中考英语冠词专题讲解
中考英语冠词专题讲解
一.概念
冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义.
冠词可分为：定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类.
二.考情分析
冠词a/ an /the 及零冠词的用法在初中英语阶段属基础语法，中考以单选为主，分值1’左右，题目位置比较靠前，仅次于语音题目，因此必须掌握冠词的用法。
三．相关知识点精讲
（一）不定冠词
1. a用于辅音发音开头的词前, 如：a book，a boy.
2. an用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an apple, an hour.
请区别：a useful machine, an umbrella, a “U”, an “H” an “S”，an “L”，an”M”，an”N”。
3. 用法：
a/an 用于：
①第一次提及的东西
②单数可数名词前。a book a boy a man a bird a dog an hour
【练习】判断正误：
a story( ) a bread ( ) a paper（） a bag（）
a pretty woman（） a school ( ) an useful book ( )
③表示类别：这种用法是指某人或某物属于某一种类，或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何
一个或一件，或者指某一种类的人或物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。例如：
That is a pen, not a pencil. 那是钢笔而不是铅笔。（指属于某一种类）
Give him a pear, please! 请给他一个梨。（指某一种类中的任何一个）
Listen! A boy is singing in the classroom.
④a/an和one 的区别：a/an 表示类别种类One 强调数量
a bus （表示是一辆公交车而不是一辆小汽车也不是火车）
one bus (强调是一辆车而不是两辆或三辆)
There is a cat under the chair. 椅子下面有一只猫。（强调种类）
There is one cat under the chair.椅子下边有一只猫。（强调数量）
⑤表示基本单位，作“每一”讲。例如：three times a day, 10 yuan a kilo
six class a day thirty miles an hour等。
4.a/an易错汇总
（二）定冠词
一、the 表示特指。表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个，以别于
同类中其他的人或事物，相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。
the book in my bag the boy under the tree
the apples in the basket the hospital near my home
二、可以和单、复数名词，也可以和不可数的名词连用。
the books the book the rice the bread the football
the old man the interesting book the teachers the women
三、用法：
1）定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指”：表示某个或某些特定的人或物。
Do you know the girl in a red skirt? 你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗？
Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。
2）再次提到上文提到过的人或物，应该用定冠词the。例如：Tom has an apple, The apple is big and red.
There is a boy under the tree.The boy is my brother.
3）指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如：
Let’s go and give it to the teacher.咱们去把它交给老师吧。
Open the door，please!请打开门。
4）用于某些固定词组中。例如:
in the morning / afternoon / evening 等。
5）用在形容词前表示一类人。
the old 老人the young 年轻人the rich富裕的人
the poor_________ the deaf __________ the blind____________ 6）用在表示“姓”的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。例如：The Whites are spending their holiday in England.
The Greens came to China two years ago .
7）用在由普通名词构成的表示场所的专有名词前。
the Great Wall 长城the Summer Place颐和园
the United States 美国the October Revolution 十月革命
the Chinese People’s Liberation Army 中国人民解放军
the Long March 长征
8）用在序数词或形容词最高级前
The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class.
He is the tallest one in our class.
9）世界上独一无二的事物等（月亮、地球、天空、宇宙）
the globe太阳系the universe 宇宙the atmosphere大气层
The sun rises in the east. The earth goes round the sun.
10）在世纪，年代名词前用冠词。
in the 1980s 或in the 1980’s 20世纪80年代in the nineteenth century 二十世纪
11）在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。
the Changjiang River 长江
the West Lake 西湖the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
12）在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behind the chair。
13）不能用定冠词the的几个方面：
(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer, in August
请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故加the)
(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如：have breakfast ,play football
(3)一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school, by bus ,at night.
14）在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：
in front of 在…前面, in the front of 在…范围内的前部
in hospital (生病)住院, in the hospital 在医院里。
（三）零冠词
一、零冠词，即指不使用冠词的情况
二、用法：
1）在物质名词、抽象名词前不用冠词
The desk is made of wood.
What is work? Work is struggle.
