间下):headroom 净距:clear distance 套内面积:unit constraction area 公摊面积:shared public area 竣工面积: 辅助面积:service area 结构面积:structural area 交通面积:communication area,passage area 共有建筑面积:common building area 共有建筑面积分摊系数:common building area amount coefficient 公用建筑面积:public building area 销售面积:sales area 绿化覆盖率:green coverage ratio

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