2）国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：
England，China Mary Lilei Mr.Green 但除了the U.S.A等固定用法
3）在星期、月份，季节等名词前；Sunday March summer winter
4）名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格修饰时(this，my，that，those，these，her)
如：this morning my pen your watch whose bike 等
5）在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前如：
have breakfast play chess play basketball
(注意在乐器前必须加定冠词如弹钢琴play the piano play the violin)
6）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；
by bus by train by car by air by bike by plane
（注意如果用介词in/on 表示乘坐交通工具，必须用a 或an 来表示，如in a bus ，on a bike 等）
7）有些个体名词不用冠词；如：
school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，
court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义；
go to hospital去医院看病
go to the hospital去医院(并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)
【冠词识记口诀】
口诀一：
名词是秃子常要戴帽子
可数名词单需用a 或an
辅音前用a 元音前用an
复数不可数泛指the不见
碰到代词时,冠词均不现.
口诀二：
特指双熟悉，上文已提及；
世上独无二，序数最高级；
某些专有名，习语及乐器。
以上口诀归纳了用定冠词the的一般情况，即：
①特指某些人或物
①谈话双方都熟悉的人或事
①上文已经提到的人或事
①世界上独一无二的事物前
①序数词回形容词最高级前
①某些专有名词前(①表江河胡海河山岛峰；②含有普通名词的专有名词前eg: the Great Wall)
①一些习惯短语（如：in the day等）中和乐器前（如：play the violin / piano）。
口诀三：
下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；
专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭；
复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；
颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。
以上口诀主要概括了一般应“免冠”的几种情况，即：
①名词前已有作定语用的this、that、some、any、my等限定词。
①专有名词和不可数名词前。
①表示学科的（如：maths、Chinese、physics）名词前。
①球类活动的名词前及三餐总称前。
①复数名词表示泛指（一类人或事）时。
①节日、季节、星期、月份前。
①表示颜色（如：It's red / yellow.）、语种（如：speak English/Japanese）
和国家的非全称名词（如：We live in China. They come from America.）。
①在称呼或表示头衔的名词前。
①某些习惯短语中（如：in bed、go to school等）。
专项练习
练习一：
1.The teenagers had good time in the summer camp in their sister school.
A.a
B. an
C. the
D. /
2.Perhaps the famous football star won’t play ________ football any longer.
A) a B) an C) the D) /
3.This novel can make you laugh and cry at ______ same time.
A) a B) an C) the D) /
4.Can I have look at the photo of your pen friend?
A. a B)an C. / D. the
5.Linda always takes_________active part in sports after school.
A./
B. a
C.an
D. the
6.My father usually reads morning papers before going to _________ work.
A) the B) a C) an D) /
7.The old lady teaches children to play ______ piano at a weekend school.
A) a B) an C) the D) /
8.There is ______ report in today’s newspaper. It’s about the International Film Festival, Shanghai.
A) a B) an C) the D) /
9.This is ______ book that I promised to lend you last week.
A) a B) an C) the D) /
10.A comic strip is usually about ________ interesting story with an unforgettable end.
A. a
B. an
C. /
D. the
11. Nowadays many young people would rather go on diet to lost weight.
A) a B) the C) / D) an
12.______ young man living next door wants to be a detective in the future.
A) A B) An C) The D) /
13.Human beings still can’t reach Mars for________ time being.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
14.These two little girls were chatting happily all ________ way to school.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
15.The boy was knocked down by a car and now is in hospital.
A.a
B. an
C. the
D. /
16.There was a crystal clear river across the village.But now river is completely polluted by factories built along it.
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
17.We should give a hand to ____________ blind when they need any help in life.
A) a B) an C) the D) /
18.Hans is ________ honest boy. He is often praised by his teachers and friends.
A) a B) an C) the D) /
19.The charity walkers arrived at the small town a rainy morning.
A) in B) at C) on D) of
20.Our parents are always ready to help us and ask for nothing in return.
A.a
B.an
C./
D.the
21.It is our tradition to respect ________ old and care for young children.
A) a B) an C) the D) /
22.My parents were watching TV when I got home last night.
A) a B) an C) the D) /
23.Growing into ______ adult means having the right to do certain things, such as getting a
part-time job.
A) a B) an C) the D) /
24.The impression you made at beginning of an interview is very important.
A) a B) an C) the D) /
练习二：
一、填空
1.There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall．
2．This is _______ useful book．I've read it for _______ hour．
3．_______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse．
4．_______ doctor told him to take _______ medicine three times _______ day．5．Let's go out for _______ walk．
6．It's too hot．Open _______ door，please．
7．There is _______ woman over there．_______ woman is Meimei's mother．
8．_______ sun rises in _______ east．
9．_______ Changjiang River is _______ longest river in _______ China．
10．Are you going to do it _______ second time？
11．Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA．
12．_______ Turners are living at the end of _______ Turner Street．
13．He joined the army in _______ spring of _______ 1995．
14．_______ old man is _______ teacher．He likes playing _______ basketball after
_______ supper．
15．After I had _______ quick breakfast，I hurried to school．
16．Are _______ sheep kept by _______ farmers for producing _______ wool and
_______ meat？
17．They went to _______ People's Park，but we both went to _______ People's Cinema yesterday．
18．I often watch _______ TV in _______ evening．
19．_______ day of _______ December 20，1999 is Monday．
20．Tomorrow is _______ Christmas Day and my father and I went to
choose _______ Christmas tree today．
21．I think _______ maths is more important than any other subject．
22．He often goes to _______ school by _______ bike．
23．What does this _______ word mean，_______ Father？
24．What _______ important news！
二、单选
1．—Does Jim have _______ ruler？
—Yes，he has _______ ．
A．an；some B．a；one C．a；／D．any；one
2．There is _______ old bike．_______ old bike is Mr Zhao's．
A．an ；The B．the；An C．a；The D．the；The
3．_______ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay．
A．The B．A C．An D．Two
4．—How many books do you have？
—I have _______ book．That's _______ English book．
A．a；an B．a；one C．one；an D．one；one
5．At that time Tom was _______ one-year-old baby．
A．a B．an C．the D．／
6．_______ tiger is _______ China．
A．The；a B．A；the C．The；from D．The；the
7．We can't see _______ sun at _______ night．
A．the；the B．the；／C．a；／D．／；／
8．_______ useful book it is！
A．What an B．How a C．What a D．What
9．One afternoon he found _______ handbag．There was _______ “s”on the corner of
_______ handbag．
A．a；an；the B．a；a；the C．an；an；an D．the；a；a
10．_______ old lady with white hair spoke _______ English well at _______ meeting．A．An；an；a B．The；／；an C．The；／；a D．The；／；the
11．_______ Great Wall is _______ longest wall in the world．
A．A；a B．The；the C．A；the D．The；a
12．_______ new bridge has been built over Huangpu River．
A．The；a B．A；／C．A；the D．An；the
13．_______ woman over there is _______ popular teacher in our school．
A．A；an B．The；a C．The；the D．A；the
14．He used to be _______ teacher but later he turned _______ writer．
A．a；a B．a；the C．／；a D．a；／
15．They made him _______ king．
A．a B．the C．an D．／
16．His father is _______ English teacher．He works in our school．
A．a B．an C．the D．／
17．Is he _______ American boy ？
A．an B．a C．one D．／
18．Does Tom often play _______ football after _______ school？
A．／；／B．／；the C．the；／D．a；／
19．They passed our school _______ day before yesterday．
A．an B．one C．a D．the
20．Australia is _______ English-speaking country．
A．a B．an C．the D．／
21．She has _______ orange skirt．_______ skirt is nice．
A．a；The B．an；The C．an；A D．the；The
22．This is _______ apple．It's _______ big apple．
A．an；a B．a；the C．a；an D．an；the
23．Look at _______ horse over there．
A．a B．an C．the D．／
24．Don't play _______ basketball here．It's dangerous．
A．a B．an C．／D．the
25．There is _______ old woman in the car．
A．／B．the C．a D．an
26．Beijing is _______ beautiful city．It's _______ capital of China．
A．a；a B．the；the C．／；the D．a；the
27．Shanghai is in _______ east of China．
A．／B．an C．a D．the
28．I've been a student there for nearly two and _______ half years．
A．a B．an C．the D．／
29．Bill is _______ English teacher．He likes playing _______ football．
A．a；the B．an；the C．a；／D．an；／
30．The museum is quite far．It will take you half _______ hour to get there by _______ bus．A．an；／B．an；a C．a；／D．／；／